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Cinciripini PM, Wetter DW, Wang J, Yu R, Kypriotakis G, Kumar T, Robinson JD, Cui Y, Green CE, Bergen AW, Kosten TR, Scherer SE, Shete S. Deep sequencing of candidate genes identified 14 variants associated with smoking abstinence in an ethnically diverse sample. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6385. [PMID: 38493193 PMCID: PMC10944542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the large public health toll of smoking, genetic studies of smoking cessation have been limited with few discoveries of risk or protective loci. We investigated common and rare variant associations with success in quitting smoking using a cohort from 8 randomized controlled trials involving 2231 participants and a total of 10,020 common and 24,147 rare variants. We identified 14 novel markers including 6 mapping to genes previously related to psychiatric and substance use disorders, 4 of which were protective (CYP2B6 (rs1175607105), HTR3B (rs1413172952; rs1204720503), rs80210037 on chr15), and 2 of which were associated with reduced cessation (PARP15 (rs2173763), SCL18A2 (rs363222)). The others mapped to areas associated with cancer including FOXP1 (rs1288980) and ZEB1 (rs7349). Network analysis identified significant canonical pathways for the serotonin receptor signaling pathway, nicotine and bupropion metabolism, and several related to tumor suppression. Two novel markers (rs6749438; rs6718083) on chr2 are flanked by genes associated with regulation of bodyweight. The identification of novel loci in this study can provide new targets of pharmacotherapy and inform efforts to develop personalized treatments based on genetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Cinciripini
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - David W Wetter
- Department of Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah and Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - George Kypriotakis
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tapsi Kumar
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jason D Robinson
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles E Green
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Thomas R Kosten
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Steven E Scherer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Rajagopal VM, Watanabe K, Mbatchou J, Ayer A, Quon P, Sharma D, Kessler MD, Praveen K, Gelfman S, Parikshak N, Otto JM, Bao S, Chim SM, Pavlopoulos E, Avbersek A, Kapoor M, Chen E, Jones MB, Leblanc M, Emberson J, Collins R, Torres J, Morales PK, Tapia-Conyer R, Alegre J, Berumen J, Shuldiner AR, Balasubramanian S, Abecasis GR, Kang HM, Marchini J, Stahl EA, Jorgenson E, Sanchez R, Liedtke W, Anderson M, Cantor M, Lederer D, Baras A, Coppola G. Rare coding variants in CHRNB2 reduce the likelihood of smoking. Nat Genet 2023:10.1038/s41588-023-01417-8. [PMID: 37308787 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic studies of smoking behavior have been thus far largely limited to common variants. Studying rare coding variants has the potential to identify drug targets. We performed an exome-wide association study of smoking phenotypes in up to 749,459 individuals and discovered a protective association in CHRNB2, encoding the β2 subunit of the α4β2 nicotine acetylcholine receptor. Rare predicted loss-of-function and likely deleterious missense variants in CHRNB2 in aggregate were associated with a 35% decreased odds for smoking heavily (odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, confidence interval (CI) = 0.56-0.76, P = 1.9 × 10-8). An independent common variant association in the protective direction ( rs2072659 ; OR = 0.96; CI = 0.94-0.98; P = 5.3 × 10-6) was also evident, suggesting an allelic series. Our findings in humans align with decades-old experimental observations in mice that β2 loss abolishes nicotine-mediated neuronal responses and attenuates nicotine self-administration. Our genetic discovery will inspire future drug designs targeting CHRNB2 in the brain for the treatment of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ariane Ayer
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Peter Quon
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Suying Bao
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan Emberson
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason Torres
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pablo Kuri Morales
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jesus Alegre
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jaime Berumen
- Experimental Research Unit from the Faculty of Medicine (UIME), National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Hyun M Kang
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Eli A Stahl
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
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April-Sanders AK, Daviglus ML, Lee UJ, Perreira KM, Kaplan RC, Blaha MJ, Pirzada A, Giachello AL, Bhatnagar A, Robertson RM, Thanh-Huyen TV, Rodriguez CJ. Prevalence of electronic cigarette use and its determinants in us persons of Hispanic/Latino background: The Hispanic community health study / study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE OPEN 2023; 9:100029. [PMID: 37388413 PMCID: PMC10310062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajmo.2022.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among Hispanic/Latino adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Methods Cross-sectional data collected between the years 2015-2017 were analyzed to assess ENDS use (ever (current: use ≤ past 30 days; former: use > past 30 days) and never) among 11,623 adults (mean age 47 years±0.3 years; 52% women). Weighted prevalence estimates were reported, and age-adjusted logistic regression models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic and clinical exposures with ENDS use. Results The prevalence of current and former ENDS use was 2.0% and 10.4%, respectively. Having ever used ENDS was associated with prevalent coronary artery disease. Current ENDS use was higher in males and associated with higher education, English language preference, and Puerto Rican background compared with nonsmokers and cigarette-only smokers (all p<0.05). Conclusions Hispanic/Latino individuals who are young adults, male, US-born, and have high acculturation were more likely to report current ENDS use. These findings could inform preventive and regulatory interventions targeted to Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine
| | - Un Jung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amber Pirzada
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine
| | - Aida L. Giachello
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | | | - T. Vu Thanh-Huyen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Carlos J. Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Zhabin S, Lazarenko V, Azarova I, Klyosova E, Bykanova M, Chernousova S, Bashkatov D, Gneeva E, Polonikova A, Churnosov M, Solodilova M, Polonikov A. The Joint Link of the rs1051730 and rs1902341 Polymorphisms and Cigarette Smoking to Peripheral Artery Disease and Atherosclerotic Lesions of Different Arterial Beds. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020496. [PMID: 36836853 PMCID: PMC9961460 DOI: 10.3390/life13020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) contributing to peripheral artery disease (PAD), but their joint effects with risk factors like cigarette smoking (CS) on disease susceptibility have not been systematically investigated. The present study looked into whether CS mediates the effects of GWAS loci on the development of PAD and atherosclerotic lesions in different arterial beds. DNA samples from 1263 unrelated individuals of Slavic origin including 620 PAD patients and 643 healthy subjects were genotyped by the MassArray-4 system for rs1051730, rs10134584, rs1902341, rs10129758 which are known as PAD-associated GWAS loci. The rs1051730 polymorphism was strongly associated with an increased risk of PAD (p = 5.1 × 10-6), whereas rs1902341 did not show an association with disease risk. The rs1051730 polymorphism was associated with increased plasma levels of LDL cholesterol (p = 0.001), and conferred a greater risk of PAD in cigarette smokers than in nonsmokers (p < 0.01). Interestingly, the rs1902341T allele was associated with an increased risk of PAD in smokers and a decreased disease risk in nonsmokers. SNPs and CS were both linked to unilateral and/or bilateral atherosclerotic lesions of peripheral vessels, as well as the abdominal aorta, coronary, and cerebral arteries. The studied polymorphisms exert pleiotropic and cigarette smoking-mediated effects on atherosclerotic lesions of different arterial beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Zhabin
- Department of Surgical Diseases №1, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Victor Lazarenko
- Department of Surgical Diseases of Institute of Continuing Education, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Iuliia Azarova
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russia
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Elena Klyosova
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Marina Bykanova
- Laboratory of Genomic Research, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Svetlana Chernousova
- Department of Surgical Diseases №1, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Daniil Bashkatov
- Department of Surgical Diseases №1, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Gneeva
- Department of Surgical Diseases №1, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Anna Polonikova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Mikhail Churnosov
- Department of Medical Biological Disciplines, Belgorod State University, 85 Pobedy Street, Belgorod 308015, Russia
| | - Maria Solodilova
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russia
| | - Alexey Polonikov
- Department of Biology, Medical Genetics and Ecology, Kursk State Medical University, 3 Karl Marx Street, Kursk 305041, Russia
- Laboratory of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Research Institute for Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology, Kursk State Medical University, 18 Yamskaya St., Kursk 305041, Russia
- Correspondence:
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5
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Biernacka JM, Coombes BJ, Batzler A, Ho AMC, Geske JR, Frank J, Hodgkinson C, Skime M, Colby C, Zillich L, Pozsonyiova S, Ho MF, Kiefer F, Rietschel M, Weinshilboum R, O’Malley SS, Mann K, Anton R, Goldman D, Karpyak VM. Genetic contributions to alcohol use disorder treatment outcomes: a genome-wide pharmacogenomics study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2132-2139. [PMID: 34302059 PMCID: PMC8505452 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Naltrexone can aid in reducing alcohol consumption, while acamprosate supports abstinence; however, not all patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) benefit from these treatments. Here we present the first genome-wide association study of AUD treatment outcomes based on data from the COMBINE and PREDICT studies of acamprosate and naltrexone, and the Mayo Clinic CITA study of acamprosate. Primary analyses focused on treatment outcomes regardless of pharmacological intervention and were followed by drug-stratified analyses to identify treatment-specific pharmacogenomic predictors of acamprosate and naltrexone response. Treatment outcomes were defined as: (1) time until relapse to any drinking (TR) and (2) time until relapse to heavy drinking (THR; ≥ 5 drinks for men, ≥4 drinks for women in a day), during the first 3 months of treatment. Analyses were performed within each dataset, followed by meta-analysis across the studies (N = 1083 European ancestry participants). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BRE gene were associated with THR (min p = 1.6E-8) in the entire sample, while two intergenic SNPs were associated with medication-specific outcomes (naltrexone THR: rs12749274, p = 3.9E-8; acamprosate TR: rs77583603, p = 3.1E-9). The top association signal for TR (p = 7.7E-8) and second strongest signal in the THR (p = 6.1E-8) analysis of naltrexone-treated patients maps to PTPRD, a gene previously implicated in addiction phenotypes in human and animal studies. Leave-one-out polygenic risk score analyses showed significant associations with TR (p = 3.7E-4) and THR (p = 2.6E-4). This study provides the first evidence of a polygenic effect on AUD treatment response, and identifies genetic variants associated with potentially medication-specific effects on AUD treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Biernacka
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Brandon J. Coombes
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Ada Man-Choi Ho
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Jennifer R. Geske
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Josef Frank
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Michelle Skime
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Colin Colby
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Lea Zillich
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sofia Pozsonyiova
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Ming-Fen Ho
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Karl Mann
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ray Anton
- grid.259828.c0000 0001 2189 3475Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - David Goldman
- grid.420085.b0000 0004 0481 4802National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
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Adjangba C, Border R, Romero Villela PN, Ehringer MA, Evans LM. Little Evidence of Modified Genetic Effect of rs16969968 on Heavy Smoking Based on Age of Onset of Smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1055-1063. [PMID: 33165565 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is the leading cause of preventable death globally. Smoking quantity, measured in cigarettes per day, is influenced both by the age of onset of regular smoking (AOS) and by genetic factors, including a strong effect of the nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism rs16969968. A previous study by Hartz et al. reported an interaction between these two factors, whereby rs16969968 risk allele carriers who started smoking earlier showed increased risk for heavy smoking compared with those who started later. This finding has yet to be replicated in a large, independent sample. METHODS We performed a preregistered, direct replication attempt of the rs16969968 × AOS interaction on smoking quantity in 128 383 unrelated individuals from the UK Biobank, meta-analyzed across ancestry groups. We fit statistical association models mirroring the original publication as well as formal interaction tests on multiple phenotypic and analytical scales. RESULTS We replicated the main effects of rs16969968 and AOS on cigarettes per day but failed to replicate the interaction using previous methods. Nominal significance of the rs16969968 × AOS interaction term depended strongly on the scale of analysis and the particular phenotype, as did associations stratified by early/late AOS. No interaction tests passed genome-wide correction (α = 5e-8), and all estimated interaction effect sizes were much smaller in magnitude than previous estimates. CONCLUSIONS We failed to replicate the strong rs16969968 × AOS interaction effect previously reported. If such gene-moderator interactions influence complex traits, they likely depend on scale of measurement, and current biobanks lack the power to detect significant genome-wide associations given the minute effect sizes expected. IMPLICATIONS We failed to replicate the strong rs16969968 × AOS interaction effect on smoking quantity previously reported. If such gene-moderator interactions influence complex traits, current biobanks lack the power to detect significant genome-wide associations given the minute effect sizes expected. Furthermore, many potential interaction effects are likely to depend on the scale of measurement employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Adjangba
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Richard Border
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO.,Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Pamela N Romero Villela
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO.,Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Marissa A Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO.,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Luke M Evans
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO
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7
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Sanyal N, Napolioni V, de Rochemonteix M, Belloy ME, Caporaso NE, Landi MT, Greicius MD, Chatterjee N, Han SS. A Robust Test for Additive Gene-Environment Interaction Under the Trend Effect of Genotype Using an Empirical Bayes-Type Shrinkage Estimator. Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:1948-1960. [PMID: 33942053 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating gene by environment (G × E) interaction under an additive risk model (i.e., additive interaction) has gained wider attention. Recently, statistical tests have been proposed for detecting additive interaction, utilizing an assumption on gene-environment (G-E) independence to boost power, that do not rely on restrictive genetic models such as dominant or recessive models. However, a major limitation of these methods is a sharp increase in type I error when this assumption is violated. Our goal was to develop a robust test for additive G × E interaction under the trend effect of genotype, applying an empirical Bayes-type shrinkage estimator of the relative excess risk due to interaction. The proposed method uses a set of constraints to impose the trend effect of genotype and builds an estimator that data-adaptively shrinks an estimator of relative excess risk due to interaction obtained under a general model for G-E dependence using a retrospective likelihood framework. Numerical study under varying levels of departures from G-E independence shows that the proposed method is robust against the violation of the independence assumption while providing an adequate balance between bias and efficiency compared with existing methods. We applied the proposed method to the genetic data of Alzheimer disease and lung cancer.
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8
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Sánchez-Romero LM, Zavala-Arciniega L, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, de Miera-Juárez BS, Yuan Z, Li Y, Lau YK, Fleischer NL, Meza R, Thrasher JF, Levy DT. The Mexico SimSmoke tobacco control policy model: Development of a simulation model of daily and nondaily cigarette smoking. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248215. [PMID: 34153063 PMCID: PMC8216521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nondaily smoking has been on the rise, especially in Mexico. While Mexico has strengthened its tobacco control policies, their effects on nondaily smokers have gone largely unexamined. We developed a simulation model to estimate the impact of tobacco control policies on daily and nondaily smoking in Mexico. METHODS A previously validated Mexico SimSmoke model that estimated overall trends in smoking prevalence from 2002 through 2013 was extended to 2018 and adapted to distinguish daily and nondaily smoking prevalence. The model was then validated using data from Mexican surveys through 2016. To gauge the potential effects of policies, we compared the trends in smoking under current policies with trends from policies kept at their 2002 levels. RESULTS Between 2002 and 2016, Mexico SimSmoke underestimated the reduction in male and female daily smoking rates. For nondaily smoking, SimSmoke predicted a decline among both males and females, while survey rates showed increasing rates in both genders, primarily among ages 15-44. Of the total reduction in smoking rates predicted by the model by 2018, tax policies account for more than 55%, followed by health warnings, cessation treatment, smoke-free air laws, and tobacco control spending. CONCLUSIONS Although Mexico SimSmoke did not successfully explain trends in daily and nondaily smoking, it helps to identify gaps in surveillance and policy evaluation for nondaily smokers. Future research should consider appropriate measures of nondaily smoking prevalence, trajectories between daily and nondaily smoking, and the separate impact of tobacco control policies on each group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Sánchez-Romero
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Luis Zavala-Arciniega
- Tobacco Research Department, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | | | - Zhe Yuan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yameng Li
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yan Kwan Lau
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nancy L. Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James F. Thrasher
- Tobacco Research Department, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, México
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - David T. Levy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Zavala VA, Bracci PM, Carethers JM, Carvajal-Carmona L, Coggins NB, Cruz-Correa MR, Davis M, de Smith AJ, Dutil J, Figueiredo JC, Fox R, Graves KD, Gomez SL, Llera A, Neuhausen SL, Newman L, Nguyen T, Palmer JR, Palmer NR, Pérez-Stable EJ, Piawah S, Rodriquez EJ, Sanabria-Salas MC, Schmit SL, Serrano-Gomez SJ, Stern MC, Weitzel J, Yang JJ, Zabaleta J, Ziv E, Fejerman L. Cancer health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:315-332. [PMID: 32901135 PMCID: PMC7852513 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are well-established disparities in cancer incidence and outcomes by race/ethnicity that result from the interplay between structural, socioeconomic, socio-environmental, behavioural and biological factors. However, large research studies designed to investigate factors contributing to cancer aetiology and progression have mainly focused on populations of European origin. The limitations in clinicopathological and genetic data, as well as the reduced availability of biospecimens from diverse populations, contribute to the knowledge gap and have the potential to widen cancer health disparities. In this review, we summarise reported disparities and associated factors in the United States of America (USA) for the most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and colon), and for a subset of other cancers that highlight the complexity of disparities (gastric, liver, pancreas and leukaemia). We focus on populations commonly identified and referred to as racial/ethnic minorities in the USA-African Americans/Blacks, American Indians and Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders and Hispanics/Latinos. We conclude that even though substantial progress has been made in understanding the factors underlying cancer health disparities, marked inequities persist. Additional efforts are needed to include participants from diverse populations in the research of cancer aetiology, biology and treatment. Furthermore, to eliminate cancer health disparities, it will be necessary to facilitate access to, and utilisation of, health services to all individuals, and to address structural inequities, including racism, that disproportionally affect racial/ethnic minorities in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina A Zavala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paige M Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John M Carethers
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Human Genetics, and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luis Carvajal-Carmona
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Marcia R Cruz-Correa
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Melissa Davis
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam J de Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julie Dutil
- Cancer Biology Division, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rena Fox
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kristi D Graves
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Scarlett Lin Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Llera
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular, IIBBA, Fundación Instituto Leloir, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Newman
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Interdisciplinary Breast Program, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nynikka R Palmer
- Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sorbarikor Piawah
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erik J Rodriquez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Stephanie L Schmit
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Silvia J Serrano-Gomez
- Grupo de investigación en biología del cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mariana C Stern
- Departments of Preventive Medicine and Urology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Weitzel
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center LSUHSC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Fejerman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Zavala-Arciniega L, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Levy DT, Lau YK, Meza R, Gutiérrez-Torres DS, Arillo-Santillán E, Fleischer NL, Thrasher J. Smoking trends in Mexico, 2002-2016: before and after the ratification of the WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Tob Control 2020; 29:687-691. [PMID: 32019893 PMCID: PMC7398822 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mexico was the first Latin American country to ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) in 2004, after which it implemented some key FCTC policies (e.g., taxes, smoke-free, pictorial warnings and ad bans). This study assessed trends in the prevalence of current, daily and non-daily smoking in Mexico before and after the implementation of key FCTC policies. METHODS Data were analysed from two comparable, nationally representative surveys (i.e., the National Survey on Addictions 2002, 2011 and 2016, and the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2009 and 2015). The pooled sample comprised 100 302 persons aged 15-65 years. Changes in the prevalence of current, daily and non-daily smoking were assessed. RESULTS From 2002 to 2016, the prevalence of current smoking fell 11% in relative terms (from 21.5% to 19.0%). The decrease was registered between 2002 and 2009, and after that, a slight increase was observed (from 16.5% in 2009 to 19% in 2016). The prevalence of daily smoking decreased by about 50% between 2002 and 2016 (from 13.5% to 7.0%) with most of the decrease occurring by 2009. Conversely, the prevalence of non-daily smoking increased by 35% between 2009 and 2016 (from 8.8% to 11.9%). CONCLUSIONS Full implementation of the FCTC is necessary to further reduce smoking. Specific interventions may be needed to target non-daily smokers, who now comprise more than half of current smokers in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Zavala-Arciniega
- Departamento de Investigación sobre Tabaco, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Luz Myriam Reynales-Shigematsu
- Departamento de Investigación sobre Tabaco, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Tobacco Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - David T Levy
- Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Yan Kwan Lau
- Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rafael Meza
- Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daniela Sarahí Gutiérrez-Torres
- Departamento de Investigación sobre Tabaco, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Edna Arillo-Santillán
- Departamento de Investigación sobre Tabaco, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - James Thrasher
- Health Promotion, Education, & Behavior, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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11
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Bonilla C, Novaes Baccarini L. Genetic Epidemiology in Latin America: Identifying Strong Genetic Proxies for Complex Disease Risk Factors. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E507. [PMID: 32375401 PMCID: PMC7288659 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiology seeks to determine the causal effects of exposures on outcomes related to the health and wellbeing of populations. Observational studies, one of the most commonly used designs in epidemiology, can be biased due to confounding and reverse causation, which makes it difficult to establish causal relationships. In recent times, genetically informed methods, like Mendelian randomization (MR), have been developed in an attempt to overcome these disadvantages. MR relies on the association of genetic variants with outcomes of interest, where the genetic variants are proxies or instruments for modifiable exposures. Because genotypes are sorted independently and at random at the time of conception, they are less prone to confounding and reverse causation. Implementation of MR depends on, among other things, a strong association of the genetic variants with the exposure, which has usually been defined via genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Because GWAS have been most often carried out in European populations, the limited identification of strong instruments in other populations poses a major problem for the application of MR in Latin America. We suggest potential solutions that can be realized with the resources at hand and others that will have to wait for increased funding and access to technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bonilla
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246, Brazil
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12
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Aroche AP, Rovaris DL, Grevet EH, Stolf AR, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Kessler FHP, von Diemen L, Grassi-Oliveira R, Bau CHD, Schuch JB. Association of CHRNA5 Gene Variants with Crack Cocaine Addiction. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 22:384-390. [PMID: 32152934 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide studies provide increasing evidence of association of genetic variants with different behaviors. However, there is a growing need for replication and subsequent characterization of specific findings. In this sense, the CHRNA5 gene has been associated with nicotine (with genome-wide significance), alcohol and cocaine addictions. So far, this gene has not been evaluated in smoked (crack) cocaine. We aimed to analyze the influence of CHRNA5 variants in crack addiction susceptibility and severity. The sample includes 300 crack-addicted patients and 769 non-addicted individuals. The CHRNA5 SNPs evaluated were rs588765, rs16969968, and rs514743. Homozygosity for rs16969968 and rs588765 major alleles was nominally associated with a risk to crack addiction (GG, P = 0.032; CC, P = 0.036, respectively). Haplotype analyses reveal significant associations (rs588765|rs16969968|rs514743 pglobal-corrected = 7.66 × 10-5) and suggest a substantial role for rs16969968. These findings corroborate previous reports in cocaine addiction-in line with the expected effects of cocaine in the cholinergic system-and in the opposite direction of significant GWAS findings for nicotine addiction susceptibility. These results are strengthened by the first report of an association of rs588765 with crack addiction and by the haplotype findings. In summary, our study highlights the relevance of the α5 subunit on crack cocaine addiction, replicating previous results relating CHRNA5 with the genetics and pathophysiology of addiction of different drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelita P Aroche
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diego L Rovaris
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,ADHD Outpatient Program, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anderson R Stolf
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Breno Sanvicente-Vieira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Felix H P Kessler
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lisia von Diemen
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Biomedical Research Institute, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline B Schuch
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Ohi K, Kuwata A, Shimada T, Kataoka Y, Yasuyama T, Uehara T, Kawasaki Y. Genome-Wide Variants Shared Between Smoking Quantity and Schizophrenia on 15q25 Are Associated With CHRNA5 Expression in the Brain. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:813-823. [PMID: 30202994 PMCID: PMC6581148 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smokers with schizophrenia consume more cigarettes than smokers in the general population. Schizophrenia and smoking quantity may have shared genetic liability. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of schizophrenia and smoking quantity have highlighted a biological pleiotropy in which a robust 15q25 locus affects both traits. To identify the genetic variants shared between these traits on 15q25, we used summary statistics from large-scale GWAS meta-analyses of schizophrenia in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium 2 and smoking quantity assessed by cigarettes smoked per day in the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium. To evaluate the regulatory potential of the shared genetic variants, expression quantitative trait loci analysis in 10 postmortem brain regions was performed using the BRAINEAC dataset in 134 neuropathologically normal individuals. Twenty-two genetic variants on 15q25 were associated with both smoking quantity and schizophrenia at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5.00 × 10-8). Major alleles of all variants were associated with higher smoking quantity and risk of schizophrenia. These genetic variants were associated with PSMA4, CHRNA3, and CHRNB4 expression in specific brain regions (lowest P = 4.81 × 10-4) and with CHRNA5 expression in multiple brain regions (lowest P = 8.70 × 10-6). Risk-associated major alleles of these variants were commonly associated with higher expression in several brain regions, excluding the medulla, at the transcript level. In addition, the risk-associated major allele at rs637137 was associated with higher CHRNA5 expression at the specific exon level in multiple brain regions (lowest P = 2.37 × 10-5). Our findings suggest that genome-wide variants shared between smoking quantity and schizophrenia contribute to a common pathophysiology underlying these traits involving altered CHRNA5 expression in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan,Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; tel: +81-76-286-2211, fax: +81-76-286-3341, e-mail:
| | - Aki Kuwata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Shimada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kataoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yasuyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Uehara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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14
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Berg CJ, Fong GT, Thrasher JF, Cohen JE, Maziak W, Lando H, Drope J, Mejia R, Barnoya J, Nakkash R, Salloum RG, Parascandola M. The impact and relevance of tobacco control research in low-and middle-income countries globally and to the US. Addict Behav 2018; 87:162-168. [PMID: 30041132 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
International and cross-cultural research is critical for understanding multilevel influences on health, health behaviors, and disease. A particularly relevant area of need for such research is tobacco control. The tobacco epidemic is one of the biggest public health threats globally, killing over 7 million people a year. Research critical to addressing this public health problem has leveraged variability in tobacco use, history, product market, and policies across different countries, settings, and populations, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the tobacco burden is increasing. These efforts are needed in order to advance the science and inform practice and policy in various settings, including the US. Several funding agencies provide support for international research focused on tobacco control in LMICs because of the importance and implications of such research. This paper provides some concrete examples of how such research has advanced our knowledge-base and informed practice and policy globally, particularly in high-income countries including the US. Some prominent themes emphasized in this manuscript include: the development of knowledge regarding the diverse tobacco products on the market; better understanding of tobacco use and its impact among different populations; generating knowledge about the impacts including unintended consequences of tobacco control policy interventions; and better understanding tobacco industry strategies and informing advocacy efforts. In summary, international tobacco control research, particularly in LMICs, is critical in effectively and efficiently building the evidence base to advance tobacco control research, policy, and practice globally, including the US, with the ultimate goal of curbing the tobacco epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Berg
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
| | - Geoffrey T Fong
- Department of Psychology and School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L G1 Canada, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, United States; Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Joanna E Cohen
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 2213 McElderry Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
| | - Wasim Maziak
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8h Street, AHC5 505, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
| | - Harry Lando
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 South Second Street, Minneapolis, MN 55454, United States.
| | - Jeffrey Drope
- Department of Economic and Health Policy Research, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, Atlanta, GA, 30303, United States.
| | - Raul Mejia
- Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad, Sánchez de Bustamante 27, C1173AAA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Joaquin Barnoya
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MS 63110, United States.
| | - Rima Nakkash
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, American University of Beirut, PO, Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
| | - Mark Parascandola
- Tobacco Control Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
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15
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Bergen AW. Biomarkers for Tobacco Exposures, Toxicology, Regulation, and Cessation. Nicotine Tob Res 2018; 20:401-402. [PMID: 29342303 PMCID: PMC7207064 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Bergen
- BioRealm, LLC, Culver City, CA.,Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the advent of the genome-wide association study (GWAS), our understanding of the genetics of addiction has made significant strides forward. Here, we summarize genetic loci containing variants identified at genome-wide statistical significance (P < 5 × 10-8) and independently replicated, review evidence of functional or regulatory effects for GWAS-identified variants, and outline multi-omics approaches to enhance discovery and characterize addiction loci. RECENT FINDINGS Replicable GWAS findings span 11 genetic loci for smoking, eight loci for alcohol, and two loci for illicit drugs combined and include missense functional variants and noncoding variants with regulatory effects in human brain tissues traditionally viewed as addiction-relevant (e.g., prefrontal cortex [PFC]) and, more recently, tissues often overlooked (e.g., cerebellum). GWAS analyses have discovered several novel, replicable variants contributing to addiction. Using larger sample sizes from harmonized datasets and new approaches to integrate GWAS with multiple 'omics data across human brain tissues holds great promise to significantly advance our understanding of the biology underlying addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B Hancock
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, P. O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Christina A Markunas
- Behavioral and Urban Health Program, Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, P. O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- Fellow Program and Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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17
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Prom-Wormley EC, Ebejer J, Dick DM, Bowers MS. The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:241-259. [PMID: 28938182 PMCID: PMC5911369 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorder (SUD) remains a significant public health issue. A greater understanding of how genes and environment interact to regulate phenotypes comprising SUD will facilitate directed treatments and prevention. METHODS The literature studying the neurobiological correlates of SUD with a focus on the genetic and environmental influences underlying these mechanisms was reviewed. Results from twin/family, human genetic association, gene-environment interaction, epigenetic literature, phenome-wide association studies are summarized for alcohol, nicotine, cannabinoids, cocaine, and opioids. RESULTS There are substantial genetic influences on SUD that are expected to influence multiple neurotransmission pathways, and these influences are particularly important within the dopaminergic system. Genetic influences involved in other aspects of SUD etiology including drug processing and metabolism are also identified. Studies of gene-environment interaction emphasize the importance of environmental context in SUD. Epigenetic studies indicate drug-specific changes in gene expression as well as differences in gene expression related to the use of multiple substances. Further, gene expression is expected to differ by stage of SUD such as substance initiation versus chronic substance use. While a substantial literature has developed for alcohol and nicotine use disorders, there is comparatively less information for other commonly abused substances. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of genetically-mediated mechanisms involved in the neurobiology of SUD provides increased opportunity to develop behavioral and biologically based treatment and prevention of SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Prom-Wormley
- Dvision of Epidemiology, Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980212, Richmond, VA 23298-0212, USA.
| | - Jane Ebejer
- School of Cognitive Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 842509, Richmond, VA 23284-2509, USA
| | - M Scott Bowers
- Faulk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Biomedical Engeneering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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