1
|
Deane CS, Cox J, Atherton PJ. Critical variables regulating age-related anabolic responses to protein nutrition in skeletal muscle. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1419229. [PMID: 39166128 PMCID: PMC11333332 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1419229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein nutrition is critical for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass across the lifecourse and for the growth of muscle in response to resistance exercise - both acting via the stimulation of protein synthesis. The transient anabolic response to protein feeding may vary in magnitude and duration, depending on, e.g., timing, dose, amino acid composition and delivery mode, which are in turn influenced by physical activity and age. This review aims to: (i) summarise the fundamental metabolic responses of muscle to protein feeding, (ii) discuss key variables regulating muscle anabolic responses to protein feeding, and (iii) explore how these variables can be optimised for muscle anabolism in response to physical activity and ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S. Deane
- Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Cox
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology, MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Medical School, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing & Physiology, MRC/Versus Arthritis Centre of Excellence for Musculoskeletal Research, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Medical School, Derby, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan Advanced Research Academy (RARA), Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
French C, Burden S, Stanmore E. Digital Intervention (Keep-On-Keep-Up Nutrition) to Improve Nutrition in Older Adults: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e50922. [PMID: 38687981 PMCID: PMC11094602 DOI: 10.2196/50922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital health tools can support behavior change and allow interventions to be scalable at a minimal cost. Keep-on-Keep-up Nutrition (KOKU-Nut) is a free, tablet-based app that focuses on increasing physical activity and improving the dietary intake of older adults based on UK guidelines. The intervention targets an important research area identified as a research priority reported by the James Lind Alliance priority setting partnership for malnutrition. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the feasibility of using the digital health tool KOKU-Nut among community-dwelling older adults to inform a future randomized controlled trial. The secondary aims are to determine the acceptability, usability, preliminary effect sizes, and safety of the study and the intervention (KOKU-Nut). METHODS This is a feasibility randomized controlled trial. We plan to recruit a total of 36 community-dwelling older adults using purposive sampling. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group will be asked to engage with KOKU-Nut 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Participants in the control group will receive a leaflet promoting a healthy lifestyle. All study participants will complete questionnaires at baseline and the end of the 12 weeks. A sample of participants will be asked to participate in an optional interview. The study will collect a range of data including anthropometry (height and weight), dietary intake (3-day food diary), physical function (grip strength and 5-times sit-to-stand), perceived quality of life (EQ-5D), usability (System Usability Scale), and safety (adverse events). RESULTS Data collection commenced in March 2024, and the results will be ready for publication by January 2025. Feasibility will be determined on the basis of participants' self-reported engagement with the intervention, and recruitment and retention rates and will be summarized descriptively. We will also consider the amount of missing data and assess how outcomes are related to group assignment. Acceptability will be measured using the modified treatment evaluation inventory and one-to-one semistructured interviews. Transcripts from the interviews will be analyzed using NVivo (version 12; QSR International) software using framework analysis to understand any barriers to the recruitment process, the suitability of the assessment measures, and the acceptability of the intervention and study design. CONCLUSIONS The study aligns with guidelines developed by the Medical Research Council for developing a complex intervention by using qualitative and quantitative research to examine the barriers of the intervention and identify potential challenges around recruitment and retention. We anticipate that these results will inform the development of a future powered randomized controlled design trial to test the true effectiveness of KOKU-Nut. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05943366; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05943366. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/50922.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe French
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sorrel Burden
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stanmore
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Homolak J, Babic Perhoc A, Virag D, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. D-galactose might mediate some of the skeletal muscle hypertrophy-promoting effects of milk-A nutrient to consider for sarcopenia? Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300061. [PMID: 38058119 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a process of progressive aging-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) recognized as a serious global health issue contributing to frailty and increased all-cause mortality. Exercise and nutritional interventions (particularly intake of dairy products and milk) demonstrate good efficacy, safety, and broad applicability. Here, we propose that at least some of the well-documented favorable effects of milk and milk-derived protein supplements on SMM might be mediated by D-galactose, a monosaccharide present in large quantities in milk in the form of disaccharide lactose (milk sugar). We suggest that ingestion of dairy products results in exposure to D-galactose in concentrations metabolized primarily via the Leloir pathway with the potential to (i) promote anabolic signaling via maintenance of growth factor (e.g., insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) receptor mature glycosylation patterns; and (ii) provide extracellular (liver glycogen) and intracellular substrates for short (muscle glycolysis) and long-term (muscle glycogen, intramyocellular lipids) energy availability. Additionally, D-galactose might optimize the metabolic function of skeletal muscles by increasing mitochondrial content and stimulating glucose and fatty acid utilization. The proposed potential of D-galactose to promote the accretion of SMM is discussed in the context of its therapeutic potential in sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villani A. Lifestyle Strategies for the Management of Obesity in Older Adults: From Controversies to Alternative Interventions. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102107. [PMID: 36292554 PMCID: PMC9602317 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in infection control, management of chronic diseases and impressive advancements in modern medicine have all contributed to increases in life expectancy [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Villani
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pasdar Y, Moradi S, Saedi S, Moradinazar M, Rahmani N, Hamzeh B, Najafi F. Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet in relation to age-associated poor muscle strength; a cross-sectional study from the Kurdish cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11866. [PMID: 35831466 PMCID: PMC9279400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet is an eating pattern associated with multiple health benefits, including the conservation of skeletal muscle. The Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is the most frequently used indicator of muscle functional capacity and muscle strength for clinical purposes. The current study aims to investigate the association between adherence to MIND diet and prevention of age-associated decline in muscle strength among the Kurdish population in Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed using data from Ravansar non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study on 3181 adults (48.5% men) aged 35–65 years. The dietary intake of the studied participants was assessed using a 114-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed by RaNCD cohort study. The MIND diet and the major dietary patterns were identified based on the participants’ dietary intake and three dietary patterns emerged including plant-based diet, high protein diet, and unhealthy diet. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a hand-held hydraulic handgrip dynamometer and poor HGS was defined as HGS less than 32.8 and 20.5 kg in men and women, respectively. Compared with participants in the lowest category of MIND diet, those in the highest category had lower odds of poor HGS (OR: 0.65; CI 95%: 0.51–0.83). Furthermore, participants who were in third tertiles of plant-based and high protein diet were more likely 37% and 33% lower odds ratio of poor HGS (OR: 0.63; CI 95%: 0.5–0.79), (OR: 0.67; CI 95%: 0.54–0.84), respectively. On the other hand, greater adherence to the unhealthy diet was increased odds of poor HGS (OR: 1.39; CI 95%: 1.11–1.74). Overall, our findings suggest that adherence to the MIND diet and high protein diet may be associated with higher HGS, while adherence to the unhealthy diet can increase the odds of age-associated poor HGS in the Kurdish population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Pasdar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saman Saedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Moradinazar
- Behavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Rahmani
- Julius Maximillian University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Behrooz Hamzeh
- Environmental Determinates of Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- School of Public Health, Communing Developmental and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Griffen C, Renshaw D, Duncan M, Weickert MO, Hattersley J. Changes in 24-h energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and body composition following resistance exercise and a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation in healthy older men. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15268. [PMID: 37815091 PMCID: PMC9332127 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in 24-h energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation, and body composition following resistance exercise (RE) and a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation (alone and combined) in healthy older men. METHODS In a pooled groups analysis, 33 healthy older men [(mean ± SE) age: 67 ± 1 years; BMI: 25.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2] were randomized to either RE (2×/week; n = 17) or non-exercise (n = 16) and either a high protein diet via whey protein supplementation (PRO, 2 × 25 g whey protein isolate/d; n = 17) or control (CON, 2 × 23.75 g maltodextrin/d; n = 16). An exploratory sub-analysis was also conducted between RE+CON (n = 8) and RE+PRO (n = 9). At baseline and 12 weeks, participants resided in respiration chambers for measurement of 24-h EE and substrate oxidation and wore an accelerometer for 7 days for estimation of free-living EE. RESULTS Resistance exercise resulted in greater increases in fat-free mass (1.0 ± 0.3 kg), resting metabolic rate [(RMR) 36 ± 14 kcal/d], sedentary EE (60 ± 33 kcal/d), and sleeping metabolic rate [(SMR) 45 ± 7 kcal/d] compared to non-exercise (p < 0.05); however, RE decreased activity energy expenditure in free-living (-90 ± 25 kcal/d; p = 0.049) and non-exercise activity inside the respiration chamber (-1.9 ± 1.1%; p = 0.049). PRO decreased fat mass [(FM) -0.5 ± 0.3 kg], increased overnight protein oxidation (30 ± 6 g/d), and decreased 24-h protein balance (-20 ± 4 g/d) greater than CON (p < 0.05). RE+PRO decreased FM (-1.0 ± 0.5 kg) greater than RE+CON (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Resistance exercise significantly increased RMR, SMR, and sedentary EE in healthy older men, but not total EE. PRO alone and combined with RE decreased FM and aided body weight maintenance. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03299972.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corbin Griffen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Human Metabolism Research UnitUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
| | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Michael Duncan
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Health and Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - John Hattersley
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life SciencesResearch Institute for Health and WellbeingCoventry UniversityCoventryUK
- Human Metabolism Research UnitUniversity Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventryUK
- School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee MC, Hsu YJ, Wu FY, Huang CC, Li HY, Chen WC. Isolated Soy Protein Supplementation Combined With Resistance Training Improves Muscle Strength, Mass, and Physical Performance of Aging Female Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:893352. [PMID: 35721547 PMCID: PMC9204525 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.893352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Purpose: In recent years, the aging population has gradually increased, and the aging process is accompanied by health-associated problems, such as loss of muscle mass and weakness. Therefore, it is important to explore alternative strategies for improving the health status and physical fitness of the aged population. In this study, we investigated the effect of soy protein supplementation combined with resistance training on changes in the muscle mass, muscle strength, and functional activity performance of aging mice. Methods: Female Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): sedentary control (SC), isolated soy protein (ISP) supplementation, resistance training (RT), and a combination of ISP and RT (ISP + RT). The mice in designated groups received oral ISP supplementation (0.123 g/kg/day), RT (5 days/week for a period of 4 weeks), or a combination of both ISP plus RT for 4 weeks. Afterward, we assessed muscle strength, endurance, and anaerobic endurance performance and analyzed blood biochemical and pathological tissue sections to investigate whether there were adverse effects or not in mice. Results: ISP supplementation effectively improved the muscle mass, muscle endurance, and endurance performance of aging female mice. The RT group not only showed similar results with ISP but also increased muscle strength and glycogen content. Nevertheless, the combination of ISP supplementation and RT had greater beneficial effects on muscle strength, physical performance, and glycogen levels (p < 0.05). In addition, the combination of ISP supplementation and RT had significantly increased type II muscle percentage and cross-sectional area (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although ISP or RT alone improved muscle mass and performance, the combination of ISP with RT showed greater beneficial effects in aging mice. Our findings suggest that regular exercise along with protein supplementation could be an effective strategy to improve overall health and physical fitness among the elderly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yu Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chyuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ramadas A, Law HH, Krishnamoorthy R, Ku JWS, Mohanty P, Lim MZC, Shyam S. Diet Quality and Measures of Sarcopenia in Developing Economies: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040868. [PMID: 35215518 PMCID: PMC8874949 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia refers to common age-related changes characterised by loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical performance that results in physical disability, poorer health status, and higher mortality in older adults. Diet quality is indicated as a potentially modifiable risk factor for sarcopenia. However, the association between diet quality and sarcopenia in developing economies appears to be conflicting. Hence, we conducted a systematic review of the literature from developing economies examining the relationship between diet quality and at least one of the three components of sarcopenia, including muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance, and the overall risk of sarcopenia. No restrictions on age and study design were employed. We identified 15 studies that met review inclusion criteria. There was heterogeneity among the studies in the diet quality metric used and sarcopenia-related outcomes evaluated. Longitudinal evidence and studies relating diet quality to a holistic definition of sarcopenia were lacking. Although limited and predominantly cross-sectional, the evidence consistently showed that diet quality defined by diversity and nutrient adequacy was positively associated with sarcopenia components, such as muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amutha Ramadas
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.R.); (H.H.L.); (J.W.S.K.); (M.Z.C.L.)
| | - Hian Hui Law
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.R.); (H.H.L.); (J.W.S.K.); (M.Z.C.L.)
| | - Raanita Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Jordan Wei Shan Ku
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.R.); (H.H.L.); (J.W.S.K.); (M.Z.C.L.)
| | - Parimala Mohanty
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), K8 Lane, Kalinganagar, Bhubaneswar 751003, India;
| | - Matteus Zhen Chien Lim
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (A.R.); (H.H.L.); (J.W.S.K.); (M.Z.C.L.)
| | - Sangeetha Shyam
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Translational Research, IMU Institute for Research and Development (IRDI), International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
[Nutritional labeling and amino acid profile in high protein Chilean dairy products: a new alternative for health and sports]. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:1075-1087. [PMID: 34044575 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION protein is an essential nutrient that can be obtained through different food sources. In recent years, a growing development in the food industry of dairy products with higher protein content has emerged in the national market. Métodos: the present work analyzed the nutritional information, protein content, and amino acid profile of high protein yogurts. Five main brands of high-protein yogurt (PY) were selected, as was a sample of regular yogurt (RY), and one of whey protein isolate (WP), which underwent a proximal analysis and amino acid profile by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS it was observed that the protein content of the analyzed YP ranged between 7.2 and 15.1 g/portion, representing 6.8 % to 11 % of total content, twice the content of YBAT (3,4 %). Regarding carbohydrates and fats, these were found to range between 6.25 and 13.5 g/serving and 0.9 and 5.3 g/serving, respectively. Leucine content of the PY varied between 0.6 and 1.5 g/portion, which was higher than RY (0.3 g/portion) and lower than WP (2.2 g/portion). The sum of essential amino acids was found to be between 3 and 6.9 g/portion in PY, 1.7 in PY, and 8.5 in WP. DISCUSSION these results show that PYs are a good alternative to promote a correct protein intake, similar to proteins for sports use, so their recommendation could be useful to promote consumption in different populations according to their needs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Verreijen AM, van den Helder J, Streppel MT, Rotteveel I, Heman D, van Dronkelaar C, Memelink RG, Engberink MF, Visser M, Tieland M, Weijs PJM. A higher protein intake at breakfast and lunch is associated with a higher total daily protein intake in older adults: a post-hoc cross-sectional analysis of four randomised controlled trials. J Hum Nutr Diet 2021; 34:384-394. [PMID: 33190355 PMCID: PMC8048646 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A protein intake of 30-40 g per meal is suggested to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults and could therefore contribute to the prevention of sarcopenia. Protein intake at breakfast and lunch is often low and offers a great opportunity to improve daily protein intake. Protein, however, is known for its satiating effects. Therefore, we explored the association between the amount of protein intake at breakfast and lunch and total daily protein intake in older adults. METHODS Protein intake was assessed by a 3-day food record in 498 community dwelling older adults (≥55 years) participating different lifestyle interventions. Linear mixed model analysis was used to examine the association between protein intake at breakfast or lunch and total daily protein intake, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, study and total energy intake. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, a 10 g higher protein intake at breakfast was associated with a 3.2 g higher total daily protein intake (P = 0.008) for males and a 4.9 g (P < 0.001) higher total daily protein intake for females. A 10 g higher protein intake at lunch was associated with a 3.7 g higher total daily protein intake (P < 0.001) for males, and a 5.8 g higher total daily protein intake (P < 0.001) for females. CONCLUSIONS A higher protein intake at breakfast and lunch is associated with a higher total daily protein intake in community dwelling older adults. Stimulating a higher protein intake at breakfast and lunch might represent a promising nutritional strategy to optimise the amount of protein per meal without compromising total daily protein intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Verreijen
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. van den Helder
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. T. Streppel
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - I. Rotteveel
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - D. Heman
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - C. van Dronkelaar
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - R. G. Memelink
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. F. Engberink
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. Visser
- Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Health SciencesFaculty of ScienceVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. Tieland
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - P. J. M. Weijs
- Faculty of Sports and NutritionCenter of Expertise Urban VitalityAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsAmsterdam University Medical CentersVrije UniversiteitAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wallace MA, Aguirre NW, Marcotte GR, Marshall AG, Baehr LM, Hughes DC, Hamilton KL, Roberts MN, Lopez‐Dominguez JA, Miller BF, Ramsey JJ, Baar K. The ketogenic diet preserves skeletal muscle with aging in mice. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13322. [PMID: 33675103 PMCID: PMC8045940 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The causes of the decline in skeletal muscle mass and function with age, known as sarcopenia, are poorly understood. Nutrition (calorie restriction) interventions impact many cellular processes and increase lifespan and preserve muscle mass and function with age. As we previously observed an increase in life span and muscle function in aging mice on a ketogenic diet (KD), we aimed to investigate the effect of a KD on the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass with age and the potential molecular mechanisms of this action. Twelve‐month‐old mice were assigned to an isocaloric control or KD until 16 or 26 months of age, at which time skeletal muscle was collected for evaluating mass, morphology, and biochemical properties. Skeletal muscle mass was significantly greater at 26 months in the gastrocnemius of mice on the KD. This result in KD mice was associated with a shift in fiber type from type IIb to IIa fibers and a range of molecular parameters including increased markers of NMJ remodeling, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, and antioxidant capacity, while decreasing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, protein synthesis, and proteasome activity. Overall, this study shows the effectiveness of a long‐term KD in mitigating sarcopenia. The diet preferentially preserved oxidative muscle fibers and improved mitochondrial and antioxidant capacity. These adaptations may result in a healthier cellular environment, decreasing oxidative and ER stress resulting in less protein turnover. These shifts allow mice to better maintain muscle mass and function with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marita A. Wallace
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
- CellMet Performance Health Perth WA Australia
| | - Nicholas W. Aguirre
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - George R. Marcotte
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Leslie M. Baehr
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - David C. Hughes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - Megan N. Roberts
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA
| | | | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Keith Baar
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior University of California Davis CA USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology School of Medicine University of California Davis CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao Y, Cholewa J, Shang H, Yang Y, Ding X, Wang Q, Su Q, Zanchi NE, Xia Z. Advances in the Role of Leucine-Sensing in the Regulation of Protein Synthesis in Aging Skeletal Muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646482. [PMID: 33869199 PMCID: PMC8047301 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle anabolic resistance (i.e., the decrease in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in response to anabolic stimuli such as amino acids and exercise) has been identified as a major cause of age-related sarcopenia, to which blunted nutrition-sensing contributes. In recent years, it has been suggested that a leucine sensor may function as a rate-limiting factor in skeletal MPS via small-molecule GTPase. Leucine-sensing and response may therefore have important therapeutic potential in the steady regulation of protein metabolism in aging skeletal muscle. This paper systematically summarizes the three critical processes involved in the leucine-sensing and response process: (1) How the coincidence detector mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 localizes on the surface of lysosome and how its crucial upstream regulators Rheb and RagB/RagD interact to modulate the leucine response; (2) how complexes such as Ragulator, GATOR, FLCN, and TSC control the nucleotide loading state of Rheb and RagB/RagD to modulate their functional activity; and (3) how the identified leucine sensor leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LARS) and stress response protein 2 (Sestrin2) participate in the leucine-sensing process and the activation of RagB/RagD. Finally, we discuss the potential mechanistic role of exercise and its interactions with leucine-sensing and anabolic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Jason Cholewa
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Huayu Shang
- School of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueqin Yang
- Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ding
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Quansheng Su
- School of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nelo Eidy Zanchi
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís-MA, Brazil.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Skeletal Muscle (LABCEMME), São Luís-MA, Brazil
| | - Zhi Xia
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, College of Physical Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China.,School of Sport Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Protein Source and Muscle Health in Older Adults: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030743. [PMID: 33652669 PMCID: PMC7996767 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Research shows that higher dietary protein of up to 1.2 g/kgbodyweight/day may help prevent sarcopenia and maintain musculoskeletal health in older individuals. Achieving higher daily dietary protein levels is challenging, particularly for older adults with declining appetites and underlying health conditions. The negative impact of these limitations on aging muscle may be circumvented through the consumption of high-quality sources of protein and/or supplementation. Currently, there is a debate regarding whether source of protein differentially affects musculoskeletal health in older adults. Whey and soy protein have been used as the most common high-quality proteins in recent literature. However, there is growing consumer demand for additional plant-sourced dietary protein options. For example, pea protein is rapidly gaining popularity among consumers, despite little to no research regarding its long-term impact on muscle health. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to: (1) review current literature from the past decade evaluating whether specific source(s) of dietary protein provide maximum benefit to muscle health in older adults; and (2) highlight the need for future research specific to underrepresented plant protein sources, such as pea protein, to then provide clearer messaging surrounding plant-sourced versus animal-sourced protein and their effects on the aging musculoskeletal system.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dietary patterns and intrinsic capacity among community-dwelling older adults: a 3-year prospective cohort study. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3303-3313. [PMID: 33598774 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The WHO has proposed a novel model of healthy aging called intrinsic capacity (IC). However, the association between dietary patterns and IC is unclear. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations between dietary patterns and IC trajectories over a 3-year period in community-dwelling Japanese adults aged ≥ 60 years. METHODS A prospective cohort study which contained nutritional status, mental status, and physical function was used. A validated 34-item food frequency questionnaire was used to determine dietary intake and to derive five dietary patterns ("fruits and vegetables", "sugar and fat", "salt and pickles", "noodle and alcohol", and "protein-rich") using principal component analysis. The composite IC score was calculated as the mean of the locomotion Z-score, cognition Z-score, psychological Z-score, vitality Z-score, and sensory regression score. A generalized estimating equation was applied for longitudinal analysis. RESULTS A total of 666 enrollees were included in the analysis. The mean baseline IC was 0.07 ± 0.47. The "fruits and vegetables" dietary pattern was positively associated with composite IC score changes after adjusting for confounders (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.069], P = 0.019). Similarly, a positive correlation was observed for the "protein-rich" dietary pattern with the composite IC score changes (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.092], Q3 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.101], Q2 vs. Q1: mean difference [0.083]; all P < 0.01). However, adherence to the "sugar and fat" dietary pattern was negatively associated with composite IC score changes (Q4 vs. Q1: mean difference [- 0.072], P = 0.026). Furthermore, the percentage of animal protein to total protein intake showed a significant incremental trend in the "protein-rich" dietary pattern (P for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSION The "fruits and vegetables" and "protein-rich" (animal-based protein in particular) dietary patterns were positively associated with IC changes, whereas the "sugar and fat" dietary pattern was negatively associated with IC changes. Identification and promotion of healthy dietary patterns in older adults may inform future health policies and research.
Collapse
|
15
|
Daily Protein and Energy Intake Are Not Associated with Muscle Mass and Physical Function in Healthy Older Individuals-A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092794. [PMID: 32932629 PMCID: PMC7551652 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein has a pivotal role in muscle mass maintenance with advancing age. However, an optimal dose and distribution of protein intake across the day as well as the interaction with energy intake for the maintenance of muscle mass and physical function in healthy older adults remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between muscle mass, strength, and physical function, and the total amount and distribution of protein and energy intake across the day in healthy older individuals. The research question was addressed in a cross-sectional study including 184 Danish men and woman (age: 70.2 ± 3.9 years, body mass: 74.9 ± 12.1 kg, Body Mass Index (BMI): 25.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) where a 3-day dietary registration, muscle mass, strength, and functional measurements were collected. We found that neither daily total protein intake nor distribution throughout the day were associated with muscle mass, strength, or physical function. Consequently, we do not provide an incentive for healthy older Danish individuals who already adhere to the current internationally accepted recommended dietary protein intake (0.83 g/kg/day) to change dietary protein intake or its distribution pattern throughout the day.
Collapse
|
16
|
Askow AT, McKenna CF, Box AG, Khan NA, Petruzzello SJ, De Lisio M, Phillips SM, Burd NA. Of Sound Mind and Body: Exploring the Diet-Strength Interaction in Healthy Aging. Front Nutr 2020; 7:145. [PMID: 32984401 PMCID: PMC7485317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Strength is a vital component of healthy aging. However, “strength” comes in different forms (includes both physical and mental aspects) and can look different at various phases of adult life. Healthy eating and regular exercise are clearly important pillars for strength. This paper proposes a framework that underlines the value of protein foods and resistance exercise for aging strong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Askow
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Colleen F McKenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Allyson G Box
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Steven J Petruzzello
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Michael De Lisio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Myoprotective Whole Foods, Muscle Health and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Observational and Intervention Studies in Older Adults. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082257. [PMID: 32731580 PMCID: PMC7469021 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decline in skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) accelerates with age, leading to adverse health outcomes and poor quality of life. Diet plays a crucial role in muscle ageing being an important element of a healthy lifestyle. However, unlike single nutrients, such as dietary protein, or dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet, the relationship between individual whole foods and muscle health has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to investigate which whole foods (meat, fish, eggs, fruit and vegetables, and non-liquid dairy) may be beneficial (myoprotective) for ageing muscle and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 50 years. Nineteen observational and nine intervention studies were identified through systematic searches of the four electronic databases (last search: March 2020). The synthesis of findings showed strong and consistent evidence for a beneficial effect of lean red meat on muscle mass or lean tissue mass in both observational and intervention studies. Higher intake of fruit and vegetables was associated with better muscle function in observational studies, but the evidence from intervention studies was scarce. Non-liquid dairy foods were beneficial for muscle mass in both observational and intervention studies. There was moderate evidence for the role of these foods in muscle strength and sarcopenia, and limited or inconclusive evidence for the benefits of other whole foods (e.g., fish, eggs) for muscle health in older adults. Although current nutritional recommendations are often based on a single nutrient approach, further research about the role of protein-rich and other foods in muscle health will allow for the development of guidelines that are based on whole foods, also highlighting the potential importance of non-protein nutrients within these foods for myoprotection in older adults.
Collapse
|
18
|
Granic A, Hurst C, Dismore L, Stevenson E, Sayer AA, Aspray T. Feasibility and acceptability of a milk and resistance exercise intervention to improve muscle function in community-dwelling older adults (MIlkMAN): Pilot study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235952. [PMID: 32649708 PMCID: PMC7351162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise (RE) may counteract declines in muscle strength, mass, and function (sarcopenia), but the role of whole foods rich in protein, such as milk, is less well understood. In the MIlkMAN study, we aimed to examine the feasibility and acceptability of milk+RE as an intervention for muscle function in community-dwelling older adults, and provide exploratory pilot data for future substantive research in population at risk of sarcopenia. METHODS In a parallel groups design, 30 older adults (71.7±3.6 years; 12 women) were randomised into three groups: WM (whole milk 3.6% fat)+RE, SM (skimmed milk 0.3% fat)+RE, and C (isocaloric carbohydrate drink)+RE. RE was performed twice-weekly over 6 weeks in a community gym, followed by the consumption of 500 ml of milk (~20 g protein) or carbohydrate drink immediately after exercise and a further 500 ml at home within the following 4-5 hours. The feasibility and acceptability of the study was determined by calculating recruitment and attendance rates, compliance with the intervention, rating participants' experiences, and recording adverse health events. RESULTS The response rate was 49% (out of 400 invitations sent), and the recruitment rate was 73.2% (30 participants recruited out of 41 screened for eligibility). Twenty-nine participants completed the intervention-an attendance rate of 97.1%; 89.7% rated their experience as 'excellent'/very good'. Compliance with taking the drinks was 97.1% (WM), 98.3% (SM), and 95.0% (C); 93.1% rated their drink intake as 'easy'/'very easy' with no adverse effects. Collection of exploratory pilot data to inform future trials was successful. Mean change in grip strength, 5-chair rises, and gait speed were 0.9±3.4 kg, 1.8±2.2 s, 0.1±0.1 m/s, respectively with no differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS This community-based milk+RE intervention was feasible and acceptable to older adults. The study successfully collected pilot data for future substantive research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hurst
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lorelle Dismore
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Development, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Terry Aspray
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Granic A, Hurst C, Dismore L, Aspray T, Stevenson E, Witham MD, Sayer AA, Robinson S. Milk for Skeletal Muscle Health and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Clin Interv Aging 2020; 15:695-714. [PMID: 32546988 PMCID: PMC7247608 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s245595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging manifests as a decline in muscle quantity and quality that accelerates with aging, increasing the risk of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is characterized by a loss of muscle strength and mass, and contributes to adverse health outcomes in older adults. Intervention studies have shown that sarcopenia may be treated by higher protein intake in combination with resistance exercise (RE). In comparison, less is known about the role of whole protein-containing foods in preventing or treating sarcopenia. Liquid milk contains multiple nutrients and bioactive components that may be beneficial for muscle, including proteins for muscle anabolism that, alone or with RE, may have myoprotective properties. However, there is a lack of evidence about the role of milk and its effects on muscle aging. This narrative review considers evidence from three observational and eight intervention studies that used milk or fortified milk, with or without exercise, as an intervention to promote muscle health and function in older adults (aged 50–99 years). The observational studies showed no association between higher habitual milk consumption and muscle-related outcomes. The results of intervention studies using fortified milk in relation to elements of sarcopenia were also negative, with further inconclusive results from the studies using a combination of (fortified) milk and exercise. Although milk contains nutrients that may be myoprotective, current evidence does not show beneficial effects of milk on muscle health in older adults. This could be due to high habitual protein intakes (>1.0 g/kg BW/d) in study participants, differences in the type of milk (low-fat vs whole) and timing of milk consumption, length of interventions, as well as differences in the sarcopenia status of participants in trials. Adequately powered intervention studies of individuals likely to benefit are needed to test the effectiveness of a whole food approach, including milk, for healthy muscle aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Hurst
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lorelle Dismore
- Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Research and Development, North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK
| | - Terry Aspray
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Musculoskeletal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sian Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hudson JL, Bergia RE, Campbell WW. Protein Distribution and Muscle-Related Outcomes: Does the Evidence Support the Concept? Nutrients 2020; 12:E1441. [PMID: 32429355 PMCID: PMC7285146 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a shift in thinking about dietary protein requirements from daily requirements to individual meal requirements. Per meal, stimulation of muscle protein synthesis has a saturable dose relationship with the quantity of dietary protein consumed. Protein intake above the saturable dose does not further contribute to the synthetic response; the "excess" amino acids are predominantly oxidized. Given that daily dietary protein intake is finite, finding protein distribution patterns that both reduce amino acid oxidation and maximize their contribution towards protein synthesis (in theory improving net balance) could be "optimal" and is of practical scientific interest to promote beneficial changes in skeletal muscle-related outcomes. This article reviews both observational and randomized controlled trial research on the protein distribution concept. The current evidence on the efficacy of consuming an "optimal" protein distribution to favorably influence skeletal muscle-related changes is limited and inconsistent. The effect of protein distribution cannot be sufficiently disentangled from the effect of protein quantity. Consuming a more balanced protein distribution may be a practical way for adults with marginal or inadequate protein intakes (<0.80 g·kg-1·d-1) to achieve a moderately higher total protein intake. However, for adults already consuming 0.8-1.3 g·kg-1·d-1, the preponderance of evidence supports that consuming at least one meal that contains sufficient protein quantity to maximally stimulate muscle protein synthesis, independent of daily distribution, is helpful to promote skeletal muscle health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L. Hudson
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.E.B.III); (W.W.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, 15 Children’s Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Robert E. Bergia
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.E.B.III); (W.W.C.)
| | - Wayne W. Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (R.E.B.III); (W.W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sarcopenia: A Contemporary Health Problem among Older Adult Populations. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051293. [PMID: 32370051 PMCID: PMC7282252 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a geriatric disease characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and loss of muscle function, constitutes a rising, often undiagnosed health problem. Its prevalence in the elderly population is largely considered variable, as it ranges from 5% to 50% depending on gender, age, pathological conditions as well as diagnostic criteria. There is no one unified approach of treatment or assessment, which makes sarcopenia even harder to assess. There is a pressing need to provide better diagnosis, diagnostics, prevention, and individualized health care. Physical activity and nutrition are the main studied ways to prevent sarcopenia, and they also offer better outcomes. This review aims to report the prevalence of sarcopenia in older adults, its etiology, prevention, and treatment techniques.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dietary vs. pharmacological doses of zinc: A clinical review. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:1345-1353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Giglio BM, Duarte VIR, Galvão AF, Marini ACB, Schincaglia RM, Mota JF, Souza LB, Pimentel GD. High-Protein Diet Containing Dairy Products is Associated with Low Body Mass Index and Glucose Concentrations: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061384. [PMID: 31226760 PMCID: PMC6627667 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate whether the ingestion of a high protein diet containing dairy protein is associated with anthropometric indicators of adiposity and blood glucose. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with volunteers of 20-89 years of age who performed leisure physical activity. We assessed dietary intake, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSFT), random blood glucose as well as sociodemographic and behavioral variables. RESULTS A total of 418 individuals were evaluated. The consumption of a high-protein diet (1.80 ± 0.49 g/kg/day) was found in 37.8% of individuals, which showed lower BMI, WC, TSFT and blood glucose concentrations compared to those with a low-protein diet (0.56 ± 0.18 g/kg/day). Dairy products consumption was inversely associated with BMI when adjusted for sex and age (odds ratio (OR): 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-0.93, p = 0.004) and by sex, age, fiber and energy (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67-0.92; p = 0.004), and with blood glucose when adjusted for sex and age (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.74-0.99; p = 0.042). Cheese consumption was inversely associated with blood glucose when adjusted for sex and age (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.96, p = 0.023) and by sex, age, calories and fibers (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56-0.98, p = 0.036). Two portions of cheeses/day reduced the risk of having high blood glucose levels by approximately 80%. CONCLUSION A high-protein diet containing dairy food, in particular two servings of cheese, was associated with low BMI and random glucose concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna M Giglio
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 7605-080, Brazil.
| | - Valeska I R Duarte
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 7605-080, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Galvão
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 7605-080, Brazil.
| | - Ana Clara B Marini
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 7605-080, Brazil.
| | - Raquel M Schincaglia
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 7605-080, Brazil.
| | - João F Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 7605-080, Brazil.
| | - Luciana B Souza
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 7605-080, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo D Pimentel
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 7605-080, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Moderate Increase in Protein Intake Promotes a Small Additional Improvement in Functional Capacity, But Not in Muscle Strength and Lean Mass Quality, in Postmenopausal Women Following Resistance Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061323. [PMID: 31200437 PMCID: PMC6627078 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a moderate increase in protein intake on muscle strength, functional capacity and lean mass quality improvements in postmenopausal women following resistance exercise. Forty-seven postmenopausal women were randomized in two groups: Normal protein (NP, n = 25), who received a dietary plan containing ~0.8 g protein·kg-1·d-1 (recommended dietary allowance-RDA recommendations); and higher protein (HP, n = 22), which a moderate increase in protein intake was recommended (~1.2 g protein·kg-1·d-1). Resistance training was performed for 10 weeks, three times/week. Muscle strength (handgrip strength and one repetition maximum test-1-RM), functional capacity and lean mass (LM) quality (muscle strength to lean mass ratio) were evaluated. Dietary intake was assessed by nine 24 h food recalls. After intervention, both groups increased similarly the leg extension 1-RM and handgrip strength. Regarding functional capacity tests, both groups increased the balance test score (SPPB) and 10 m walk test speed, with no differences between the groups. In addition, an increase in speed to perform the 6 min and 400 m walk tests was observed over the time, with an additional improvement in the HP group (time × group interaction; p = 0.007 and p = 0.004, respectively). About LM quality, leg extension 1-RM/leg LM improved over the time in both groups (p = 0.050), with no time × group interaction. All these significant changes had a low effect size. In conclusion, a moderate increase in protein intake promoted a small additional improvement in functional capacity, but it did not induce a greater increase in strength and LM quality after 10 weeks of resistance exercise in postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03024125.
Collapse
|
25
|
Granic A, Sayer AA, Robinson SM. Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040745. [PMID: 30935012 PMCID: PMC6521630 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A posteriori or data-driven approaches have used statistical tools—dimension reduction methods or clustering—to study DP-muscle health relationships. Both approaches recognise the importance of the whole diet and potential cumulative, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of foods and nutrients on ageing muscle. In this review, we have aimed to (i) summarise nutritional epidemiology evidence from four recent systematic reviews with updates from new primary studies about the role of DPs in muscle health, sarcopenia, and its components; (ii) hypothesise about the potential mechanisms of ‘myoprotective’ diets, with the MED as an example, and (iii) discuss the challenges facing nutritional epidemiology to produce the higher level evidence needed to understand the relationships between whole diets and healthy muscle ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| | - Sian M Robinson
- AGE Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK.
- Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|