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Teenagers and Young Adults Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: a Snapshot of Acculturation in High School and Post-Secondary Life. Ear Hear 2023; 44:179-188. [PMID: 35982531 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study investigates acculturation in a group of teenagers and young adults who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and who were raised in an age of early identification, early intervention, advanced audiologic technology, and inclusive education. DESIGN The Deaf Acculturation Scale ( Maxwell-McCaw & Zea 2011 ) was administered via online survey to 106 teenagers and young adults (mean ages = 16.87 and 24.65 years, respectively). All participants were alumni of an early childhood program for children who are DHH in the United States learning listening and spoken language skills. RESULTS The majority of the participants scored as hearing acculturated (79%), with 1% scoring as deaf acculturated, and 20% as bicultural. Teenagers and adults did not differ significantly on acculturation. Participants who identified as hearing acculturated were less likely to use sign language with their friends, at work, or with their families than those who identified as bicultural. CONCLUSIONS These results are in contrast to acculturation patterns reported in other populations of young DHH adults, indicating the need to continue investigating the diversity in cultural values, beliefs, and practices of people who are DHH.
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Lambez T, Nagar M, Shoshani A, Nakash O. The Association Between Deaf Identity and Emotional Distress Among Adolescents. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2020; 25:251-260. [PMID: 32034400 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The sociocultural approach regards being deaf as a cultural characteristic in the identity of a deaf/hard-of-hearing (D/HH) person. The degree to which one integrates the hearing and Deaf cultures ("acculturation") is an important factor for the well-being of deaf adolescents. We examined the relationship between acculturation patterns and emotional distress among D/HH (n = 69) compared to hearing (n = 60) adolescents in Israel. We used culturally and linguistically accessible measures. Our findings showed no significant differences in emotional distress between D/HH and their hearing counterparts. Acculturation played an important role predicting emotional distress. Identification with both the Deaf and hearing cultures was associated with reduced somatization. Exposure to discrimination and social support was also associated with emotional distress in predictable ways. Findings are interpreted within the specific context of Israeli society and highlight the importance of using adaptive linguistic and cultural assessment tools with D/HH populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Lambez
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya
| | - Maayan Nagar
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya
- Smith College School for Social Work, Lilly Hall
| | - Anat Shoshani
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya
| | - Ora Nakash
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya
- Smith College School for Social Work, Lilly Hall
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Ali YHK, Wright N, Charnock D, Henshaw H, Hoare D. Applications of qualitative grounded theory methodology to investigate hearing loss: protocol for a qualitative systematic review. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033537. [PMID: 32295772 PMCID: PMC7200034 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hearing loss is a chronic condition affecting 12 million individuals in the UK. People with hearing loss regularly experience difficulties interacting in everyday conversations. These difficulties in communication can result in a person with hearing loss withdrawing from social situations and becoming isolated. While hearing loss research has largely deployed quantitative methods to investigate various aspects of the condition, qualitative research is becoming more widespread. Grounded theory is a specific qualitative methodology that has been used to establish novel theories on the experiences of living with hearing loss. METHOD AND ANALYSIS The aim of this systematic review is to establish how grounded theory has been applied to investigate the psychosocial aspects of hearing loss. Methods are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 checklist. Studies included in this review will have applied grounded theory as an overarching methodology or have grounded theory embedded among other methodologies. Studies included will have adult participants (≥18 years) who are either people with an acquired hearing loss, their family and friends (communication partners), or healthcare practitioners including audiologists, general practitioners, ear, nose and throat specialists and hearing therapists. The quality of application of grounded theory in each study will be assessed using the Guideline for Reporting and Evaluating Grounded Theory Research Studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION As only secondary data will be used in this systematic review, ethical approval is not required. No other ethical issues are foreseen. This review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO). Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and at relevant academic conferences. Findings may also be published in relevant professional and third sector newsletters and magazines as appropriate. Data will inform future research and guideline development. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019134197.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin H K Ali
- Hearing Sciences, National Institute of Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience, Hearing Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Nicola Wright
- School of Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - David Charnock
- School of Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Helen Henshaw
- Hearing Sciences, National Institute of Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience, Hearing Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Derek Hoare
- Hearing Sciences, National Institute of Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- School of Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience, Hearing Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
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Goldblat E, Most T. Cultural Identity of Young Deaf Adults with Cochlear Implants in Comparison to Deaf without Cochlear Implants and Hard-of-Hearing Young Adults. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2018; 23:228-239. [PMID: 29562365 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/eny007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between cultural identity, severity of hearing loss (HL), and the use of a cochlear implant (CI). One hundred and forty-one adolescents and young adults divided into three groups (deaf with CI, deaf without CI, and hard-of-hearing (HH)) and 134 parents participated. Adolescents and young adults completed questionnaires on cultural identity (hearing, Deaf, marginal, bicultural-hearing, and bicultural-deaf) and communication proficiencies (hearing, spoken language, and sign language). Parents completed a speech quality questionnaire. Deaf participants without CI and those with CI differed in all identities except marginal identity. CI users and HH participants had similar identities except for a stronger bicultural-deaf identity among CI users. Three clusters of participants evolved: participants with a dominant bicultural-deaf identity, participants with a dominant bicultural-hearing identity and participants without a formed cultural identity. Adolescents and young adults who were proficient in one of the modes of communication developed well-established bicultural identities. Adolescents and young adults who were not proficient in one of the modes of communication did not develop a distinguished cultural identity. These results suggest that communication proficiencies are crucial for developing defined identities.
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Nelson Schmitt SS, Leigh IW. Examining a sample of Black deaf individuals on the Deaf Acculturation Scale. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2015; 20:283-295. [PMID: 25967584 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/env017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to identify and analyze how Black deaf and hard-of-hearing people conceptualize their deaf and hard-of-hearing identities. That is, what cultural and linguistic factors are involved and how do they interact? An existing measure of Deaf cultural identity, the Deaf Acculturation Scale (DAS), was used to evaluate these questions. Review of the measure's normative sample (n = 3,070) indicated that fewer than 300 self-identified as racial/ethnic minorities (Hispanic/Latino, Black, or Asian). Results of a preliminary study revealed that Non-White deaf individuals responded to DAS items in ways that significantly differed from responses provided by White deaf individuals. Moreover, the existing 5-factor correlated model of the DAS did not fit well with the Non-White group. The current study administered the DAS to a new sample of 106 Black deaf individuals. Principal components analysis determined an appropriate factor structure for this population. In addition to the existing 5 factors, a sixth factor emerged that appears to reflect identity concerns specific to Black deaf people. Ideas for future research, including how to examine the intersections of Deaf identity and racial identity, are discussed.
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Carter MJ. Deaf Identity Centrality: Measurement, Influences, and Outcomes. IDENTITY-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2015.1023442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Palmer CGS, Boudreault P, Baldwin EE, Sinsheimer JS. Impact of genetic counseling and Connexin-26 and Connexin-30 testing on deaf identity and comprehension of genetic test results in a sample of deaf adults: a prospective, longitudinal study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111512. [PMID: 25375116 PMCID: PMC4222828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a prospective, longitudinal study design, this paper addresses the impact of genetic counseling and testing for deafness on deaf adults and the Deaf community. This study specifically evaluated the effect of genetic counseling and Connexin-26 and Connexin-30 genetic test results on participants' deaf identity and understanding of their genetic test results. Connexin-26 and Connexin-30 genetic testing was offered to participants in the context of linguistically and culturally appropriate genetic counseling. Questionnaire data collected from 209 deaf adults at four time points (baseline, immediately following pre-test genetic counseling, 1-month following genetic test result disclosure, and 6-months after result disclosure) were analyzed. Four deaf identity orientations (hearing, marginal, immersion, bicultural) were evaluated using subscales of the Deaf Identity Development Scale-Revised. We found evidence that participants understood their specific genetic test results following genetic counseling, but found no evidence of change in deaf identity based on genetic counseling or their genetic test results. This study demonstrated that culturally and linguistically appropriate genetic counseling can improve deaf clients' understanding of genetic test results, and the formation of deaf identity was not directly related to genetic counseling or Connexin-26 and Connexin-30 genetic test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina G. S. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick Boudreault
- Department of Deaf Studies, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California, United States of America
| | - Erin E. Baldwin
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Sinsheimer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Departments of Biomathematics and Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Gerich J, Fellinger J. Effects of social networks on the quality of life in an elder and middle-aged deaf community sample. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2011; 17:102-115. [PMID: 21606089 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enr022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article endeavors to investigate the role of social networks in contributing to the quality of life of an elder and middle-aged Deaf population. In particular, it poses the question of whether a certain network composition (deaf and hearing network persons) provides positive resources to improve quality of life and attempts to identify moderating and mediating connections between social networks and quality of life. Based on the data collected in a survey of 107 members of the Deaf community aged 45-81 years, it was possible to ascertain the fact that a larger social network is significantly associated with a higher quality of life, but the size of the deaf network is principally decisive. The hypothesis that a bicultural network composition would have a particular positive effect on the quality of life could not be confirmed. Findings revealed that the effect of deaf network size on the quality of life is mediated by personal resources concerning self-efficacy and communication skills. Moreover, evidence was sound for the functional equivalence of social and personal resources, which suggests that potential negative effects of reduced personal resources on the quality of life could possibly be compensated by a larger deaf network and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Gerich
- Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
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Boudreault P, Baldwin EE, Fox M, Dutton L, Tullis L, Linden J, Kobayashi Y, Zhou J, Sinsheimer JS, Sininger Y, Grody WW, Palmer CGS. Deaf adults' reasons for genetic testing depend on cultural affiliation: results from a prospective, longitudinal genetic counseling and testing study. JOURNAL OF DEAF STUDIES AND DEAF EDUCATION 2010; 15:209-227. [PMID: 20488870 PMCID: PMC2902357 DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enq012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the relationship between cultural affiliation and deaf adults' motivations for genetic testing for deafness in the first prospective, longitudinal study to examine the impact of genetic counseling and genetic testing on deaf adults and the deaf community. Participants (n = 256), classified as affiliating with hearing, Deaf, or both communities, rated interest in testing for 21 reasons covering 5 life domains. Findings suggest strong interest in testing to learn why they are deaf, but little interest in using it for decisions about a partner or having children. Culturally mediated variation was also demonstrated. Deaf and both communities groups viewed testing as useful for more life domains than the hearing community group. Deaf and both communities had similar motivations related to further exploration, understanding, or strengthening of deafness. Motivations related to "hearing" were also relevant for both communities. We conclude that cultural affiliation is an important factor for constructing motivations for genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Zhou
- University of California, Los Angeles
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