1
|
Vera-Vives AM, Michelberger T, Morosinotto T, Perin G. Assessment of photosynthetic activity in dense microalgae cultures using oxygen production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108510. [PMID: 38471244 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms playing a pivotal role in primary production in aquatic ecosystems, sustaining the entry of carbon in the biosphere. Microalgae have also been recognized as sustainable source of biomass to complement crops. For this objective they are cultivated in photobioreactors or ponds at high cell density to maximize biomass productivity and lower the cost of downstream processes. Photosynthesis depends on light availability, that is often not constant over time. In nature, sunlight fluctuates over diurnal cycles and weather conditions. In high-density microalgae cultures of photobioreactors outdoors, on top of natural variations, microalgae are subjected to further complexity in light exposure. Because of the high-density cells experience self-shading effects that heavily limit light availability in most of the mass culture volume. This limitation strongly affects biomass productivity of industrial microalgae cultivation plants with important implications on economic feasibility. Understanding how photosynthesis responds to cell density is informative to assess functionality in the inhomogeneous light environment of industrial photobioreactors. In this work we exploited a high-sensitivity Clark electrode to measure microalgae photosynthesis and compare cultures with different densities, using Nannochloropsis as model organism. We observed that cell density has a substantial impact on photosynthetic activity, and demonstrated the reduction of the cell's light-absorption capacity by genetic modification is a valuable strategy to increase photosynthetic functionality on a chlorophyll-basis of dense microalgae cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim Michelberger
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Perin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Minhas AK, Gaur S, Adholeya A. Influence of light intensity and photoperiod on the pigment and, lipid production of Dunaliella tertiolecta and Nannochloropsis oculata under three different culture medium. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12801. [PMID: 36816239 PMCID: PMC9929195 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgal biomass has the ability to store huge amount of triacylglycerides as fatty ester methyl esters (FAME) and carotenoids which has made algae as potential candidate for biorefinery approach. Essential fatty acid such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid and eicospentanoic acid have been produced which are known for their various applications. The present study was aimed to evaluate the influence of different light intensities (120 and 250 μE/m2/s) and photoperiod (16:8h and 13:11h light/dark cycle) on the production of lipid, biomass and lutein. Dunaliella tertiolecta and Nannochloropsis oculata was grown for 23 days in F/2, sea salt media (SSM, Distilled water (DW) and SSM (natural seawater media,NSW) under two different light intensities and photoperiod regimes at 25 ᵒC. SSM (NSW) showed maximum accumulation of lipid in D.tertiolecta (34.56 mg/L/d). SSM (DW)- biomass showed 1.5 times higher lutein productivity of 0.253 mg/L/d under 13:11h light/dark cycle at 250 μE/m2/s compared to same medium under 16:8h light/dark cycles at 120 μE/m2/s. Where as in N.oculata, F/2 biomass showed higher lipid and lutein productivity of 15.69 and 0.279 mg/L/d, respectively The laboratory scale cultivation parameters and related media cost showed the suitability of different culture media adaptation to large scale production.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou L, Gao S, Yang W, Wu S, Huan L, Xie X, Wang X, Lin S, Wang G. Transcriptomic and metabolic signatures of diatom plasticity to light fluctuations. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:2295-2314. [PMID: 36149329 PMCID: PMC9706478 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Unlike in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, light fields in oceans fluctuate due to both horizontal current and vertical mixing. Diatoms thrive and dominate the phytoplankton community in these fluctuating light fields. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate diatom acclimation and adaptation to light fluctuations are poorly understood. Here, we performed transcriptome sequencing, metabolome profiling, and 13C-tracer labeling on the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The diatom acclimated to constant light conditions was transferred to six different light conditions, including constant light (CL5d), short-term (1 h) high light (sHL1h), and short-term (1 h) and long-term (5 days) mild or severe light fluctuation conditions (mFL1h, sFL1h, mFL5d, and sFL5d) that mimicked land and ocean light levels. We identified 2,673 transcripts (25% of the total expressed genes) expressed differentially under different fluctuating light regimes. We also identified 497 transcription factors, 228 not reported previously, which exhibited higher expression under light fluctuations, including 7 with a light-sensitive PAS domain (Per-period circadian protein, Arnt-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein, Sim-single-minded protein) and 10 predicted to regulate genes related to light-harvesting complex proteins. Our data showed that prolonged preconditioning in severe light fluctuation enhanced photosynthesis in P. tricornutum under this condition, as evidenced by increased oxygen evolution accompanied by the upregulation of Rubisco and light-harvesting proteins. Furthermore, severe light fluctuation diverted the metabolic flux of assimilated carbon preferentially toward fatty acid storage over sugar and protein. Our results suggest that P. tricornutum use a series of complex and different responsive schemes in photosynthesis and carbon metabolism to optimize their growth under mild and severe light fluctuations. These insights underscore the importance of using more intense conditions when investigating the resilience of phytoplankton to light fluctuations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Songcui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Huan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujun Xie
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xulei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xia H, Chen K, Liu L, Plenkovic-Moraj A, Sun G, Lei Y. Photosynthetic regulation in fluctuating light under combined stresses of high temperature and dehydration in three contrasting mosses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111379. [PMID: 35850284 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis regulation is fundamental for the response to environmental dynamics, especially for bryophytes during their adaptation to terrestrial life. Alternative electron flow mediated by flavodiiron proteins (FLV) and cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) play seminal roles in the response to abiotic stresses in mosses; nevertheless, their correlation and relative contribution to photoprotection of mosses exposed to combined stresses remain unclear. In the present study, the photosynthetic performance and recovery capacity of three moss species from different growth habitats were examined during heat and dehydration with fluctuating light. Our results showed that dehydration at 22 °C for 24 h caused little photodamage, and most of the parameters recovered to their original values after rehydration. In contrast, dehydration at 38 °C caused drastic injuries, especially to PSII, which was mainly caused by the inactivation of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Dehydration also induced a high accumulation of O2- and H2O2. A consistently higher CEF as well as a positive correlation between CEF and FLV was observed in resistant R. japonicum, implying CEF played a more important protective role for R. japonicum. In H. plumaeforme and P. cuspidatum, the positive relationship under mild stress switched to negative when stress became severe. Therefore, FLV pathway was sensitive to environmental fluctuations and maybe less efficient than CEF thus, readily to be lost during land colonization and evolution in angiosperms. Our work provides insights into the coordination of various pathways to fine-tune photosynthetic protection and can be used as a basis for species screening and development of breeding strategies for degraded ecosystem restoration with pioneering mosses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xia
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China; China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Lilan Liu
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Anđelka Plenkovic-Moraj
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Geng Sun
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanbao Lei
- China-Croatia "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Perin G, Gambaro F, Morosinotto T. Knowledge of Regulation of Photosynthesis in Outdoor Microalgae Cultures Is Essential for the Optimization of Biomass Productivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:846496. [PMID: 35444673 PMCID: PMC9014180 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.846496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a sustainable source of biomass that can be exploited for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic applications, as well as for food, feed, chemicals, and energy. To make microalgae applications economically competitive and maximize their positive environmental impact, it is however necessary to optimize productivity when cultivated at a large scale. Independently from the final product, this objective requires the optimization of biomass productivity and thus of microalgae ability to exploit light for CO2 fixation. Light is a highly variable environmental parameter, continuously changing depending on seasons, time of the day, and weather conditions. In microalgae large scale cultures, cell self-shading causes inhomogeneity in light distribution and, because of mixing, cells move between different parts of the culture, experiencing abrupt changes in light exposure. Microalgae evolved multiple regulatory mechanisms to deal with dynamic light conditions that, however, are not adapted to respond to the complex mixture of natural and artificial fluctuations found in large-scale cultures, which can thus drive to oversaturation of the photosynthetic machinery, leading to consequent oxidative stress. In this work, the present knowledge on the regulation of photosynthesis and its implications for the maximization of microalgae biomass productivity are discussed. Fast mechanisms of regulations, such as Non-Photochemical-Quenching and cyclic electron flow, are seminal to respond to sudden fluctuations of light intensity. However, they are less effective especially in the 1-100 s time range, where light fluctuations were shown to have the strongest negative impact on biomass productivity. On the longer term, microalgae modulate the composition and activity of the photosynthetic apparatus to environmental conditions, an acclimation response activated also in cultures outdoors. While regulation of photosynthesis has been investigated mainly in controlled lab-scale conditions so far, these mechanisms are highly impactful also in cultures outdoors, suggesting that the integration of detailed knowledge from microalgae large-scale cultivation is essential to drive more effective efforts to optimize biomass productivity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Jiang Z, Lai Z, Yuan H, Zhang X, Jia Y, Zhang X. The self-adaption capability of microalgal biofilm under different light intensities: Photosynthetic parameters and biofilm microstructures. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Wei Z, Duan F, Sun X, Song X, Zhou W. Leaf photosynthetic and anatomical insights into mechanisms of acclimation in rice in response to long-term fluctuating light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:747-761. [PMID: 33215722 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-term fluctuating light (FL) conditions are very common in natural environments. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms for acclimation to FL differ between species. However, most of the current conclusions regarding acclimation to FL were made based on studies in algae or Arabidopsis thaliana. It is still unclear how rice (Oryza sativa L.) integrate multiple physiological changes to acclimate to long-term FL. In this study, we found that rice growth was repressed under long-term FL. By systematically measuring phenotypes and physiological parameters, we revealed that: (a) under short-term FL, photosystem I (PSI) was inhibited, while after 1-7 days of long-term FL, both PSI and PSII were inhibited. Higher acceptor-side limitation in electron transport and higher overall nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) explained the lower efficiencies of PSI and PSII, respectively. (b) An increase in pH differences across the thylakoid membrane and a decrease in thylakoid proton conductivity revealed a reduction of ATP synthase activity. (c) Using electron microscopy, we showed a decrease in membrane stacking and stomatal opening after 7 days of FL treatment. Taken together, our results show that electron flow, ATP synthase activity and NPQ regulation are the major processes determining the growth performance of rice under long-term FL conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xianliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lu Y, Gan Q, Iwai M, Alboresi A, Burlacot A, Dautermann O, Takahashi H, Crisanto T, Peltier G, Morosinotto T, Melis A, Niyogi KK. Role of an ancient light-harvesting protein of PSI in light absorption and photoprotection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:679. [PMID: 33514722 PMCID: PMC7846763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse algae of the red lineage possess chlorophyll a-binding proteins termed LHCR, comprising the PSI light-harvesting system, which represent an ancient antenna form that evolved in red algae and was acquired through secondary endosymbiosis. However, the function and regulation of LHCR complexes remain obscure. Here we describe isolation of a Nannochloropsis oceanica LHCR mutant, named hlr1, which exhibits a greater tolerance to high-light (HL) stress compared to the wild type. We show that increased tolerance to HL of the mutant can be attributed to alterations in PSI, making it less prone to ROS production, thereby limiting oxidative damage and favoring growth in HL. HLR1 deficiency attenuates PSI light-harvesting capacity and growth of the mutant under light-limiting conditions. We conclude that HLR1, a member of a conserved and broadly distributed clade of LHCR proteins, plays a pivotal role in a dynamic balancing act between photoprotection and efficient light harvesting for photosynthesis. LHCR proteins are ancient chlorophyll a-binding antennas that evolved in diverse algae of the red lineage. Here Lu et al. characterize a red lineage LHCR mutant and show reduced oxidative damage in high light but attenuated growth under low light, thus demonstrating how LHCR proteins impact the balance between photoprotection and light harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yandu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Qinhua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Masakazu Iwai
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Adrien Burlacot
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lezDurance, France
| | - Oliver Dautermann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hiroko Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate school of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Thien Crisanto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gilles Peltier
- CEA, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies Aix-Marseille, UMR 7265, Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Biotechnologie des Bactéries et Microalgues, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lezDurance, France
| | | | - Anastasios Melis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Storti M, Segalla A, Mellon M, Alboresi A, Morosinotto T. Regulation of electron transport is essential for photosystem I stability and plant growth. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1316-1326. [PMID: 32367526 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic electron transport is regulated by cyclic and pseudocyclic electron flow (CEF and PCEF) to maintain the balance between light availability and metabolic demands. CEF transfers electrons from photosystem I to the plastoquinone pool with two mechanisms, dependent either on PGR5/PGRL1 or on the type I NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex. PCEF uses electrons from photosystem I to reduce oxygen and in many groups of photosynthetic organisms, but remarkably not in angiosperms, it is catalyzed by flavodiiron proteins (FLVs). In this study, Physcomitrella patens plants depleted in PGRL1, NDH and FLVs in different combinations were generated and characterized, showing that all these mechanisms are active in this moss. Surprisingly, in contrast to flowering plants, Physcomitrella patens can cope with the simultaneous inactivation of PGR5- and NDH-dependent CEF but, when FLVs are also depleted, plants show strong growth reduction and photosynthetic activity is drastically reduced. The results demonstrate that mechanisms for modulation of photosynthetic electron transport have large functional overlap but are together indispensable to protect photosystem I from damage and they are an essential component for photosynthesis in any light regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Storti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Anna Segalla
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Marco Mellon
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sung YJ, Lee JS, Yoon HK, Ko H, Sim SJ. Outdoor cultivation of microalgae in a coal-fired power plant for conversion of flue gas CO2 into microalgal direct combustion fuels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43393-020-00007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|