1
|
Vendemiatti E, Hernández-De Lira IO, Snijders R, Torne-Srivastava T, Therezan R, Simioni Prants G, Lopez-Ortiz C, Reddy UK, Bleeker P, Schenck CA, Peres LEP, Benedito VA. Woolly mutation with the Get02 locus overcomes the polygenic nature of trichome-based pest resistance in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:911-923. [PMID: 38466177 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Type-IV glandular trichomes, which only occur in the juvenile developmental phase of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), produce acylsugars that broadly protect against arthropod herbivory. Previously, we introgressed the capacity to retain type-IV trichomes in the adult phase from the wild tomato, Solanum galapagense, into the cultivated species cv. Micro-Tom (MT). The resulting MT-Galapagos enhanced trichome (MT-Get) introgression line contained 5 loci associated with enhancing the density of type-IV trichomes in adult plants. We genetically dissected MT-Get and obtained a subline containing only the locus on Chromosome 2 (MT-Get02). This genotype displayed about half the density of type-IV trichomes compared to the wild progenitor. However, when we stacked the gain-of-function allele of WOOLLY, which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper IV transcription factor, Get02/Wo exhibited double the number of type-IV trichomes compared to S. galapagense. This discovery corroborates previous reports positioning WOOLLY as a master regulator of trichome development. Acylsugar levels in Get02/Wo were comparable to the wild progenitor, although the composition of acylsugar types differed, especially regarding fewer types with medium-length acyl chains. Agronomical parameters of Get02/Wo, including yield, were comparable to MT. Pest resistance assays showed enhanced protection against silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), and the fungus Septoria lycopersici. However, resistance levels did not reach those of the wild progenitor, suggesting the specificity of acylsugar types in the pest resistance mechanism. Our findings in trichome-mediated resistance advance the development of robust, naturally resistant tomato varieties, harnessing the potential of natural genetic variation. Moreover, by manipulating only 2 loci, we achieved exceptional results for a highly complex, polygenic trait, such as herbivory resistance in tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Vendemiatti
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA
| | - Inty Omar Hernández-De Lira
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA
| | - Roxane Snijders
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Tanmayee Torne-Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rodrigo Therezan
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Simioni Prants
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Lopez-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
| | - Umesh K Reddy
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
| | - Petra Bleeker
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Craig A Schenck
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Vagner Augusto Benedito
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oshikiri H, Li H, Manabe M, Yamamoto H, Yazaki K, Takanashi K. Comparative Analysis of Shikonin and Alkannin Acyltransferases Reveals Their Functional Conservation in Boraginaceae. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:362-371. [PMID: 38181221 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Shikonin and its enantiomer, alkannin, are bioactive naphthoquinones produced in several plants of the family Boraginaceae. The structures of these acylated derivatives, which have various short-chain acyl moieties, differ among plant species. The acylation of shikonin and alkannin in Lithospermum erythrorhizon was previously reported to be catalyzed by two enantioselective BAHD acyltransferases, shikonin O-acyltransferase (LeSAT1) and alkannin O-acyltransferase (LeAAT1). However, the mechanisms by which various shikonin and alkannin derivatives are produced in Boraginaceae plants remain to be determined. In the present study, evaluation of six Boraginaceae plants identified 23 homologs of LeSAT1 and LeAAT1, with 15 of these enzymes found to catalyze the acylation of shikonin or alkannin, utilizing acetyl-CoA, isobutyryl-CoA or isovaleryl-CoA as an acyl donor. Analyses of substrate specificities of these enzymes for both acyl donors and acyl acceptors and determination of their subcellular localization using Nicotiana benthamiana revealed a distinct functional differentiation of BAHD acyltransferases in Boraginaceae plants. Gene expression of these acyltransferases correlated with the enantiomeric ratio of produced shikonin/alkannin derivatives in L. erythrorhizon and Echium plantagineum. These enzymes showed conserved substrate specificities for acyl donors among plant species, indicating that the diversity in acyl moieties of shikonin/alkannin derivatives involved factors other than the differentiation of acyltransferases. These findings provide insight into the chemical diversification and evolutionary processes of shikonin/alkannin derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Oshikiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621 Japan
| | - Hao Li
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Misaki Manabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621 Japan
| | - Hirobumi Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Izumino 1-1-1, Itakura-machi, Oru-gun, Gunma, 374-0193 Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Kojiro Takanashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ji W, Mandal S, Rezenom YH, McKnight TD. Specialized metabolism by trichome-enriched Rubisco and fatty acid synthase components. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1199-1213. [PMID: 36264116 PMCID: PMC9922422 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acylsugars, specialized metabolites with defense activities, are secreted by trichomes of many solanaceous plants. Several acylsugar metabolic genes (AMGs) remain unknown. We previously reported multiple candidate AMGs. Here, using multiple approaches, we characterized additional AMGs. First, we identified differentially expressed genes between high- and low-acylsugar-producing F2 plants derived from a cross between cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and a wild relative (Solanum pennellii), which produce acylsugars that are ∼1% and ∼20% of leaf dry weight, respectively. Expression levels of many known and candidate AMGs positively correlated with acylsugar amounts in F2 individuals. Next, we identified lycopersicum-pennellii putative orthologs with higher nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions. These analyses identified four candidate genes, three of which showed enriched expression in stem trichomes compared to underlying tissues (shaved stems). Virus-induced gene silencing confirmed two candidates, Sopen05g009610 [beta-ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase; fatty acid synthase component] and Sopen07g006810 (Rubisco small subunit), as AMGs. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Sopen05g009610 is distinct from specialized metabolic cytosolic reductases but closely related to two capsaicinoid biosynthetic reductases, suggesting evolutionary relationship between acylsugar and capsaicinoid biosynthesis. Analysis of publicly available datasets revealed enriched expression of Sopen05g009610 orthologs in trichomes of several acylsugar-producing species. Similarly, orthologs of Sopen07g006810 were identified as solanaceous trichome-enriched members, which form a phylogenetic clade distinct from those of mesophyll-expressed "regular" Rubisco small subunits. Furthermore, δ13C analyses indicated recycling of metabolic CO2 into acylsugars by Sopen07g006810 and showed how trichomes support high levels of specialized metabolite production. These findings have implications for genetic manipulation of trichome-specialized metabolism in solanaceous crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohannes H Rezenom
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|