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Zhang SH, Zhang YB, Cai DT, Pan T, Chen K, Jin Y, Luo WJ, Huang ZW, Chen QJ, Gao ZG. Preliminary exploration of animal models of congenital choledochal cysts. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1420-1430. [PMID: 38596496 PMCID: PMC11000093 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i10.1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various animal models have been used to explore the pathogenesis of choledochal cysts (CCs), but with little convincing results. Current surgical techniques can achieve satisfactory outcomes for treatment of CCs. Consequently, recent studies have focused more on clinical issues rather than basic research. Therefore, we need appropriate animal models to further basic research. AIM To establish an appropriate animal model that may contribute to the investigation of the pathogenesis of CCs. METHODS Eighty-four specific pathogen-free female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to a surgical group, sham surgical group, or control group. A rat model of CC was established by partial ligation of the bile duct. The reliability of the model was confirmed by measurements of serum biochemical indices, morphology of common bile ducts of the rats as well as molecular biology experiments in rat and human tissues. RESULTS Dilation classified as mild (diameter, ≥ 1 mm to < 3 mm), moderate (≥ 3 mm to < 10 mm), and severe (≥ 10 mm) was observed in 17, 17, and 2 rats in the surgical group, respectively, while no dilation was observed in the control and sham surgical groups. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and total bile acids were significantly elevated in the surgical group as compared to the control group 7 d after surgery, while direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyltransferase were further increased 14 d after surgery. Most of the biochemical indices gradually decreased to normal ranges 28 d after surgery. The protein expression trend of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in rat model was consistent with the human CC tissues. CONCLUSION The model of partial ligation of the bile duct of juvenile rats could morphologically simulate the cystic or fusiform CC, which may contribute to investigating the pathogenesis of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue-Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Duo-Te Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Juan Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zong-Wei Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Zhang H, Wang X, Yang Z, Bai Y, Chen L, Wu T. Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of the response to scale insects in Camellia sasanqua Thunb. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:106. [PMID: 38267855 PMCID: PMC10807073 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camellia sasanqua Thunb. is an essential woody ornamental plant. Our continuous observation found that scale insects often infest C. sasanqua all year round in Kunming, China, resulting in poor growth. Scientifically preventing and controlling the infestation of scale insects should be paid attention to, and the mechanism of scale insects influencing C. sasanqua should be used as the research basis. RESULTS The scale insect was identified as Pseudaulacaspis sasakawai Takagi. We analyzed transcriptome sequencing data from leaves of C. sasanqua infested with scale insects. A total of 1320 genes were either up-regulated or down-regulated and differed significantly in response to scale insects. GO (Gene Ontology) annotation analysis showed that the pathway of catalytic activity, binding, membrane part, cell part, and cellular process were affected. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis showed that most DEGs (differentially expressed genes) involved in plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis, tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. We also observed that the expression of galactose metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly influenced. In addition, qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) validated the expression patterns of DEGs, which showed an excellent agreement with the transcriptome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the C. sasanqua had an intricate resistance strategy to cope with scale insect attacks. After sensing the attack signal of scale insects, C. sasanqua activated the early signal MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) to activate further transcription factors and Auxin, ET, JA, ABA, and other plant hormone signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the accumulation of lignin, scopolin, flavonoids and other secondary metabolites, produces direct and indirect resistance to scale insects. Our results suggested that it provided some potential resources of defense genes that would benefit the following resistance breeding in C. sasanqua to scale insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zhang
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Xubo Wang
- Yunnan Biodiversity Research Institute, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Ziyun Yang
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Tian Wu
- School of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
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Kanojia A, Bhola D, Mudgil Y. Light signaling as cellular integrator of multiple environmental cues in plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1485-1503. [PMID: 38076763 PMCID: PMC10709290 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile need to rapidly adapt to the constantly changing environment through modifications in their internal clock, metabolism, and gene expression. They have evolved an intricate system to perceive and transfer the signals from the primary environmental factors namely light, temperature and water to regulate their growth development and survival. Over past few decades rigorous research using molecular genetics approaches, especially in model plant Arabidopsis, has resulted in substantial progress in discovering various photoreceptor systems and light signaling components. In parallel several molecular pathways operating in response to other environmental cues have also been elucidated. Interestingly, the studies have shown that expression profiles of genes involved in photomorphogenesis can undergo modulation in response to other cues from the environment. Recently, the photoreceptor, PHYB, has been shown to function as a thermosensor. Downstream components of light signaling pathway like COP1 and PIF have also emerged as integrating hubs for various kinds of signals. All these findings indicate that light signaling components may act as central integrator of various environmental cues to regulate plant growth and development processes. In this review, we present a perspective on cross talk of signaling mechanisms induced in response to myriad array of signals and their integration with the light signaling components. By putting light signals on the central stage, we propose the possibilities of enhancing plant resilience to the changing environment by fine-tuning the genetic manipulation of its signaling components in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kanojia
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Diksha Bhola
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Yashwanti Mudgil
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
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Qiu X, Sun G, Liu F, Hu W. Functions of Plant Phytochrome Signaling Pathways in Adaptation to Diverse Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13201. [PMID: 37686008 PMCID: PMC10487518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochromes are receptors for red light (R)/far-red light (FR), which are not only involved in regulating the growth and development of plants but also in mediated resistance to various stresses. Studies have revealed that phytochrome signaling pathways play a crucial role in enabling plants to cope with abiotic stresses such as high/low temperatures, drought, high-intensity light, and salinity. Phytochromes and their components in light signaling pathways can also respond to biotic stresses caused by insect pests and microbial pathogens, thereby inducing plant resistance against them. Given that, this paper reviews recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of phytochromes in plant resistance to adversity and discusses the importance of modulating the genes involved in phytochrome signaling pathways to coordinate plant growth, development, and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (X.Q.); (G.S.)
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guanghua Sun
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (X.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Fen Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (X.Q.); (G.S.)
| | - Weiming Hu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 332000, China; (X.Q.); (G.S.)
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Courbier S. Dimming the lights (and defenses): Dim light decreases rice resistance against brown plant hopper insects. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:837-839. [PMID: 36427188 PMCID: PMC9922384 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Courbier
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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