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Sensor based on redox conjugated poly(para-phenylene) for the simultaneous detection of dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid in human serum sample. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4433-4446. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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2
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Pourian M, Mostafazadeh DB, Soltani A. Does this patient have pheochromocytoma? A systematic review of clinical signs and symptoms. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:11. [PMID: 27034920 PMCID: PMC4815191 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Context Pheochromocytoma is a rare disease but with high mortality if it is not being diagnosed early. Several biochemical tests with high accuracy have been obtained, but the clinical threshold for request of these tests is not determined clearly. Objectives To determine the Likelihood Ratios of clinical symptoms and signs in diagnosing pheochromocytoma. And also meta-analysis of their sensitivity in this disease. Data sources MEDLINE was searched for relevant English-language articles dated 1960 to February 2014. Bibliographies were searched to find additional articles. Study selection We included original studies describing the sensitivity and/or likelihood ratios of signs and symptoms in clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma. Their method of diagnosis should have been based on pathology. We excluded specific subtypes or syndromes related to pheochromocytoma, or specific ages or gender. Also we excluded studies before 1993 (JNC5) which no definition of hypertension was presented. 37 articles were chosen finally. Data extraction Two authors reviewed data from articles independently and gave discrepancies to third author for decision. The aim was extraction of raw numbers of patients having defined signs or symptoms, and draw 2 × 2 tables if data available. We meta-analyzed sensitivities by Statsdirect and Likelihood Ratios by Meta-disc soft wares. Because our data was heterogeneous based on I2 > 50 % (except negative Likelihood ratio of hypertension), we used random effect model for doing meta-analysis. We checked publication bias by drawing Funnel plot for each sign/symptom, and also Egger test. Data synthesis The most prevalent signs and symptoms reported were hypertension (pooled sensitivity of 80.7 %), headache (pooled sensitivity of 60.4 %), palpitation (pooled sensitivity of 59.3 %) and diaphoresis (pooled sensitivity of 52.4 %). The definition of orthostatic hypotension was different among studies. The sensitivity was 23–50 %. Paroxysmal hypertension, chest pain, flushing, and weakness were the signs/symptoms which had publication bias based on Funnel plot and Egger test (P value < 0.05). Seven of the articles had control group, and could be used for calculating LR of signs/symptoms. Diaphoresis (LR+ 2.2, LR- 0.45), Palpitation (LR+ 1.9, LR- 0.52) and headache (LR+ 1.6, LR- 0.24) were significant symptoms in clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Other signs and symptoms had been reported in only one study and could not have been meta-analyzed. Classic triad of headache, palpitation and diaphoresis in hypertensive patients had the LR+ 6.312 (95 % CI 0.217–183.217) and LR- 0.139 (95 % CI 0.059–0.331). Surprisingly, hypertension was not important in clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma, and even normotension increased the probability of the disease. Conclusions By available data, there is no single clinical finding that has significant value in diagnosis or excluding pheochromocytoma. Combination of certain symptoms, signs and para-clinical exams is more valuable for physicians. Further studies should be done, to specify the value of clinical findings. Until that time the process of diagnosis will be based on clinical suspicion and lab tests followed by related imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pourian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davani B Mostafazadeh
- Evidence based Practice Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Soltani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Soltani A, Pourian M, Davani BM. Does this patient have Pheochromocytoma? a systematic review of clinical signs and symptoms. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:6. [PMID: 26998444 PMCID: PMC4797176 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Context Pheochromocytoma is a rare disease but with high mortality if it is not being diagnosed early. Several biochemical tests with high accuracy have been obtained, but the clinical threshold for request of these tests is not determined clearly. Objectives To determine the Likelihood Ratios of clinical symptoms and signs in diagnosing pheochromocytoma. And also meta-analysis of their sensitivity in this disease. Data sources MEDLINE was searched for relevant English-language articles dated 1960 to February 2014. Bibliographies were searched to find additional articles. Study selection We included original studies describing the sensitivity and/or likelihood ratios of signs and symptoms in clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma. Their method of diagnosis should have been based on pathology. We excluded specific subtypes or syndromes related to pheochromocytoma, or specific ages or gender. Also we excluded studies before 1993 (JNC5) which no definition of hypertension was presented. 37 articles were chosen finally. Data extraction Two authors reviewed data from articles independently and gave discrepancies to third author for decision. The aim was extraction of raw numbers of patients having defined signs or symptoms, and draw 2 × 2 tables if data available. We meta-analyzed sensitivities by Statsdirect and Likelihood Ratios by Meta-disc soft wares. Because our data was heterogeneous based on I2 > 50 % (except negative Likelihood ratio of hypertension), we used random effect model for doing meta-analysis. We checked publication bias by drawing Funnel plot for each sign/symptom, and also Egger test. Data synthesis The most prevalent signs and symptoms reported were hypertension (pooled sensitivity of 80.7 %), headache (pooled sensitivity of 60.4 %), palpitation (pooled sensitivity of 59.3 %) and diaphoresis (pooled sensitivity of 52.4 %). The definition of orthostatic hypotension was different among studies. The sensitivity was 23–50 %. Paroxysmal hypertension, chest pain, flushing, and weakness were the signs/symptoms which had publication bias based on Funnel plot and Egger test (P value < 0.05). Seven of the articles had control group, and could be used for calculating LR of signs/symptoms. Diaphoresis (LR+ 2.2, LR-0.45), Palpitation (LR+ 1.9, LR-0.52) and headache (LR+ 1.6, LR-0.24) were significant symptoms in clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. Other signs and symptoms had been reported in only one study and could not have been meta-analyzed. Classic triad of headache, palpitation and diaphoresis in hypertensive patients had the LR+ 6.312 (95 % CI 0.217–183.217) and LR-0.139 (95 % CI 0.059–0.331). Surprisingly, hypertension was not important in clinical suspicion of pheochromocytoma, and even normotension increased the probability of the disease. Conclusions By available data, there is no single clinical finding that has significant value in diagnosis or excluding pheochromocytoma. Combination of certain symptoms, signs and para-clinical exams is more valuable for physicians. Further studies should be done, to specify the value of clinical findings.Until that time the process of diagnosis will be based on clinical suspicion and lab tests followed by related imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Soltani
- Evidence based Practice Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Pourian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Mostafazadeh Davani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Anaesthetic implications in Von Recklinghausen disease: A case report☆. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01819236-201543010-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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5
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Implicaciones anestésicas en la enfermedad de Von Recklinghausen. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rca.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Guerrero-Domínguez R, López-Herrera-Rodríguez D, Acosta-Martínez J, Jiménez I. Anaesthetic implications in Von Recklinghausen disease: A case report. COLOMBIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rcae.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
This article discusses headaches secondary to disorders of homeostasis, which include headaches attributed to (1) hypoxia and/or hypercapnia (high-altitude, diving, or sleep apnea), (2) dialysis, (3) arterial hypertension (pheochromocytoma, hypertensive crisis without hypertensive encephalopathy, hypertensive encephalopathy, preeclampsia or eclampsia, or autonomic dysreflexia), (4) hypothyroidism, (5) fasting, (6) cardiac cephalalgia, and (7) other disorder of homeostasis. Clinical features and diagnosis as well as therapeutic strategies are discussed for each headache type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marissa Lagman-Bartolome
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Gladstone
- Gladstone Headache Clinic, 1333 Sheppard Avenue East, Suite 122, Toronto, ON M2J 1V1, Canada.
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Alipour E, Majidi MR, Saadatirad A, Golabi SM, Alizadeh AM. Simultaneous determination of dopamine and uric acid in biological samples on the pretreated pencil graphite electrode. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carey M, Carter J, Nesbitt I. Phaeochromocytoma Crisis Presenting under Anaesthesia with Profound Left Ventricular Failure — Successful Treatment with Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump. J Intensive Care Soc 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/175114371001100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A patient presented with a phaeochromocytoma crisis during routine anaesthesia for minor ENT surgery. The ensuing cardiac arrest and profound left ventricular failure were successfully treated with an intra-aortic balloon pump until alpha blockade with phenoxybenzamine took effect. The rapid diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma and management of phaeochromocytoma crisis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Carey
- Michelle Carey Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough
| | - Jim Carter
- Jim Carter Consultant Anaesthetist, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne
| | - Ian Nesbitt
- Ian Nesbitt Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne
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Sookur PA, Sahdev A, Rockall AG, Isidori AM, Monson JP, Grossman AB, Reznek RH. Imaging in covert ectopic ACTH secretion: a CT pictorial review. Eur Radiol 2009; 19:1069-78. [PMID: 19137302 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-008-1274-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The syndrome of ectopic adrenocorticotrophin secretion (EAS) is rare and is due to excess adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) production from a nonpituitary tumour. These tumours can be covert, where the tumours are not readily apparent, and very small making them challenging to image. It is clinically and biochemically difficult to distinguish between covert EAS and Cushing's disease. The first-line investigation in locating the source of ACTH production is computed tomography (CT). The aim of this pictorial review is to illustrate the likely covert sites and related imaging findings. We review the CT appearances of tumours resulting in covert EAS and the associated literature. The most common tumours were bronchial carcinoid tumours, which appear as small, well-defined, round or ovoid pulmonary lesions. Rarer causes included thymic carcinoids, gastrointestinal carcinoids and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Awareness of the imaging characteristics will aid identification of the source of ACTH production and allow potentially curative surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Sookur
- Department of Academic Radiology, Dominion House, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK,
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Abstract
In this paper the authors describe a patient with neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) who presented with sequelae of this disease. They also review the current literature on NF1 and NF2 published between 2001 and 2005.
The method used to obtain information for the case report consisted of a family member interview and a review of the patient's chart. For the literature review the authors used the search engine Ovid Medline to identify papers published on the topic between 2001 and 2005. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 appears in approximately one in 2500 to 4000 births, is caused by a defect on 17q11.2, and results in neurofibromin inactivation. The authors reviewed the current literature with regard to the following aspects of this disease: 1) diagnostic criteria for NF1; 2) criteria for other NF1-associated manifestations; 3) malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs); 4) the examination protocol for a patient with an NF1-related NST; 5) imaging findings in patients with NF1; 6) other diagnostic studies; 7) surgical and adjuvant treatment for NSTs and malignant PNSTs; and 8) hormone receptors in NF1-related tumors. Pertinent illustrations are included.
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 occurs much less frequently than NF1, that is, in one in 33,000 births. Mutations in NF2 occur on 22q12 and result in inactivation of the tumor suppressor merlin. The following data on this disease are presented: 1) diagnostic criteria for NF2; 2) criteria for other NF2 manifestations; 3) malignant PNSTs in patients with NF2; 4) examination protocol for the patient with NF2 who has an NST; and 5) imaging findings in patients with NF2. Relevant illustrations are included.
It is important that neurosurgeons be aware of the sequelae of NF1 and NF2, because they may be called on to treat these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Murovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305-5327, USA
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Khorram-Manesh A, Ahlman H, Nilsson O, Friberg P, Odén A, Stenström G, Hansson G, Stenquist O, Wängberg B, Tisell LE, Jansson S. Long-term outcome of a large series of patients surgically treated for pheochromocytoma. J Intern Med 2005; 258:55-66. [PMID: 15953133 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2005.01504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the morbidity, mortality and long-term outcome in a consecutive series of surgically treated patients with pheochromocytoma (PC), or paraganglioma (PG), from the western region of Sweden between 1950 and 1997. PATIENTS All patients (n = 121) who had been hospitalized and treated for PC/PG over 47 years. DESIGN Retrospective review of patients with PC/PG regarding presenting symptoms, tumour characteristics, clinical management and long-term outcome after treatment. SETTING One referral centre for all patients from the western region of Sweden. RESULTS During an observation of 15 +/- 6 years, 42 patients died vs. 23.6 expected in the general population (P < 0.001). There was no intra- or post-operative mortality. Four patients with sporadic disease died of malignant PC and six with hereditary disease of associated neuroectodermal tumours. Five patients died of other malignancies, 20 of cardiovascular disease and seven of other causes. Besides older age at primary surgery, elevated urinary excretion of methoxy-catecholamines was the only observed risk factor for death (P = 0.02). At diagnosis 85% of the patients were hypertensive; one year after surgery more than half were still hypertensive. However, pre- and post-operative hypertension did not influence the risk for death versus controls. CONCLUSION Pheochromocytoma/PG can be safely treated by surgery. Death of malignant PC/PG was unusual, but the patients as a group had an increased risk of death. We recommend life-long follow-up of patients treated for PC/PG with screening for recurrent tumour in sporadic cases and for associated tumours in hereditary cases. This strategy would also be helpful in diagnosing cardiovascular disease at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khorram-Manesh
- Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Chandra V, Thompson GB, Bower TC, Taler SJ. Renal artery stenosis and a functioning hilar paraganglioma: a rare cause of renovascular hypertension--a case report. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2004; 38:385-90. [PMID: 15306959 DOI: 10.1177/153857440403800413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Surgically correctable causes of hypertension are uncommon. Simultaneous occurrence of 2 such causes in the same individual is extremely rare. The authors describe a 25-year-old woman with congenital erythrocytosis, renal artery stenosis, and a paraganglioma. The possible mechanisms of renal artery stenosis in the presence of a catecholamine-secreting tumor are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chandra
- Department of General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
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Omura M, Saito J, Yamaguchi K, Kakuta Y, Nishikawa T. Prospective study on the prevalence of secondary hypertension among hypertensive patients visiting a general outpatient clinic in Japan. Hypertens Res 2004; 27:193-202. [PMID: 15080378 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.27.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Secondary hypertension (SH) including endocrine hypertension has been reported to be uncommon. We estimated the prevalence of SH among hypertensive patients. We prospectively studied 1,020 hypertensive patients. As an initial screening, we measured plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, serum cortisol concentration and plasma catecholamine concentration and conducted abdominal ultrasonography (US). As a secondary screening, we performed furosemide plus upright test, captopril renography, dexamethasone suppression test, 24-h urine catecholamine measurement and abdominal CT. Finally, primary aldosteronism with the exception of idiopathic hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma, and Cushing's syndrome were diagnosed by histopathological examination of surgical specimens. Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism was clinically diagnosed by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-stimulated adrenal venous sampling and renovascular hypertension by renal arteriography. There were 61 patients with primary aldosteronism, 5 with renovascular hypertension, 11 with Cushing's syndrome, 10 with preclinical Cushing's syndrome and 6 with pheochromocytoma, and the prevalence of SH was 9.1% among 1,020 hypertensive patients. In 76 (82%) of 93 patients with SH, hypertension was cured or improved after unilateral adrenalectomy, transsphenoidal pituitary adenectomy or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. With the exception of US and CT, all initial and secondary screening tests were found to be sensitive and specific for differentiating SH from essential hypertension (EH). In conclusion, the measurement of various hormone concentrations was very sensitive for ruling out SH--a condition for which, in the present study, there were few specific signs or symptoms--while CT and US examinations were not always useful for differentiating SH from EH. The prevalence of curable SH among hypertensive subjects was higher in this study, which was conducted by our simple method of screening tests, than in previous reports. Hypertensive patients should be screened for SH and the underlying disease treated appropriately to avoid long-term use of antihypertensive drugs and risks of atherosclerotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Omura
- Department of Medicine, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
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Williams DT, Dann S, Wheeler MH. Phaeochromocytoma--views on current management. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2003; 29:483-90. [PMID: 12875853 DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(03)00071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the current investigation and management of phaeochromocytoma. METHODS Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent surgical excision of phaeochromocytoma in the Department of Endocrine Surgery at the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff. Forty-seven patients (24 female and 23 males) were studied. Preoperative diagnosis was established by measurement of urinary catecholamines (HMMA, metadrenalines, and fractionated catecholamines). Tumour localisation was achieved by using ultrasound, CT, MRI and MIBG scintigraphy. Preoperative medical preparation and control of hypertension was achieved in the majority of cases by alpha adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine and the beta blocker propranol. Surgery was performed by a variety of approaches which included laparotomy, posterior extraperitoneal and laparoscopic methods. All patients were followed up post-operatively in a surgical endocrine clinic. RESULTS Seventy percent of patients presented with hypertension but only 21.3% gave a history of paroxsmal hypertension. CT scanning and MRI proved to be the most sensitive localisation investigations. Excellent preoperative control of hypertension was achieved with alpha adrenergic blockade but induction of anaesthesia, rather than tumour handling was noted to be associated with most hypertensive surges of blood pressure. There was a zero 30 day post-operative mortality but 10 complications of surgery occurred in 8 patients (21.3%). Cure of hypertension was achieved in 80% of patients. Attempts to perform cortex sparing procedures in patients with familial disease and multiple tumours was not successful in the long term. CONCLUSIONS Surgical excision of phaeochromocytoma is a procedure, which can be performed with zero mortality and a low morbidity resulting in a high cure rate for hypertension. Adequate preoperative pharmacological control of hypertension is mandatory. Localisation techniques permit a focussed approach with increasing use of laparoscopy. Those patients with familial disease and those with multiple tumours pose particular management challenges. For an optimum and satisfactory outcome a planned multidisciplinary approach is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Williams
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XW, Cardiff, UK
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Maranchie JK, Afonso A, Albert PS, Kalyandrug S, Phillips JL, Zhou S, Peterson J, Ghadimi BM, Hurley K, Riss J, Vasselli JR, Ried T, Zbar B, Choyke P, Walther MM, Klausner RD, Linehan WM. Solid renal tumor severity in von Hippel Lindau disease is related to germline deletion length and location. Hum Mutat 2003; 23:40-6. [PMID: 14695531 DOI: 10.1002/humu.10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
von Hippel Lindau disease (VHL) is an autosomal dominant familial cancer syndrome linked to alteration of the VHL tumor suppressor gene. Affected patients are predisposed to develop pheochromocytomas and cystic and solid tumors of the kidney, CNS, pancreas, retina, and epididymis. However, organ involvement varies considerably among families and has been shown to correlate with the underlying germline alteration. Clinically, we observed a paradoxically lower prevalence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in patients with complete germline deletion of VHL. To determine if a relationship existed between the type of VHL deletion and disease, we retrospectively evaluated 123 patients from 55 families with large germline VHL deletions, including 42 intragenic partial deletions and 13 complete VHL deletions, by history and radiographic imaging. Each individual and family was scored for cystic or solid involvement of CNS, pancreas, and kidney, and for pheochromocytoma. Germline deletions were mapped using a combination of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative Southern and Southern blot analysis. An age-adjusted comparison demonstrated a higher prevalence of RCC in patients with partial germline VHL deletions relative to complete deletions (48.9 vs. 22.6%, p=0.007). This striking phenotypic dichotomy was not seen for cystic renal lesions or for CNS (p=0.22), pancreas (p=0.72), or pheochromocytoma (p=0.34). Deletion mapping revealed that development of RCC had an even greater correlation with retention of HSPC300 (C3orf10), located within the 30-kb region of chromosome 3p, immediately telomeric to VHL (52.3 vs. 18.9%, p <0.001), suggesting the presence of a neighboring gene or genes critical to the development and maintenance of RCC. Careful correlation of genotypic data with objective phenotypic measures will provide further insight into the mechanisms of tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi K Maranchie
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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17
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Lee BMK, Ti LK. A painful pulsatile abdominal mass in a young man with elevated blood pressures: an unusual presentation of phaeochromocytoma. Anaesth Intensive Care 2002; 30:490-4. [PMID: 12180592 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0203000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report an unusual presentation of phaeochromocytoma in a young man with a painful, pulsatile abdominal mass and elevated blood pressures. This led to a delay in diagnosis and resulted in the administration of triggers of catecholamine release, possibly causing a catecholamine surge. This caused the development of catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy and multiple organ failure, requiring inotropic and ventilatory support, intra-aortic balloon pump and dialysis. Fortunately, his condition reversed with supportive treatment and alpha-adrenergic blockade. This illustrates the importance of having a high index of suspicion of phaeochromocytoma, especially in young patients with elevated blood pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M K Lee
- Department of Anaesthesia, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Friedman JM, Arbiser J, Epstein JA, Gutmann DH, Huot SJ, Lin AE, McManus B, Korf BR. Cardiovascular disease in neurofibromatosis 1: report of the NF1 Cardiovascular Task Force. Genet Med 2002; 4:105-11. [PMID: 12180143 DOI: 10.1097/00125817-200205000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) are at increased risk for a variety of cardiovascular disorders, but the natural history and pathogenesis of these abnormalities are poorly understood. METHODS The National Neurofibromatosis Foundation convened an expert task force to review current knowledge about cardiovascular manifestations of NF1 and to make recommendations regarding clinical management and research priorities related to these features of the disease. RESULTS This report summarizes the NF1 Cardiovascular Task Force's current understanding of vasculopathy, hypertension, and congenital heart defects that occur in association with NF1. Recommendations are made regarding routine surveillance for cardiovascular disease and diagnostic evaluation and management of cardiovascular disorders in individuals with NF1. CONCLUSION Our understanding of the natural history and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in NF1 has improved substantially in the past few years, but many clinically important questions remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Friedman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, 6174 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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19
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Hirsch NP, Murphy A, Radcliffe JJ. Neurofibromatosis: clinical presentations and anaesthetic implications. Br J Anaesth 2001; 86:555-64. [PMID: 11573632 DOI: 10.1093/bja/86.4.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurofibromatoses are autosomal dominant diseases that have widespread effects on ectodermal and mesodermal tissue. The commonest member of the group is neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) which varies in severity but which can affect all physiological systems. Neurofibromas are the characteristic lesions of the condition and not only occur in the neuraxis but may also be found in the oropharnyx and larynx; these may produce difficulties with laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Pulmonary pathology includes pulmonary fibrosis and cystic lung disease. The cardiovascular manifestations of NF1 include hypertension, which may be associated with phaeochromocytoma or renal artery stenosis. Neurofibromas may also affect the gastrointestinal tract and carcinoid tumours may be found in the duodenum. This review documents the aetiology and clinical manifestations of the neurofibromatoses and discusses their relevance to the anaesthetist.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Hirsch
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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Witteles RM, Kaplan EL, Roizen MF. Safe and cost-effective preoperative preparation of patients with pheochromocytoma. Anesth Analg 2000; 91:302-4. [PMID: 10910837 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200008000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the management of patients diagnosed with pheochromocytoma at a major academic teaching hospital. The findings indicate that most patients can be safely managed as outpatients preoperatively, resulting in significantly shorter hospitalizations and no adverse sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Witteles
- Departments of Anesthesia and Critical Care and Surgery, The University of Chicago Hospitals IL 60637, USA
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Witteles RM, Kaplan EL, Roizen MF. Safe and Cost-Effective Preoperative Preparation of Patients with Pheochromocytoma. Anesth Analg 2000. [DOI: 10.1213/00000539-200008000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prys-Roberts
- Sir Humphry Davy Department of Anaesthesia, Bristol Royal Infirmary, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenal pheochromocytoma is potentially lethal if undetected and is associated with long-term morbidity. METHODS Records of patients (11 men, 18 women) with confirmed pheochromocytoma were studied with respect to clinicopathological features and outcome. RESULTS Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed in 4 of 8,486 (0.05%) autopsies and accounted for 3 of the 4 immediate causes of death. Operative mortality occurred in 1 patient with undiagnosed tumor. Hypertensive-related complications occurred in 6 patients before diagnosis. Malignancy was documented in 7 patients with distant metastases (n = 4) or locally invasive tumors (n = 3). During a median follow-up of 4 years, 23 patients are alive and free of disease (79%). Four of the 6 patients (67%) who died had distant metastases compared with 2 of 23 patients (9%) without distant metastases (P = 0.04). Persistent hypertension and diabetes requiring treatment were present in 8 (35%) and 4 (17%) of 23 patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS Fatal complications preceded diagnosis in a significant proportion of patients with pheochromocytoma. The presence of distant metastases was associated with poor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lo
- Departments of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE We review the literature and characterize the clinical findings of von Recklinghausen's associated pheochromocytoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Grateful Med search for the years 1966 to 1999 was performed on the subjects, "von Recklinghausen" and "neurofibromatosis." Articles from the Grateful Med search were then reviewed to identify older publications. Of 325 articles 118 are included in this review. RESULTS Pheochromocytomas have been clinically identified in 0.1 to 5.7% of patients with von Recklinghausen's disease. Mean patient age was 42 years (range 1.5 to 74) in 87 women and 61 men at presentation with pheochromocytoma. Of the 148 patients 84% had solitary adrenal tumors, 9.6% bilateral adrenal disease and 6.1% ectopic pheochromocytomas. Symptoms related to pheochromocytoma or hypertension were noted in 78% of the patients. Tumors secreted epinephrine and norepinephrine, and 87% demonstrated metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake. Of the 148 patients 6% died during pregnancy or a medical procedure, or due to hypertensive crisis without apparent provocation, 8.8% had gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors and 11.5% had metastases or local invasion from pheochromocytoma. CONCLUSIONS Pheochromocytomas occur in a small but defined number of patients with von Recklinghausen's disease, and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality if not detected. Screening of patients with von Recklinghausen's disease and hypertension or before provocative procedures or pregnancy seems to be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Walther
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kothari A, Bethune M, Manwaring J, Astley N, Wallace E. Massive bilateral phaeochromocytomas in association with Von Hippel Lindau syndrome in pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1999; 39:381-4. [PMID: 10554962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1999.tb03425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of large bilateral phaeochromocytomas in pregnancy, found coincidentally by ultrasonography at 26 weeks' gestation, in a woman with a family history of Von Hippel Lindau syndrome. Further, we report maternal and fetal serum and amniotic fluid phenoxybenzamine levels from this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kothari
- Women's Health Care Program, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria
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