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Higuchi T, Takagi K, Tochimoto A, Ichimura Y, Hirose H, Sawada T, Shibata N, Harigai M, Kawaguchi Y. Antifibrotic effect of apremilast in systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblasts and bleomycin-induced mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19378. [PMID: 37938601 PMCID: PMC10632419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors have been reported to suppress the progression of dermal fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc); however, the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, we conducted experiments focusing on the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of apremilast using dermal fibroblasts derived from patients with SSc and an SSc mouse model. Dermal fibroblasts derived from healthy controls and patients with SSc were incubated with apremilast in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 for the measurement of intracellular cAMP levels and evaluation of mRNA and protein expression. A bleomycin-induced dermal fibrosis mouse model was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of apremilast on the progression of dermal fibrosis. Intracellular cAMP levels were significantly reduced in dermal fibroblasts derived from patients with SSc compared with those derived from healthy controls. Apremilast reduced the mRNA expression of profibrotic markers and the protein expression of type I collagen and Cellular Communication Network Factor 2 (CCN2) in dermal fibroblasts. Additionally, apremilast inhibited the progression of dermal fibrosis in mice, partly by acting on T cells. These results suggest that apremilast may be a potential candidate for treating dermal fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Higuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Multidisciplinary Management of Rheumatic Diseases, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Kae Takagi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tochimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Ichimura
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hirose
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hao R, Wang C, Yang C, Chang J, Wang X, Yuan B, Xu H, Zhou S, Fan C, Li Z. Transdermal delivery of Protocatechuic aldehyde using hyaluronic acid/gelatin-based microneedles for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scars. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 184:202-213. [PMID: 36773724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of hypertrophic scar (HS) involves many pathological processes, such as reduced apoptosis in fibroblasts, excessive collagen deposition by fibroblasts, over-abundant angiogenesis, etc. The therapeutic effects of current treatments targeting one single pathological process are limited. Due to their diverse biological activities, natural products offer a potential solution to this issue. In this study reported herein, we investigated the effects of Protocatechuic aldehyde (PA) on both hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts (HSF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Microneedles (MN) containing PA and hyaluronic acid (HA) or containing PA, HA, and gelatin were prepared by mixing PA stock solution with HA or HA/gelatin at a ratio of 1:10. The HS prevention and treatment outcomes of these HA-PA-MN and HA/gelatin-PA-MN were tested using a rabbit ear HS model. Our data indicate that PA induces apoptosis and reduces collagen deposition in HSF. In addition, PA attenuates VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis of HUVECs. Furthermore, HA-PA-MN or HA/gelatin-PA-MN are able to effectively penetrate the epidermis of the HS tissues and then quickly dissolve, enabling the fast release of PA directly into the dermis of the HS tissues. HA-PA-MN or HA/Gelatin-PA-MN have also been found to effectively prevent or alleviate HS in a rabbit ear HS model. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that PA can be used to prevent and treat HS by simultaneously regulating HSF and HUVECs, which offers a potential novel reagent for HS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Hao
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiqiao Wang
- Department of Burn, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Burn, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haiting Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Zhiming Li
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Schick MA, Schlegel N. Clinical Implication of Phosphodiesterase-4-Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031209. [PMID: 35163131 PMCID: PMC8835523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic function of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent pathways in health and disease led to the development of pharmacological phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-I) to attenuate cAMP degradation. While there are many isotypes of PDE, a predominant role of PDE4 is to regulate fundamental functions, including endothelial and epithelial barrier stability, modulation of inflammatory responses and cognitive and/or mood functions. This makes the use of PDE4-I an interesting tool for various therapeutic approaches. However, due to the presence of PDE4 in many tissues, there is a significant danger for serious side effects. Based on this, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the approaches and effects of PDE4-I for different therapeutic applications. In summary, despite many obstacles to use of PDE4-I for different therapeutic approaches, the current data warrant future research to utilize the therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alexander Schick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicolas Schlegel
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Wuerzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
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