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Ibáñez-Cabellos JS, Pallardó FV, García-Giménez JL, Seco-Cervera M. Oxidative Stress and Epigenetics: miRNA Involvement in Rare Autoimmune Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040800. [PMID: 37107175 PMCID: PMC10135388 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) such as Sjögren’s syndrome, Kawasaki disease, and systemic sclerosis are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and autoantibodies, which cause joint tissue damage, vascular injury, fibrosis, and debilitation. Epigenetics participate in immune cell proliferation and differentiation, which regulates the development and function of the immune system, and ultimately interacts with other tissues. Indeed, overlapping of certain clinical features between ADs indicate that numerous immunologic-related mechanisms may directly participate in the onset and progression of these diseases. Despite the increasing number of studies that have attempted to elucidate the relationship between miRNAs and oxidative stress, autoimmune disorders and oxidative stress, and inflammation and miRNAs, an overall picture of the complex regulation of these three actors in the pathogenesis of ADs has yet to be formed. This review aims to shed light from a critical perspective on the key AD-related mechanisms by explaining the intricate regulatory ROS/miRNA/inflammation axis and the phenotypic features of these rare autoimmune diseases. The inflamma-miRs miR-155 and miR-146, and the redox-sensitive miR miR-223 have relevant roles in the inflammatory response and antioxidant system regulation of these diseases. ADs are characterized by clinical heterogeneity, which impedes early diagnosis and effective personalized treatment. Redox-sensitive miRNAs and inflamma-miRs can help improve personalized medicine in these complex and heterogeneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- U733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.V.P.); (J.L.G.-G.); (M.S.-C.); Tel.: +34-963-864-646 (F.V.P.)
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- U733, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Mixed Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.V.P.); (J.L.G.-G.); (M.S.-C.); Tel.: +34-963-864-646 (F.V.P.)
| | - Marta Seco-Cervera
- Hospital Dr. Peset, Fundación para la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, FISABIO, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.V.P.); (J.L.G.-G.); (M.S.-C.); Tel.: +34-963-864-646 (F.V.P.)
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2
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Elko EA, Cunniff B, Seward DJ, Chia SB, Aboushousha R, van de Wetering C, van der Velden J, Manuel A, Shukla A, Heintz NH, Anathy V, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Peroxiredoxins and Beyond; Redox Systems Regulating Lung Physiology and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1070-1091. [PMID: 30799628 PMCID: PMC6767868 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The lung is a unique organ, as it is constantly exposed to air, and thus it requires a robust antioxidant defense system to prevent the potential damage from exposure to an array of environmental insults, including oxidants. The peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family plays an important role in scavenging peroxides and is critical to the cellular antioxidant defense system. Recent Advances: Exciting discoveries have been made to highlight the key features of PRDXs that regulate the redox tone. PRDXs do not act in isolation as they require the thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH, sulfiredoxin (SRXN1) redox system, and in some cases glutaredoxin/glutathione, for their reduction. Furthermore, the chaperone function of PRDXs, controlled by the oxidation state, demonstrates the versatility in redox regulation and control of cellular biology exerted by this class of proteins. Critical Issues: Despite the long-known observations that redox perturbations accompany a number of pulmonary diseases, surprisingly little is known about the role of PRDXs in the etiology of these diseases. In this perspective, we review the studies that have been conducted thus far to address the roles of PRDXs in lung disease, or experimental models used to study these diseases. Intriguing findings, such as the secretion of PRDXs and the formation of autoantibodies, raise a number of questions about the pathways that regulate secretion, redox status, and immune response to PRDXs. Future Directions: Further understanding of the mechanisms by which individual PRDXs control lung inflammation, injury, repair, chronic remodeling, and cancer, and the importance of PRDX oxidation state, configuration, and client proteins that govern these processes is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Elko
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - David J Seward
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Shi Biao Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jos van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Allison Manuel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Arti Shukla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Nicholas H Heintz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Yvonne M W Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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3
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Doridot L, Jeljeli M, Chêne C, Batteux F. Implication of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis via inflammation, autoimmunity and fibrosis. Redox Biol 2019; 25:101122. [PMID: 30737171 PMCID: PMC6859527 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and a progressive fibrosis affecting the skin and visceral organs. Over the last two decades, it became clear that oxidative stress plays a key role in its pathogenesis. In this review, we highlighted the role of ROS in the various pathological components of systemic sclerosis, namely the inflammatory, the autoimmune and the fibrotic processes. We also discussed how these pathological processes can induce ROS overproduction, thus maintaining a vicious circle. Finally, we summarized the therapeutic approaches targeting oxidative stress tested in systemic sclerosis, in cells, animal models and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Doridot
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
| | - Mohamed Jeljeli
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Department of Immunology, Cochin Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 27, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, F75014, Paris, France
| | | | - Frédéric Batteux
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Department of Immunology, Cochin Teaching Hospital, AP-HP, 27, rue du faubourg Saint-Jacques, F75014, Paris, France
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4
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Vona R, Giovannetti A, Gambardella L, Malorni W, Pietraforte D, Straface E. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of systemic scleroderma: An overview. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3308-3314. [PMID: 29664231 PMCID: PMC6010858 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare disorder of the connective tissue characterized by fibrosis of the skin, skeletal muscles and visceral organs. Additional manifestations include activation of the immune system and vascular injury. SSc causes disability and death as the result of end‐stage organ failure. Two clinical subsets of the SSc are accepted: limited cutaneous SSc (lc‐SSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dc‐SSc). At present, the aetiology and pathogenesis of SSc remain obscure, and consequently, disease outcome is unpredictable. Numerous studies suggest that reactive oxidizing species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Over the years, several reports have supported this hypothesis for both lc‐SSc and dc‐SSc, although the specific role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vascular injury and fibrosis remains to be clarified. The aim of the present review was to report and comment the recent findings regarding the involvement and role of oxidative stress in SSc pathogenesis. Biomarkers proving the link between ROS and the main pathological features of SSc have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Rome, Italy.,Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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5
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Gamal SM, Elgengehy FT, Kamal A, El Bakry SA, Shabaan E, Elgendy A, Bassyouni IH. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) Level and Relation to Clinical Manifestations in Egyptian Systemic Sclerosis patients: Preliminary Data. Immunol Invest 2017; 46:703-713. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1360340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. Gamal
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatema T. Elgengehy
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Kamal
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah A. El Bakry
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Ain Shams University Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elham Shabaan
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Ain Shams University Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Elgendy
- Complementary medical department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman H. Bassyouni
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis: recent insights of molecular and cellular mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2017. [DOI: 10.5301/jsrd.5000249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex disease characterized by early microvascular abnormalities, immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation, and subsequent fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Excessive fibrosis, distinguishing hallmark of SSc, is the end result of a complex series of interlinked vascular injury and immune activation, and represents a maladaptive repair process. Activated vascular, epithelial, and immune cells generate pro-fibrotic cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, lipid mediators, autoantibodies, and reactive oxygen species. These paracrine and autocrine cues in turn induce activation, differentiation, and survival of mesenchymal cells, ensuing tissue fibrosis through increased collagen synthesis, matrix deposition, tissue rigidity and remodeling, and vascular rarefaction. This review features recent insights of the pathogenic process of SSc, highlighting three major characteristics of SSc, microvasculopathy, excessive fibrosis, and immune dysregulation, and sheds new light on the understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of SSc and providing novel avenues for targeted therapies.
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7
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Jee AS, Adelstein S, Bleasel J, Keir GJ, Nguyen M, Sahhar J, Youssef P, Corte TJ. Role of Autoantibodies in the Diagnosis of Connective-Tissue Disease ILD (CTD-ILD) and Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features (IPAF). J Clin Med 2017; 6:E51. [PMID: 28471413 PMCID: PMC5447942 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) requires meticulous evaluation for an underlying connective tissue disease (CTD), with major implications for prognosis and management. CTD associated ILD (CTD-ILD) occurs most commonly in the context of an established CTD, but can be the first and/or only manifestation of an occult CTD or occur in patients who have features suggestive of an autoimmune process, but not meeting diagnostic criteria for a defined CTD-recently defined as "interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features" (IPAF). The detection of specific autoantibodies serves a critical role in the diagnosis of CTD-ILD, but there remains a lack of data to guide clinical practice including which autoantibodies should be tested on initial assessment and when or in whom serial testing should be performed. The implications of detecting autoantibodies in patients with IPAF on disease behaviour and management remain unknown. The evaluation of CTD-ILD is challenging due to the heterogeneity of presentations and types of CTD and ILD that may be encountered, and thus it is imperative that immunologic tests are interpreted in conjunction with a detailed rheumatologic history and examination and multidisciplinary collaboration between respiratory physicians, rheumatologists, immunologists, radiologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelle S Jee
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Stephen Adelstein
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Southwest Sydney Pathology Service, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Jane Bleasel
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Gregory J Keir
- Department of Respiratory, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - MaiAnh Nguyen
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Joanne Sahhar
- Department of Rheumatology, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
- Department Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Peter Youssef
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
| | - Tamera J Corte
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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8
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Li Q, Uygun BE, Geerts S, Ozer S, Scalf M, Gilpin SE, Ott HC, Yarmush ML, Smith LM, Welham NV, Frey BL. Proteomic analysis of naturally-sourced biological scaffolds. Biomaterials 2015; 75:37-46. [PMID: 26476196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A key challenge to the clinical implementation of decellularized scaffold-based tissue engineering lies in understanding the process of removing cells and immunogenic material from a donor tissue/organ while maintaining the biochemical and biophysical properties of the scaffold that will promote growth of newly seeded cells. Current criteria for evaluating whole organ decellularization are primarily based on nucleic acids, as they are easy to quantify and have been directly correlated to adverse host responses. However, numerous proteins cause immunogenic responses and thus should be measured directly to further understand and quantify the efficacy of decellularization. In addition, there has been increasing appreciation for the role of the various protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in directing cell growth and regulating organ function. We performed in-depth proteomic analysis on four types of biological scaffolds and identified a large number of both remnant cellular and ECM proteins. Measurements of individual protein abundances during the decellularization process revealed significant removal of numerous cellular proteins, but preservation of most structural matrix proteins. The observation that decellularized scaffolds still contain many cellular proteins, although at decreased abundance, indicates that elimination of DNA does not assure adequate removal of all cellular material. Thus, proteomic analysis provides crucial characterization of the decellularization process to create biological scaffolds for future tissue/organ replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Basak E Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sharon Geerts
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sinan Ozer
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark Scalf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Harald C Ott
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lloyd M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nathan V Welham
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Brian L Frey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Bourji K, Meyer A, Chatelus E, Pincemail J, Pigatto E, Defraigne JO, Singh F, Charlier C, Geny B, Gottenberg JE, Punzi L, Cozzi F, Sibilia J. High reactive oxygen species in fibrotic and nonfibrotic skin of patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 87:282-9. [PMID: 26143738 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic multisystemic connective tissue disease characterized by progressive fibrosis affecting skin and internal organs. Despite serious efforts to unveil the pathogenic mechanisms of SSc, they are still unclear. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in affected patients have been shown, and ROS are suggested to play a role in fibrosis pathogenesis. In this study we evaluate ROS levels in nonfibrotic and fibrotic skin of patients with SSc and we compare them with those obtained from healthy controls. We enrolled nine SSc patients fulfilling the EULAR/ACR classification criteria and seven healthy controls. Patients included four men and five women with mean age of 46 ± 10 years. Controls were matched by sex and age. All patients were affected by the diffuse cutaneous form of SSc and the ANA pattern anti-Scl70. Mean disease duration was 7.5 ± 5 years. Skin involvement was evaluated by modified Rodnan skin score. Skin samples (4-mm punch biopsy) were taken from fibrotic skin and nonfibrotic skin of patients and from healthy controls as well. To detect ROS, specimens were analyzed immediately after sampling by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Blood samples were drawn from all patients and controls to assess oxidative stress biomarkers. ROS levels (expressed as median and range, in nmol/L/min/mg of dry weight) were 24.7 (10.9-47.0) in fibrotic skin, 18.7 (7.3-34.0) in nonfibrotic skin, and 7.7 (3.5-13.6) in healthy control skin. ROS levels in fibrotic and nonfibrotic skin of SSc patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls (p = 0.002 and p = 0.009, respectively). ROS levels in fibrotic skin were raised in comparison to nonfibrotic skin, when samples related to each patient were compared (p = 0.01). ROS levels in fibrotic skin were correlated with forced vital capacity (r = -0.75, p = 0.02) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.70, p = 0.04). All other clinical and lab parameters showed no significant correlation. Compared to controls, blood from SSc patients showed lower ascorbate (vitamin C) levels (8 (3.8-9.8) vs 10.5 (9-19.1) mg/L, p = 0.004) and higher lipid peroxides (873.5 (342-1973) vs 422 (105-576) μmol/L, p = 0.004). Our results indicate the presence of high oxidative stress in both nonfibrotic skin and fibrotic skin of SSc patients, but with higher tendency in the latter. Raised ROS levels in nonfibrotic skin of SSc patients might be a hint of early involvement in skin fibrogenesis. However, a longitudinal prospective study is necessary for such proof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Bourji
- Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alain Meyer
- Division of Rheumatology and; Division of Physiology and Functional Explorations, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Erika Pigatto
- Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - François Singh
- Division of Physiology and Functional Explorations, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Department of Toxicology, CHU-University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Geny
- Division of Physiology and Functional Explorations, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Leonardo Punzi
- Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Cozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Dubucquoi S, Proust-Lemoine E, Kemp EH, Ryndak A, Lefèvre-Dutoit V, Bellart M, Saugier-Véber P, Duban-Deweer S, Wémeau JL, Prin L, Lefranc D. Serological proteome analysis reveals new specific biases in the IgM and IgG autoantibody repertoires in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. Autoimmunity 2015; 48:532-41. [PMID: 26312540 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1077230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS 1) is caused by mutations in the AIRE gene that induce intrathymic T-cell tolerance breakdown, which results in tissue-specific autoimmune diseases. DESIGN To evaluate the effect of a well-defined T-cell repertoire impairment on humoral self-reactive fingerprints, comparative serum self-IgG and self-IgM reactivities were analyzed using both one- and two-dimensional western blotting approaches against a broad spectrum of peripheral tissue antigens. METHODS Autoantibody patterns of APS 1 patients were compared with those of subjects affected by other autoimmune endocrinopathies (OAE) and healthy controls. RESULTS Using a Chi-square test, significant changes in the Ab repertoire were found when intergroup patterns were compared. A singular distortion of both serum self-IgG and self-IgM repertoires was noted in APS 1 patients. The molecular characterization of these antigenic targets was conducted using a proteomic approach. In this context, autoantibodies recognized more significantly either tissue-specific antigens, such as pancreatic amylase, pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase and pancreatic regenerating protein 1α, or widely distributed antigens, such as peroxiredoxin-2, heat shock cognate 71-kDa protein and aldose reductase. As expected, a well-defined self-reactive T-cell repertoire impairment, as described in APS 1 patients, affected the tissue-specific self-IgG repertoire. Interestingly, discriminant IgM reactivities targeting both tissue-specific and more widely expressed antigens were also specifically observed in APS 1 patients. Using recombinant targets, we observed that post translational modifications of these specific antigens impacted upon their recognition. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that T-cell-dependent but also T-cell-independent mechanisms are involved in the dynamic evolution of autoimmunity in APS 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Dubucquoi
- a CHRU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie - Centre de Biologie Pathologie et Génétique , Lille , France
- b UDSL, EA 2686, UFR Médecine , Lille , France
- c Univ Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
| | - Emmanuelle Proust-Lemoine
- b UDSL, EA 2686, UFR Médecine , Lille , France
- c Univ Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
- d CHRU Lille Service d'Endocrinologie , Lille , France
| | - E Helen Kemp
- e Department of Human Metabolism , University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
| | - Amélie Ryndak
- b UDSL, EA 2686, UFR Médecine , Lille , France
- c Univ Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
- d CHRU Lille Service d'Endocrinologie , Lille , France
| | - Virginie Lefèvre-Dutoit
- a CHRU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie - Centre de Biologie Pathologie et Génétique , Lille , France
- b UDSL, EA 2686, UFR Médecine , Lille , France
- c Univ Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
| | - Marine Bellart
- a CHRU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie - Centre de Biologie Pathologie et Génétique , Lille , France
- b UDSL, EA 2686, UFR Médecine , Lille , France
- c Univ Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
| | | | - Sophie Duban-Deweer
- c Univ Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
- g UArtois, LBHE , EA 2465 , Lens , France
| | - Jean-Louis Wémeau
- b UDSL, EA 2686, UFR Médecine , Lille , France
- c Univ Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
- d CHRU Lille Service d'Endocrinologie , Lille , France
| | - Lionel Prin
- a CHRU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie - Centre de Biologie Pathologie et Génétique , Lille , France
- b UDSL, EA 2686, UFR Médecine , Lille , France
- c Univ Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
| | - Didier Lefranc
- b UDSL, EA 2686, UFR Médecine , Lille , France
- c Univ Lille Nord de France , Lille , France
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11
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Gharesi-Fard B. Preoxiredoxin family members (Prx3 and Prx4) and pregnancy disorder (recurrent pregnancy loss). Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1208:299-311. [PMID: 25323516 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1441-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Placenta is a pregnancy unique tissue, and proper formation of placenta is a key phenomenal step for success of a pregnancy. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a family of antioxidant proteins. This family is composed of six members, among which Peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) and Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4) are expressed by cytotrophoblast cells and play an important role in the implantation and a normal placentation through their antioxidant activities. Although the presence of autoantibody against several peroxiredoxin family members was reported before, there was no report regarding the presence of antibodies against Prx3 or Prx4 in human pregnancy miscarriage. So for the first time we hypothesize and indicate that uncontrolled oxidative stress, due to anti-peroxiredoxins antibodies, may affect the proper formation of the placenta and lead to placentation-related pregnancy disorders such as miscarriage. Our results indicate that two placental proteins, Prx3 and Prx4, may act as new placental immune targets. Considering the role of antioxidant defense in the protection of placenta from oxidative stress, production of antibodies against peroxiredoxins 3 and 4 may introduce a new autoimmune hypothesis for miscarriages, which is needed to be tested in the future works.
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Bălănescu P, Lădaru A, Bălănescu E, Băicuş C, Dan GA. Systemic sclerosis biomarkers discovered using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics: a systematic review. Biomarkers 2014; 19:345-55. [PMID: 24831309 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.920046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with incompletely known physiopathology. There is a great challenge to predict its course and therapeutic response using biomarkers. OBJECTIVE To critically review proteomic biomarkers discovered from biological specimens from systemic sclerosis patients using mass spectrometry technologies. METHODS Medline and Embase databases were searched in February 2014. RESULTS Out of the 199 records retrieved, a total of 20 records were included, identifying 116 candidate proteomic biomarkers. CONCLUSION Research in SSc proteomic biomarkers should focus on biomarker validation, as there are valuable mass-spectrometry proteomics studies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bălănescu
- Clinical Immunology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital , Bucharest , Romania
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Lee S, Kim SM, Lee RT. Thioredoxin and thioredoxin target proteins: from molecular mechanisms to functional significance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1165-207. [PMID: 22607099 PMCID: PMC3579385 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system is one of the central antioxidant systems in mammalian cells, maintaining a reducing environment by catalyzing electron flux from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate through Trx reductase to Trx, which reduces its target proteins using highly conserved thiol groups. While the importance of protecting cells from the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species is clear, decades of research in this field revealed that there is a network of redox-sensitive proteins forming redox-dependent signaling pathways that are crucial for fundamental cellular processes, including metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Trx participates in signaling pathways interacting with different proteins to control their dynamic regulation of structure and function. In this review, we focus on Trx target proteins that are involved in redox-dependent signaling pathways. Specifically, Trx-dependent reductive enzymes that participate in classical redox reactions and redox-sensitive signaling molecules are discussed in greater detail. The latter are extensively discussed, as ongoing research unveils more and more details about the complex signaling networks of Trx-sensitive signaling molecules such as apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, Trx interacting protein, and phosphatase and tensin homolog, thus highlighting the potential direct and indirect impact of their redox-dependent interaction with Trx. Overall, the findings that are described here illustrate the importance and complexity of Trx-dependent, redox-sensitive signaling in the cell. Our increasing understanding of the components and mechanisms of these signaling pathways could lead to the identification of new potential targets for the treatment of diseases, including cancer and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lee
- The Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Mehra S, Walker J, Patterson K, Fritzler MJ. Autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:340-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gharesi-Fard B, Jafarzadeh L, Ghaderi-shabankareh F, Zolghadri J, Kamali-Sarvestani E. Presence of autoantibody against two placental proteins, peroxiredoxin 3 and peroxiredoxin 4, in sera of recurrent pregnancy loss patients. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23190175 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as two or more consecutive abortion before the 20th week of gestation. Autoimmune diseases increase the risk and accounts for at least 20% of RPL. Placenta is a pregnancy unique tissue, and proper formation of placenta is key phenomenal for success of a pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the placental proteins that may act as antibody targets in RPL patients. METHOD OF STUDY Total placental proteins were extracted and separated using 2D-PAGE technique. Separated protein spots were transferred on PVDF membrane and blotted with sera from 20 RPL patients and compared with the protein spots that membrane blotted with sera from 20 normal women. Differentially blotted spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry mass spectrometry technique. The results of the mass analysis also were confirmed by western blot using mAb and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. RESULTS The results indicated that RPL women may produce antibody against Peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) and Peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that two placental proteins, Prx3 and Prx4, may act as new placental immune targets. Considering the role of antioxidant defense in the protection of placenta from oxidative stress, production of antibodies against peroxiredoxins 3 and 4 may introduce a new autoimmune hypothesis in RPL, which is needed to be tested in the future works.
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Ogawa F, Shimizu K, Muroi E, Hara T, Sato S. Increasing levels of serum antioxidant status, total antioxidant power, in systemic sclerosis. Clin Rheumatol 2011; 30:921-5. [PMID: 21327687 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-011-1695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the important factors that contribute to tissue damage in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Since the physiological response to oxidative stress is regulated by multiple antioxidant systems, it is important to measure quantitatively the total antioxidant capacity in the biological specimens. To determine the clinical significance of total antioxidant power (TAP) in SSc, we investigated the prevalence and clinical correlation of serum TAP levels in SSc patients. Serum TAP levels were examined in 49 patients with SSc by colorimetric microplate assay. The assay measures the total abilities for reducing Cu++ into Cu+. Clinical evaluation including medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests were conducted for all SSc patients. Serum TAP levels were significantly elevated in SSc patients compared to normal controls (p < 0.01). When values higher than the mean + 2SD of the control serum samples were considered to be elevated, TAP levels were elevated in 24% of total SSc patients, with 26% of diffuse cutaneous SSc patients and 23% of limited cutaneous SSc patients. Serum TAP levels were correlated positively with C-reacting protein (r = 0.35, p ≤ 0.05). However, no other significant correlation was observed between serum TAP levels and clinical features in SSc patients. These results suggested that oxidative stress is enhanced in SSc patients, and serum TAP levels increase as an indicator of the global response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihide Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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Yamamoto T. Autoimmune mechanisms of scleroderma and a role of oxidative stress. SELF NONSELF 2011; 2:4-10. [PMID: 21776329 DOI: 10.4161/self.2.1.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scleroderma is a fibrotic condition characterized by immunological abnormalities, vascular injury and increased accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the skin. Although the etiology of scleroderma has not yet been fully elucidated, a growing body of evidence suggests that extracellular matrix overproduction by activated fibroblasts results from complex interactions among endothelial cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts via a number of mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Recent investigations have further suggested that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved and play a role of autoimmunology in scleroderma. In this review, current findings on the autoimmune mechanisms in the pathophysiology of scleroderma are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology; Fukushima Medical University; Fukushima, Japan
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Lise MC, Sparsa A, Marie I, Lalloué F, Ly K, Martel C, Bezanahary H, Gondran G, Loustaud-Ratti V, Bonnetblanc JM, Vidal E, Jauberteau MO, Fauchais AL. Serum neurotrophin profile in systemic sclerosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13918. [PMID: 21085492 PMCID: PMC2976707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotrophins (NTs) are able to activate lymphocytes and fibroblasts; they can modulate angiogenesis and sympathic vascular function. Thus, they can be implicated in the three pathogenic processes of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aims of this study are to determine blood levels of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in SSc and to correlate them with clinical and biological data. Methods Serum samples were obtained from 55 SSc patients and 32 control subjects to measure NTs levels by ELISA and to determine their relationships with SSc profiles. Findings Serum NGF levels were higher in SSc patients (288.26±170.34 pg/mL) than in control subjects (170.34±50.8 pg/mL, p<0.001) and correlated with gammaglobulins levels and the presence of both anti-cardiolipin and anti-Scl-70 antibodies (p<0.05). In contrast, BDNF levels were lower in SSc patients than in controls (1121.9±158.1 vs 1372.9±190.9 pg/mL, p<0.0001), especially in pulmonary arterial hypertension and diffuse SSc as compared to limited forms (all p<0.05). NT-3 levels were similar in SSc and in the control group (2657.2±2296 vs 2959.3±2555 pg/mL, NS). BDNF levels correlated negatively with increased NGF levels in the SSc group (and not in controls). Conclusion Low BDNF serum levels were not previously documented in SSc, particularly in the diffuse SSc subset and in patients with pulmonary hypertension or anti-Scl-70 antibodies. The negative correlation between NGF and BDNF levels observed in SSc and not in healthy controls could be implicated in sympathic vascular dysfunction in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Lise
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, IFR 145, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Agnès Sparsa
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, IFR 145, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- Department of Dermatology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Isabelle Marie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, IFR 145, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Kim Ly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Clothilde Martel
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, IFR 145, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Holy Bezanahary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Guillaume Gondran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Vidal
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, IFR 145, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Odile Jauberteau
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, IFR 145, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- Department of Immunology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauchais
- EA3842 Homéostasie Cellulaire et Pathologies, IFR 145, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- * E-mail:
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Robinson MW, Hutchinson AT, Dalton JP, Donnelly S. Peroxiredoxin: a central player in immune modulation. Parasite Immunol 2010; 32:305-13. [PMID: 20500659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prx) are a family of anti-oxidants that protect cells from metabolically produced reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presence of these enzymes in the secretomes of many parasitic helminths suggests they provide protection against ROS released by host immune effector cells. However, we recently reported that helminth-secreted Prx also contribute to the development of Th2-responses via a mechanism involving the induction of alternatively activated macrophages. In this review, we discuss the role helminth Prx may play in modulating the immune responses of their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Robinson
- Institute for the Biotechnology of Infectious Diseases (IBID), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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KOIKE YUTA, MUROI EIJI, YOSHIZAKI AYUMI, OGAWA FUMIHIDE, YANABA KOICHI, TAKENAKA MOTOI, SHIMIZU KAZUHIRO, SATO SHINICHI. Autoantibody Against Survivin in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2010; 37:1864-70. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.091087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective.In patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), to determine concentrations of antibodies against survivin and their clinical association with SSc, and to evaluate serum survivin concentrations.Methods.Anti-survivin antibody was examined by ELISA and immunoblotting using human recombinant survivin. Serum survivin levels were assessed by ELISA.Results.IgG but not IgM anti-survivin antibody levels in patients with SSc were significantly higher than those in healthy controls and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). When cutoff values were set as mean + 2 SD of control, IgG anti-survivin antibodies were positive in 41% (25/61) of patients with SSc, while they were detected in only 1 healthy individual (3%, 1/29) and 1 patient with SLE (5%, 1/20). Regarding the clinical correlation, patients with SSc who were positive for IgG anti-survivin antibody exhibited significantly longer disease duration than those who were negative. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed the presence of anti-survivin antibody in sera from patients with SSc. Serum survivin levels in patients with SSc were also significantly higher than in controls and patients with SLE.Conclusion.Our results suggest that autoantibody against survivin is generated in patients with SSc, especially those with long disease duration.
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Autoantibody against caspase-3, an executioner of apoptosis, in patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:871-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Antioxidants and smoking in autoimmune disease — Opposing sides of the seesaw? Autoimmun Rev 2008; 8:165-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008; 20:729-35. [PMID: 18946335 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e328317a234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gabrielli A, Svegliati S, Moroncini G, Pomponio G, Santillo M, Avvedimento EV. Oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of scleroderma: the Murrell's hypothesis revisited. Semin Immunopathol 2008; 30:329-37. [PMID: 18548250 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-008-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) is a devastating, immune-mediated, multisystem disorder characterized by microvasculature damage, circulating autoantibodies, and fibroblast activation, leading to massive fibrosis of skin, vessels, muscles, and visceral organs. Scleroderma causes disability and death as the result of end-stage organ failure. At present, no specific diagnostic nor therapeutic tools are available to handle the disease. In spite of significant effort, the etiology and pathogenesis of SSc remain obscure and, consequently, the disease outcome is unpredictable. Several years ago, Murrell suggested a unifying hypothesis linking the pathogenesis of scleroderma to the generation of a large excess of reactive oxygen species. This hypothesis has been substantiated by several reports indicating the presence of an abnormal redox state in patients with scleroderma. This review will summarize the available evidence supporting the link between free radicals and the main pathological features of scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Clinica Medica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
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Griffiths LG, Choe LH, Reardon KF, Dow SW, Christopher Orton E. Immunoproteomic identification of bovine pericardium xenoantigens. Biomaterials 2008; 29:3514-20. [PMID: 18514307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bovine pericardium is an important biomaterial with current application in glutaraldehyde-fixed bioprosthetic heart valves and possible future application as an unfixed biological scaffold for tissue engineering. The importance of both humoral and cell-mediated rejection responses toward fixed and unfixed xenogeneic tissues has become increasingly apparent. However, the full scope and specific identities of bovine pericardium proteins that can elicit an immune response remain largely unknown. In this study, an immunoproteomic approach was used to survey bovine pericardium proteins for their ability to elicit a humoral immune response in rabbits. A two-stage protein extraction protocol was used to separate bovine pericardium proteins into water- and lipid-soluble fractions. Two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis was performed to separate the proteins from each fraction. Western blots were generated from 2-D gels of both bovine pericardium protein fractions. These blots were probed with serum from rabbits immunized with bovine pericardium and a secondary antibody was used to assess for IgG positivity. Western blots were compared to duplicate 2-D gels and proteins in matched spots were identified by tandem mass spectrometry. Thirty-one putative protein antigens were identified, eight of which are known to be antigenic from previous studies. All of the putative antigens demonstrated progressive staining intensity with increasing days of post-exposure serum. Identified antigenic proteins represented a variety of functional and structural protein types, and included both cellular and matrix proteins. The results of this study have implications for the use of bovine pericardium as a biomaterial in bioprostheses and tissue engineering applications, as well as xenotransplantation in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh G Griffiths
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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Margutti P, Ortona E, Delunardo F, Tagliani A, Profumo E, Riganò R, Buttari B, Teggi A, Siracusano A. Thioredoxin peroxidase from Echinococcus granulosus: a candidate to extend the antigenic panel for the immunodiagnosis of human cystic echinococcosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 60:279-85. [PMID: 18060722 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 10/01/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The currently available tests for the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunoblotting (IB) lack sensitivity and specificity, and antigen panels need standardizing. By screening an Echinococcus granulosus cDNA library with IgG1 from patients with CE, we identified E. granulosus thioredoxin peroxidase (EgTPx). Although IB and ELISA achieved the same specificity (92%), ELISA showed higher sensitivity than IB (83% versus 42%) in determining total immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific to EgTPx in CE sera. The percentage of total IgG- and IgG1-positive sera in ELISA was equally distributed in patients with active, transitional, and inactive disease. Conversely, the percentages of IgG4-positive sera were significantly higher in sera from patients with active than inactive disease (P = 0.03). Our data suggest that adding this highly specific recombinant antigen to the standard diagnostic panel of antigens used in ELISA would increase diagnostic sensitivity. Antibodies specific to EgTPx are of potential interest in the host-parasite relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Margutti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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