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Stubbs LA, Ogunbona O, Beil E, Szafron V, Adesina A, Anvari S, Lai J, Ramirez A, Ditzler MG, DeGuzman M. Juvenile eosinophilic fasciitis: a single center case series. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:29. [PMID: 38395889 PMCID: PMC10893626 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-024-00960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is a rare disease characterized by skin induration and musculoskeletal abnormalities. Diagnostic criteria for EF are based on adult populations. There is a need to expand the literature on EF in children due to limited reported cases and potential differences compared to adults. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of medical records for six pediatric patients diagnosed with EF at our institution between November 2011 and April 2023. Inclusion criteria required patients to be under 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis and to have confirmed diagnosis through clinical history, imaging, and histology. RESULTS Most of our cohort were female (83%) and non-Hispanic white (50%). Age at diagnosis ranged from 4 to 16 years. Duration of symptoms before diagnosis varied from 1 to 12 months. Follow-up periods ranged from 14 to 123 months. Concurrent medical conditions included localized scleroderma, acquired thrombophilia, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Patients presented with progressive painful swelling, severe joint limitations, and positive prayer sign. Initial regimens involved corticosteroids and methotrexate. Hydroxychloroquine, immunoglobulin, mycophenolate mofetil, rituximab, and tocilizumab were also used depending on the patient's disease severity and course. CONCLUSIONS Juvenile EF may manifest as swelling and progressive induration without apparent skin abnormalities. Unlike adult populations, no underlying malignancies or associations with trauma were observed in our cohort. Our cases did not exhibit systemic involvement observed in previous studies on juvenile EF. While non-specific, the prayer sign may aid in early recognition of juvenile EF and help prevent long-term disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh A Stubbs
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Ogunbona
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Beil
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Tower, 1102 Bates, Ste. 330, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vibha Szafron
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adekunle Adesina
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sara Anvari
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jamie Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Tower, 1102 Bates, Ste. 330, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Tower, 1102 Bates, Ste. 330, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew G Ditzler
- Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marietta DeGuzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Texas Children's Hospital, Feigin Tower, 1102 Bates, Ste. 330, Houston, TX, TX 77030, USA.
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Wosiak A, Biernacka-Zielińska M, Roszkiewicz J, Smolewska E. Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia in boys: a case-based review. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1755-1764. [PMID: 37316632 PMCID: PMC10348932 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia (EF) is a rare condition classified as a part of the connective tissue disorders. The clinical presentation of this condition can be diverse, however the main symptoms include symmetrical swelling and hardening of distal parts of limbs accompanied by peripheral eosinophilia. The diagnostic criteria are not specified. In inconclusions cases Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and skin to muscle biopsy may be useful. The pathogenesis and ethiology remain unknown, but extensive physical exertion, certain infectious factors, such as Borrelia burgdorferi, or medications may serve as a trigger. EF affects equally women and men, mainly in their middle age, however the disease can occur at any age. The standard therapy contents gluccocorticosteroids. As a second-line treatment, methotrexate is usually chosen. In this article we compare world reports of EF in paediatric patients with the cases of two adolescent male patients recently hospitalized in the Department of Paediatric Rheumatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wosiak
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna St., 91-738, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Biernacka-Zielińska
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna St., 91-738, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Roszkiewicz
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna St., 91-738, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Smolewska
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 36/50 Sporna St., 91-738, Lodz, Poland
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Foeldvari I, Marrani E. Systemic therapy in juvenile localized scleroderma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1225-1238. [PMID: 37462119 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2237685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juvenile localized scleroderma (JLS) is a rare sclerosing disorder of childhood which can result in permanent morbidity and functional disability, if not effectively treated. Treatment should be started in the inflammatory phase before the development of any complication and/or damage. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will discuss how to assess disease activity and damage in JLS, and propose an escalation plan for systemic treatment, according to a treat-to-target concept. We will discuss the definition of inactive disease and how and when to discontinue medications. EXPERT OPINION Before starting treatment, it is extremely important to assess baseline disease activity for treatment response to be adequately checked. Moreover, the activity of the extra cutaneous involvement is an important part of the assessment. Patients should be treated in the 'therapeutic window,' before significant fibrosis results. Most patients should receive systemic treatments; in these patients, Methotrexate should be used as the first-line disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). However, methotrexate intolerance or non-response is an issue, and these patients should be proposed a treatment escalation according to results of latest studies. Future research can develop better prognostic markers to help to guide our decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Foeldvari
- Hamburger Zentrum Für Kinder- Und Jugendrheumatologie, Hamburg, Germany
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Śmigielska P, Czarny J, Kowalski J, Wilkowska A, Nowicki RJ. Refractory eosinophilic fasciitis successfully treated with infliximab: A case report. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2021; 6:211-213. [DOI: 10.1177/23971983211004399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. Therapeutic options include high-dose corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive drugs. We present a typical eosinophilic fasciitis case, which did not respond to first-line treatment, but improved remarkably after infliximab administration. This report demonstrates that in case of initial treatment failure, infliximab might be a relatively safe and effective way of eosinophilic fasciitis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Śmigielska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Czarny
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Kowalski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wilkowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Roman J. Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Eosinophilic fasciitis in a pregnant woman with corticosteroid dependence and good response to infliximab. Rheumatol Int 2021; 41:1531-1539. [PMID: 33484332 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-04787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) is characterized by symmetrical thickening of subcutaneous muscular fascia, causing skin induration with wrinkles and prominent hair follicles: the classic peau d'orange. Eosinophilia is a characteristic-albeit not universal-finding. We present the case of a 43-year-old pregnant woman diagnosed with EF during pregnancy who had extensive cutaneous involvement and severe functional repercussions, including worsening of lung function and intrauterine growth restriction as a possible complication. Treatment with prednisone was initiated during gestation and it was necessary to increase the dose. After delivery, methotrexate treatment was initiated and the corticosteroid dose progressively decreased, with progressive worsening in the torso and abdomen and secondary dyspnea due to thoracic pressure. Treatment with infliximab was then initiated, with favorable progress, though residual ankle and tarsal joint stiffness and significant muscular atrophy in the limbs continued. The triggering factor of EF was not identified. In a systematic search of the medical literature, three cases of EF in pregnant woman without clear triggers were found. Interestingly, all three cases progressed favorably with steroid treatment. Apart from this case, there are only seven published cases of infliximab use in the literature, all with moderate or complete response. Infliximab could be an option for corticosteroid-dependent EF with no response to other options.
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Jinnin M, Yamamoto T, Asano Y, Ishikawa O, Sato S, Takehara K, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Ihn H. Diagnostic criteria, severity classification and guidelines of eosinophilic fasciitis. J Dermatol 2018; 45:881-890. [PMID: 29235676 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We established diagnostic criteria and severity classification of eosinophilic fasciitis because there is no established diagnostic criteria or widely accepted severity classification of the disease. Also, there has been no clinical guideline for eosinophilic fasciitis, so we established its clinical guideline ahead of all over the world. In particular, the clinical guideline was established by clinical questions based on evidence-based medicine according to the New Minds Clinical Practice Guideline Creation Manual (version 1.0). We aimed to make the guideline easy to use and reliable based on the newest evidence, and to present guidance as specific as possible for various clinical problems in treatment of eosinophilic fasciitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takehara
- Department of Molecular Pathology of Skin, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Hasegawa
- Department of Dermatology Division, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Saracino AM, Denton CP, Orteu CH. The molecular pathogenesis of morphoea: from genetics to future treatment targets. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:34-46. [PMID: 27553363 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A number of immunoinflammatory and profibrotic mechanisms are recognized in the pathogenesis of broad sclerotic skin processes and, more specifically, morphoea. However, the precise aetiopathogenesis is complex and remains unclear. Morphoea is clinically heterogeneous, with variable anatomical patterning, depth of tissue involvement and sclerotic, inflammatory, atrophic and dyspigmented morphology. Underlying mechanisms determining these reproducible clinical subsets are poorly understood but of great clinical and therapeutic relevance. Regional susceptibility mechanisms (e.g. environmental triggers, mosaicism and positional identity) together with distinct pathogenic determinants (including innate, adaptive and imbalanced pro- and antifibrotic signalling pathways) are likely implicated. In the age of genetic profiling and personalized medicine, improved characterization of the environmental, systemic, local, genetic and immunopathological factors underpinning morphoea pathogenesis may open the door to novel targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Saracino
- The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Dermatology, London, U.K.,University College London, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, London, U.K
| | - C P Denton
- University College London, Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, Division of Medicine, London, U.K.,The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Rheumatology, London, U.K
| | - C H Orteu
- The Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Dermatology, London, U.K
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Abstract
Peripheral and tissue eosinophilia can be a prominent feature of several unique rheumatologic and vascular diseases. These diseases span a wide range of clinical features, histologic findings, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes. Despite the rare nature of these entities--which makes large-scale studies challenging--knowledge has continued to grow regarding their epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management. This review compares and contrasts 5 rheumatologic and vascular conditions in which eosinophilia can be seen: eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss), immunoglobulin G4-related disease, diffuse fasciitis with eosinophilia, eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, and eosinophilic myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Tamaki
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Soumya Chatterjee
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Carol A Langford
- Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Center for Vasculitis Care and Research, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, A50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Poliak N, Orange JS, Pawel BR, Weiss PF. Eosinophilic fasciitis mimicking angioedema and treatment response to infliximab in a pediatric patient. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2011; 106:444-5. [PMID: 21530881 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee SS, Kim HO, Na JB, Lee JS, Suh YS, Cheon YH, Kang MG, Kim YE, Lee SI. A Case of Steroid and Methotrexate-Resistant Eosinophilic Fasciitis Treated with Adalimumab. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2011. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2011.18.4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Su Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae Boem Na
- Department of Radiology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Sil Lee
- Department of Pathology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young Sun Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yun-Hong Cheon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Yu-eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang-Il Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Khanna D, Agrawal H, Clements PJ. Infliximab may be effective in the treatment of steroid-resistant eosinophilic fasciitis: report of three cases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010; 49:1184-8. [PMID: 20308119 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE EF is a rare fibrosing disorder that may involve skin and internal organs. Current therapies include moderate- to high-dose glucocorticoids with or without use of immunosuppressives. METHODS We report three cases of steroid-resistant EF in clinical practice who were treated with 3 mg/kg every 8 weeks infliximab therapy. RESULTS All patients noticed an improvement in their symptoms, joint contractures and skin thickening within 8 weeks of starting infliximab therapy, ultimately leading to a drug-free remission (range 1-3 years). CONCLUSION Based on this and other reported cases, infliximab may be beneficial in patients with steroid-resistant EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Khanna
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Room 32-59 Rehabilitation Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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