1
|
Ritter D, Knebel J, Hansen T, Zifle A, Fuchs A, Fautz R, Schwarz K. Development of a non-target strategy for evaluation of potential biological effects of inhalable aerosols generated during purposeful room conditioning using an in vitro inhalation model. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:271-284. [PMID: 37853720 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2267618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An integrated in vitro inhalation approach was outlined to estimate potential adverse acute inhalation effects of aerosols from commercial nebulizer applications used for purposeful room conditioning such as disinfection, scenting or others. Aerosol characterization, exposure estimation and evaluation of acute biological effects by in vitro inhalation were included to generate dose-response data, allowing for determination of in vitro lowest observable adverse effect levels (LOAELs). Correlation of these to estimates of human lung deposition was included for quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation approach (QIVIVE) for acute effects during human exposure. METHODS To test the proposed approach, a case study was undertaken using two realistic test materials. An acute in vitro inhalation setup with air-liquid interface A549-cells in an optimized exposure situation (P.R.I.T.® ExpoCube®) was used to expose cells and analysis of relevant biological effects (viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, stress, IL-8 release) was carried out. RESULTS The observed dose-responsive effects in a sub-toxic dose-range could be attributed to the main component of one test material and its presence in the aerosol phase of the nebulized material. QIVIVE resulted in a factor of at least 256 between the in vitro LOAEL and the estimated acute human lung exposure for this test material. CONCLUSIONS The case-study shows the value of the non-target in vitro inhalation testing approach especially in case of a lack of knowledge on complex product composition. It is expected that approaches like this will be of high value for product safety and environmental health in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Ritter
- Respiratory Pharmacology, Fraunhofer ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Knebel
- Respiratory Pharmacology, Fraunhofer ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Hansen
- Respiratory Pharmacology, Fraunhofer ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei P, Wang M, Lin M, Wang Z. Tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays underestimat the direct antitumor effects of anti-VEGF agent bevacizumab. Toxicol In Vitro 2023:105631. [PMID: 37336461 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The direct antitumor effect of bevacizumab (BEV) has long been debated. Assessment of the direct cytotoxic activities of drugs is usually conducted via in vitro experiments, of which tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays are widely employed to measure the direct antitumor activity of BEV. This study aimed to investigate whether tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays are applicable when evaluating the cytotoxicity of BEV against tumor cells. Our results showed that BEV significantly augmented tumor-cell mitochondrial metabolism. Enhanced mitochondrial metabolism caused changes in cellular oxidation-and-reduction environment and upregulated succinate dehydrogenase, which in turn promoted the reduction of tetrazolium to produce formazan. Increased formazan formation resulted in underestimation of the in vitro direct antitumor effect of BEV. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial hypermetabolism partially corrected the underestimation of colorimetric assays in evaluating the direct antitumor activity of BEV. Our findings suggest that tetrazolium-based colorimetric assays are unsuitable for accurately assessing the in vitro cytotoxicity of anti-VEGF drugs and may be the methodological reason for the controversial direct antitumor effect of BEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wei
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, 519040 Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, 519040 Zhuhai, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Department of Physiology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, 519040 Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Immunology, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, 519040 Zhuhai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarkis M, Minassian G, Mitri N, Rahme K, Fracasso G, El Hage R, Ghanem E. D2B-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles: Promising Vehicles for Targeted Drug Delivery to Prostate Cancer. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:819-827. [PMID: 36755401 PMCID: PMC9945086 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the multitude of therapeutic agents available to treat prostate cancer (PC), there are still no effective and safe measures to treat the tumor. It remains a challenge to develop a simple approach to target PC with specific antibodies. In our study, D2B monoclonal antibodies against a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) were used. We investigated the functionalization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with D2B to generate favorable physicochemical and biological properties that mediate specific binding to PC. For this purpose, AuNPs with a size of about 25 nm were synthesized in water using sodium citrate as a reducing and stabilizing agent and then coated with D2B. Major physicochemical properties of naked and D2B-coated AuNPs were investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. The successful binding of D2B to AuNPs-citrate caused a 15 nm red shift in the UV-vis. This was assessed by DLS as an increase in zeta potential from ∼-45 to ∼-23 mV and in the size of AuNPs from ∼25 to ∼63 nm. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the size shift of AuNPs, which was detected as an exterior organic layer of D2Bs surrounding each AuNP. Even at high exposure levels of the bioconjugates, PSMA-PC-3 cells exhibited minimal cytotoxicity. The specific and dose-dependent binding of AuNPs-D2B to PC-3-PSMA cells was validated by flow cytometry analysis. Our data provide effective drug delivery systems in PC theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monira Sarkis
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Georges Minassian
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Nadim Mitri
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon
| | - Kamil Rahme
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.,School of Chemistry & AMBER Centre, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Giulio Fracasso
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Roland El Hage
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LCPM), PR2N (EDST), Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Campus Fanar P.O. Box 90656, 1103 Beirut, Lebanon.,Polymers Composites and Hybrids (PCH), IMT Mines Ales, 30100 Ales, France
| | - Esther Ghanem
- Department of Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, 72 Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon.,biobank.cy-Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical Research, Molecular Medicine Research Center, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pradhan N, Garai A, Patra B, Kar S, Maiti PK. An oxo(corrolato)chromium(V) complex selectively kills cancer cells by inducing DNA damage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4851-4854. [PMID: 33870381 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01459e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An oxo(corrolato)chromium(v) complex selectively kills leukemia cells. However, this complex did not induce cell death in primary non-cancer cells. It has been observed that oxo(corrolato)chromium(v) complex induced cell death is associated with DNA damage. Interestingly, the DNA in primary cells largely remained unaffected. DNA isolated from normal and cancerous cell lines also follows similar trends. A chemical reductant, DTT, was used to probe the mechanism of DNA damage. However, it does not show any additive effect on DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Pradhan
- IMGENEX INDIA Pvt. Ltd E-5, Infocity, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751024, India.
| | - Antara Garai
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar-752050, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Bratati Patra
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar-752050, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Sanjib Kar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar-752050, India. and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Prasanta K Maiti
- IMGENEX INDIA Pvt. Ltd E-5, Infocity, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751024, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang G, Wang J, Guan R. Novel Phospholipid-Based Labrasol Nanomicelles Loaded Flavonoids for Oral Delivery with Enhanced Penetration and Anti-Brain Tumor Efficiency. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 17:229-245. [PMID: 32039682 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200210120950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to the rich anticancer properties of flavonoids, there is a need for their incorporation into drug delivery vehicles like nanomicelles for safe delivery of the drug into the brain tumor microenvironment. OBJECTIVE This study, therefore, aimed to prepare the phospholipid-based Labrasol/Pluronic F68 modified nano micelles loaded with flavonoids (Nano-flavonoids) for the delivery of the drug to the target brain tumor. METHODS Myricetin, quercetin and fisetin were selected as the initial drugs to evaluate the biodistribution and acute toxicity of the drug delivery vehicles in rats with implanted C6 glioma tumors after oral administration, while the uptake, retention, release in human intestinal Caco-2 cells and the effect on the brain endothelial barrier were investigated in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HBMECs). RESULTS The results demonstrated that nano-flavonoids loaded with myricetin showed more evenly distributed targeting tissues and enhanced anti-tumor efficiency in vivo without significant cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells and alteration in the Trans Epithelial Electric Resistance (TEER). There was no pathological evidence of renal, hepatic or other organs dysfunction after the administration of nanoflavonoids, which showed no significant influence on cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Labrasol/F68-NMs loaded with MYR and quercetin could enhance antiglioma effect in vitro and in vivo, which may be better tools for medical therapy, while the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nano-flavonoids may ensure optimal therapeutic benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, China.,Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| | - Rui Guan
- Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province 442000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dikmen M, Gökhaner G, Cantürk Z. Evaluation of the antileukemic effects of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists, aprepitant, and L-733,060, in chronic and acute myeloid leukemic cells. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:e0769. [PMID: 31306152 DOI: 10.1097/CAD.0000000000000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonists are known for their anxiolytic, antiemetic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Aprepitant is used in vomiting and nausea, which are the most common side-effects of patients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer. L-733,060 has been shown to have anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in animal studies and anticancer effect in in-vitro studies. Previous anticancer activity studies with NK1R antagonists have reported that NK-1 antagonists have an antitumoral activity on gastric carcinoma, larynx carcinoma, retinoblastoma, hepatocarcinoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, and osteoblastoma cells. In this study, we have aimed to show and compare the antileukemic effects of aprepitant and L-733,060 on acute and chronic myeloid leukemic cells by using in-vitro experiments, such as WST-1, cell imaging, annexin-V binding, soft agar colony formation, and Hoescht staining. As a result, we have determined that both aprepitant and L-733,060 had strong antiproliferative effects on K562 and HL-60 cells. Moreover, the two drugs caused significant apoptosis and decreased colony forming depending on concentration increase. These findings suggested that NK1R antagonists exhibited antileukemic activities and may be considered to have a novel therapeutic potential for acute and chronic myeloid leukemia.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sambi M, Samuel V, Qorri B, Haq S, Burov SV, Markvicheva E, Harless W, Szewczuk MR. A Triple Combination of Metformin, Acetylsalicylic Acid, and Oseltamivir Phosphate Impacts Tumour Spheroid Viability and Upends Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:1995-2019. [PMID: 32546966 PMCID: PMC7260544 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s242514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Targeted multimodal approaches need to be strategically developed to control tumour growth and prevent metastatic burden successfully. Breast cancer presents a unique clinical problem because of the variety of cellular subtypes that arise. The tumour stage and cellular subtypes often dictate the appropriate clinical treatment regimen. Also, the development of chemoresistance is a common clinical challenge with breast cancer. Higher doses and additional drug agents can produce additional adverse effects leading to a more aggressive malignancy. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), metformin (Met), and oseltamivir phosphate (OP) were investigated for their efficacy to sensitize MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer and its tamoxifen (Tmx) resistant variant (MDA-MB-231-TmxR) together in combination with Tmx treatment. Methods Microscopic imaging, the formation of 3D multicellular tumour spheroids, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, Annexin V Assay, Caspase 3/7 Apoptosis Assay, tube formation assay and analysis, and WST-1 cell viability assay evaluated the formation of MCTS, morphologic changes, cell viability, apoptosis activity and the expression levels of ALDH1A1, CD44 and CD24 on the cell surface, MDA-MB231 triple-negative breast cancer, tamoxifen (Tmx) resistant variant (MDA-MB-231-TmxR). Results The results using a triple combination of ASA, Met and OP on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231-TmxR cells and their matrix-free 3D multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) formed by using the cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Lys peptide modified with 4-carboxybutyl-triphenylphosphonium bromide (cyclo-RGDfK(TPP)) peptide method demonstrate a consistent and significant decrease in cell and tumour spheroid viability and volume with increased apoptotic activity, and increased sensitivity to Tmx therapy. Tmx treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells in combination with ASA, Met and OP markedly reduced the CD44/CD24 ratio by 6.5-fold compared to the untreated control group. Tmx treatment of MDA-MB-231-TmxR cells in combination with ASA, Met and OP markedly reduced the ALDH1A1 by 134-fold compared to the same treatment for the parental cell line. Also, the triple combination treatment of ASA, Met, and OP inhibited vasculogenic endothelial cell tube formation and induced endothelial cell apoptosis. Conclusion For the first time, the findings demonstrate that repurposing ASA, Met, and OP provides a novel and promising targeted multimodal approach in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and its chemoresistant variant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Sambi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Samuel
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bessi Qorri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sabah Haq
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sergey V Burov
- Laboratory of Novel Peptide Therapeutics, Cytomed J.S.Co., St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Markvicheva
- Biomedical Materials Laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guesmi S, Chouchane H, Neifar M, Hosni F, Cherif A, Sghaier H. Radiation-inducible radioprotective exopolysaccharides of Bacillus siamensis CV5 from irradiated roots of Cistanche violacea to decrease free radical damage produced by ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1552-1563. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1649501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Guesmi
- National Agronomy Institute (INAT), Avenue Charles Nicolle, Mahrajène, Tunisia
- Laboratory “Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences” (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Habib Chouchane
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Neifar
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Hosni
- Laboratory “Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences” (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Haïtham Sghaier
- Laboratory “Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences” (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Morini J, Babini G, Barbieri S, Baiocco G, Ciocca M, Ivaldi GB, Liotta M, Molinelli S, Tabarelli de Fatis P, Ottolenghi A. A COMPARISON BETWEEN X-RAY AND CARBON ION IRRADIATION IN HUMAN NEURAL STEM CELLS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 183:102-106. [PMID: 30535035 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by a poor prognosis and a median survival of ~12-18 months. GBM is usually managed by neurosurgery followed by both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Since GBM develops resistance to conventional therapies, treatment with C-ions is promising to completely eradicate the tumoural mass. During cranial irradiation, exposure of healthy tissues is inevitable. Because of the presence of neural stem cells, a deep investigation on the effects of C-ion irradiation with respect to X-ray induced damage is mandatory to allow a better definition of treatments. In this work, the comparison of X-rays and C-ion irradiation-induced effects on human neural stem cell, focusing on multiple endpoints, such as cell viability, cytokine secretion and spheroid formation is presented. Results show different temporal and dose responses of human neural stem cells to the different radiation qualities, suggesting different underpinning mechanisms of radiation-induced damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Morini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Babini
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Barbieri
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Baiocco
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Ciocca
- Department of Medical Physics, National Center of Oncological Handrontherapy (CNAO), Strada Campeggi 53, Pavia, Italy
| | - G B Ivaldi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ICS Maugeri, via Maugeri 10, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Liotta
- Department of Medical Physics, ICS Maugeri, via Maugeri 10, Pavia, Italy
| | - S Molinelli
- Department of Medical Physics, National Center of Oncological Handrontherapy (CNAO), Strada Campeggi 53, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - A Ottolenghi
- Department of Physics, University of Pavia, via Bassi 6, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mailänder-Sánchez D, Braunsdorf C, Grumaz C, Müller C, Lorenz S, Stevens P, Wagener J, Hebecker B, Hube B, Bracher F, Sohn K, Schaller M. Antifungal defense of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is mediated by blocking adhesion and nutrient depletion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184438. [PMID: 29023454 PMCID: PMC5638248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an inhabitant of mucosal surfaces in healthy individuals but also the most common cause of fungal nosocomial blood stream infections, associated with high morbidity and mortality. As such life-threatening infections often disseminate from superficial mucosal infections we aimed to study the use of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in prevention of mucosal C. albicans infections. Here, we demonstrate that LGG protects oral epithelial tissue from damage caused by C. albicans in our in vitro model of oral candidiasis. Furthermore, we provide insights into the mechanisms behind this protection and dissect direct and indirect effects of LGG on C. albicans pathogenicity. C. albicans viability was not affected by LGG. Instead, transcriptional profiling using RNA-Seq indicated dramatic metabolic reprogramming of C. albicans. Additionally, LGG had a significant impact on major virulence attributes, including adhesion, invasion, and hyphal extension, whose reduction, consequently, prevented epithelial damage. This was accompanied by glucose depletion and repression of ergosterol synthesis, caused by LGG, but also due to blocked adhesion sites. Therefore, LGG protects oral epithelia against C. albicans infection by preventing fungal adhesion, invasion and damage, driven, at least in parts, by metabolic reprogramming due to nutrient limitation caused by LGG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christoph Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Philip Stevens
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jeanette Wagener
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Betty Hebecker
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knoell Institute Jena (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena, Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Sohn
- Fraunhofer IGB, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Morini J, Babini G, Barbieri S, Baiocco G, Ottolenghi A. The Interplay between Radioresistant Caco-2 Cells and the Immune System Increases Epithelial Layer Permeability and Alters Signaling Protein Spectrum. Front Immunol 2017; 8:223. [PMID: 28316601 PMCID: PMC5334346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent type of cancer, with a higher incidence in the developed countries. Colorectal cancer is usually managed with both surgeries, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy has the well-known advantage of targeting the tumor, minimizing normal tissue exposure. Nevertheless, during radiation treatment, exposure of healthy tissues is of great concern, in particular because of the effects on the intestinal barrier functions and on cells belonging to the immune system. The functional role of intestinal barrier in avoiding paracellular trafficking and controlling bacterial spread from gut it is well known and it is due to the presence of tight junction complexes. However, intestinal barrier is fundamental in participating to the interplay with immune system, especially considering the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Until few years ago, radiotherapy was considered to bear only a depressive action on the immune system. However, it is now recognized that the release of pro-inflammatory signals and phenotypic changes in tumoral cells due to ionizing radiation could trigger the immune system against the tumor. In this work, we address how intestinal barrier functions are perturbed by X-ray doses in the range 0–10 Gy, focusing on the interplay between tumoral cells and the immune system. To this aim, we adopted a coculture model in which Caco-2 cells can be grown in presence/absence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We focused our attention on changes in the proliferation, trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER), cytokine release, and proteins of the junctional complexes. Our results indicate a high radioresistance of Caco-2 in the investigated dose range, and an increased permeability of the tumoral cell layer due to the presence of PBMC. This is found to be correlated with activation of PBMC, inhibiting the apoptotic pathway, with the enhancement of cytokine release and with variation of tight junction scaffold protein expression levels, assumed to be related to IFN-γ- and TNF-α-mediated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Morini
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Gabriele Babini
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Sofia Barbieri
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Giorgio Baiocco
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Andrea Ottolenghi
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Biophysics, Department of Physics, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Michna A, Braselmann H, Selmansberger M, Dietz A, Hess J, Gomolka M, Hornhardt S, Blüthgen N, Zitzelsberger H, Unger K. Natural Cubic Spline Regression Modeling Followed by Dynamic Network Reconstruction for the Identification of Radiation-Sensitivity Gene Association Networks from Time-Course Transcriptome Data. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160791. [PMID: 27505168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression time-course experiments allow to study the dynamics of transcriptomic changes in cells exposed to different stimuli. However, most approaches for the reconstruction of gene association networks (GANs) do not propose prior-selection approaches tailored to time-course transcriptome data. Here, we present a workflow for the identification of GANs from time-course data using prior selection of genes differentially expressed over time identified by natural cubic spline regression modeling (NCSRM). The workflow comprises three major steps: 1) the identification of differentially expressed genes from time-course expression data by employing NCSRM, 2) the use of regularized dynamic partial correlation as implemented in GeneNet to infer GANs from differentially expressed genes and 3) the identification and functional characterization of the key nodes in the reconstructed networks. The approach was applied on a time-resolved transcriptome data set of radiation-perturbed cell culture models of non-tumor cells with normal and increased radiation sensitivity. NCSRM detected significantly more genes than another commonly used method for time-course transcriptome analysis (BETR). While most genes detected with BETR were also detected with NCSRM the false-detection rate of NCSRM was low (3%). The GANs reconstructed from genes detected with NCSRM showed a better overlap with the interactome network Reactome compared to GANs derived from BETR detected genes. After exposure to 1 Gy the normal sensitive cells showed only sparse response compared to cells with increased sensitivity, which exhibited a strong response mainly of genes related to the senescence pathway. After exposure to 10 Gy the response of the normal sensitive cells was mainly associated with senescence and that of cells with increased sensitivity with apoptosis. We discuss these results in a clinical context and underline the impact of senescence-associated pathways in acute radiation response of normal cells. The workflow of this novel approach is implemented in the open-source Bioconductor R-package splineTimeR.
Collapse
|
13
|
Borràs-Fresneda M, Barquinero JF, Gomolka M, Hornhardt S, Rössler U, Armengol G, Barrios L. Differences in DNA Repair Capacity, Cell Death and Transcriptional Response after Irradiation between a Radiosensitive and a Radioresistant Cell Line. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27043. [PMID: 27245205 DOI: 10.1038/srep27043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal tissue toxicity after radiotherapy shows variability between patients, indicating inter-individual differences in radiosensitivity. Genetic variation probably contributes to these differences. The aim of the present study was to determine if two cell lines, one radiosensitive (RS) and another radioresistant (RR), showed differences in DNA repair capacity, cell viability, cell cycle progression and, in turn, if this response could be characterised by a differential gene expression profile at different post-irradiation times. After irradiation, the RS cell line showed a slower rate of γ-H2AX foci disappearance, a higher frequency of incomplete chromosomal aberrations, a reduced cell viability and a longer disturbance of the cell cycle when compared to the RR cell line. Moreover, a greater and prolonged transcriptional response after irradiation was induced in the RS cell line. Functional analysis showed that 24 h after irradiation genes involved in “DNA damage response”, “direct p53 effectors” and apoptosis were still differentially up-regulated in the RS cell line but not in the RR cell line. The two cell lines showed different response to IR and can be distinguished with cell-based assays and differential gene expression analysis. The results emphasise the importance to identify biomarkers of radiosensitivity for tailoring individualized radiotherapy protocols.
Collapse
|
14
|
Borràs M, Armengol G, De Cabo M, Barquinero JF, Barrios L. Comparison of methods to quantify histone H2AX phosphorylation and its usefulness for prediction of radiosensitivity. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:915-24. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Torres-Durán M, Ruano-Ravina A, Parente-Lamelas I, Leiro-Fernández V, Abal-Arca J, Montero-Martínez C, Pena-Álvarez C, Castro-Añón O, Golpe-Gómez A, Martínez C, Guzmán-Taveras R, Mejuto-Martí MJ, Provencio M, Fernández-Villar A, Barros-Dios JM. Residential radon and lung cancer characteristics in never smokers. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:605-10. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1047985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
16
|
Gürtler A, Hauptmann M, Pautz S, Kulka U, Friedl AA, Lehr S, Hornhardt S, Gomolka M. The inter-individual variability outperforms the intra-individual variability of differentially expressed proteins prior and post irradiation in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Arch Physiol Biochem 2014; 120:198-207. [PMID: 25174346 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2014.953548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Radio-sensitivity in normal tissue is characterized by heterogeneity throughout the population and the absence of pre-diagnostic biomarkers. OBJECTIVE We conducted a proteomic approach to search for radiation characteristic protein regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell lines were 10 Gy irradiated and analysed by 2D-DIGE after 24 h. RESULTS were analysed intra- and inter-individually. The principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering was applied to all datasets. RESULTS Differences in intra-individual spot abundance prior and post irradiation exactly show the separation of sample classes in two groups: sham-irradiated and irradiated. The inter-individual datasets clustered according to the cell line. The intra-individual differences on protein level after gamma-irradiation are very low, compared with the inter-individual differences among cell lines derived from the same tissue. CONCLUSION The application of 2-D DIGE may offer a realistic chance for a better molecular characterization of radio-sensitivity and for the discovery of candidate biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gürtler
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Department SG Radiation Protection and Health , Neuherberg , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Palvai S, Nagraj J, Mapara N, Chowdhury R, Basu S. Dual drug loaded vitamin D3 nanoparticle to target drug resistance in cancer. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
18
|
Winkler C, Schäfer L, Felthaus O, Allerdings J, Hahnel S, Behr M, Bürgers R. The bacterial adhesion on and the cytotoxicity of various dental cements used for implant-supported fixed restorations. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:241-50. [PMID: 24074394 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.828320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bacterial adhesion on and cytotoxicity of eight luting agents used for implant-supported restorations were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHOD Surface roughness (Ra), surface free energy (SFE) values and three-dimensional images by atomic-force microscopy of circular specimens were determined. Bacterial suspensions of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus epidermidis were incubated at 37°C for 2 h. Adhering bacteria were examined with fluorescence dye CytoX-Violet, stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and visualized by fluorescence-microscopy. Cytotoxicity-testing was done with WST-1-tests (water soluble tetrazolium). No significant differences, neither with regard to Ra nor regarding SFE were determined. RESULTS Adherence of S. sanguinis was less on titanium, TempBondNE and TempBond. TempBond, TempBondNE, RelyX Unicem and Implantlink Semi Classic presented low amounts of S. epidermidis. WST-testing showed high cytotoxic potential of Harvard, Aqualox, TempBondNE and TempBond. No combination of low adherent bacteria with low cytotoxicity was found. CONCLUSION From a biological in-vitro perspective, none of the cements may be recommended for implant-supported restorations.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kiuru A, Kämäräinen M, Heinävaara S, Pylkäs K, Chapman K, Koivistoinen A, Parviainen T, Winqvist R, Kadhim M, Launonen V, Lindholm C. Assessment of targeted and non-targeted responses in cells deficient in ATM function following exposure to low and high dose X-rays. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93211. [PMID: 24681528 PMCID: PMC3969311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation sensitivity at low and high dose exposure to X-rays was investigated by means of chromosomal aberration (CA) analysis in heterozygous ATM mutation carrier and A-T patient (biallelic ATM mutation) lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Targeted and non-targeted responses to acutely delivered irradiation were examined by applying a co-culture system that enables study of both directly irradiated cells and medium-mediated bystander effects in the same experimental setting. No indication of radiation hypersensitivity was observed at doses of 0.01 Gy or 0.1 Gy for the ATM mutation carrier LCL. The A-T patient cells also did not show low-dose response. There was significant increase in unstable CA yields for both ATM mutation carrier and A-T LCLs at 1 and 2 Gy, the A-T cells displaying more distinct dose dependency. Both chromosome and chromatid type aberrations were induced at an increased rate in the irradiated A-T cells, whereas for ATM carrier cells, only unstable chromosomal aberrations were increased above the level observed in the wild type cell line. No bystander effect could be demonstrated in any of the cell lines or doses applied. Characteristics typical for the A-T cell line were detected, i.e., high baseline frequency of CA that increased with dose. In addition, dose-dependent loss of cell viability was observed. In conclusion, CA analysis did not demonstrate low-dose (≤100 mGy) radiosensitivity in ATM mutation carrier cells or A-T patient cells. However, both cell lines showed increased radiosensitivity at high dose exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kiuru
- STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Virpi Launonen
- STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carita Lindholm
- STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maroschik B, Gürtler A, Krämer A, Rößler U, Gomolka M, Hornhardt S, Mörtl S, Friedl AA. Radiation-induced alterations of histone post-translational modification levels in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Radiat Oncol 2014; 9:15. [PMID: 24406105 PMCID: PMC3903440 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiation-induced alterations in posttranslational histone modifications (PTMs) may affect the cellular response to radiation damage in the DNA. If not reverted appropriately, altered PTM patterns may cause long-term alterations in gene expression regulation and thus lead to cancer. It is therefore important to characterize radiation-induced alterations in PTM patterns and the factors affecting them. Methods A lymphoblastoid cell line established from a normal donor was used to screen for alterations in methylation levels at H3K4, H3K9, H3K27, and H4K20, as well as acetylation at H3K9, H3K56, H4K5, and H4K16, by quantitative Western Blot analysis at 15 min, 1 h and 24 h after irradiation with 2 Gy and 10 Gy. The variability of alterations in acetylation marks was in addition investigated in a panel of lymphoblastoid cell lines with differing radiosensitivity established from lung cancer patients. Results The screening procedure demonstrated consistent hypomethylation at H3K4me3 and hypoacetylation at all acetylation marks tested. In the panel of lymphoblastoid cell lines, however, a high degree of inter-individual variability became apparent. Radiosensitive cell lines showed more pronounced and longer lasting H4K16 hypoacetylation than radioresistant lines, which correlates with higher levels of residual γ-H2AX foci after 24 h. Conclusion So far, the factors affecting extent and duration of radiation-induced histone alterations are poorly defined. The present work hints at a high degree of inter-individual variability and a potential correlation of DNA damage repair capacity and alterations in PTM levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fediuk DJ, Wang T, Chen Y, Parkinson FE, Namaka MP, Simons KJ, Burczynski FJ, Gu X. Metabolic disposition of the insect repellent DEET and the sunscreen oxybenzone following intravenous and skin administration in rats. Int J Toxicol 2013; 31:467-76. [PMID: 23064701 DOI: 10.1177/1091581812459893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and sunscreen oxybenzone have shown a synergistic percutaneous enhancement when applied concurrently. Both compounds are extensively metabolized in vivo into a series of potentially toxic metabolites: 2 metabolites of DEET, N,N-diethyl-m-hydroxymethylbenzamide (DHMB) and N-ethyl-m-toluamide (ET), and 3 metabolites of oxybenzone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB), 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DMB), and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB). In this study, the metabolites were extensively distributed following intravenous and topical skin administration of DEET and oxybenzone in rats. Combined application enhanced the disposition of all DEET metabolites in the liver but did not consistently affect the distribution of oxybenzone metabolites. The DHMB appeared to be the major metabolite for DEET, while THB and its precursor DHB were the main metabolites for oxybenzone. Repeated once-daily topical application for 30 days led to higher concentrations of DEET metabolites in the liver. Hepatoma cell studies revealed a decrease in cellular proliferation from all metabolites as single and combined treatments, most notably at 72 hours. Increased accumulation of DHMB and ET in the liver together with an ability to reduce cellular proliferation at achievable plasma concentrations indicated that simultaneous exposure to DEET and oxybenzone might have the potential to precipitate adverse effects in a rat animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daryl J Fediuk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Yin LM, Wei Y, Wang Y, Xu YD, Yang YQ. Long term and standard incubations of WST-1 reagent reflect the same inhibitory trend of cell viability in rat airway smooth muscle cells. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:68-72. [PMID: 23289007 PMCID: PMC3534879 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The WST-1 assay is an efficient test for cell viability measurement and the standard incubation time is 2h. In order to test if one-time addition of WST-1 reagent can reflect the relative cell viability trend of the testing agents at different time points, the effects of 2h standard incubation time and long term incubation time (2h+24h, 2h+48h) of WST-1 were compared in the rat airway smooth muscle cells (ASM cells) after adding of the testing protein MRP-14. Our study demonstrated that the effect of different dosages of the protein after 2h WST-1 incubation on ASM cells showed a tendency of inhibition and achieved the maximal inhibition effect at 72h. The relative cell viability trend of the 2h+24h group was the same to that of the 2h WST-1 incubation, which means that 24h prolonged incubation time of WST-1 reagent could still reflect the relative cell viability trend. In conclusion, the study suggested that the WST-1 is a proper candidate reagent for continuous monitation of cell viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Miao Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Yue Yang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li H, Li J, Li Y, Singh P, Cao L, Xu LJ, Li D, Wang Y, Xie Z, Gui Y, Zheng XL. Sonic hedgehog promotes autophagy of vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H1319-31. [PMID: 23023870 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00160.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a morphogen critically involved in development that is reexpressed in atherosclerotic lesions. It also stimulates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Autophagy in vascular SMCs is known to promote SMC survival and increase plaque stability. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Shh induces autophagy of vascular SMCs. Our study showed that both Shh protein and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II were increased in SMCs within neointimal lesions of mouse common carotid arteries. In cultured mouse aortic SMCs, recombinant mouse Shh stimulated LC3-II levels. Overexpression of wild-type mouse Shh through the tetracycline-regulated expression-inducible system in human aortic SMCs time-dependently increased the levels of LC3-II and also stimulated protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Pretreatment with AKT inhibitor IV (AKTI IV) inhibited AKT phosphorylation and the increase in LC3-II. Shh-induced autophagy was further confirmed by the formation of autophagosomes as detected by immunostaining and transmission electron microscopy, which was inhibited by AKTI IV. Shh further increased SMC LC3-II in the presence of bafilomycin A1, (2S,3S)-trans-epoxysuccinyl-L-leucylamido-3-methylbutane ethyl ester, and pepstatin A or siRNA for the autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7). In addition, Shh induced SMC proliferation, which was inhibited not only by AKTI IV but also by cyclopamine, an inhibitor of Shh receptor. Inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1, or ATG7 siRNA resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation. Treatment with 3-MA, AKTI IV, or cyclopamine inhibited neointima formation in mouse common carotid arteries. Taken together, our results have shown that Shh induces autophagy of vascular SMCs involving AKT activation, suggesting a role of autophagy in Shh-induced cellular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nahas SA, Davies R, Fike F, Nakamura K, Du L, Kayali R, Martin NT, Concannon P, Gatti RA. Comprehensive profiling of radiosensitive human cell lines with DNA damage response assays identifies the neutral comet assay as a potential surrogate for clonogenic survival. Radiat Res 2012; 177:176-86. [PMID: 21962002 PMCID: PMC4316198 DOI: 10.1667/rr2580.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to explore the possible causes of human radiosensitivity and identify more rapid assays for cellular radiosensitivity, we interrogated a set of assays that evaluate cellular functions involved in recognition and repair of DNA double-strand breaks: (1) neutral comet assay, (2) radiation-induced γ-H2AX focus formation, (3) the temporal kinetics of structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 phosphorylation, (4) intra-S-phase checkpoint integrity, and (5) mitochondrial respiration. We characterized a unique panel of 19 "radiosensitive" human lymphoblastoid cell lines from individuals with undiagnosed diseases suggestive of a DNA repair disorder. Radiosensitivity was defined by reduced cellular survival using a clonogenic survival assay. Each assay identified cell lines with defects in DNA damage response functions. The highest concordance rate observed, 89% (17/19), was between an abnormal neutral comet assay and reduced survival by the colony survival assay. Our data also suggested that the neutral comet assay would be a more rapid surrogate for analyzing DNA repair/processing disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shareef A Nahas
- UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|