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Ugbede FO, Osahon OD. Soil-to-plant transfer factors of 238U and 232Th in rice from Ezillo paddy fields, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 233:106606. [PMID: 33812178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of radionuclides by plants and their subsequent relocation to the human body through ingestion is one major pathway of human internal exposure. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the levels of natural radionuclides, 238U and 232Th, in soil of Ezillo paddy fields (field 1 and field 2) at depths 0-4 cm and 4-8 cm, their transfer and accumulation in rice grains. The mean concentrations of both radionuclides in the soil were clearly greater than the UNSCEAR estimated worldwide average while that of the rice with values of 11.7 ± 4.3 and 3.0 ± 1.3 Bq/kg in field 1 and 8.5 ± 4.2 and 4.3 ± 1.6 Bq/kg in field 2 for 238U and 232Th respectively, were well below the worldwide average. The radionuclide transfer factors (TFs) across both depths ranged from 0.03 to 0.67 and 0.01 to 1.20 for 238U and 232Th respectively. The overall geometric means and geometric standard deviations of the TF estimated in field 1 were respectively 0.22 and 1.52 for 238U and 0.18 and 4.21 for 232Th (soil,0-4cm); 0.43 and 1.80 for 238U and 0.18 and 3.79 for 232Th (soil,4-8cm) whereas in field 2 the values were respectively 0.12 and 2.62 for 238U and 0.06 and 4.15 for 232Th (soil,0-4cm); 0.11 and 1.85 for 238U and 0.12 and 4.15 for 232Th (soil,4-8cm). The nuclide concentrations in the rice and the present TFs are within the ranges of values in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick Oghenebrorie Ugbede
- Department of Physics with Electronics, College of Science, Evangel University, Akaeze, Ebonyi State, Nigeria; Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria.
| | - Okhuomaruyi David Osahon
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin-City, Edo State, Nigeria
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Ugbede FO, Osahon OD, Agbalagba EO. Radiological Risk Assessment of 238U, 232Th and 40K in Soil and Their Uptake by Rice Cultivated in CAS Paddy Environment of Abakaliki, Nigeria. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khandaker MU, Chijioke NO, Heffny NAB, Bradley DA, Alsubaie A, Sulieman A, Faruque MRI, Sayyed MI, Al-mugren KS. Elevated Concentrations of Metal(loids) in Seaweed and the Concomitant Exposure to Humans. Foods 2021; 10:381. [PMID: 33578933 PMCID: PMC7916668 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While the consumption of seaweed and seaweed-based products is very common amongst East Asian nations, forming a notable component of the daily diet, relatively very few studies have concerned the concentrations of heavy metals in these together with potential effects on human health. The present study analyses the concentrations of 17 elements in locally resourced seaweed, also assessing potential noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. The samples were ground, homogenized, and quantified using the ICP-OES technique. It has been found that the essential elements K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Na typically show concentrations somewhat greater than a number of potentially toxic metals, in particular, Cd, Pb, Ag, and As, with exceptions being Ni, Cr-VI, and Si. Statistical analysis indicates all of the latter to have similar origin, with increased concentration of these metals within the marine ecosystem. While the daily estimated intake of most metals is seen to be within the daily dietary allowance level recommended by various international organizations, the noncarcinogenic risk shows a value greater than unity, estimated via the hazard quotient. This indicates a potential for adverse effects to health arising from consumption of the sampled seaweed. The carcinogenic risk resulting from nonessential elements shows values greater than the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) reference limit of 10-4. Considering the nonbiodegradability of heavy metals and metalloids and their potential accumulation in seaweed, there is need for critical examination of metal levels in the seaweeds obtained from the present study locations, together with the introduction of practices of removal of heavy metals via bio-adsorbent techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (N.O.C.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Nwokoma Oliver Chijioke
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (N.O.C.); (D.A.B.)
| | | | - David A. Bradley
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (N.O.C.); (D.A.B.)
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Abdullah Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - M. I. Sayyed
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. S. Al-mugren
- Department of Physics, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11144, Saudi Arabia
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Aviv O, Tripler E, Yungrais Z, Baziza T, Vaknin D, Koch J. UPTAKE OF 226RA FROM IRRIGATION WATER BY BASIL CROPS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 192:496-504. [PMID: 33647106 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of 226Ra from irrigation water to basil crops was studied in field conditions. A dedicated basil plot was established and divided into test and control subplots irrigated with water having high (2.1 Bq L-1) and low (0.05 Bq L-1) activity concentrations of 226Ra, respectively. The experiment was performed over a period of 18 months during the autumn, winter and spring seasons, altogether eight cycles of growth and harvest. The activity concentration of 226Ra in basil grown in the test subplots was found to increase from a value of 0.6 Bq kg-1 up to 5.1 Bq kg-1 with successive cycles, compared to a mean value of 0.2 Bq kg-1 for basil grown in the control subplots. The increase in activity concentration of 226Ra in basil grown in the test subplots is mainly attributed to its build-up in the soil in which the level of 226Ra was found to increase by ~ 40%. The effective uptake of 226Ra from the irrigation water (via soil) by the basil plants was found to be approximately 0.4%. The maximal radiation dose following consumption of basil crops grown in the test subplots is negligible (~3 μSv/y).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Aviv
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Radiation Safety Department, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Effi Tripler
- Southern Arava Research and Development, Soil and Water Department, Hevel-Eilot 88820, Israel
| | - Zohar Yungrais
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Radiation Safety Department, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Tomer Baziza
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Radiation Safety Department, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Dani Vaknin
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Radiation Safety Department, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | - Jean Koch
- Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Radiation Safety Department, Yavne 81800, Israel
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Kaur S, Maheshwari P, Mehra R. DOSE ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL TERRESTRIAL RADIONUCLIDES IN COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS IN NORTH INDIA. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 189:362-370. [PMID: 32390040 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to record natural radionuclide content in branded food samples representative of a typical North Indian diet. Forty samples of various food items falling into three categories namely, cereal grains, pulses and beverages were collected from the local markets of Punjab. The radiometric analysis was performed using NaI(Tl) scintillator detector. The activity concentrations ranged between 10 ± 1 and 20 ± 5 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra, Below Detectable Limit (BDL) and 10 ± 2 Bq kg-1 for 232Th and 440 ± 56 and 562 ± 70 Bq kg-1 for 40K. The radium equivalent (Raeq) varied from 55 Bq kg-1(corn) to 70 Bq kg-1 (tea) with an average of 62 Bq kg-1. Internal hazard index (HI) was also calculated (0.18-0.24), which was well below the prescribed threshold of one (24). Age-specific annual effective doses were estimated for infants, children and adults. Children were the most sensitive group of population to radionuclide doses from cereal grains. The annual effective doses were further used to calculate the lifetime cancer risk which exceeded the world average of 2.9$\times$10-4 (24). However, the overall results showed that the intake of these dietary products by the general public did not pose any serious health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarabjot Kaur
- Environment Monitoring and Assessment Lab, Department of Physics, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India-144011
| | - Poorvi Maheshwari
- Environment Monitoring and Assessment Lab, Department of Physics, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India-144011
| | - Rohit Mehra
- Environment Monitoring and Assessment Lab, Department of Physics, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India-144011
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Monica S, Jojo PJ, Khandaker MU. Radionuclide concentrations in medicinal florae and committed effective dose through Ayurvedic medicines. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1028-1037. [PMID: 32394771 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1767816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Ayurveda is one of the oldest systems of medicines in the world being practiced widely in the Indian subcontinent for more than 3000 years, and still remains as one of the important traditional health care systems. The Ayurvedic drugs are derived primarily from various parts of the plants, like root, leaf, flower, fruit or plant as a whole. Plants uptake minerals and other nutrients from the soil through their root system. Along with other minerals radionuclides present in the growing media also reach to the plant parts following the same pathway. Realizing the probable health hazards via the intake of Ayurvedic drugs, it is important to assess the concentration of natural radionuclides in commonly used medicinal plants.Materials and methods: NaI(Tl) scintillator-based gamma-ray spectrometry has been used to determine the activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) in the most commonly used medicinal plant parts as ingredients of Ayurvedic medicines in India.Results and discussion: The average specific activity (Bqkg-1) of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was found to be 43 ± 18, 36 ± 15[Formula: see text] and 230 ± 46, respectively. The estimated annual committed effective doses due to the intake of common Ayurvedic medicines at prescribed dosage was found to be 39 ± 16 µSv y-1,[Formula: see text] which is quite low as compared with the radiation dose limit of 1 mSvy-1 from all natural sources, reported by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP-60).Conclusions: It is found categorically that intake of Ayurvedic medicines at normal dosage poses no radiological hazard to the individual. Present results are significant in the wake of myths that many hazardous materials including radioisotopes are present at higher levels. Obtained results also serve as a reference information for the distribution of radionuclides in medicinal plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Monica
- Center for Advanced Research in Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), Kollam, India
| | - Panakal John Jojo
- Center for Advanced Research in Physical Sciences, Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College (Autonomous), Kollam, India.,Department of Applied Physics, The Papua New Guinea University of Technology, Lae, Morobe, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Meta-analysis of soil mercury accumulation by vegetables. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1261. [PMID: 29352200 PMCID: PMC5775204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercury pollution in soil poses serious risks to human health through consumption of contaminated vegetables. We used a meta-analysis to examine the mercury enrichment ability of different vegetables and the main factors affecting mercury uptake. We drew the following conclusions. (1) Plants with a lower bioconcentration factor (BCF) include cowpea, long bean, and radish, whereas plants with a higher BCF include green pepper, spinach, cabbage, and Chinese cabbage. (2) Leaf and cucurbit have the highest and lowest capacity, respectively, for mercury enrichment. (3) When soil pH is <6.5, mercury level uptake by the plant increases, whereas it decreases when the pH is >7.5, meaning that increased soil pH reduces mercury uptake in soil. (4) When soil organic matter (SOM) is lower than 20 g/kg, tuber plants have the highest and eggplant has the lowest mercury adsorption capacity, respectively. When SOM is 20–30 g/kg, cucurbit has the lowest and leaf the highest adsorption capacity, respectively. When SOM is higher than 30 g/kg, however, eggplant has the highest mercury adsorption capacity, but there were no significant differences among the five types of vegetables. We argue that this meta-analysis aids in selecting vegetables suitable for absorption of heavy metals from polluted soil.
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Radiation dose to the Malaysian populace via the consumption of bottled mineral water. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Khandaker MU, Mohd Nasir NL, Asaduzzaman K, Olatunji MA, Amin YM, Kassim HA, Bradley DA, Jojo PJ, Alrefae T. Evaluation of radionuclides transfer from soil-to-edible flora and estimation of radiological dose to the Malaysian populace. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:528-536. [PMID: 27085312 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Malaysia, a rapidly growing industrial country, is susceptible to pollution via large-scale industrial engagements and associated human activities. One particular concern is the potential impact upon the quality of locally resourced vegetables, foodstuffs that contain important nutrients necessary for good health, forming an essential part of the Malaysian diet. As a part of this, it is of importance for there to be accurate knowledge of radioactive material uptake in these vegetables, not least in respect of any public health detriment. Herein, using HPGe γ-ray spectrometry, quantification has been performed of naturally occurring radionuclides in common edible vegetables and their associated soils. From samples analyses, the soil activity concentration ranges (in units of Bq/kg) for (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were respectively 1.33-30.90, 0.48-26.80, 7.99-136.5 while in vegetable samples the ranges were 0.64-3.80, 0.21-6.91, 85.53-463.8. Using the corresponding activities, the transfer factors (TFs) from soil-to-vegetables were estimated, the transfers being greatest for (40)K, an expected outcome given the essentiality of this element in support of vigorous growth. The TFs of (226)Ra and (232)Th were found to be in accord with available literature data, the values indicating the mobility of these radionuclides to be low in the studied soils. Committed effective dose and the associated life-time cancer risk was estimated, being found to be below the permissible limit proposed by UNSCEAR. Results for the studied media show that the prevalent activities and mobilities pose no significant threat to human health, the edible vegetables being safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kh Asaduzzaman
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Yusoff Mohd Amin
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hasan Abu Kassim
- Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - D A Bradley
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - P J Jojo
- Centre for Advanced Research, Department of Physics, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam 691001, Kerala, India
| | - Tareq Alrefae
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Khaldia, Kuwait
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