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Ali F, Richardson RB. Electron, Photon, and Neutron Dose Conversion Coefficients of Lens and Non-Lens Tissues Using a Multi-Tissue Eye Model to Assess Risk of Cataracts and Retinitis. Radiat Res 2023; 200:162-175. [PMID: 37410087 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00023.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous publications describe the estimation of the dose from ionizing radiation to the whole lens or parts of it but have not considered other eye tissues that are implicated in cataract development; this is especially critical for low-dose, low-ionizing-density exposures. A recent review of the biological mechanisms of radiation-induced cataracts showed that lenticular oxidative stress can be increased by inflammation and vascular damage to non-lens tissues in the eye. Also, the radiation oxygen effect indicates different radiosensitivities for the vascular retina and the severely hypoxic lens. Therefore, this study uses the Monte Carlo N-Particle simulations to quantify dose conversion coefficients for several eye tissues for incident antero-posterior exposure to electrons, photons, and neutrons (and the tertiary electron component of neutron exposure). A stylized, multi-tissue eye model was developed by modifying a model by Behrens etal. (2009) to include the retina, uvea, sclera, and lens epithelial cell populations. Electron exposures were simulated as a single eye, whereas photon and neutron exposures were simulated employing two eyes embedded in the ADAM-EVA phantom. For electrons and photons, dose conversion coefficients are highest for either anterior tissues for low-energy incident particles or posterior tissues for high-energy incident particles. Neutron dose conversion coefficients generally increase with increasing incident energy for all tissues. The ratio of the absorbed dose delivered to each tissue to the absorbed dose delivered to the whole lens demonstrated the considerable deviation of non-lens tissue doses from lens doses, depending on particle type and its energy. These simulations demonstrate that there are large variations in the dose to various ocular tissues depending on the incident radiation dose coefficients; this large variation will potentially impact cataract development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Ali
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
| | - Richard B Richardson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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Feng CJ, Wu CH, Huang YH, Chu CH, Lien KY, Wang YC, Lee SH, Hsu SM. Results of the performance test for quality assessment of personal radiation dosimetry services including the influence of the dosimeter readout frequency. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20133. [PMID: 36418355 PMCID: PMC9684117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to determine the significance of factors considered for the measurement accuracy of personal dosimeter in dosimetry services such as dosimetry service, irradiation category, years of use and readout frequency. The investigation included management information questionnaire, on-site visit and blind test. The blind test with random selected personal badge was used in inter-comparison of eight dosimetry services, and the test results followed ANSI/HPS N13.11 criteria. This study also analyzed the measurement deviations if they felt in the criteria of ICRP 75 or not. One-way ANOVA tests were used to analyze the significant difference of the measurement deviations in different dosimetry services, irradiation categories, and years of use. Simple linear-regression test was performed for the significance of the prediction model between measurement deviations and readout frequencies. All visited dosimetry services followed the proper statue of basic management and passed the performance check of the tolerance level. The average deviations corresponding to category I, category II deep dose, and category II shallow dose were 6.08%, 9.49%, and 10.41% respectively. There had significant differences of measurement deviation in different dosimetry services (p < 0.0001) and irradiation categories (p = 0.016) but no significant difference in years of use (p = 0.498). There was no significance in the linear-regression model between measurement deviation and badge readout frequencies. Based on the regular calibration of the personal dosimeter, the deviation of the measured value is mainly affected by different dosimetry services and irradiation categories; and there shows no significant influence by years of use and readout frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ju Feng
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Medical Physics and Radiation Measurements Laboratory, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China 112 ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Hui Wu
- grid.411824.a0000 0004 0622 7222Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Tzu-Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China 970
| | - Yi-Hui Huang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Medical Physics and Radiation Measurements Laboratory, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China 112 ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan, Republic of China ,Department of Radiation Protection, Atomic Energy Commission, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China 234
| | - Chien-Hau Chu
- grid.482644.80000 0004 0638 7461Health Physics Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China 325
| | - Ke-Yu Lien
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Medical Physics and Radiation Measurements Laboratory, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China 112 ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chieh Wang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Medical Physics and Radiation Measurements Laboratory, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China 112 ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shen-Hao Lee
- Chinese Society of Medical Physics, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China 110 ,grid.454210.60000 0004 1756 1461Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China 333
| | - Shih-Ming Hsu
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Medical Physics and Radiation Measurements Laboratory, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China 112 ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan, Republic of China ,Chinese Society of Medical Physics, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China 110
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Dubeau J, Sun J, Djeffal S, Leroux N, Golovko V, Dodkin C, Mistry R. Current status of eye-lens dosimetry in Canada. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2022; 42:011520. [PMID: 34715681 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac34a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For occupational exposures in planned exposure situations International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) publication 118 recommends an equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye of 20 mSv yr-1averaged over five years with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. This constitutes a reduction from the previous limit of 150 mSv yr-1. The Canadian nuclear regulator, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, responded to the ICRP recommendation by initiating amendments to theRadiation Protection Regulationsthrough a discussion paper which was published for comment by interested stakeholders in 2013. The revised equivalent dose limit of 50 mSv in a one-year dosimetry period for nuclear energy workers came into effect in January 2021. This paper presents the outcome of discussions with Canadian stakeholders in diverse fields of radiological work which focused on the implementation of the reduced occupational equivalent dose limit for the lens of the eye in their respective workplaces. These exchanges highlighted the existing practices for monitoring doses to the lens of the eye and identified current technological gaps. The exchanges also identified that, in many cases, the lens of the eye dose is anticipated to be well within the new dose limit despite some of the gaps in technology. The paper also presents the monitoring and eye-lens dose assessment solutions that are available based on different methods for eye-lens monitoring; presented together with criteria for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiansheng Sun
- Dosimetry Services, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, Canada
| | - Salah Djeffal
- Radiation Protection Division, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Leroux
- Dosimetry Services, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, Canada
| | - Victor Golovko
- Dosimetry Services, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Dodkin
- Radiation Protection Division, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rajesh Mistry
- Radiation Protection Division, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Dubeau J, Sun J, Leroux N, Atanackovic J, Dauer L, Witharana SH, Hanu A. A study on the use of modified extremity dosemeters for the measurement of H(3,α). RADIAT MEAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bellamy MB, Miodownik D, Quinn B, Dauer L. OCCUPATIONAL EYE LENS DOSE OVER SIX YEARS IN THE STAFF OF A US HIGH-VOLUME CANCER CENTER. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 192:321-327. [PMID: 33320204 PMCID: PMC7851735 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the dose to the eye lens of workers of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, a high-volume US oncologic and associated diseases facility. The doses presented in this report were collected from personal dosemeter readings using optically stimulated luminescence badges to estimate Hp(3). Doses were collected for 5950 clinical and research workers between January 2012 and December 2017. The median eye lens dose for all monitored workers was 0.23 mSv y-1. Workers performing, or supporting, fluoroscopy procedures received the highest unprotected eye lens dose of all workers with a median eye dose of 10 mSv. The use of leaded glasses by this group reduced the actual doses to the lens. Nurses and technicians involved in positron emission tomography injections received median eye lens dose of 1.2 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Bellamy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Miodownik
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Quinn
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Dauer
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Cantone MC, Ginjaume M, Martin CJ, Hamada N, Yokoyama S, Bordy JM, Dauer L, Durán A, Jeffries C, Harris W, Kashirina O, Koteng AO, Michelin S, Sudchai W. Report of IRPA task group on issues and actions taken in response to the change in eye lens dose limit. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2020; 40:1508-1533. [PMID: 33226005 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abb5ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) established its third task group (TG) on the implementation of the eye lens dose limit. To contribute to sharing experience and raising awareness within the radiation protection community about protection of workers in exposure of the lens of the eye, the TG conducted a questionnaire survey and analysed the responses. This paper provides an overview of the results of the questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Merce Ginjaume
- Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Colin J Martin
- University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jean-Marc Bordy
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lawrence Dauer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medical Physics, New York, United States of America
| | - Ariel Durán
- University Hospital, Montevideo School of Medicine, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cameron Jeffries
- Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, South Australia, Australia
| | - Willie Harris
- Exelon Nuclear, 200 Exelon Way, United States of America
| | - Olga Kashirina
- Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arthur Omondi Koteng
- Kenia Radiation Protection Board, RPB, Eastern Africa Association for Radiation Protection, EAARP, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Waraporn Sudchai
- TINT, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
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Alves JG, Fantuzzi E, Rühm W, Gilvin P, Vargas A, Tanner R, Rabus H, Lopez MA, Breustedt B, Harrison R, Stolarczyk L, Fattibene P, Woda C, Caresana M, Knežević Ž, Bottollier-Depois JF, Clairand I, Mayer S, Miljanic S, Olko P, Schuhmacher H, Stadtmann H, Vanhavere F. EURADOS education and training activities. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2019; 39:R37-R50. [PMID: 31307030 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a summary of the Education and Training (E&T) activities that have been developed and organised by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) in recent years and in the case of Training Courses over the last decade. These E&T actions include short duration Training Courses on well-established topics organised within the activity of EURADOS Working Groups (WGs), or one-day events integrated in the EURADOS Annual Meeting (workshops, winter schools, the intercomparison participants' sessions and the learning network, among others). Moreover, EURADOS has recently established a Young Scientist Grant and a Young Scientist Award. The Grant supports young scientists by encouraging them to perform research projects at other laboratories of the EURADOS network. The Award is given in recognition of excellent work developed within the WGs' work programme. Additionally, EURADOS supports the dissemination of knowledge in radiation dosimetry by promoting and endorsing conferences such as the individual monitoring (IM) series, the neutron and ion dosimetry symposia (NEUDOS) and contributions to E&T sessions at specific events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Alves
- EURADOS, EURADOS e.V. Postfach 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany. Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Laboratório de Proteção e Segurança Radiológica (LPSR), Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal. Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares (DECN), Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), do IST, Portugal
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Hoedlmoser H, Greiter M, Bandalo V, Mende E, Brönner J, Kleinau P, Haninger T, Furlan M, Schmid M, Esser R, Scheubert P, Figel M. New eye lens dosemeters for integration in radiation protection glasses. RADIAT MEAS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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