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Fernandino L, Binder JR. How does the "default mode" network contribute to semantic cognition? BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2024; 252:105405. [PMID: 38579461 PMCID: PMC11135161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2024.105405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
This review examines whether and how the "default mode" network (DMN) contributes to semantic processing. We review evidence implicating the DMN in the processing of individual word meanings and in sentence- and discourse-level semantics. Next, we argue that the areas comprising the DMN contribute to semantic processing by coordinating and integrating the simultaneous activity of local neuronal ensembles across multiple unimodal and multimodal cortical regions, creating a transient, global neuronal ensemble. The resulting ensemble implements an integrated simulation of phenomenological experience - that is, an embodied situation model - constructed from various modalities of experiential memory traces. These situation models, we argue, are necessary not only for semantic processing but also for aspects of cognition that are not traditionally considered semantic. Although many aspects of this proposal remain provisional, we believe it provides new insights into the relationships between semantic and non-semantic cognition and into the functions of the DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Fernandino
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Jeffrey R Binder
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Wyngaarden JB, Johnston CR, Sazhin D, Dennison JB, Zaff O, Fareri D, McCloskey M, Alloy LB, Smith DV, Jarcho JM. Corticostriatal Responses to Social Reward are Linked to Trait Reward Sensitivity and Subclinical Substance Use in Young Adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.17.524305. [PMID: 36711485 PMCID: PMC9882176 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.17.524305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant levels of reward sensitivity have been linked to substance use disorder and are characterized by alterations in reward processing in the ventral striatum (VS). Less is known about how reward sensitivity and subclinical substance use relate to striatal function during social rewards (e.g., positive peer feedback). Testing this relation is critical for predicting risk for development of substance use disorder. In this pre-registered study, participants (N=44) underwent fMRI while completing well-matched tasks that assess neural response to reward in social and monetary domains. Contrary to our hypotheses, aberrant reward sensitivity blunted the relationship between substance use and striatal activation during receipt of rewards, regardless of domain. Moreover, exploratory whole-brain analyses showed unique relations between substance use and social rewards in temporoparietal junction. Psychophysiological interactions demonstrated that aberrant reward sensitivity is associated with increased connectivity between the VS and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during social rewards. Finally, we found that substance use was associated with decreased connectivity between the VS and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for social rewards, independent of reward sensitivity. These findings demonstrate nuanced relations between reward sensitivity and substance use, even among those without substance use disorder, and suggest altered reward-related engagement of cortico-VS responses as potential predictors of developing disordered behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Wyngaarden
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Camille R. Johnston
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Sazhin
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeff B. Dennison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ori Zaff
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dominic Fareri
- Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Michael McCloskey
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David V. Smith
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Johanna M. Jarcho
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Maza MT, Kwon SJ, Jorgensen NA, Capella J, Prinstein MJ, Lindquist KA, Telzer EH. Neurobiological sensitivity to popular peers moderates daily links between social media use and affect. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 65:101335. [PMID: 38183857 PMCID: PMC10818203 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media behaviors increase during adolescence, and quantifiable feedback metrics (e.g., likes, followers) may amplify the value of social status for teens. Social media's impact on adolescents' daily affect may be exacerbated given the neurodevelopmental changes that increase youths' sensitivity to socio-emotional information. This study examines whether neurobiological sensitivity to popularity moderates daily links between social media use and affect. Adolescents (N = 91, Mage=13.6 years, SDage=0.6 years) completed an fMRI task in which they viewed faces of their high (>1 SD above the mean) and low (<1 SD below the mean) popular peers based on peer-nominated sociometric ratings from their school social networks. Two years later, adolescents reported their time spent on social media and affect daily for two weeks. Neural tracking of popularity in the ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex moderated the association between time on social media and affect. Specifically, adolescents who tracked high popular peers in the vmPFC reported more positive affect on days when they used social media more. Adolescents who tracked low popular peers in the vmPFC and dmPFC reported more negative affect on days when they used social media more. Results suggest that links between social media and affect depend on individual differences in neural sensitivity to popularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Maza
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Seh-Joo Kwon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathan A Jorgensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jimmy Capella
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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4
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Karagoz AB, Morse SJ, Reagh ZM. Cortico-hippocampal networks carry information about characters and their relationships in an extended narrative. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108729. [PMID: 37951387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Social information is a centerpiece of human experience. Despite a wealth of research into the way we understand social relationships and how aspects of social life might be supported by the brain, relatively little is known about how the brain represents individual people and their relationships with others. How do intrinsic networks in the brain track people and their connections in complex situations? Here, we sought to understand this issue using an open neuroimaging dataset in which people freely viewed "The Grand Budapest Hotel." Using support vector machine classification of fMRI activity patterns, we found that character identity could be decoded throughout subsystems of the brain's "Default Mode" Network, especially in regions of an Anterior Temporal and a Medial Prefrontal subsystem, as well as a Medial Temporal Network (MTN). We tested character relationships in two ways - onscreen co-occurrence and shared semantic information from an independent sample of character descriptions - and found evidence for these representations throughout the "Default Mode" Network, and the MTN. The extent to which each variant of character relationships fit neural patterns differed across networks, with abstract semantic relatedness being especially prominent in regions of Anterior Temporal and Medial Prefrontal Networks. These data show that subsystems of the brain's "Default Mode" Network and MTN carry information about individual people as well as their connections, and highlight a particularly strong role for the Anterior Temporal network in representing this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata B Karagoz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA.
| | - Sarah J Morse
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Zachariah M Reagh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
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5
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Messimeris D, Levy R, Le Bouc R. Economic and social values in the brain: evidence from lesions to the human ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1198262. [PMID: 37900604 PMCID: PMC10602746 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1198262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Making good economic and social decisions is essential for individual and social welfare. Decades of research have provided compelling evidence that damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is associated with dramatic personality changes and impairments in economic and social decision-making. However, whether the vmPFC subserves a unified mechanism in the social and non-social domains remains unclear. When choosing between economic options, the vmPFC is thought to guide decision by encoding value signals that reflect the motivational relevance of the options on a common scale. A recent framework, the "extended common neural currency" hypothesis, suggests that the vmPFC may also assign values to social factors and principles, thereby guiding social decision-making. Although neural value signals have been observed in the vmPFC in both social and non-social studies, it is yet to be determined whether they have a causal influence on behavior or merely correlate with decision-making. In this review, we assess whether lesion studies of patients with vmPFC damage offer evidence for such a causal role of the vmPFC in shaping economic and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Messimeris
- FrontLab, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Richard Levy
- FrontLab, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Le Bouc
- Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
- Motivation, Brain and Behavior Laboratory (MBB), Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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6
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Putnam PT, Chu CCJ, Fagan NA, Dal Monte O, Chang SWC. Dissociation of vicarious and experienced rewards by coupling frequency within the same neural pathway. Neuron 2023; 111:2513-2522.e4. [PMID: 37348507 PMCID: PMC10527039 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Vicarious reward, essential to social learning and decision making, is theorized to engage select brain regions similarly to experienced reward to generate a shared experience. However, it is just as important for neural systems to also differentiate vicarious from experienced rewards for social interaction. Here, we investigated the neuronal interaction between the primate anterior cingulate cortex gyrus (ACCg) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA) when social choices made by monkeys led to either vicarious or experienced reward. Coherence between ACCg spikes and BLA local field potential (LFP) selectively increased in gamma frequencies for vicarious reward, whereas it selectively increased in alpha/beta frequencies for experienced reward. These respectively enhanced couplings for vicarious and experienced rewards were uniquely observed following voluntary choices. Moreover, reward outcomes had consistently strong directional influences from ACCg to BLA. Our findings support a mechanism of vicarious reward where social agency is tagged by interareal coordination frequency within the same shared pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T Putnam
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Cheng-Chi J Chu
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Nicholas A Fagan
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Olga Dal Monte
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Steve W C Chang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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7
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Xie H, Moraczewski D, McNaughton KA, Warnell KR, Alkire D, Merchant JS, Kirby LA, Yarger HA, Redcay E. Social reward network connectivity differs between autistic and neurotypical youth during social interaction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.05.543807. [PMID: 37333161 PMCID: PMC10274709 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.05.543807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
A core feature of autism is difficulties with social interaction. Atypical social motivation is proposed to underlie these difficulties. However, prior work testing this hypothesis has shown mixed support and has been limited in its ability to understand real-world social-interactive processes in autism. We attempted to address these limitations by scanning neurotypical and autistic youth (n = 86) during a text-based reciprocal social interaction that mimics a "live" chat and elicits social reward processes. We focused on task-evoked functional connectivity (FC) of regions responsible for motivational-reward and mentalizing processes within the broader social reward circuitry. We found that task-evoked FC between these regions was significantly modulated by social interaction and receipt of social-interactive reward. Compared to neurotypical peers, autistic youth showed significantly greater task-evoked connectivity of core regions in the mentalizing network (e.g., posterior superior temporal sulcus) and the amygdala, a key node in the reward network. Furthermore, across groups, the connectivity strength between these mentalizing and reward regions was negatively correlated with self-reported social motivation and social reward during the scanner task. Our results highlight an important role of FC within the broader social reward circuitry for social-interactive reward. Specifically, greater context-dependent FC (i.e., differences between social engagement and non-social engagement) may indicate an increased "neural effort" during social reward and relate to differences in social motivation within autistic and neurotypical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xie
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Dustin Moraczewski
- Data Science and Sharing Team, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn A. McNaughton
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Diana Alkire
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Junaid S. Merchant
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura A. Kirby
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather A. Yarger
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Redcay
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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8
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Zahedi A, Artigas SO, Swaboda N, Wiers CE, Görgen K, Park SQ. Neural correlates of changing food choices while bypassing values. Neuroimage 2023; 274:120134. [PMID: 37100103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Current theories suggest that altering choices requires value modification. To investigate this, normal-weight female participants' food choices and values were tested before and after an approach-avoidance training (AAT), while neural activity was recorded during the choice task using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During AAT, participants consistently approached low- while avoiding high-calorie food cues. AAT facilitated low-calorie food choices, leaving food values unchanged. Instead, we observed a shift in indifference points, indicating the decreased contribution of food values in food choices. Training-induced choice shifts were associated with increased activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). In contrast, the medial PFC activity was not changed. Additionally, PCC grey matter density predicted individual differences in training-induced functional changes, suggesting anatomic predispositions to training impact. Our findings demonstrate neural mechanisms underlying choice modulation independent of valuation-related processes, with substantial theoretical significance for decision-making frameworks and translational implications for health-related decisions resilient to value shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoushiravan Zahedi
- Department of Decision Neuroscience & Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany;; Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany;; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany;; Department of Psychology, University of Muenster (Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster).
| | | | - Nora Swaboda
- Max-Planck-Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kai Görgen
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany;; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany;; Science of Intelligence, Research Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Soyoung Q Park
- Department of Decision Neuroscience & Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany;; Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany;; Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany;; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany;.
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9
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Kietzman HW, Gourley SL. How social information impacts action in rodents and humans: the role of the prefrontal cortex and its connections. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105075. [PMID: 36736847 PMCID: PMC10026261 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Day-to-day choices often involve social information and can be influenced by prior social experience. When making a decision in a social context, a subject might need to: 1) recognize the other individual or individuals, 2) infer their intentions and emotions, and 3) weigh the values of all outcomes, social and non-social, prior to selecting an action. These elements of social information processing all rely, to some extent, on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Patients with neuropsychiatric disorders often have disruptions in prefrontal cortical function, likely contributing to deficits in social reasoning and decision making. To better understand these deficits, researchers have turned to rodents, which have revealed prefrontal cortical mechanisms for contending with the complex information processing demands inherent to making decisions in social contexts. Here, we first review literature regarding social decision making, and the information processing underlying it, in humans and patient populations. We then turn to research in rodents, discussing current procedures for studying social decision making, and underlying neural correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry W Kietzman
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Emory University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA.
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Emory University, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta GA 30329, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, USA.
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10
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Chan YC, Chou TL. Effective connectivity of the amygdala during the consumption of erotic, sexual humor, and monetary rewards with a DCM-PEB approach. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279281. [PMID: 36580445 PMCID: PMC9799303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While a large body of research exists on the processing of monetary rewards, less is known about sexual reward processing. This study aimed to identify effective connectivity for the consumption of sexual (erotic and sexual humor) and non-sexual (monetary) rewards, using dynamic causal modeling and parametric empirical Bayes with subjective hedonic ratings included. Our results support the importance of the amygdala for sexual humor amusement, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) for monetary rewards, and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) for erotic pleasure. The amygdala, NAc, and lOFC are major dopaminergic targets with known roles in the reward circuitry. Appreciating sexual humor was associated with ventral tegmental area (VTA) to amygdala connectivity. Enjoying monetary gains was associated with VTA-to-NAc and amygdala-to-NAc connectivity. The mesolimbic dopamine system originates in the VTA and sends major projections to the amygdala and NAc. Specifically, sexual humor appreciation was associated with effective connectivity from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to the amygdala, suggesting that subjective pleasure triggers activation of the vmPFC which exerts an excitatory influence on the amygdala. Unexpectedly, processing pleasure from monetary gains was linked to VTA-to-vmPFC connectivity, rather than the expected vmPFC-to-NAc connectivity. Importantly, we identified core roles for the amygdala. Sexual humor appreciation was associated with VTA-to-amygdala and vmPFC-to-amygdala effective connectivity, while we found amygdala-to-lOFC connectivity for erotic pleasure and amygdala-to-NAc connectivity for pleasure from monetary gains. Our findings represent an important step in understanding how effective connectivity in the mesocorticolimbic-amygdala circuitry differs for processing the consumption of sexual and monetary rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chan
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Hofmans L, van den Bos W. Social learning across adolescence: A Bayesian neurocognitive perspective. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101151. [PMID: 36183664 PMCID: PMC9526184 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of social re-orientation in which we are generally more prone to peer influence and the updating of our beliefs based on social information, also called social learning, than in any other stage of our life. However, how do we know when to use social information and whose information to use and how does this ability develop across adolescence? Here, we review the social learning literature from a behavioral, neural and computational viewpoint, focusing on the development of brain systems related to executive functioning, value-based decision-making and social cognition. We put forward a Bayesian reinforcement learning framework that incorporates social learning about value associated with particular behavior and uncertainty in our environment and experiences. We discuss how this framework can inform us about developmental changes in social learning, including how the assessment of uncertainty and the ability to adaptively discriminate between information from different social sources change across adolescence. By combining reward-based decision-making in the domains of both informational and normative influence, this framework explains both negative and positive social peer influence in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Hofmans
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Correspondence to: Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, room G1.05, 1018WS Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wouter van den Bos
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Amsterdam Brain and Cognition Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Scholz C, Chan HY, Poldrack RA, de Ridder DTD, Smidts A, van der Laan LN. Can we have a second helping? A preregistered direct replication study on the neurobiological mechanisms underlying self-control. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4995-5016. [PMID: 36082693 PMCID: PMC9582371 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self‐control is of vital importance for human wellbeing. Hare et al. (2009) were among the first to provide empirical evidence on the neural correlates of self‐control. This seminal study profoundly impacted theory and empirical work across multiple fields. To solidify the empirical evidence supporting self‐control theory, we conducted a preregistered replication of this work. Further, we tested the robustness of the findings across analytic strategies. Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while rating 50 food items on healthiness and tastiness and making choices about food consumption. We closely replicated the original analysis pipeline and supplemented it with additional exploratory analyses to follow‐up on unexpected findings and to test the sensitivity of results to key analytical choices. Our replication data provide support for the notion that decisions are associated with a value signal in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which integrates relevant choice attributes to inform a final decision. We found that vmPFC activity was correlated with goal values regardless of the amount of self‐control and it correlated with both taste and health in self‐controllers but only taste in non‐self‐controllers. We did not find strong support for the hypothesized role of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in self‐control. The absence of statistically significant group differences in dlPFC activity during successful self‐control in our sample contrasts with the notion that dlPFC involvement is required in order to effectively integrate longer‐term goals into subjective value judgments. Exploratory analyses highlight the sensitivity of results (in terms of effect size) to the analytical strategy, for instance, concerning the approach to region‐of‐interest analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Scholz
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hang-Yee Chan
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Russell A Poldrack
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Denise T D de Ridder
- Department of Social, Health and Organisational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ale Smidts
- Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Sadiq MW, Hameed J, Huo C, Abdullah MI. Service innovation in small neighborhood family firms: An advanced approach to enhance employee's performance through social and psychological rewards. Front Public Health 2022; 10:984848. [PMID: 36033754 PMCID: PMC9411929 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.984848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This research study focuses on the employee's job performance of private small firms during the post COVID-19 situation. After the COVID these small family firms try to regain their business, but their efforts are not that much successful. This situation creates a financial crisis in these firms, and they are unable to provide sufficient monetary rewards to their employees. This situation creates unrest among the employees of these small firms. To manage this issue, social rewards and psychological rewards played their role. The study uses a causal research design with a correlational study design in a non-contrived environment. Minimal researcher interference has been assured. AMOS 24 has dealt with the mediation in study design with bootstrap methodology. The study was conducted on 250 employees of different private small family firms across Punjab province using a proportionate stratified sampling technique. A study's finding suggests that top management enhances employee performance in their organizations by introducing the organization's psychological rewards. In contrast, introducing social rewards does not significantly impact employee performance while considering satisfaction and motivation as a mediating variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas Sadiq
- Business School, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China,Department of Management Sciences, Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS) University Islamabad, Sahiwal, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Muhammad Waqas Sadiq
| | | | - Chunhui Huo
- Business School, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China,Chunhui Huo
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Abdullah
- Department of Management Sciences, Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS) University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan
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14
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Dennison JB, Sazhin D, Smith DV. Decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics: Recent progress and ongoing challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COGNITIVE SCIENCE 2022; 13:e1589. [PMID: 35137549 PMCID: PMC9124684 DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, decision neuroscience and neuroeconomics have developed many new insights in the study of decision making. This review provides an overarching update on how the field has advanced in this time period. Although our initial review a decade ago outlined several theoretical, conceptual, methodological, empirical, and practical challenges, there has only been limited progress in resolving these challenges. We summarize significant trends in decision neuroscience through the lens of the challenges outlined for the field and review examples where the field has had significant, direct, and applicable impacts across economics and psychology. First, we review progress on topics including reward learning, explore-exploit decisions, risk and ambiguity, intertemporal choice, and valuation. Next, we assess the impacts of emotion, social rewards, and social context on decision making. Then, we follow up with how individual differences impact choices and new exciting developments in the prediction and neuroforecasting of future decisions. Finally, we consider how trends in decision-neuroscience research reflect progress toward resolving past challenges, discuss new and exciting applications of recent research, and identify new challenges for the field. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Reasoning and Decision Making Psychology > Emotion and Motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Dennison
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Sazhin
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David V Smith
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Chakraborty P, Alalwan M, Johnson RM, Li L, Lancaster KE, Zhu M. Mental health and substance use by sexual minority status in high school students who experienced sexual violence. Ann Epidemiol 2021; 64:127-131. [PMID: 34571196 PMCID: PMC8804963 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between sexual minority status and the prevalence of emotional distress and substance use among a nationally-representative sample of youth who reported sexual violence victimization. METHODS Data were from the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a biennial school-based survey. We restricted the sample to youth who reported any past-year sexual violence victimization. We estimated prevalence ratios using modified Poisson regression with robust error variance to examine associations of sexual minority status with depressive symptomology, suicidality, and substance use. RESULTS Among the 1364 (9.7%) students who experienced sexual violence, 78% were girls. Relative to heterosexual youth, sexual minority youth had higher prevalence estimates for the emotional distress outcomes and marijuana use. Sexual minority status was associated with depressive symptomology (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.22-1.44), suicidal ideation (aPR: 1.91, 1.66-2.20), medically treated suicide attempt (aPR: 2.74, 1.53-4.93), and past 30-day marijuana use (aPR: 1.29, 1.06-1.57). CONCLUSIONS Among youth who experience sexual violence, sexual minorities may experience more emotional distress and substance use outcomes than heterosexuals. Rape crisis programs and other tertiary interventions should attend to the unique needs of sexual minorities who have been sexually victimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Chakraborty
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mahmood Alalwan
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Li Li
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kathryn E Lancaster
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Motao Zhu
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
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16
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Konovalov A, Hill C, Daunizeau J, Ruff CC. Dissecting functional contributions of the social brain to strategic behavior. Neuron 2021; 109:3323-3337.e5. [PMID: 34407389 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions routinely lead to neural activity in a "social brain network" comprising, among other regions, the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). But what is the function of these areas? Are they specialized for behavior in social contexts or do they implement computations required for dealing with any reactive process, even non-living entities? Here, we use fMRI and a game paradigm separating the need for these two aspects of cognition. We find that most social-brain areas respond to both social and non-social reactivity rather than just to human opponents. However, the TPJ shows a dissociation from the dmPFC: its activity and connectivity primarily reflect context-dependent outcome processing and reactivity detection, while dmPFC engagement is linked to implementation of a behavioral strategy. Our results characterize an overarching computational property of the social brain but also suggest specialized roles for subregions of this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Konovalov
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics (ZNE), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland.
| | - Christopher Hill
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics (ZNE), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
| | - Jean Daunizeau
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France; INSERM UMR S975, Paris, France
| | - Christian C Ruff
- Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics (ZNE), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland.
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17
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Djerassi M, Ophir S, Atzil S. What Is Social about Autism? The Role of Allostasis-Driven Learning. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1269. [PMID: 34679334 PMCID: PMC8534207 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific research on neuro-cognitive mechanisms of autism often focuses on circuits that support social functioning. However, autism is a heterogeneous developmental variation in multiple domains, including social communication, but also language, cognition, and sensory-motor control. This suggests that the underlying mechanisms of autism share a domain-general foundation that impacts all of these processes. In this Perspective Review, we propose that autism is not a social deficit that results from an atypical "social brain". Instead, typical social development relies on learning. In social animals, infants depend on their caregivers for survival, which makes social information vitally salient. The infant must learn to socially interact in order to survive and develop, and the most prominent learning in early life is crafted by social interactions. Therefore, the most prominent outcome of a learning variation is atypical social development. To support the hypothesis that autism results from a variation in learning, we first review evidence from neuroscience and developmental science, demonstrating that typical social development depends on two domain-general processes that determine learning: (a) motivation, guided by allostatic regulation of the internal milieu; and (b) multi-modal associations, determined by the statistical regularities of the external milieu. These two processes are basic ingredients of typical development because they determine allostasis-driven learning of the social environment. We then review evidence showing that allostasis and learning are affected among individuals with autism, both neurally and behaviorally. We conclude by proposing a novel domain-general framework that emphasizes allostasis-driven learning as a key process underlying autism. Guided by allostasis, humans learn to become social, therefore, the atypical social profile seen in autism can reflect a domain-general variation in allostasis-driven learning. This domain-general view raises novel research questions in both basic and clinical research and points to targets for clinical intervention that can lower the age of diagnosis and improve the well-being of individuals with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shir Atzil
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel; (M.D.); (S.O.)
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18
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Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic symptom comprising reduced subjective reward or pleasure. Anhedonia influences subjective anticipation and in-the-moment experiences. This review draws together affective learning and engagement evidence for anhedonia affecting subjective experiences of social environments.
Recent Findings
While social engagement is diminished consistently, subjective appraisals of social contexts vary across different mental health disorders. Low positive affect during social experiences or stimuli is reported in PTSD, mood, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. Diminished neural reward networks underpin the anticipation of social experiences in ADHD, schizophrenia spectrum, and autistic spectrum disorders. Multiple theories exist to explain how anhedonia might interfere with social environments.
Summary
Anhedonia is a barrier to engagement, motivation, and enjoyment of social contexts. While many studies characterize experiences during social contexts, learning theories provide the most promise for developing targeted interventions.
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19
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Wang J, Li Y, Wang S, Guo W, Ye H, Shi J, Luo J. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) over the Frontopolar Cortex (FPC) Alters the Demand for Precommitment. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113487. [PMID: 34302873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caving into temptation leads to deviation from the planned path, which reduces our performance, adds trouble to our daily life, and can even bring about psychiatric disorders. Precommitment is an effective way to remedy the failure of willpower by removing the tempting short-term option. This paper aims to test the neural mechanisms of precommitment through a monetary task that excluded the interference of heterogeneous individual preferences and complements present researches. We examined whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the frontopolar cortex (FPC) could affect the demand for precommitment. The participants were required to make a decision regarding whether they were willing to precommit to binding later-lar ger rewards and remove the sooner-smaller rewards. Three conditions, including no precommitment, loose precommitment and strict precommitment, were established to perform a comprehensive investigation. We found that tDCS over the FPC altered the demand for precommitment in the condition involving loose precommitment with the control of delay discounting, specifically, anodal stimulation led to more precommitment, whereas cathodal stimulation reduced the demand for precommitment. Our findings established a causal correlation between the FPC and willingness to precommit and suggested a feasible method to enhance self-control in addition to exercising willpower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Wang
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-making (CEBD), Neuro & Behavior EconLab (NBEL), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhen Li
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China; Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-making (CEBD), Neuro & Behavior EconLab (NBEL), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-making (CEBD), Neuro & Behavior EconLab (NBEL), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China; School of Economics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenmin Guo
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China; Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-making (CEBD), Neuro & Behavior EconLab (NBEL), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Ye
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China; Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-making (CEBD), Neuro & Behavior EconLab (NBEL), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinchuan Shi
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China; Center for Economic Behavior and Decision-making (CEBD), Neuro & Behavior EconLab (NBEL), Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying improvement of prosocial responses by a novel implicit compassion promotion task. Neuroimage 2021; 240:118333. [PMID: 34229063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Compassion is closely associated with prosocial behavior. Although there is growing interest in developing strategies that cultivate compassion, most available strategies rely on effortful reflective processes. Furthermore, few studies have investigated neurocognitive mechanisms underlying compassion-dependent improvement of prosocial responses. We devised a novel implicit compassion promotion task that operates based on association learning and examined its prosocial effects in two independent experiments. In Experiment 1, healthy adults were assigned to either the compassion or control group. For the intervention task, the compassion group completed word fragments that were consistently related to compassionate responses toward others; in contrast, the control group completed word fragments related to emotionally neutral responses toward others. Following the intervention task, we measured attentional biases to fearful, sad, and happy faces. Prosocial responses were assessed using two measures of helping: the pen-drop test and the helping intentions rating test. In Experiment 2, independent groups of healthy adults completed the same intervention tasks used in Experiment 1. Inside a functional MRI scanner, participants rated empathic care and distress based on either distressful or neutral video clips. Outside the scanner, we assessed the degree of helping intentions toward the victims depicted in the distressful clips. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the compassion promotion task reduced attentional vigilance to fearful faces, which in turn mediated a compassion promotion task-dependent increase in helping intentions. In Experiment 2, relative to the control group, the compassion group showed reduced empathic distress and increased activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex in response to others' suffering. Furthermore, increased functional connectivity of the medial orbitofrontal and inferior parietal cortex, predicted by reduced empathic distress, explained the increase in helping intentions. These results suggest the potential of implicit compassion promotion intervention to modulate compassion-related and prosocial responses as well as highlight the brain activation and connectivity related to these responses, contributing to our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying compassion-dependent prosocial improvement.
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21
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Xiang G, Li Q, Xiao M, He L, Chen X, Du X, Liu X, Song S, Wu Y, Chen H. Goal setting and attaining: Neural correlates of positive coping style and hope. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13887. [PMID: 34180066 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trait hope focuses on individual goal-related thoughts and is assumed to be a critical indicator for one's mental health. However, the neurobiological basis of hope and the neurological mechanisms underlying the relationship between positive coping style (PCS) and hope (including the two dimensions of pathway thinking and agency thinking) are still largely unknown. Thus, this study explored the neural basis of trait hope by correlating the regional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) with the self-reported hope of 576 healthy first-year college students underwent RS-fMRI. Our results showed that trait hope was positively associated with PCS. A whole-brain correlation analysis provided early evidence that higher levels of trait hope were associated with decreased ALFF in the left frontal pole cortex (FPC). Additionally, pathway thinking was associated with decreased ALFF in FPC, increased ALFF in the right postcentral gyrus (PCG), decreased RSFC of the left FPC and left posterior cingulate cortex, the left FPC and right middle temporal gyrus, and the right PCG and left cerebellum. Furthermore, mediation analyses demonstrated that the PCG-cerebellum connectivity might link to pathway thinking through PCS and PCS might relate to trait hope through PCG-cerebellum connectivity. Our findings contribute to the neurobiological basis of hope and the neural mechanism underlying the relationship between trait hope and coping style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcan Xiang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Li He
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Ximei Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Du
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, Sichuan, China
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22
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Kwon SJ, Do KT, McCormick EM, Telzer EH. Neural Correlates of Conflicting Social Influence on Adolescent Risk Taking. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:139-152. [PMID: 33070432 PMCID: PMC9356537 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is often characterized by heightened risk-taking behaviors, which are shaped by social influence from parents and peers. However, little is understood about how adolescents make risky decisions under conflicting influence. The valuation system in the brain may elucidate how adolescents differentially integrate conflicting social information. Twenty-eight adolescents (Mage = 12.7 years) completed a social influence task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Behaviorally, adolescents took more risks only when their parent endorsed risky decisions but not when their peers endorsed risky decisions. At the neural level, adolescents showed enhanced vmPFC-striatum functional connectivity when they made risky decisions that followed their parents' risky decisions. Results suggest that parents' decisions may guide youths' risk-taking behavior under conflicting influence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathy T Do
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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23
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Kim SJ, Kim MK, Shin YB, Kim HE, Kwon JH, Kim JJ. Differences in resting-state functional connectivity according to the level of impulsiveness in patients with internet gaming disorder. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:88-98. [PMID: 33625381 PMCID: PMC8969862 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Impulsiveness is an important factor in the pathophysiology of Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and regional brain functions can be different depending on the level of impulsiveness. This study aimed to demonstrate that different brain mechanisms are involved depending on the level of impulsiveness among patients with IGD. METHODS Resting-state functional MRI data were obtained from 23 IGD patients with high impulsivity, 27 IGD patients with low impulsivity, and 22 healthy controls, and seed-based functional connectivity was compared among the three groups. The seed regions were the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and amygdala. RESULTS Connectivity of the vmPFC with the left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and NAcc-left insula connectivity were significantly decreased in the patients with high impulsivity, compared with the patients with low impulsivity and healthy controls. On the other hand, amygdala-based connectivity with the left inferior frontal gyrus showed decreases in both patient groups, compared with the healthy controls. CONCLUSION These findings may suggest a potential relationship between impulsivity and deficits in reward-related social cognition processes in patients with IGD. In particular, certain interventions targeted at vmPFC-TPJ connectivity, found to be impulsivity-specific brain connectivity, are likely to help with addiction recovery among impulsive patients with IGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Bin Shin
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hesun Erin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Kwon
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Chuan-Peng H, Huang Y, Eickhoff SB, Peng K, Sui J. Seeking the "Beauty Center" in the Brain: A Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies of Beautiful Human Faces and Visual Art. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:1200-1215. [PMID: 33089442 PMCID: PMC8058033 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past two decades, cognitive neuroscientists have sought to elucidate the common neural basis of the experience of beauty. Still, empirical evidence for such common neural basis of different forms of beauty is not conclusive. To address this question, we performed an activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on the existing neuroimaging studies of beauty appreciation of faces and visual art by nonexpert adults (49 studies, 982 participants, meta-data are available at https://osf.io/s9xds/ ). We observed that perceiving these two forms of beauty activated distinct brain regions: While the beauty of faces convergently activated the left ventral striatum, the beauty of visual art convergently activated the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC). However, a conjunction analysis failed to reveal any common brain regions for the beauty of visual art and faces. The implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chuan-Peng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sui
- School of Psychology, the University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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25
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Sazhin D, Frazier AM, Haynes CR, Johnston CR, Chat IKY, Dennison JB, Bart CP, McCloskey ME, Chein JM, Fareri DS, Alloy LB, Jarcho JM, Smith DV. The Role of Social Reward and Corticostriatal Connectivity in Substance Use. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2020; 5:e200024. [PMID: 33215046 PMCID: PMC7673297 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20200024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an ongoing R03 grant that explores the links between trait reward sensitivity, substance use, and neural responses to social and nonsocial reward. Although previous research has shown that trait reward sensitivity and neural responses to reward are linked to substance use, whether this relationship is impacted by how people process social stimuli remains unclear. We are investigating these questions via a neuroimaging study with college-aged participants, using individual difference measures that examine the relation between substance use, social context, and trait reward sensitivity with tasks that measure reward anticipation, strategic behavior, social reward consumption, and the influence of social context on reward processing. We predict that substance use will be tied to distinct patterns of striatal dysfunction. Specifically, reward hyposensitive individuals will exhibit blunted striatal responses to social and non-social reward and enhanced connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex; in contrast, reward hypersensitive individuals will exhibit enhanced striatal responses to social and non-social reward and blunted connectivity with the orbitofrontal cortex. We also will examine the relation between self-reported reward sensitivity, substance use, and striatal responses to social reward and social context. We predict that individuals reporting the highest levels of substance use will show exaggerated striatal responses to social reward and social context, independent of self-reported reward sensitivity. Examining corticostriatal responses to reward processing will help characterize the relation between reward sensitivity, social context and substance use while providing a foundation for understanding risk factors and isolating neurocognitive mechanisms that may be targeted to increase the efficacy of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sazhin
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Caleb R. Haynes
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Iris Ka-Yi Chat
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Corinne P. Bart
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | | | - Jason M. Chein
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Dominic S. Fareri
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Johanna M. Jarcho
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - David V. Smith
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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26
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Shuster A, Levy DJ. Contribution of self- and other-regarding motives to (dis)honesty. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15844. [PMID: 32985527 PMCID: PMC7522268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Why would people tell the truth when there is an obvious gain in lying and no risk of being caught? Previous work suggests the involvement of two motives, self-interest and regard for others. However, it remains unknown if these motives are related or distinctly contribute to (dis)honesty, and what are the neural instantiations of these motives. Using a modified Message Game task, in which a Sender sends a dishonest (yet profitable) or honest (less profitable) message to a Receiver, we found that these two motives contributed to dishonesty independently. Furthermore, the two motives involve distinct brain networks: the LPFC tracked potential value to self, whereas the rTPJ tracked potential losses to other, and individual differences in motives modulated these neural responses. Finally, activity in the vmPFC represented a balance of the two motives unique to each participant. Taken together, our results suggest that (dis)honest decisions incorporate at least two separate cognitive and neural processes-valuation of potential profits to self and valuation of potential harm to others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Shuster
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Coller School of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Dino J Levy
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Coller School of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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27
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Ito A, Yoshida K, Takeda K, Sawamura D, Murakami Y, Hasegawa A, Sakai S, Izuma K. The role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in automatic formation of impression and reflected impression. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3045-3058. [PMID: 32301546 PMCID: PMC7336154 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activity reflects how much an individual positively views each person (impression). Here, we investigated whether the degree to which individuals think others positively view them (reflected impression) is similarly tracked by activity in the vmPFC by using fMRI and speed-dating events. We also examined whether activity of the vmPFC in response to the faces of others would predict the impression formed through direct interactions with them. The task consisted of three sessions: pre-speed-dating fMRI, speed-dating events, and post-speed-dating fMRI (not reported here). During the pre-speed-dating fMRI, each participant passively viewed the faces of others whom they would meet in the subsequent speed-dating events. After the fMRI, they rated the impression and reflected impression of each face. During the speed-dating events, the participants had 3-min conversations with partners whose faces were presented during the fMRI task, and they were asked to choose the partners whom they preferred at the end of the events. The results revealed that the value of both the impression and reflected impression were automatically represented in the vmPFC. However, the impression fully mediated the link between the reflected impression and vmPFC activity. These results highlight a close link between reflected appraisal and impression formation and provide important insights into neural and psychological models of how the reflected impression is formed in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayahito Ito
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenta Takeda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | | | - Yui Murakami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ai Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Sakai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keise Izuma
- Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi, Japan
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28
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Ludwiczak A, Osman M, Jahanshahi M. Redefining the relationship between effort and reward: Choice-execution model of effort-based decisions. Behav Brain Res 2020; 383:112474. [PMID: 31954099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscientific studies reliably demonstrate that rewards play a crucial role in guiding our choices when confronted with different effortful actions we could make. At the same time, psychological and economic research shows that effort we exert is not reliably predicted by the rewards we end up receiving. Why the mismatch between the two lines of evidence? Inspired by neuroscientific literature, we argue that value-based models of decision-making expose the complexity of the relationship between effort and reward, which changes between two crucial stages of the effort-based decision making process: Choice (i.e. action selection) and Execution (i.e. action execution involving actual effort exertion). To test this assumption, in the present study we set up two experiments (E1: N = 72, E2: N = 87), using a typical neuroscientific effort-based decision-making task. The findings of these experiments reveal that when making prospective choices, rewards do guide the level of effort people are prepared to exert, consistent with typical findings from Neuroscience. At a later stage, during execution of effortful actions, performance is determined by the actual amount of effort that needs to be exerted, consistent with psychological and behavioral economic research. We use the model we tested and the findings we generated to highlight critical new insights into effort-reward relationship, bringing different literatures together in the context of questions regarding what effort its, and the role that values play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Ludwiczak
- Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Magda Osman
- Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Marjan Jahanshahi
- Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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29
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Abstract
We report on the ongoing R21 project “Social Reward Learning in Schizophrenia”. Impairments in social cognition are a hallmark of schizophrenia. However, little work has been done on social reward learning deficits in schizophrenia. The overall goal of the project is to assess social reward learning in schizophrenia. A probabilistic reward learning (PRL) task is being used in the MRI scanner to evaluate reward learning to negative and positive social feedback. Monetary reward learning is used as a comparison to assess specificity. Behavioral outcomes and brain areas, included those involved in reward, are assessed in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and controls. It is also critical to determine whether decreased expected value (EV) of social stimuli and/or reward prediction error (RPE) learning underlie social reward learning deficits to inform potential treatment pathways. Our central hypothesis is that the pattern of social learning deficits is an extension of a more general reward learning impairment in schizophrenia and that social reward learning deficits critically contribute to deficits in social motivation and pleasure. We hypothesize that people with schizophrenia will show impaired behavioral social reward learning compared to controls, as well as decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) EV signaling at time of choice and decreased striatal RPE signaling at time of outcome, with potentially greater impairment to positive than negative feedback. The grant is in its second year. It is hoped that this innovative approach may lead to novel and more targeted treatment approaches for social cognitive impairments, using cognitive remediation and/or brain stimulation.
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30
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Suzuki S, O'Doherty JP. Breaking human social decision making into multiple components and then putting them together again. Cortex 2020; 127:221-230. [PMID: 32224320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Most of our waking time as human beings is spent interacting with other individuals. In order to make good decisions in this social milieu, it is often necessary to make inferences about the internal states, traits and intentions of others. Recently, some progress has been made toward uncovering the neural computations underlying human social decision-making by combining functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging (fMRI) with computational modeling of behavior. Modeling of behavioral data allows us to identify the key computations necessary for social decision-making and to determine how these computations are integrated. Furthermore, by correlating these variables against neuroimaging data, it has become possible to elucidate where in the brain various computations are implemented. Here we review the current state of knowledge in the domain of social computational neuroscience. Findings to date have emphasized that social decisions are driven by multiple computations conducted in parallel, and implemented in distinct brain regions. We suggest that further progress is going to depend on identifying how and where such variables get integrated in order to yield a coherent behavioral output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Suzuki
- Brain, Mind and Markets Laboratory, Department of Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - John P O'Doherty
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA; Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
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31
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Knoll LJ, Gaule A, Lazari A, Jacobs EAK, Blakemore SJ. Neural correlates of social influence on risk perception during development. Soc Neurosci 2020; 15:355-367. [PMID: 32091958 PMCID: PMC7446033 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2020.1726450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that adolescents are more likely than adults to take risks in the presence of peers than when alone, and that young adolescents' risk perception is more influenced by other teenagers than by adults. The current fMRI study investigated the effect of social influence on risk perception in female adolescents (aged 12-14) and adults (aged 23-29). Participants rated the riskiness of everyday situations and were then informed about the (alleged) risk ratings of a social influence group (teenagers or adults), before rating each situation again. The results showed that adolescents adjusted their ratings to conform with others more than adults did, and both age groups were influenced more by adults than by teenagers. When there was a conflict between the participants' own risk ratings and the ratings of the social influence group, activation was increased in the posterior medial frontal cortex, dorsal cingulate cortex and inferior frontal gyrus in both age groups. In addition, there was greater activation during no-conflict situations in the right middle frontal gyrus and bilateral parietal cortex in adults compared with adolescents. These results suggest that there are behavioral and neural differences between adolescents and adults in conflict and no-conflict social situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Knoll
- University College London , London, WC, UK
| | - A Gaule
- University College London , London, WC, UK
| | - A Lazari
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , UK
| | | | - S J Blakemore
- University College London , London, WC, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge , UK
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32
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Salomon T, Botvinik-Nezer R, Oren S, Schonberg T. Enhanced striatal and prefrontal activity is associated with individual differences in nonreinforced preference change for faces. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:1043-1060. [PMID: 31729115 PMCID: PMC7268020 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective preference modification paradigms is crucial to improve the quality of life in a wide range of behaviors. The cue‐approach training (CAT) paradigm has been introduced as an effective tool to modify preferences lasting months, without external reinforcements, using the mere association of images with a cue and a speeded button response. In the current work for the first time, we used fMRI with faces as stimuli in the CAT paradigm, focusing on face‐selective brain regions. We found a behavioral change effect of CAT with faces immediately and 1‐month after training, however face‐selective regions were not indicative of behavioral change and thus preference change is less likely to rely on face processing brain regions. Nevertheless, we found that during training, fMRI activations in the ventral striatum were correlated with individual preference change. We also found a correlation between preference change and activations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during the binary choice phase. Functional connectivity among striatum, prefrontal regions, and high‐level visual regions was also related to individual preference change. Our work sheds new light on the involvement of neural mechanisms in the process of valuation. This could lead to development of novel real‐world interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Salomon
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rotem Botvinik-Nezer
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shiran Oren
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tom Schonberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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33
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Kumar P, Pisoni A, Bondy E, Kremens R, Singleton P, Pizzagalli DA, Auerbach RP. Delineating the social valuation network in adolescents. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 14:1159-1166. [PMID: 31680163 PMCID: PMC7057279 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsz086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents strive for peer approval, and an increased sensitivity to peers' opinions is normative. However, among vulnerable adolescents, peer evaluation can be detrimental, contributing to affective disorders. It is, therefore, critical to improve our understanding of neural underpinnings of peer evaluation. Prior research has investigated averaged neural responses to peer acceptance or rejection, neglecting to probe trial-by-trial computations that mirror real-time updating of daily activities. In non-social decision-making, a common neural valuation system centered on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has emerged, which evaluates different reward types on a common scale to guide choices. However, it is unclear whether the mPFC also tracks complex social scenarios involving peer feedback. To address this gap, we acquired fMRI data from 55 healthy adolescents during the Chatroom Task, which probes peer evaluation, and implemented a computational approach to characterize trial-by-trial social value, thereby allowing us to interrogate the neural correlates of social value. Consistent with our hypothesis, social value signals were encoded in the mPFC. Interestingly, analyses also revealed a wider social-specific valuation network including the precuneus and amygdala. Understanding how adolescents make social decisions and neural markers associated with it, may, ultimately, help us clarify promising targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Kumar
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Pisoni
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Erin Bondy
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63105, USA
| | - Rebecca Kremens
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Paris Singleton
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA, and
- Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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34
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Li X, Chu MY, Lv QY, Hu HX, Li Z, Yi ZH, Wang JH, Zhang JY, Lui SSY, Cheung EFC, Shum DHK, Chan RCK. The remediation effects of working memory training in schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2019; 24:434-453. [PMID: 31583951 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2019.1674644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Negative symptoms, particularly amotivation and anhedonia, are important predictors of poor functional outcome in patients with schizophrenia. There has been interest in the efficacy and mechanism of non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate these symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the remediation effect of working memory (WM) training in patients with schizophrenia with prominent negative symptoms.Methods: Thirty-one schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms were recruited and assigned to either a WM training group or a treatment-as-usual (TAU) control group. The WM training group underwent 20 sessions of training using the dual n-back task over one month. A functional neuroimaging paradigm of the Affective Incentive Delay (AID) task was administered before and after the training intervention to evaluate the remediation effect of the intervention.Results: Our results showed that the WM training group demonstrated significant improvement in the WM training task and inattention symptoms. Compared with the TAU group, increased brain activations were observed at the right insula and the right frontal sub-gyral after WM training in the training group.Conclusions: These findings support the efficacy of WM training in ameliorating hedonic dysfunction in schizophrenia patients with prominent negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior(CCNU), Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Yi Chu
- Translational Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Yu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xin Hu
- Translational Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hong Wang
- MRI Center, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- MRI Center, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, People's Republic of China
| | - David H K Shum
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Translational Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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35
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Stewart E, Abel TJ, Davidson B, Smith ML. Behaviour outcomes in children with epilepsy 1 year after surgical resection of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2019; 133:107155. [PMID: 31398427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Early damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VM) has been associated with impaired behavioural functioning in children without epilepsy, yet behaviour in children with epilepsy and VM lesions has not been investigated. The primary aim of this study was to examine behavioural outcomes in children with epilepsy emanating from the VM preoperatively and one year after epilepsy surgery compared to the general population and matched epilepsy controls. Behavioural outcomes were defined as comprising both problems and competencies (i.e. social, school and co-curricular performance). A secondary aim was to examine whether seizure outcome, number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), or age at surgery related to behavioural outcomes. Ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist were examined preoperatively and 1 year after surgery for 20 children with epilepsy who had undergone surgical resection of the VM (N = 10) or temporal lobe (TL, N = 10). VM and TL groups were comparable on Full Scale IQ (40-101), age of seizure onset (0.5-9.0 years), age at surgery (3.1-16.9 years), seizure laterality (5 left in each group), age at assessments, sex (3 female in VM group, 2 female in TL group) and seizure outcome (7 seizure free in VM group, 6 seizure free in TL group). The VM group had significantly elevated behaviour problems (i.e. withdrawn, thought, social and attention problems) and reduced competencies (i.e. social and school) compared to the general population before and after surgery. VM and TL cases did not differ on any behaviour problem scales pre or postoperatively and neither group showed significant change in functioning over time; however, VM patients had significantly lower total competence than TL patients postoperatively. A significant seizure outcome × time interaction was observed: children who were seizure free following surgery (collapsed across surgical site) showed an improvement in total behaviour problems and aggression at 1 year follow-up, whereas children with ongoing seizures showed a deterioration in these domains. In conclusion, VM lesions in children with epilepsy are associated with behavioural problems but their profile does not differ from that of children with temporal lobe epilepsy. These results are consistent with the concept that seizures arise from epileptogenic networks that may affect multiple cortical areas, even when onset is in a focal site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Stewart
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Taylor J Abel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15238, USA
| | - Benjamin Davidson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga ON, L5L 1C6, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
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36
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Bellucci G, Münte TF, Park SQ. Resting-state dynamics as a neuromarker of dopamine administration in healthy female adults. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:955-964. [PMID: 31246145 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119855983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different neuromarkers of people's emotions, personality traits and behavioural performance have recently been identified. However, not much attention has been devoted to neuromarkers of neural responsiveness to drug administration. AIMS We investigated the predictive neuromarkers of acute dopamine (DA) administration. METHODS In a double-blind, within-subject study, we administrated a DA agonist (pramipexole) or placebo to 27 healthy female subjects. Using multivariate classification and prediction analyses, we examined whether dopaminergic modulations of task-free resting-state brain dynamics predict individual differences in pramipexole's modulation of facial attractiveness evaluations. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that pramipexole's effects on brain dynamics could be successfully discriminated from resting-state functional connectivity (accuracy: 78.9%; p < 0.0001). On the behavioural level, pramipexole increased facial attractiveness evaluations (t(39) = 4.44; p < 0.0001). In particular, pramipexole administration enhanced connectivity strength of the cinguloopercular network (t(23) = 3.29; p = 0.003) and increased brain signal variability in subcortical and prefrontal brain areas (t(13) = 3.05, p = 0.009). Importantly, multivariate predictive models reveal that pramipexole-dependent modulation of resting-state dynamics predicted the increase of facial attractiveness evaluations after pramipexole (connectivity strength: standardized mean squared error, smse = 0.65; p = 0.0007; brain signal variability: smse = 0.94, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that modulations of resting-state brain dynamics induced by a DA agonist predict drug-related effects on evaluation processes, providing a neuromarker of the neural responsiveness of specific brain networks to DA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bellucci
- 1 Department of Psychology I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,2 Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- 3 Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.,4 Department of Psychology II, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Soyoung Q Park
- 1 Department of Psychology I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,2 Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,5 Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany
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37
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Piva M, Velnoskey K, Jia R, Nair A, Levy I, Chang SW. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex computes task-invariant relative subjective value for self and other. eLife 2019; 8:44939. [PMID: 31192786 PMCID: PMC6565363 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have addressed the neural computations underlying decisions made for others despite the importance of this ubiquitous behavior. Using participant-specific behavioral modeling with univariate and multivariate fMRI approaches, we investigated the neural correlates of decision-making for self and other in two independent tasks, including intertemporal and risky choice. Modeling subjective valuation indicated that participants distinguished between themselves and others with dissimilar preferences. Activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was consistently modulated by relative subjective value. Multi-voxel pattern analysis indicated that activity in the dmPFC uniquely encoded relative subjective value and generalized across self and other and across both tasks. Furthermore, agent cross-decoding accuracy between self and other in the dmPFC was related to self-reported social attitudes. These findings indicate that the dmPFC emerges as a medial prefrontal node that utilizes a task-invariant mechanism for computing relative subjective value for self and other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Piva
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Kayla Velnoskey
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Ruonan Jia
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Amrita Nair
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Ifat Levy
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
| | - Steve Wc Chang
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States.,Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States
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38
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Social brain, social dysfunction and social withdrawal. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 97:10-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Apps MAJ, McKay R, Azevedo RT, Whitehouse H, Tsakiris M. Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01030. [PMID: 29931824 PMCID: PMC6085923 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People are highly attuned to fairness, with people willingly suffering personal costs to prevent others benefitting from unfair acts. Are fairness judgments influenced by group alignments? A new theory posits that we favor ingroups and denigrate members of rival outgroups when our personal identity is fused to a group. Although the mPFC has been separately implicated in group membership and fairness processing, it is unclear whether group alignments affect medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity in response to fairness. Here, we examine the contribution of different regions of the mPFC to processing from ingroup and outgroup members and test whether its response differs depending on how fused we are to an ingroup. METHODS Subjects performed rounds of the Ultimatum Game, being offered fair or unfair divisions of money from supporters of the same soccer team (ingroup), the fiercest rival (outgroup) or neutral individuals whilst undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). RESULTS Strikingly, people willingly suffered personal costs to prevent outgroup members benefitting from both unfair and fair offers. Activity across dorsal and ventral (VMPFC) portions of the mPFC reflected an interaction between fairness and group membership. VMPFC activity in particular was consistent with it coding one's fusion to a group, with the fairness by group membership interaction correlating with the extent that the responder's identity was fused to the ingroup. CONCLUSIONS The influence of fusion on social behavior therefore seems to be linked to processing in the VMPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A J Apps
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan McKay
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruben T Azevedo
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,The Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
| | - Harvey Whitehouse
- Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manos Tsakiris
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.,The Warburg Institute, School of Advanced Study, University of London, London, UK
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40
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Risk factors associated with cognitions for late-onset depression based on anterior and posterior default mode sub-networks. J Affect Disord 2018; 235:544-550. [PMID: 29689507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal functional connectivity (FC) in the default mode network (DMN) plays an important role in late-onset depression (LOD) patients. In this study, the risk predictors of LOD based on anterior and posterior DMN are explored. METHODS A total of 27 LOD patients and 40 healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive assessments. Firstly, FCs within DMN sub-networks were determined by placing seeds in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Secondly, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for LOD patients. Finally, correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between risk factors and the cognitive value. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression showed that the FCs between the vmPFC and right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) (vmPFC-MTG_R), FCs between the vmPFC and left precuneus (PCu), and FCs between the PCC and left PCu (PCC-PCu_L) were the risk factors for LOD. Furthermore, FCs of the vmPFC-MTG_R and PCC-PCu_L correlated with processing speed (R = 0.35, P = 0.002; R = 0.32, P = 0.009), and FCs of the vmPFC-MTG_R correlated with semantic memory (R = 0.41, P = 0.001). LIMITATIONS The study was a cross-sectional study. The results may be potentially biased because of a small sample. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirmed that LOD patients mainly present cognitive deficits in processing speed and semantic memory. Moreover, our findings further suggested that FCs within DMN sub-networks associated with cognitions were risk factors, which may be used for the prediction of LOD.
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41
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Individual differences in social desirability are associated with white-matter microstructure of the external capsule. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:1255-1264. [PMID: 29110184 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans tend to present themselves in a positive light to gain social approval. This behavioral trait, termed social desirability, is important for various types of social success. Surprisingly, investigation into the neural underpinnings of social desirability has been limited and focused only on interindividual differences in dopamine receptor binding. These studies revealed reduced dopamine receptor binding in the striatum of individuals who are high in trait social desirability. Interestingly, high dopamine signaling has been associated with low white-matter integrity, irrespective of social desirability. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that a positive association exists between trait social desirability and the white-matter microstructure of the external capsule, which carries fibers to the striatum from the prefrontal cortex. To test this hypothesis, we collected diffusion tensor imaging data and examined the relationship between fractional anisotropy of the external capsule and participants' social desirability-our analysis revealed a positive association. As a second exploratory step, we examined the association between social desirability and white-matter microstructure throughout the whole brain. Our whole-brain analysis revealed associations within multiple major white-matter tracts, demonstrating that socially desirable behavior relies on connectivity between distributed brain regions.
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42
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Yankouskaya A, Humphreys G, Stolte M, Stokes M, Moradi Z, Sui J. An anterior-posterior axis within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex separates self and reward. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 12:1859-1868. [PMID: 29040796 PMCID: PMC5716107 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although theoretical discourse and experimental studies on the self- and reward-biases have a long tradition, currently we have only a limited understanding of how the biases are represented in the brain and, more importantly, how they relate to each other. We used multi-voxel pattern analysis to test for common representations of self and reward in perceptual matching in healthy human subjects. Voxels across an anterior–posterior axis in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) distinguished (i) self–others and (ii) high–low reward, but cross-generalization between these dimensions decreased from anterior to posterior vmPFC. The vmPFC is characterized by a shift from a common currency for value to independent, distributed representations of self and reward across an anterior–posterior axis. This shift reflected changes in functional connectivity between the posterior part of the vmPFC and the frontal pole when processing self-associated stimuli, and the middle frontal gyrus when processing stimuli associated with high reward. The changes in functional connectivity were correlated with behavioral biases, respectively, to the self and reward. The distinct representations of self and reward in the posterior vmPFC are associated with self- and reward-biases in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Yankouskaya
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK
| | - Glyn Humphreys
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Moritz Stolte
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London SW15 5PU, UK
| | - Mark Stokes
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Zargol Moradi
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Jie Sui
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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43
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Koski JE, Collins JA, Olson IR. The neural representation of social status in the extended face-processing network. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2795-2806. [PMID: 29119693 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Social status is a salient cue that shapes our perceptions of other people and ultimately guides our social interactions. Despite the pervasive influence of status on social behavior, how information about the status of others is represented in the brain remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that social status information is embedded in our neural representations of other individuals. Participants learned to associate faces with names, job titles that varied in associated status, and explicit markers of reputational status (star ratings). Trained stimuli were presented in an functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment where participants performed a target detection task orthogonal to the variable of interest. A network of face-selective brain regions extending from the occipital lobe to the orbitofrontal cortex was localized and served as regions of interest. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we found that face-selective voxels in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex - a region involved in social and nonsocial valuation, could decode faces based on their status. Similar effects were observed with two different status manipulations - one based on stored semantic knowledge (e.g., different careers) and one based on learned reputation (e.g., star ranking). These data suggest that a face-selective region of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex may contribute to the perception of social status, potentially underlying the preferential attention and favorable biases humans display toward high-status individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Koski
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid R Olson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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44
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Fareri DS, Gabard-Durnam L, Goff B, Flannery J, Gee DG, Lumian DS, Caldera C, Tottenham N. Altered ventral striatal-medial prefrontal cortex resting-state connectivity mediates adolescent social problems after early institutional care. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 29:1865-1876. [PMID: 29162189 PMCID: PMC5957481 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417001456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early caregiving adversity is associated with increased risk for social difficulties. The ventral striatum and associated corticostriatal circuitry, which have demonstrated vulnerability to early exposures to adversity, are implicated in many aspects of social behavior, including social play, aggression, and valuation of social stimuli across development. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess the degree to which early caregiving adversity was associated with altered coritocostriatal resting connectivity in previously institutionalized youth (n = 41) relative to youth who were raised with their biological families from birth (n = 47), and the degree to which this connectivity was associated with parent-reported social problems. Using a seed-based approach, we observed increased positive coupling between the ventral striatum and anterior regions of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in previously institutionalized youth. Stronger ventral striatum-mPFC coupling was associated with parent reports of social problems. A moderated-mediation analysis showed that ventral striatal-mPFC connectivity mediated group differences in social problems, and more so with increasing age. These findings show that early institutional care is associated with differences in resting-state connectivity between the ventral striatum and the mPFC, and this connectivity seems to play an increasingly important role in social behaviors as youth enter adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic S. Fareri
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY 11530
| | | | - Bonnie Goff
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jessica Flannery
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Dylan G. Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Daniel S. Lumian
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208
| | - Christina Caldera
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Nim Tottenham
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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45
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Melloni M, Billeke P, Baez S, Hesse E, de la Fuente L, Forno G, Birba A, García-Cordero I, Serrano C, Plastino A, Slachevsky A, Huepe D, Sigman M, Manes F, García AM, Sedeño L, Ibáñez A. Your perspective and my benefit: multiple lesion models of self-other integration strategies during social bargaining. Brain 2017; 139:3022-3040. [PMID: 27679483 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recursive social decision-making requires the use of flexible, context-sensitive long-term strategies for negotiation. To succeed in social bargaining, participants' own perspectives must be dynamically integrated with those of interactors to maximize self-benefits and adapt to the other's preferences, respectively. This is a prerequisite to develop a successful long-term self-other integration strategy. While such form of strategic interaction is critical to social decision-making, little is known about its neurocognitive correlates. To bridge this gap, we analysed social bargaining behaviour in relation to its structural neural correlates, ongoing brain dynamics (oscillations and related source space), and functional connectivity signatures in healthy subjects and patients offering contrastive lesion models of neurodegeneration and focal stroke: behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and frontal lesions. All groups showed preserved basic bargaining indexes. However, impaired self-other integration strategy was found in patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and frontal lesions, suggesting that social bargaining critically depends on the integrity of prefrontal regions. Also, associations between behavioural performance and data from voxel-based morphometry and voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping revealed a critical role of prefrontal regions in value integration and strategic decisions for self-other integration strategy. Furthermore, as shown by measures of brain dynamics and related sources during the task, the self-other integration strategy was predicted by brain anticipatory activity (alpha/beta oscillations with sources in frontotemporal regions) associated with expectations about others' decisions. This pattern was reduced in all clinical groups, with greater impairments in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and frontal lesions than Alzheimer's disease. Finally, connectivity analysis from functional magnetic resonance imaging evidenced a fronto-temporo-parietal network involved in successful self-other integration strategy, with selective compromise of long-distance connections in frontal disorders. In sum, this work provides unprecedented evidence of convergent behavioural and neurocognitive signatures of strategic social bargaining in different lesion models. Our findings offer new insights into the critical roles of prefrontal hubs and associated temporo-parietal networks for strategic social negotiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Melloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Baez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Hesse
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura de la Fuente
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Forno
- Gerosciences Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustina Birba
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Indira García-Cordero
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Angelo Plastino
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National University of La Plata, Physics Institute, (IFLP-CCT-CONICET) La Plata, 1900, Argentina.,Physics Department, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Gerosciences Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Physiopathology Department, ICBM y East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Advanced Research in Education, Santiago, Chile.,Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Huepe
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Integrative Neuroscience Laboratory, IFIBA, CONICET and Physics Department, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Elementary and Special Education (FEEyE), National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR), Sydney, Australia
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46
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Baldo BA. Prefrontal Cortical Opioids and Dysregulated Motivation: A Network Hypothesis. Trends Neurosci 2017; 39:366-377. [PMID: 27233653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of inhibitory control over appetitively motivated behavior occurs in multiple psychiatric disorders, including drug abuse, behavioral addictions, and eating disorders with binge features. In this opinion article, novel actions of μ-opioid peptides in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that could contribute to inhibitory control deficits will be discussed. Evidence has accrued to suggest that excessive intra-PFC μ-opioid receptor (μ-OR) signaling alters the PFC response to excitatory drive, resulting in supernormal and incoherent recruitment of multiple PFC output pathways. Affected pathways include functionally opposed PFC→hypothalamus 'appetitive driver' and PFC→striatum 'appetitive limiter' projections. This network perturbation engenders disorganized, impulsive appetitive responses. Evidence supporting this hypothesis from human imaging and animal studies will be discussed, and combinatorial drug treatments targeting μ-ORs and specific PFC subcortical targets will be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Baldo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 6001 Research Park Blvd, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
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47
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Large-Scale Network Coupling with the Fusiform Cortex Facilitates Future Social Motivation. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-NWR-0084-17. [PMID: 29034316 PMCID: PMC5635486 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0084-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale functional networks, as identified through the coordinated activity of spatially distributed brain regions, have become central objects of study in neuroscience because of their contributions to many processing domains. Yet, it remains unclear how these domain-general networks interact with focal brain regions to coordinate thought and action. Here, we investigated how the default-mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN), two networks associated with goal-directed behavior, shape task performance through their coupling with other cortical regions several seconds in advance of behavior. We measured these networks' connectivity during an adaptation of the monetary incentive delay (MID) response-time task in which human participants viewed social and nonsocial images (i.e., pictures of faces and landscapes, respectively) while brain activity was measured using fMRI. We found that participants displayed slower reaction times (RTs) subsequent to social trials relative to nonsocial trials. To examine the neural mechanisms driving this subsequent-RT effect, we integrated independent components analysis (ICA) and a network-based psychophysiological interaction (nPPI) analysis; this allowed us to investigate task-related changes in network coupling that preceded the observed trial-to-trial variation in RT. Strikingly, when subjects viewed social rewards, an area of the fusiform gyrus (FG) consistent with the functionally-defined fusiform face area (FFA) exhibited increased coupling with the ECN (relative to the DMN), and the relative magnitude of coupling tracked the slowing of RT on the following trial. These results demonstrate how large-scale, domain-general networks can interact with focal, domain-specific cortical regions to orchestrate subsequent behavior.
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48
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Ran Q, Yang J, Yang W, Wei D, Qiu J, Zhang D. The association between resting functional connectivity and dispositional optimism. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180334. [PMID: 28700613 PMCID: PMC5507493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispositional optimism is an individual characteristic that plays an important role in human experience. Optimists are people who tend to hold positive expectations for their future. Previous studies have focused on the neural basis of optimism, such as task response neural activity and brain structure volume. However, the functional connectivity between brain regions of the dispositional optimists are poorly understood. Previous study suggested that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are associated with individual differences in dispositional optimism, but it is unclear whether there are other brain regions that combine with the vmPFC to contribute to dispositional optimism. Thus, the present study used the resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) approach and set the vmPFC as the seed region to examine if differences in functional brain connectivity between the vmPFC and other brain regions would be associated with individual differences in dispositional optimism. The results found that dispositional optimism was significantly positively correlated with the strength of the RSFC between vmPFC and middle temporal gyrus (mTG) and negativly correlated with RSFC between vmPFC and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). These findings may be suggested that mTG and IFG which associated with emotion processes and emotion regulation also play an important role in the dispositional optimism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ran
- Department of Radiology, Xin Qiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Sha Pingba, Chongqing, China
| | - Junyi Yang
- Key laboratory of cognition and personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- School of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Key laboratory of cognition and personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- School of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongtao Wei
- Key laboratory of cognition and personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- School of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key laboratory of cognition and personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
- School of psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xin Qiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Sha Pingba, Chongqing, China
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49
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Hill CA, Suzuki S, Polania R, Moisa M, O'Doherty JP, Ruff CC. A causal account of the brain network computations underlying strategic social behavior. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1142-1149. [PMID: 28692061 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During competitive interactions, humans have to estimate the impact of their own actions on their opponent's strategy. Here we provide evidence that neural computations in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) and interconnected structures are causally involved in this process. By combining inhibitory continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation with model-based functional MRI, we show that disrupting neural excitability in the rTPJ reduces behavioral and neural indices of mentalizing-related computations, as well as functional connectivity of the rTPJ with ventral and dorsal parts of the medial prefrontal cortex. These results provide a causal demonstration that neural computations instantiated in the rTPJ are neurobiological prerequisites for the ability to integrate opponent beliefs into strategic choice, through system-level interaction within the valuation and mentalizing networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Hill
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS-Lab), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shinsuke Suzuki
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Rafael Polania
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS-Lab), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marius Moisa
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS-Lab), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John P O'Doherty
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.,Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Christian C Ruff
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research (SNS-Lab), Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ishizu T, Zeki S. The experience of beauty derived from sorrow. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4185-4200. [PMID: 28544456 PMCID: PMC5518297 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the neural mechanisms that are engaged during the experience of beauty derived from sorrow and from joy, two experiences that share a common denominator (beauty) but are linked to opposite emotional valences. Twenty subjects viewed and rerated, in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner, 120 images which each had classified into the following four categories: beautiful and sad; beautiful and joyful; neutral; ugly. The medial orbito‐frontal cortex (mOFC) was active during the experience of both types of beauty. Otherwise, the two experiences engaged different parts of the brain: joyful beauty engaged areas linked to positive emotions while sorrowful beauty engaged areas linked to negative experiences. Separate regions of the cerebellum were engaged during experience of the two conditions. A functional connectivity analysis indicated that the activity within the mOFC was modulated by the supplementary motor area/middle cingulate cortex, known to be engaged during empathetic experiences provoked by other peoples' sadness. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4185–4200, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ishizu
- Wellcome Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Semir Zeki
- Wellcome Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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