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Fayedeh F, Khorashadizadeh S, Yousefi M, Abbasifar S, Erfanian N, Rafiee M, Ghasemi F. CTLA-4 expression and polymorphisms in Schizophrenia; a systematic review of literature. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:431. [PMID: 38520576 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia constitutes a severe psychiatric disorder with detrimental impacts on individuals, their support systems, and the broader economy. Extensive research has revealed a notable association between variations in the Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) gene and an increased susceptibility to schizophrenia.This study represents the first systematic review of the literature investigating the impact of CTLA-4 polymorphisms and expression on the development and progression of schizophrenia.Our investigation involved a comprehensive search strategy, using a combination of title, abstract, and MESH terms in four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, until August 29th, 2023. The complete texts of the identified records were obtained and rigorously assessed based on predefined exclusion and inclusion criteria. Out of the numerous records, a total of 88 were identified through the databases. 10 studies met the criteria; therefore, their quality was assessed and included in this systematic study. The records were then categorized into polymorphism and expression groups. Our investigation emphasizes an association between rs3087243, rs231779, rs231777, rs16840252, rs5742909, and rs231775 polymorphisms and the development of schizophrenia. The results demonstrate a correlation between CTLA-4 polymorphisms and schizophrenia, compelling the need for further research to thoroughly examine the role of CTLA-4 in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Fayedeh
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Yousefi
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sara Abbasifar
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Erfanian
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mitra Rafiee
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Immunology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Reyes-Lizaola S, Luna-Zarate U, Tendilla-Beltrán H, Morales-Medina JC, Flores G. Structural and biochemical alterations in dendritic spines as key mechanisms for severe mental illnesses. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110876. [PMID: 37863171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI) collectively affect approximately 20% of the global population, as estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite having diverse etiologies, clinical symptoms, and pharmacotherapies, these diseases share a common pathophysiological characteristic: the misconnection of brain areas involved in reality perception, executive control, and cognition, including the corticolimbic system. Dendritic spines play a crucial role in excitatory neurotransmission within the central nervous system. These small structures exhibit remarkable plasticity, regulated by factors such as neurotransmitter tone, neurotrophic factors, and innate immunity-related molecules, and other mechanisms - all of which are associated with the pathophysiology of SMI. However, studying dendritic spine mechanisms in both healthy and pathological conditions in patients is fraught with technical limitations. This is where animal models related to these diseases become indispensable. They have played a pivotal role in elucidating the significance of dendritic spines in SMI. In this review, the information regarding the potential role of dendritic spines in SMI was summarized, drawing from clinical and animal model reports. Also, the implications of targeting dendritic spine-related molecules for SMI treatment were explored. Specifically, our focus is on major depressive disorder and the neurodevelopmental disorders schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Abundant clinical and basic research has studied the functional and structural plasticity of dendritic spines in these diseases, along with potential pharmacological targets that modulate the dynamics of these structures. These targets may be associated with the clinical efficacy of the pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Reyes-Lizaola
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad Popular del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ulises Luna-Zarate
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Licenciatura en Medicina, Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Hiram Tendilla-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico.
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Zhou X, Edirippulige S, Jones A, Bai X, Smith AC, Bambling M. The feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of an app-based intervention (the Coping Camp) in reducing stress among Chinese school adolescents: A cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294119. [PMID: 38011111 PMCID: PMC10681230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the efficacies of the Coping Camp app in reducing stress, depression, and anxiety and improving stress-coping behaviours and mental health wellbeing. Additionally, feasibility and acceptability of Coping Camp were evaluated. METHODS In this unblinded cluster RCT, 540 participants from two high schools in China were randomly assigned to the Coping Camp intervention (n = 6 classes; 275 students) or treatment as usual (n = 5 classes; 265 students) at the class level. Coping Camp was an automated self-help app, consisting of 11 sessions delivered over 11 weeks, with primary outcomes including perceived stress, depression, anxiety, stress-coping behaviours, and mental health well-being. All outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention (11 weeks), and follow-up (19 weeks), with efficacy analysed using linear mixed models and feasibility/acceptability measured by a 5-point Likert scale and qualitative feedback. RESULTS At post-intervention and follow-up assessments, 75.4% and 81.7% of participants respectively attended. On average, participants logged in for 8.56 out of 11 sessions. Compared to the control group, the intervention group had significant reductions in levels of perceived stress (p = 0.01, d = 0.15 at T1; p < 0.001, d = 0.18 at T2), anxiety (p = 0.11; d = 0.08 at T1; p = 0.01; d = 0.13 at T2) and depression (p = 0.04, d = 0.11 at T1; p = 0.05, d = 0.10 at T2) but did not have a greater increase in stress-coping behaviours (p = 0.10 at T1; p = 0.97 at T2) or mental health wellbeing (p = 0.93 at T1; p = 0.08 at T2). The average ratings for each session were above 4, and qualitative feedback showed that most participants found the intervention to be "great," "good," and "useful." CONCLUSIONS The Coping Camp is feasible, acceptable and effective in stress management among Chinese school adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhou
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sisira Edirippulige
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Jones
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anthony C. Smith
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matthew Bambling
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, Australian College of Applied Professions, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zhou X, Bambling M, Bai X, Smith AC, Edirippulige S. Exploring factors affecting Chinese adolescents' perceived usefulness and engagement with a stress management app: a qualitative study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1249093. [PMID: 38054166 PMCID: PMC10694271 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Providing adolescents with stress management interventions via mobile apps has potential for overcoming barriers to traditional in-person services, such as stigma, cost and travel. However, the effectiveness remains uncertain and engagement level remains low. Therefore, it is essential to understand adolescents' user experience of such apps, however, such research is scarce. This study aimed to address this research gap by exploring factors affecting Chinese adolescents' perceived usefulness and engagement of a stress management app, which was developed for them. Methods A qualitative study design involving focus group interviews and inductive thematic analysis was adopted. A purposive sampling method was employed, resulting in five focus groups (n = 39 adolescents). Results Two themes emerged: (1) mechanism and determinants of usefulness and (2) facilitators and barriers to engagement. The app was found to be helpful in managing chronic and simple stressors by promoting positive behavior, cognition, and physical changes. Relevance to real-life situations, peer support, and planning and monitoring features were found to increase usefulness. Participants suggested adding one-on-one chat support for managing acute stressors. Multimedia, logical content arrangement, combining psychoeducation and skills training, gamification, customization, and an appealing user interface were engaging factors for adolescents, whilst text-heavy content, pedagogical and monotonous tones, technical issues were found to disengage adolescents. Conclusion Stress management apps should involve simple and evidence-based coping skills training, target adolescents' real-life problems, promote positive peer influence, address both chronic and acute stressors. Additionally, such apps should have logical arrangement of content, be interactive and customizable, and involve multimedia and gamification features to engage adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhou
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew Bambling
- Navitas ACAP School of Psychology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Xuejun Bai
- Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anthony C. Smith
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Innovative Medical Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sisira Edirippulige
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Santos-Silva T, Hazar Ülgen D, Lopes CFB, Guimarães FS, Alberici LC, Sandi C, Gomes FV. Transcriptomic analysis reveals mitochondrial pathways associated with distinct adolescent behavioral phenotypes and stress response. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:351. [PMID: 37978166 PMCID: PMC10656500 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent individuals exhibit great variability in cortical dynamics and behavioral outcomes. The developing adolescent brain is highly sensitive to social experiences and environmental insults, influencing how personality traits emerge. A distinct pattern of mitochondrial gene expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during adolescence underscores the essential role of mitochondria in brain maturation and the development of mental illnesses. Mitochondrial features in certain brain regions account for behavioral differences in adulthood. However, it remains unclear whether distinct adolescent behavioral phenotypes and the behavioral consequences of early adolescent stress exposure in rats are accompanied by changes in PFC mitochondria-related genes and mitochondria respiratory chain capacity. We performed a behavioral characterization during late adolescence (postnatal day, PND 47-50), including naïve animals and a group exposed to stress from PND 31-40 (10 days of footshock and 3 restraint sessions) by z-normalized data from three behavioral domains: anxiety (light-dark box tests), sociability (social interaction test) and cognition (novel-object recognition test). Employing principal component analysis, we identified three clusters: naïve with higher-behavioral z-score (HBZ), naïve with lower-behavioral z-score (LBZ), and stressed animals. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling unveiled differences in the expression of mitochondria-related genes in both naïve LBZ and stressed animals compared to naïve HBZ. Genes encoding subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes were significantly down-regulated in both naïve LBZ and stressed animals and positively correlated with behavioral z-score of phenotypes. Our network topology analysis of mitochondria-associated genes found Ndufa10 and Cox6a1 genes as central identifiers for naïve LBZ and stressed animals, respectively. Through high-resolution respirometry analysis, we found that both naïve LBZ and stressed animals exhibited a reduced prefrontal phosphorylation capacity and redox dysregulation. Our findings identify an association between mitochondrial features and distinct adolescent behavioral phenotypes while also underscoring the detrimental functional consequences of adolescent stress on the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamyris Santos-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Doğukan Hazar Ülgen
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caio Fábio Baeta Lopes
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Perica MI, Luna B. Impact of stress on excitatory and inhibitory markers of adolescent cognitive critical period plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105378. [PMID: 37643681 PMCID: PMC10591935 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time of significant neurocognitive development. Prolonged maturation of prefrontal cortex (PFC) through adolescence has been found to support improvements in executive function. Changes in excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms of critical period plasticity have been found to be present in the PFC through adolescence, suggesting that environment may have a greater effect on development during this time. Stress is one factor known to affect neurodevelopment increasing risk for psychopathology. However, less is known about how stress experienced during adolescence could affect adolescent-specific critical period plasticity mechanisms and cognitive outcomes. In this review, we synthesize findings from human and animal literatures looking at the experience of stress during adolescence on cognition and frontal excitatory and inhibitory neural activity. Studies indicate enhancing effects of acute stress on cognition and excitation within specific contexts, while chronic stress generally dampens excitatory and inhibitory processes and impairs cognition. We propose a model of how stress could affect frontal critical period plasticity, thus potentially altering neurodevelopmental trajectories that could lead to risk for psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Perica
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Nolan CJ, Roepke TA, Perreault ML. Beyond the Binary: Gender Inclusivity in Schizophrenia Research. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:543-549. [PMID: 37003472 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with significant differences in the incidence and symptomology between cisgender men and women. In recent years, considerably more attention has been on the inclusion of sex and gender in schizophrenia research. However, the majority of this research has failed to consider gender outside of the socially constructed binary of men and women. As a result, little is known about schizophrenia in transgender and gender-nonconforming populations. In this review, we present evidence showing that transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals have elevated risk of developing schizophrenia, and we discuss minority stress theory and other potential factors that may contribute to this risk. The need for inclusion of transgender and gender-nonconforming communities in schizophrenia research is emphasized, alongside a discussion on considerations and challenges associated with this type of research. Finally, we offer specific strategies to make research on schizophrenia, and research on other neuropsychiatric disorders, more inclusive of those populations that do not fall within the socially constructed gender binary. If we are to succeed in the development of more personalized therapeutic approaches for all, a better understanding of the variability of the human brain is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin J Nolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Yan L, Xuan FL, Chen S, Gou M, Chen W, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Xie T, Fan F, Zharkovsky A, Tan Y, Tian L. Replenished microglia partially rescue schizophrenia-related stress response. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1254923. [PMID: 37771931 PMCID: PMC10522857 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1254923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia play an important role in the maintenance of brain and behavioral homeostasis. The protective effect of microglial replenishment was reported in neurological diseases, but whether microglial therapy would benefit psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia has been unclear. As schizophrenia is a stress-vulnerable disorder and psychosocial stress promotes inflammation and microglial activation, we aim to understand how microglial replenishment works in stress-associated schizophrenia. Methods We used a CSF1R-mediated pharmacological approach to study repopulated microglia (repMg) in a cohort of mice (n = 10/group) undergoing chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). We further studied a cohort of first-episode schizophrenia (FES, n = 74) patients who had higher perceived stress scores (PSS) than healthy controls (HCs, n = 68). Results Reborn microglia attenuated CUS-induced learned hopelessness and social withdrawal but not anxiety in mice. Compared to control, CUS- or repMg-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the prefrontal cortex regulated nervous system development and axonal guidance. CUS also caused microglial hyper-ramification and increased engulfment of synaptophysin and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 by microglia and astrocytes, which were recovered in CUS + repMg (all p < 0.05). Moreover, FES patients had smaller hippocampal fimbria than HCs (p < 1e-7), which were negatively associated with PSS (r = -0.397, p = 0.003). Blood DEGs involved in immune system development were also associated with PSS and the right fimbria more prominently in FES patients than HCs (Zr, p < 0.0001). The KCNQ1 was a partial mediator between PSS and fimbria size (β = -0.442, 95% CI: -1.326 ~ -0.087). Conclusion Microglial replenishment may potentially benefit psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Fang-Ling Xuan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Song Chen
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhuang Gou
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xie
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Alexander Zharkovsky
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Yan L, Li Y, Fan F, Gou M, Xuan F, Feng W, Chithanathan K, Li W, Huang J, Li H, Chen W, Tian B, Wang Z, Tan S, Zharkovsky A, Hong LE, Tan Y, Tian L. CSF1R regulates schizophrenia-related stress response and vascular association of microglia/macrophages. BMC Med 2023; 21:286. [PMID: 37542262 PMCID: PMC10403881 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia are known to regulate stress and anxiety in both humans and animal models. Psychosocial stress is the most common risk factor for the development of schizophrenia. However, how microglia/brain macrophages contribute to schizophrenia is not well established. We hypothesized that effector molecules expressed in microglia/macrophages were involved in schizophrenia via regulating stress susceptibility. METHODS We recruited a cohort of first episode schizophrenia (FES) patients (n = 51) and age- and sex-paired healthy controls (HCs) (n = 46) with evaluated stress perception. We performed blood RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and brain magnetic resonance imaging, and measured plasma level of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R). Furthermore, we studied a mouse model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) combined with a CSF1R inhibitor (CSF1Ri) (n = 9 ~ 10/group) on anxiety behaviours and microglial biology. RESULTS FES patients showed higher scores of perceived stress scale (PSS, p < 0.05), lower blood CSF1R mRNA (FDR = 0.003) and protein (p < 0.05) levels, and smaller volumes of the superior frontal gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus (both FDR < 0.05) than HCs. In blood RNA-seq, CSF1R-associated differentially expressed blood genes were related to brain development. Importantly, CSF1R facilitated a negative association of the superior frontal gyrus with PSS (p < 0.01) in HCs but not FES patients. In mouse CUS+CSF1Ri model, similarly as CUS, CSF1Ri enhanced anxiety (both p < 0.001). Genes for brain angiogenesis and intensity of CD31+-blood vessels were dampened after CUS-CSF1Ri treatment. Furthermore, CSF1Ri preferentially diminished juxta-vascular microglia/macrophages and induced microglia/macrophages morphological changes (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Microglial/macrophagic CSF1R regulated schizophrenia-associated stress and brain angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yanli Li
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengmei Fan
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhuang Gou
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fangling Xuan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Wei Feng
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Keerthana Chithanathan
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Wei Li
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Huang
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongna Li
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenjin Chen
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baopeng Tian
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiren Wang
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Alexander Zharkovsky
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
- Psychiatry Research Centre, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, P. R. China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that has a significant socioeconomic impact worldwide. Antipsychotic drugs targeting dopamine transmission alleviate psychotic symptoms but with limited efficacy and tolerability. Animal models have long proven useful for drug discovery. The continued need for new treatment highlights the importance of animal models to study schizophrenia. The lack of new therapeutic compounds combined with the shortcomings of clinical design studies potentially decreased the enthusiasm for animal model use. RECENT FINDINGS In the current review, we discuss the central role of animal models for schizophrenia in providing new insights into neurobiological features and therapeutic development. The US National Institute of Mental Health released the Research Domain Criteria to guide preclinical model studies. Here, we point out the advances of this approach and debate its potential limitations when using animal models to study schizophrenia from the drug discovery perspective. SUMMARY Cross-validated animal models for schizophrenia are crucial to comprehend the cause, pathophysiology, and behavioral and biological features of the disease, to advance prevention and treatment, and the need to carefully evaluate and select appropriate paradigms when investigating novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L Uliana
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Cavichioli AM, Santos-Silva T, Grace AA, Guimarães FS, Gomes FV. Levetiracetam Attenuates Adolescent Stress-induced Behavioral and Electrophysiological Changes Associated With Schizophrenia in Adult Rats. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:68-77. [PMID: 35988039 PMCID: PMC9810001 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Stress during adolescence is a major risk factor for schizophrenia. We have found previously in rats that adolescent stress caused, in adulthood, behavioral changes and enhanced ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine system activity, which were associated with dysregulation of the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) balance in the ventral hippocampus (vHip). Levetiracetam, an anticonvulsant drug, regulates the release of neurotransmitters, including glutamate, via SV2A inhibition. It also modulates parvalbumin interneuron activity via Kv3.1 channels. Therefore, levetiracetam could ameliorate deficits in the E/I balance. We tested whether levetiracetam attenuate the adolescent stress-induced behavioral changes, vHip hyperactivity, and enhanced VTA dopamine system activity in adult rats. STUDY DESIGN Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a combination of daily footshock (postnatal day [PD] 31-40), and three 1 h-restraint stress sessions (at PD31, 32, and 40). In adulthood (PD62), animals were tested for anxiety responses (elevated plus-maze and light-dark box), social interaction, and cognitive function (novel object recognition test). The activity of vHip pyramidal neurons and VTA dopamine neurons was also recorded. STUDY RESULTS Adolescent stress produced anxiety-like responses and impaired sociability and cognitive function. Levetiracetam (10 mg/kg) reversed these changes. Levetiracetam also reversed the increased VTA dopamine neuron population activity and the enhanced firing rate of vHip pyramidal neurons induced by adolescent stress. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that levetiracetam attenuates the adverse outcomes associated with schizophrenia caused by stress during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza M Cavichioli
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamyris Santos-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Increased blood neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associated with early life stress: translational findings in recent-onset schizophrenia and rodent model. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:526. [PMID: 36572669 PMCID: PMC9792518 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and elevated neutrophil counts are consistently reported in the blood of patients with schizophrenia. Stressors during childhood and/or adolescence are major socioenvironmental risk factors for schizophrenia and may contribute to immune dysregulation. Previous studies using blood cytokines to stratify patients with schizophrenia suggest that only a subset presents a low-grade inflammatory state. However, these studies have not addressed whether environmental factors such as childhood maltreatment contributed to identifying inflammatory clusters. Moreover, a neutrophil-related mechanism (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps; NETs) central to both the initiation and chronicity of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has never been investigated in psychiatry. Elevated NETs in schizophrenia may predispose patients to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases resulting in reduced life expectancy. We, therefore, investigated NETs as a novel mechanism and biological target in early schizophrenia and their role together with IL-6 and childhood maltreatment in identifying cluster subgroups. We found increased NETs in the plasma of patients with early schizophrenia (n = 78) compared to both their unaffected siblings (n = 25) and community controls (n = 78), irrespective of sex, body mass index, psychoactive drug use, or tobacco smoking. Increased NETs in patients were unrelated to antipsychotic treatment, which was further tested in vitro using fresh neutrophils. By applying unsupervised two-step clustering analysis, we integrated values of NETs, IL-6, and childhood maltreatment scores. We identified two main clusters; childhood maltreatment scores and NETs were the most important variables contributing to cluster separation (high-CL1 and low-CL2), while IL-6 was the least contributor. Patients allocated in the high-CL1 (61.5%) had significantly higher childhood maltreatment scores, NETs, and IL-6 levels than the remaining groups (patients low-CL2, siblings, and controls high-CL1 and low-CL2). We complemented these findings with a rat model based on stress exposure during adolescence that results in several schizophrenia-like changes in adulthood. We found that adolescent stressed rats had higher NETs and IL-6 levels in serum compared to non-stressed rats with a tendency to produce more NETs from the bone marrow. Altogether, this study brings a novel cellular-based mechanism in schizophrenia that, combined with early-stress, could be useful to identify subgroups for more personalised treatments.
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Visini G, Brown S, Weston-Green K, Shannon Weickert C, Chesworth R, Karl T. The effects of preventative cannabidiol in a male neuregulin 1 mouse model of schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1010478. [PMID: 36406747 PMCID: PMC9669370 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1010478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid with antipsychotic-like properties, however it’s potential to prevent schizophrenia development has not been thoroughly investigated. Brain maturation during adolescence creates a window where CBD could potentially limit the development of schizophrenia. The neuregulin 1 transmembrane domain heterozygous (Nrg1 TM HET) mutant mouse shows face, predictive, and construct validity for schizophrenia. Here we sought to determine if CBD given in adolescence could prevent the development of the schizophrenia-relevant phenotype, as well as susceptibility to the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Nrg1 TM HET mice. Adolescent male Nrg1 mutants and wild type-like (WT) animals were administered 30 mg/kg CBD i.p. daily for seven weeks, and were tested for locomotion, social behavior, sensorimotor gating and cognition, and sensitivity to acute THC-induced behaviors. GAD67, GluA1, and NMDAR1 protein levels were measured in the hippocampus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex. Chronic adolescent CBD increased locomotion in animals regardless of genotype, was anxiolytic, and increased social behavior when animals were tested for their acute THC response. CBD did not alleviate the schizophrenia-relevant hyperlocomotive phenotype of Nrg1 mutants, nor deficits in social behaviors. Nrg1 mutant mice treated with CBD and THC showed no habituation to a startle pulse, suggesting CBD increased vulnerability to the startle habituation-reducing effects of THC in mutant mice. CBD increased levels of GluA1, but reduced levels of GAD67 in the hippocampus of Nrg1 mutants. These results suggest adolescent CBD is not effective as a preventative of schizophrenia-relevant behavioral deficits in mutants and may actually contribute to pathological changes in the brain that increase sensitivity to THC in particular behavioral domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Visini
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Samara Brown
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina Weston-Green
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Rose Chesworth
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Rose Chesworth,
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Tim Karl,
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14
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Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that a suboptimal intrauterine environment confers risk for schizophrenia. The developmental model of schizophrenia posits that aberrant brain growth during early brain development and adolescence may interact to contribute to this psychiatric disease in adulthood. Although a variety of factors may perturb the environment of the developing fetus and predispose for schizophrenia later, a common mechanism has yet to be elucidated. Micronutrient deficiencies during the perinatal period are known to induce potent effects on brain development by altering neurodevelopmental processes. Iron is an important candidate nutrient to consider because of its role in energy metabolism, monoamine synthesis, synaptogenesis, myelination, and the high prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) in the mother-infant dyad. Understanding the current state of science regarding perinatal ID as an early risk factor for schizophrenia is imperative to inform empirical work investigating the etiology of schizophrenia and develop prevention and intervention programs. In this narrative review, we focus on perinatal ID as a common mechanism underlying the fetal programming of schizophrenia. First, we review the neural aberrations associated with perinatal ID that indicate risk for schizophrenia in adulthood, including disruptions in dopaminergic neurotransmission, hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, and sensorimotor gating. Second, we review the pathophysiology of perinatal ID as a function of maternal ID during pregnancy and use epidemiological and cohort studies to link perinatal ID with risk of schizophrenia. Finally, we review potential confounding phenotypes, including nonanemic causes of perinatal brain ID and future risk of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Maxwell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
| | - Raghavendra B. Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
- Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (USA)
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15
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Benoit LJ, Canetta S, Kellendonk C. Thalamocortical Development: A Neurodevelopmental Framework for Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:491-500. [PMID: 35550792 PMCID: PMC9999366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability for the development of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes substantial maturation during this period, and PFC dysfunction is central to cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. As a result, impaired adolescent maturation of the PFC has been proposed as a mechanism in the etiology of the disorder and its cognitive symptoms. In adulthood, PFC function is tightly linked to its reciprocal connections with the thalamus, and acutely inhibiting thalamic inputs to the PFC produces impairments in PFC function and cognitive deficits. Here, we propose that thalamic activity is equally important during adolescence because it is required for proper PFC circuit development. Because thalamic abnormalities have been observed early in the progression of schizophrenia, we further postulate that adolescent thalamic dysfunction can have long-lasting consequences for PFC function and cognition in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Benoit
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Canetta
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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16
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Uliana DL, Gomes FV, Grace AA. Nucleus reuniens inactivation reverses stress-induced hypodopaminergic state and altered hippocampal-accumbens synaptic plasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1513-1522. [PMID: 35488085 PMCID: PMC9205859 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus reuniens of the thalamus (RE) is a pivotal area responsible for the connectivity of the prefrontal-hippocampus pathway that regulates cognitive, executive, and fear learning processes. Recently, it was proposed that the RE participates in the pathophysiological states related to affective dysregulation. We investigated the role of RE in motivational behavioral and electrophysiological dysregulation induced by stress. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a combination of stressors (restraint stress+footshock) for 10 days and tested one to two weeks later in the forced swim test (FST), ventral tegmental area (VTA)dopamine (DA) neuron electrophysiological activity, and hippocampal-nucleus accumbens plasticity. The RE was inactivated by injecting TTX prior to the procedures. The stress exposure increased the immobility in the FST and decreased VTA DA neuron population activity. Whereas an early long-term potentiation (e-LTP) in the ventral hippocampus-nucleus accumbens pathway was found after fimbria high-frequency stimulation in naïve animals, stressed animals showed an early long-term depression (e-LTD). Inactivation of the RE reversed the stress-induced changes in the FST and restored dopaminergic activity. RE inactivation partially recovered the stress-induced abnormal hippocampal-accumbens plasticity observed in controls. Our findings support the role of the RE in regulating affective dysregulation and blunted VTA DA system function induced by stress. Also, it points to the hippocampal-accumbens pathway as a potential neural circuit through which RE could modulate activity. Therefore, RE may represent a key brain region involved in the neurobiology of amotivational states and may provide insights into circuit dysfunction and markers of the maladaptive stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L. Uliana
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Felipe V. Gomes
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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17
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Relationship of Neuropeptide S with Clinical and Metabolic Parameters of Patients during Rehabilitation Therapy for Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:768. [PMID: 35741653 PMCID: PMC9221542 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060768&set/a 869781119+878628306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a factor associated with the central regulation of body weight, stress, anxiety, learning, memory consolidation, wakefulness-sleep cycle, and anti-inflammatory and neuroplastic effects. Its stress-reducing, anti-anxiety, arousal without anxiety, and pro-cognitive effects represent an interesting option for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of the study was to examine the potential associations of NPS levels in the blood with clinical and metabolic parameters during the rehabilitation therapy of patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-three male subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups. The rehabilitation group (REH, N16) consisted of patients who were subjected to structured, 3-month intensive rehabilitation therapy, and the control group (CON, N17) consisted of patients who were subjected to a standard support mechanism. Both groups continued their pharmacological treatment as usual. The NPS concentration, as well as clinical and metabolic parameters, were compared in both groups. Additionally, a group of healthy (H) males (N15) was tested for NPS reference scores. To look for the specificity and selectivity of the NPS relationship with clinical results, various factor models of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) were analyzed, including the original PANSS 2/3 model, its modified four-factor version, the male-specific four-factor model, and two five-factorial models validated in large groups in clinical and multi-ethnic studies. Results and conclusions: (1) Structured rehabilitation therapy, compared to unstructured supportive therapy, significantly reduced the level of schizophrenia disorders defined by various factor models derived from PANSS. (2) The clinical improvement within the 3-month rehabilitation therapy course was correlated with a significant decrease in neuropeptide S (NPS) serum level. (3) The excitement/Hostility (E/H) factor, which included schizophrenic symptoms of the psychotic disorganization, was specific and selective for the reduction in serum NPS, which was stable across all analyzed factor models. (4) The long-term relationship between serum NPS and clinical factors was not accompanied by basic metabolic parameters.
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18
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Relationship of Neuropeptide S with Clinical and Metabolic Parameters of Patients during Rehabilitation Therapy for Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060768
expr 958893762 + 814326274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a factor associated with the central regulation of body weight, stress, anxiety, learning, memory consolidation, wakefulness–sleep cycle, and anti-inflammatory and neuroplastic effects. Its stress-reducing, anti-anxiety, arousal without anxiety, and pro-cognitive effects represent an interesting option for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of the study was to examine the potential associations of NPS levels in the blood with clinical and metabolic parameters during the rehabilitation therapy of patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-three male subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups. The rehabilitation group (REH, N16) consisted of patients who were subjected to structured, 3-month intensive rehabilitation therapy, and the control group (CON, N17) consisted of patients who were subjected to a standard support mechanism. Both groups continued their pharmacological treatment as usual. The NPS concentration, as well as clinical and metabolic parameters, were compared in both groups. Additionally, a group of healthy (H) males (N15) was tested for NPS reference scores. To look for the specificity and selectivity of the NPS relationship with clinical results, various factor models of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) were analyzed, including the original PANSS 2/3 model, its modified four-factor version, the male-specific four-factor model, and two five-factorial models validated in large groups in clinical and multi-ethnic studies. Results and conclusions: (1) Structured rehabilitation therapy, compared to unstructured supportive therapy, significantly reduced the level of schizophrenia disorders defined by various factor models derived from PANSS. (2) The clinical improvement within the 3-month rehabilitation therapy course was correlated with a significant decrease in neuropeptide S (NPS) serum level. (3) The excitement/Hostility (E/H) factor, which included schizophrenic symptoms of the psychotic disorganization, was specific and selective for the reduction in serum NPS, which was stable across all analyzed factor models. (4) The long-term relationship between serum NPS and clinical factors was not accompanied by basic metabolic parameters.
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19
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Relationship of Neuropeptide S with Clinical and Metabolic Parameters of Patients during Rehabilitation Therapy for Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060768. [PMID: 35741653 PMCID: PMC9221542 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a factor associated with the central regulation of body weight, stress, anxiety, learning, memory consolidation, wakefulness–sleep cycle, and anti-inflammatory and neuroplastic effects. Its stress-reducing, anti-anxiety, arousal without anxiety, and pro-cognitive effects represent an interesting option for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of the study was to examine the potential associations of NPS levels in the blood with clinical and metabolic parameters during the rehabilitation therapy of patients with schizophrenia. Thirty-three male subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly divided into two groups. The rehabilitation group (REH, N16) consisted of patients who were subjected to structured, 3-month intensive rehabilitation therapy, and the control group (CON, N17) consisted of patients who were subjected to a standard support mechanism. Both groups continued their pharmacological treatment as usual. The NPS concentration, as well as clinical and metabolic parameters, were compared in both groups. Additionally, a group of healthy (H) males (N15) was tested for NPS reference scores. To look for the specificity and selectivity of the NPS relationship with clinical results, various factor models of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) were analyzed, including the original PANSS 2/3 model, its modified four-factor version, the male-specific four-factor model, and two five-factorial models validated in large groups in clinical and multi-ethnic studies. Results and conclusions: (1) Structured rehabilitation therapy, compared to unstructured supportive therapy, significantly reduced the level of schizophrenia disorders defined by various factor models derived from PANSS. (2) The clinical improvement within the 3-month rehabilitation therapy course was correlated with a significant decrease in neuropeptide S (NPS) serum level. (3) The excitement/Hostility (E/H) factor, which included schizophrenic symptoms of the psychotic disorganization, was specific and selective for the reduction in serum NPS, which was stable across all analyzed factor models. (4) The long-term relationship between serum NPS and clinical factors was not accompanied by basic metabolic parameters.
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20
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Dutton E, Madison G. "Blessed are the Nations with High Levels of Schizophrenia": National Level Schizophrenia Prevalence and Its Relationship with National Levels of Religiosity. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:6-22. [PMID: 34338953 PMCID: PMC8837564 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is correlated with religious delusions but, heretofore, the relationship between schizophrenia prevalence and religiosity has not been explored at the national level. Examining this relationship, we find that national level schizophrenia prevalence is correlated with national level religiosity and strongly negatively correlated with national level atheism across 125 countries. When controlling for cognitive performance and economic development in multiple regression analyses, the proportion of the variance explained was 2.9% (p < .005) for Religiousness and 5.1% for Atheism (p < .00005). Alternative causal interpretations of this association are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy Madison
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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21
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Massaro D, Nitzburg G, Dinzeo T. Schizotypy as a predictor for problematic technology use in emerging adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02700-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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What Can We Learn from Animal Models to Study Schizophrenia? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1400:15-33. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-97182-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Franscescon F, Souza TP, Müller TE, Michelotti P, Canzian J, Stefanello FV, Rosemberg DB. Taurine prevents MK-801-induced shoal dispersion and altered cortisol responses in zebrafish. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110399. [PMID: 34246730 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by a shortened lifespan and significant impaired social and vocational functioning. Schizophrenic patients can present hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunctions and cortisol dysregulation, which play an important role on the etiology onset, exacerbation, and relapsing of symptoms. Based on its intrinsic neuroprotective properties, taurine is considered a promising substance with beneficial role on various brain disorders, including schizophrenia. Here, we evaluated the effects of taurine on shoaling behavior and whole-body cortisol levels in zebrafish treated with dizocilpine (MK-801), which elicits schizophrenia-like phenotypes in animal models. Briefly, zebrafish shoals (4 fish per shoal) were exposed to dechlorinated water or taurine (42, 150, or 400 mg/L) for 60 min. Then, saline (PBS, pH 7.4 or 2.0 mg/kg MK-801) were intraperitoneally injected and zebrafish behavior was recorded 15 min later. In general, MK-801 disrupted shoaling behavior and reduced whole-body cortisol levels in zebrafish. All taurine pretreatments prevented MK-801-induced increase in shoal area, while 400 mg/L taurine prevented the MK-801-induced alterations in neuroendocrine responses. Moreover, all taurine-pretreated groups showed increased geotaxis, supporting a modulatory role in the overall dispersion pattern of the shoal. Collectively, our novel findings show a potential protective effect of taurine on MK-801-induced shoal dispersion and altered neuroendocrine responses, fostering the use of zebrafish models to assess schizophrenia-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francini Franscescon
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiele P Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Talise E Müller
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Paula Michelotti
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Canzian
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Flavia V Stefanello
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropsychobiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Natural and Exact Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria. 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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24
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Gao Y, Li Y, Li S, Liang X, Ren Z, Yang X, Zhang B, Hu Y, Yang X. Systematic discovery of signaling pathways linking immune activation to schizophrenia. iScience 2021; 24:103209. [PMID: 34746692 PMCID: PMC8551081 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune activation has been shown to play a critical role in the development of schizophrenia; however its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Our report demonstrates a high-quality protein interaction network for schizophrenia (SCZ Network), constructed using our “neighborhood walk” approach in combination with “random walk with restart”. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of the genes in this disease network revealed two developmental stages sensitive to perturbation by immune activation: mid-to late gestation, and adolescence. Furthermore, we induced immune activation at these stages in mice, carried out transcriptome sequencing on the mouse brains, and illustrated clear potential molecular pathways and key regulators correlating maternal immune activation during gestation and an increased risk for schizophrenia after a second immune activation at puberty. This work provides not only valuable resources for the study on molecular mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, but also a systematic strategy for the discovery of molecular pathways of complex mental disorders. A high-quality molecular network for schizophrenia (SCZ Network) A landscape of molecular pathways linking immune activation and schizophrenia The spatiotemporal network dynamics revealing stages susceptible to immune activation Identification of the molecular pathways and regulators in the immune-activated brain
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - ShuangYan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhonglu Ren
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinping Yang
- Center for Genetics and Developmental Systems Biology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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25
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Zhao W, Zhang Q, Chen X, Li Y, Li X, Du B, Deng X, Ji F, Wang C, Xiang YT, Dong Q, Chen C, Li J. The VNTR of the AS3MT gene is associated with brain activations during a memory span task and their training-induced plasticity. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1927-1932. [PMID: 32308175 PMCID: PMC8381288 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) gene has been identified as a top risk gene for schizophrenia in several large-scale genome-wide association studies. A variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) of this gene is the most significant expression quantitative trait locus, but its role in brain activity in vivo is still unknown. METHODS We first performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan of 101 healthy subjects during a memory span task, trained all subjects on an adaptive memory span task for 1 month, and finally performed another fMRI scan after the training. After excluding subjects with excessive head movements for one or more scanning sessions, data from 93 subjects were included in the final analyses. RESULTS The VNTR was significantly associated with both baseline brain activation and training-induced changes in multiple regions including the prefrontal cortex and the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Additionally, it was associated with baseline brain activation in the striatum and the parietal cortex. All these results were corrected based on the family-wise error rate method across the whole brain at the peak level. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds light on the role of AS3MT gene variants in neural plasticity related to memory span training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiumei Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining272013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiongying Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing100088, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing100088, China
| | - Boqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ji
- School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, 45# Jianshe South Road, Jining272013, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing100088, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA92697, USA
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, P.R. China
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26
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Tomaskovic-Crook E, Guerrieri-Cortesi K, Crook JM. Induced pluripotent stem cells for 2D and 3D modelling the biological basis of schizophrenia and screening possible therapeutics. Brain Res Bull 2021; 175:48-62. [PMID: 34273422 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are providing unprecedented insight into complex neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (SZ). Here we review the use of iPSCs for investigating the etiopathology and treatment of SZ, beginning with conventional in vitro two-dimensional (2D; monolayer) cell modelling, through to more advanced 3D tissue studies. With the advent of 3D modelling, utilising advanced differentiation paradigms and additive manufacturing technologies, inclusive of patient-specific cerebral/neural organoids and bioprinted neural tissues, such live disease-relevant tissue systems better recapitulate "within-body" tissue function and pathobiology. We posit that by enabling better understanding of biological causality, these evolving strategies will yield novel therapeutic targets and accordingly, drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tomaskovic-Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, 2500, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2500, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Kyle Guerrieri-Cortesi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, 2500, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jeremy Micah Crook
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, 2500, Wollongong, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, 2500, Wollongong, Australia; Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 3065, Fitzroy, Australia.
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27
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Pelletier-Baldelli A, Strauss GP, Kuhney FS, Chun C, Gupta T, Ellman LM, Schiffman J, Mittal VA. Perceived stress influences anhedonia and social functioning in a community sample enriched for psychosis-risk. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 135:96-103. [PMID: 33460840 PMCID: PMC7914219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Existing animal and human research support the causal role of stress in the emergence of anhedonia, and in turn, the influence of anhedonia in social functioning. However, this model has not been tested in relation to psychosis-risk; this literature gap is notable given that both anhedonia and declining social functioning represent key markers of risk of developing a psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia. The current research tested the evidence for this model using structural equation modeling in 240 individuals selected based on a range of psychosis-risk symptomatology from the general community. Results supported this model in comparison with alternative models, and additionally emphasized the direct role of perceived stress in social functioning outcomes. Findings suggest the clinical relevance of targeting early perceptions of stress in individuals meeting psychosis-risk self-report criteria in an effort to prevent subsequent anhedonia and declines in social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franchesca S Kuhney
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Charlotte Chun
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tina Gupta
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lauren M Ellman
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Vijay A Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Medical Social Science, Evanston, IL, USA
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28
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Uliana DL, Gomes FV, Grace AA. Stress impacts corticoamygdalar connectivity in an age-dependent manner. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:731-740. [PMID: 33096542 PMCID: PMC8027626 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a socio-environmental risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders, with the age of exposure potentially determining the outcome. Several brain regions mediate stress responsivity, with a prominent role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) and their reciprocal inhibitory connectivity. Here we investigated the impact of stress exposure during adolescence and adulthood on the activity of putative pyramidal neurons in the BLA and corticoamygdalar plasticity using in vivo electrophysiology. 155 male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a combination of footshock/restraint stress in either adolescence (postnatal day 31-40) or adulthood (postnatal day 65-74). Both adolescent and adult stress increased the number of spontaneously active putative BLA pyramidal neurons 1-2 weeks, but not 5-6 weeks post stress. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) of BLA and mPFC depressed evoked spike probability in the mPFC and BLA, respectively, in adult but not adolescent rats. In contrast, an adult-like BLA HFS-induced decrease in spike probability of mPFC neurons was found 1-2 weeks post-adolescent stress. Changes in mPFC and BLA neuron discharge were found 1-2 weeks post-adult stress after BLA and mPFC HFS, respectively. All these changes were transient since they were not found 5-6 weeks post adolescent or adult stress. Our findings indicate that stress during adolescence may accelerate the development of BLA-PFC plasticity, probably due to BLA hyperactivity, which can also disrupt the reciprocal communication of BLA-mPFC after adult stress. Therefore, precocious BLA-mPFC connectivity alterations may represent an early adaptive stress response that ultimately may contribute to vulnerability to adult psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela L. Uliana
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Felipe V. Gomes
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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29
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Carrier M, Guilbert J, Lévesque JP, Tremblay MÈ, Desjardins M. Structural and Functional Features of Developing Brain Capillaries, and Their Alteration in Schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:595002. [PMID: 33519380 PMCID: PMC7843388 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.595002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia affects more than 1% of the world's population and shows very high heterogeneity in the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms experienced by patients. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying this neurodevelopmental disorder are largely unknown, although it is proposed to emerge from multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. In this work, we explore the potential alterations in the developing blood vessel network which could contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Specifically, we discuss how the vascular network evolves during early postnatal life and how genetic and environmental risk factors can lead to detrimental changes. Blood vessels, capillaries in particular, constitute a dynamic and complex infrastructure distributing oxygen and nutrients to the brain. During postnatal development, capillaries undergo many structural and anatomical changes in order to form a fully functional, mature vascular network. Advanced technologies like magnetic resonance imaging and near infrared spectroscopy are now enabling to study how the brain vasculature and its supporting features are established in humans from birth until adulthood. Furthermore, the contribution of the different neurovascular unit elements, including pericytes, endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia, to proper brain function and behavior, can be dissected. This investigation conducted among different brain regions altered in schizophrenia, such as the prefrontal cortex, may provide further evidence that schizophrenia can be considered a neurovascular disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaël Carrier
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérémie Guilbert
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Lévesque
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Desjardins
- Axe Oncologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Physics, Physical Engineering and Optics, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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30
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Sonnenschein SF, Grace AA. Emerging therapeutic targets for schizophrenia: a framework for novel treatment strategies for psychosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:15-26. [PMID: 33170748 PMCID: PMC7855878 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1849144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Antipsychotic drugs are central to the treatment of schizophrenia, but their limitations necessitate improved treatment strategies. Multiple lines of research have implicated glutamatergic dysfunction in the hippocampus as an early source of pathophysiology in schizophrenia. Novel compounds have been designed to treat glutamatergic dysfunction, but they have produced inconsistent results in clinical trials. Areas covered: This review discusses how the hippocampus is thought to drive psychotic symptoms through its influence on the dopamine system. It offers the reader an evaluation of proposed treatment strategies including direct modulation of GABA or glutamate neurotransmission or reducing the deleterious impact of stress on circuit development. Finally, we offer a perspective on aspects of future research that will advance our knowledge and may create new therapeutic opportunities. PubMed was searched for relevant literature between 2010 and 2020 and related studies. Expert opinion: Targeting aberrant excitatory-inhibitory neurotransmission in the hippocampus and its related circuits has the potential to alleviate symptoms and reduce the risk of transition to psychosis if implemented as an early intervention. Longitudinal multimodal brain imaging combined with mechanistic theories generated from animal models can be used to better understand the progression of hippocampal-dopamine circuit dysfunction and heterogeneity in treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony A. Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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31
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Tryon VL, Garman HD, Loewy RL, Niendam TA. Links Between Human and Animal Models of Trauma and Psychosis: A Narrative Review. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:154-165. [PMID: 33309566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic experiences during development are associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis. Individuals with psychosis also report a higher rate of past trauma than healthy control subjects and worse outcomes than those who do not have these experiences. It is thought that traumatic experiences negatively impact specific neurobiological processes to confer this increased risk, and that systems affected by trauma are similarly changed in individuals with psychosis. Examining animal models of psychosis and the shared neurobiological changes in response to stressors can offer valuable insight into biological mechanisms that mediate symptoms and targets for intervention. This targeted review highlights a subset of models of psychosis across humans and animals, examines the similarities with the brain's response to stress and traumatic events, and discusses how these models may interact. Suggestions for future research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Tryon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis
| | - Heather D Garman
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rachel L Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tara A Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis.
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32
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Zamberletti E, Rubino T. Impact of Endocannabinoid System Manipulation on Neurodevelopmental Processes Relevant to Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:616-626. [PMID: 32855107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia has received much support from epidemiological and neuropathological studies and provides a framework to explain how early developmental abnormalities might manifest as psychosis in early adulthood. According to this theory, the onset of schizophrenia is likely the result of a complex interplay between a genetic predisposition and environmental factors whose respective influence might contribute to the etiology and progression of the disorder. The two most sensitive windows for neurodevelopment are the prenatal/perinatal and the adolescent windows, both of which are characterized by specific processes impinging upon brain structure and functionality, whose alterations may contribute to the onset of schizophrenia. An increasing number of articles suggest the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the modulation of at least some of these processes, especially in the prenatal/perinatal window. Thus, it is not surprising that disturbing the physiological role of endocannabinoid signaling in these sensitive windows might alter the correct formation of neuronal networks, eventually predisposing to neuropsychiatric diseases later in life. We review the most recent preclinical studies that evaluated the impact of endocannabinoid system modulation in the two sensitive developmental windows on neurodevelopmental processes that possess a specific relevance to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zamberletti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy.
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33
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Zhang Z, Li Y, He F, Cui Y, Zheng Y, Li R. Sex differences in circulating neuregulin1-β1 and β-secretase 1 expression in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 100:152176. [PMID: 32430144 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early-onset schizophrenia is a severe and rare form of schizophrenia that is clinically and neurobiologically continuous with the adult form of schizophrenia. Neuregulin1 (NRG1)-mediated signaling is crucial for early neurodevelopment, which exerts its function by limited β-secretase 1 (BACE1) proteolysis processing. However, circulating neuregulin1-β1 (NRG1-β1), an isoform of NRG1, and its cleavage enzyme BACE1 have not been studied in early-onset patients with schizophrenia. METHODS In this study, we collected plasma and clinical information from 71 young patients (7 ≤ age years ≤20) with schizophrenia and 53 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Immunoassay was used to test levels of circulating NRG1-β1 and BACE1 expression. We further analyzed the relationship of disease-onset age and gender with NRG1-β1 and BACE1 levels. RESULTS We found that circulating plasma levels of NRG1-β1 were significantly decreased in young patients with early-onset schizophrenia. In males with childhood onset schizophrenia (COS), NRG1-β1 was reduced and was inversely correlated with positive symptom of PANSS; moreover, these male patients with higher plasma BACE1 levels showed more severe general symptoms of PANSS and defective social functioning; whereas, no aforementioned results were found in adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS). Notably, young female patients with COS and AOS had no significant change in NRG1-β1 and BACE1, which demonstrated a sex-dependent effect in early-onset schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that decreased levels of NRG1-β1 and its cleavage enzyme BACE1 contribute to increased risk of etiology of schizophrenia. Synthetic biomarkers may have clinical applications for the early diagnosis of male COS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fan He
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yonghua Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China.
| | - Rena Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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34
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Sonnenschein SF, Gomes FV, Grace AA. Dysregulation of Midbrain Dopamine System and the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:613. [PMID: 32719622 PMCID: PMC7350524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the dopamine system is central to many models of the pathophysiology of psychosis in schizophrenia. However, emerging evidence suggests that this dysregulation is driven by the disruption of upstream circuits that provide afferent control of midbrain dopamine neurons. Furthermore, stress can profoundly disrupt this regulatory circuit, particularly when it is presented at critical vulnerable prepubertal time points. This review will discuss the dopamine system and the circuits that regulate it, focusing on the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, thalamic nuclei, and medial septum, and the impact of stress. A greater understanding of the regulation of the dopamine system and its disruption in schizophrenia may provide a more complete neurobiological framework to interpret clinical findings and develop novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Sonnenschein
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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35
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Association of HSPA1B genotypes with psychopathology and neurocognition in patients with the first episode of psychosis: a longitudinal 18-month follow-up study. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2020; 20:638-646. [DOI: 10.1038/s41397-020-0150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Repeated Exposure to Multiple Concurrent Stresses Induce Circuit Specific Loss of Inputs to the Posterior Parietal Cortex. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1849-1861. [PMID: 31949108 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1838-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe loss of excitatory synapses in key brain regions is thought to be one of the major mechanisms underlying stress-induced cognitive impairment. To date, however, the identity of the affected circuits remains elusive. Here we examined the effect of exposure to repeated multiple concurrent stressors (RMS) on the connectivity of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in adolescent male mice. We found that RMS led to layer-specific elimination of excitatory synapses with the most pronounced loss observed in deeper cortical layers. Quantitative analysis of cortical projections to the PPC revealed a significant loss of sensory and retrosplenial inputs to the PPC while contralateral and frontal projections were preserved. These results were confirmed by decreased synaptic strength from sensory, but not from contralateral, projections in stress-exposed animals. Functionally, RMS disrupted visuospatial working memory performance, implicating disrupted higher-order visual processing. These effects were not observed in mice subjected to restraint-only stress for an identical period of time. The PPC is considered to be a cortical hub for multisensory integration, working memory, and perceptual decision-making. Our data suggest that sensory information streams targeting the PPC may be impacted by recurring stress, likely contributing to stress-induced cognitive impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Repeated exposure to stress profoundly impairs cognitive functions like memory, attention, or decision-making. There is emerging evidence that stress not only impacts high-order regions of the brain, but may affect earlier stages of cognitive processing. Our work focuses on the posterior parietal cortex, a brain region supporting short-term memory, multisensory integration, and decision-making. We show evidence that repeated stress specifically damages sensory inputs to this region. This disruption of synaptic connectivity is linked to working memory impairment and is specific to repeated exposure to multiple stressors. Altogether, our data provide a potential alternative explanation to ailments previously attributed to downstream, cognitive brain structures.
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Ma YN, Sun YX, Wang T, Wang H, Zhang Y, Su YA, Li JT, Si TM. Subchronic MK-801 treatment during adolescence induces long-term, not permanent, excitatory-inhibitory imbalance in the rat hippocampus. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 867:172807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Perez SM, Lodge DJ. Adolescent stress contributes to aberrant dopamine signaling in a heritable rodent model of susceptibility. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 95:109701. [PMID: 31299274 PMCID: PMC6708463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Rodent models of the disorder have been developed that model either genetic or environment factors to recapitulate various aspects of the disease; however, the examination of gene by environment interactions requires a model of susceptibility. We have previously demonstrated that a proportion of the F2 generation of MAM-treated rats display a schizophrenia-like phenotype, defined as an increase in ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neuron population activity. Here we use this model to examine the consequence of adolescent stress (AS), a known risk factor for psychiatric disease, on dopamine neuron activity in the VTA. Specifically, F2 MAM rats were exposed to predator odor, a stressor of high ethological relevance, intermittently over 10 days throughout the adolescent period and VTA dopamine neuron activity was evaluated in adulthood. Both saline and MAM F2 rats exposed to AS displayed significant increases in population activity; however, the proportion of F2 MAM rats exhibiting this increase was significantly greater (approximately 70%) compared to their respective controls. Given that we have previously demonstrated that the augmented dopamine neuron activity in rodent models of psychosis is directly attributable to aberrant activity in the ventral hippocampus (vHipp), we examined whether AS altered activity within the vHipp. Indeed, there was a positive correlation between dopamine neuron activity and hippocampal firing rates, such that those rats that displayed increases in population activity also had increases in the firing rates of vHipp putative pyramidal neurons. Taken together, these data further demonstrate a role for AS as a risk factor for psychosis, particularly in those with a heritable predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Perez
- UT Health San Antonio, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7764, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA,Corresponding author at: 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7764, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Daniel J. Lodge
- UT Health San Antonio, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7764, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Desbonnet L, O'Tuathaigh CM, O'Leary C, Cox R, Tighe O, Petit EI, Wilson S, Waddington JL. Acute stress in adolescence vs early adulthood following selective deletion of dysbindin-1A: Effects on anxiety, cognition and other schizophrenia-related phenotypes. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:1610-1619. [PMID: 31556815 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119875465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As exposure to stress has been linked to the onset and maintenance of psychotic illness, its pathogenesis may involve environmental stressors interacting with genetic vulnerability. AIM To establish whether acute stress interacts with a targeted mutation of the gene encoding the neurodevelopmental factor dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 (DTNBP1), resulting in a specific loss of the isoform dysbindin-1A, to influence schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes in mice during adolescence and adulthood. METHODS Male and female mice with a heterozygous or homozygous deletion of DTNBP1 were assessed in the open field test following acute restraint stress in adolescence (Day 35) and young adulthood (Day 60-70). Effects of acute restraint stress on memory retention in the novel object recognition test was also assessed in adulthood. Baseline corticosterone was measured in serum samples and, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression levels were measured in the hippocampus of adult mice. RESULTS In the open field, deletion of dysbindin-1A induced hyperactivity and attenuated the action of stress to reduce hyperactivity in adolescence but not in adulthood; in females deletion of dysbindin-1A attenuated the effect of acute stress to increase anxiety-related behaviour in adolescence but not in adulthood. In the novel object recognition test, deletion of dysbindin-1A impaired memory and also revealed an increase in anxiety-related behaviour and a decrease in hippocampal BDNF gene expression in males. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that deletion of dysbindin-1A influences behaviours related to schizophrenia and anxiety more robustly in adolescence than in adulthood and that dysbindin-1A influences stress-related responses in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve Desbonnet
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm Mp O'Tuathaigh
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Brookfield Health Sciences Complex, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Clare O'Leary
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Cox
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orna Tighe
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emilie I Petit
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steve Wilson
- In Vivo Science and Delivery, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - John L Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Famitafreshi H, Karimian M. Paradoxical regulation of iron in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex induces schizophrenic-like symptoms in male rats. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:384-390. [PMID: 31714862 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1692832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Social isolation induces schizophrenic-like symptoms. Iron is an essential element for brain functions. The aim of this study is to investigate if the emergence of schizophrenia after social isolation is the result of impaired iron metabolism in the hippocampus and in the prefrontal cortex.Methods and materials: In this study, 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: 1) grouped housed (GH), 2) socially isolated (SI), 3) grouped housed + vehicle, 4) grouped housed + morphine, 5) socially isolated + vehicle and 6) socially isolated + morphine. After 14 days of social isolation and group housing, behavioral experiments were performed. Then, the iron in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and serum was assessed.Results: SI rats were more anxious in compared to GH rats. Memory was better in GH rats compared to SI rats. SI rats had more locomotor activity compared to GH rats. Iron was higher in the hippocampus in GH rats compared to SI rats. Paradoxically iron was higher in the prefrontal cortex in SI rats compared to GH rats. In serum, iron was higher in GH rats compared to SI rats.Conclusion: Emergence of schizophrenic-like symptoms is associated with the paradoxical concentration of iron in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the isolation period. Further studies are recommended to investigate the possible specific changes in ion transporters and the metabolism of the neurotransmitter that occurs as the result of this paradoxical regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Famitafreshi
- Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Science-International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimian
- Department of Physiology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Gomes FV, Zhu X, Grace AA. Stress during critical periods of development and risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 213:107-113. [PMID: 30711313 PMCID: PMC6667322 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with genetic predisposition, and stress has long been linked to its etiology. While stress affects all stages of the illness, increasing evidence suggests that stress during critical periods of development may be particularly detrimental, increasing individual's vulnerability to psychosis. To thoroughly understand the potential causative role of stress, our group has been focusing on the prenatal methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model, and discovered that MAM offspring display abnormal stress reactivity and heightened anxiety prepubertally, prior to the manifestation of a hyperdopaminergic state. Furthermore, pharmacologically treating anxiety during prepuberty prevented the emergence of the dopamine dysfunction in adulthood. Interestingly, sufficiently strong stressors applied to normal rats selectively during early development can recapitulate multiple schizophrenia-related phenotypes of MAM rats, whereas the same stress paradigm during adulthood only produced short-term depression-related deficits. Altogether, the evidence is thus converging: developmental disruption (genetic or environmental) might render animals more susceptible to the deleterious effects of stress during critical time windows, during which unregulated stress can lead to the emergence of psychosis later in life. As an important region regulating the midbrain dopamine system, the ventral hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to stress, and the distinct maturational profile of its fast-spiking parvalbumin interneurons may largely underlie such vulnerability. In this review, by discussing emerging evidence spanning clinical and basic science studies, we propose developmental stress vulnerability as a novel link between early predispositions and environmental triggering events in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This promising line of research can potentially provide not only insights into the etiology, but also a "roadmap" for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony A. Grace
- Corresponding author: Dr. Anthony A. Grace - Department of Neuroscience, A210 Langley Hall, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA. Phone: +1 412 624 4609.
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Taylor SF, Grove TB, Ellingrod VL, Tso IF. The Fragile Brain: Stress Vulnerability, Negative Affect and GABAergic Neurocircuits in Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:1170-1183. [PMID: 31150555 PMCID: PMC6811817 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Persons with schizophrenia exhibit sensitivity to stress and negative affect (NA), both strongly correlated with poor functional outcome. This theoretical review suggests that NA reflects a "fragile brain," ie, vulnerable to stress, including events not experienced as stressful by healthy individuals. Based on postmortem evidence of altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function in parvalbumin positive interneurons (PVI), animal models of PVI abnormalities and neuroimaging data with GABAergic challenge, it is suggested that GABAergic disruptions weaken cortical regions, which leads to stress vulnerability and excessive NA. Neurocircuits that respond to stressful and salient environmental stimuli, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the amygdala, are highly dysregulated in schizophrenia, exhibiting hypo- and hyper-activity. PVI abnormalities in lateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus have been hypothesized to affect cognitive function and positive symptoms, respectively; in the medial frontal cortex (dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex), these abnormalities may lead to vulnerability to stress, NA and dysregulation of stress responsive systems. Given that postmortem PVI disruptions have been identified in other conditions, such as bipolar disorder and autism, stress vulnerability may reflect a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 734-936-4955, fax: 734-936-7868, e-mail:
| | - Tyler B Grove
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, Ann Arbor, MI
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Klinger K, Gomes FV, Rincón-Cortés M, Grace AA. Female rats are resistant to the long-lasting neurobehavioral changes induced by adolescent stress exposure. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1127-1137. [PMID: 31371105 PMCID: PMC6773464 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Stress during adolescence is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric diseases, including schizophrenia. We recently observed that peripubertal male rats exposed to a combination of daily footshock plus restraint stress exhibited schizophrenia-like changes. However, numerous studies have shown sex differences in neuropsychiatric diseases as well as on the impact of coping with stress. Thus, we decided to evaluate, in adolescent female rats, the impact of different stressors (restraint stress [RS], footshock [FS], or the combination of FS and RS [FS+RS]) on social interaction (3-chamber social approach test/SAT), anxiety responses (elevated plus-maze/EPM), cognitive function (novel object recognition test/NOR), and dopamine (DA) system responsivity by evaluating locomotor response to amphetamine and in vivo extracellular single unit recordings of DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in adulthood. The impact of FS+RS during early adulthood was also investigated. Adolescent stress had no impact on social behavior, anxiety, cognition and locomotor response to amphetamine. In addition, adolescent stress did not induce long-lasting changes in VTA DA system activity. However, a decrease in the firing rate of VTA DA neurons was found 1-2 weeks post-adolescent stress. Similar to adolescent stress, adult stress did not induce long-lasting behavioral deficits and changes in VTA DA system activity, but FS+RS decreased VTA DA neuron population activity 1-2 weeks post-adult stress. Our results are consistent with previous studies showing that female rodents appear to be more resilient to developmental stress-induced persistent changes than males and may contribute to the delayed onset and lesser severity of schizophrenia in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Klinger
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Institute of Genetic and Molecular Neurobiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, University of Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Felipe V Gomes
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Ave, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Millie Rincón-Cortés
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Insights on current and novel antipsychotic mechanisms from the MAM model of schizophrenia. Neuropharmacology 2019; 163:107632. [PMID: 31077730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current antipsychotic drugs (APDs) act on D2 receptors, and preclinical studies demonstrate that repeated D2 antagonist administration downregulates spontaneously active DA neurons by producing overexcitation-induced inactivation of firing (depolarization block). Animal models of schizophrenia based on the gestational MAM administration produces offspring with adult phenotypes consistent with schizophrenia, including ventral hippocampal hyperactivity and a DA neuron overactivity. The MAM model reveals that APDs act differently in a hyperdopamineregic system compared to a normal one, including rapid onset of depolarization block in response to acute D2 antagonist administration and downregulation of DA neuron population activity following acute and repeated D2 partial agonist administration, none of which are observed in normal rats. Novel target compounds have been developed based on the theory that glutamatergic dysfunction is central to schizophrenia pathology. Despite showing promise in preclinical research, none of the novel drugs succeeded in clinical trials. However, preclinical research is generally performed in normal, drug-naïve rats, whereas models with disease-relevant pathology and prior APD exposure may improve the predictive validity of preclinical research. Indeed, in MAM rats, chronic D2 antagonist treatment leads to persistent DA supersensitivity that interferes with the response to drugs that target upstream pathology. Moreover, MAM rats revealed that the peri-pubertal period is a stress-sensitive window that can be targeted to prevent the development of MAM pathology in adulthood. Neurodevelopmental models, such as the MAM model, can thus be used to test potential pharmacotherapies that may be able to treat schizophrenia in early stages of the disease. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Antipsychotics'.
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45
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Clarke DJ, Chohan TW, Kassem MS, Smith KL, Chesworth R, Karl T, Kuligowski MP, Fok SY, Bennett MR, Arnold JC. Neuregulin 1 Deficiency Modulates Adolescent Stress-Induced Dendritic Spine Loss in a Brain Region-Specific Manner and Increases Complement 4 Expression in the Hippocampus. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:339-349. [PMID: 29566220 PMCID: PMC6403066 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One neuropathological feature of schizophrenia is a diminished number of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) system is involved in the plasticity of dendritic spines, and chronic stress decreases dendritic spine densities in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Here, we aimed to assess whether Nrg1 deficiency confers vulnerability to the effects of adolescent stress on dendritic spine plasticity. We also assessed other schizophrenia-relevant neurobiological changes such as microglial cell activation, loss of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, and induction of complement factor 4 (C4). Adolescent male wild-type (WT) and Nrg1 heterozygous mice were subjected to chronic restraint stress before their brains underwent Golgi impregnation or immunofluorescent staining of PV interneurons, microglial cells, and C4. Stress in WT mice promoted dendritic spine loss and microglial cell activation in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. However, Nrg1 deficiency rendered mice resilient to stress-induced dendritic spine loss in the infralimbic cortex and the CA3 region of the hippocampus without affecting stress-induced microglial cell activation in these brain regions. Nrg1 deficiency and adolescent stress combined to trigger increased dendritic spine densities in the prelimbic cortex. In the hippocampal CA1 region, Nrg1 deficiency accentuated stress-induced dendritic spine loss. Nrg1 deficiency increased C4 protein and decreased C4 mRNA expression in the hippocampus, and the number of PV interneurons in the basolateral amygdala. This study demonstrates that Nrg1 modulates the impact of stress on the adolescent brain in a region-specific manner. It also provides first evidence of a link between Nrg1 and C4 systems in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Clarke
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Department of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tariq W Chohan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Department of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Kristie L Smith
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rose Chesworth
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael P Kuligowski
- Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Sandra Y Fok
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,Department of Pharmacology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Brain and Mind Centre, Level 6, Building F, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; tel: +61-29351-0812, e-mail:
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Iwata K. Mitochondrial Involvement in Mental Disorders; Energy Metabolism, Genetic, and Environmental Factors. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1916:41-48. [PMID: 30535680 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8994-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SZ) are generally characterized by a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behavior, and relationships with others. Multiple risk factors incorporating genetic and environmental susceptibility are associated with development of these disorders. Mitochondria have a central role in the energy metabolism, and the literature suggests energy metabolism abnormalities are widespread in the brains of subjects with MDD, BD, and SZ. Numerous studies have shown altered expressions of mitochondria-related genes in these mental disorders. In addition, environmental factors for these disorders, such as stresses, have been suggested to induce mitochondrial abnormalities. Moreover, animal studies have suggested that interactions of altered expression of mitochondria-related genes and environmental factors might be involved in mental disorders. Further investigations into interactions of mitochondrial abnormalities with environmental factors are required to elucidate of the pathogenesis of these mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Iwata
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy. .,Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.
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Mitochondrial Involvement in Mental Disorders: Energy Metabolism and Genetic and Environmental Factors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1118:63-70. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-05542-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Testen A, Ali M, Sexton HG, Hodges S, Dubester K, Reissner KJ, Swartzwelder HS, Risher ML. Region-Specific Differences in Morphometric Features and Synaptic Colocalization of Astrocytes During Development. Neuroscience 2018; 400:98-109. [PMID: 30599266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that astrocytes play pivotal roles in neuronal synapse formation and maturation as well as in the modulation of synaptic transmission. Despite their general importance for brain function, relatively little is known about the maturation of astrocytes during normal postnatal development, especially during adolescence, and how that maturation may influence astroglial-synaptic contact. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and dorsal hippocampus (dHipp) are critical for executive function, memory, and their effective integration. Further, both regions undergo significant functional changes during adolescence and early adulthood that are believed to mediate these functions. However, it is unclear the extent to which astrocytes change during these late developmental periods, nor is it clear whether their association with functional synapses shifts as adolescent and young adult maturation proceeds. Here we utilize an astrocyte-specific viral labeling approach paired with high-resolution single-cell astrocyte imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction to determine whether mPFC and dHipp astrocytes have temporally distinct maturation trajectories. mPFC astrocytes, in particular, continue to mature well into emerging adulthood (postnatal day 70). Moreover, this ongoing maturation is accompanied by a substantial increase in colocalization of astrocytes with the postsynaptic neuronal marker, PSD-95. Taken together, these data provide novel insight into region-specific astrocyte-synapse interactions in late CNS development and into adulthood, thus raising implications for the mechanism of post-adolescent development of the mPFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anze Testen
- Curriculum in Neuroscience, UNC Chapel Hill, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Maryam Ali
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, United States
| | - Hannah G Sexton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Neurobiology Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States; Neurobiology Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Huntington, WV, United States
| | | | - Kira Dubester
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, United States
| | - Kathryn J Reissner
- Curriculum in Neuroscience, UNC Chapel Hill, United States; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, UNC Chapel Hill, United States
| | - H Scott Swartzwelder
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Neurobiology Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mary-Louise Risher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Neurobiology Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States; Neurobiology Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Huntington, WV, United States.
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Modinos G, Şimşek F, Azis M, Bossong M, Bonoldi I, Samson C, Quinn B, Perez J, Broome MR, Zelaya F, Lythgoe DJ, Howes OD, Stone JM, Grace AA, Allen P, McGuire P. Prefrontal GABA levels, hippocampal resting perfusion and the risk of psychosis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:2652-2659. [PMID: 29440719 PMCID: PMC5955214 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-017-0004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical models propose that the onset of psychosis is associated with hippocampal hyperactivity, thought to be driven by cortical GABAergic interneuron dysfunction and disinhibition of pyramidal neurons. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that resting hippocampal perfusion is increased in subjects at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, but how this may be related to GABA concentrations is unknown. The present study used a multimodal neuroimaging approach to address this issue in UHR subjects. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and pulsed-continuous arterial spin labeling imaging were acquired to investigate the relationship between medial prefrontal (MPFC) GABA+ levels (including some contribution from macromolecules) and hippocampal regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 36 individuals at UHR of psychosis, based on preclinical evidence that MPFC dysfunction is involved in hippocampal hyperactivity. The subjects were then clinically monitored for 2 years: during this period, 7 developed a psychotic disorder and 29 did not. At baseline, MPFC GABA+ levels were positively correlated with rCBF in the left hippocampus (region of interest analysis, p = 0.044 family-wise error corrected, FWE). This correlation in the left hippocampus was significantly different in UHR subjects who went on to develop psychosis relative to those who did not (p = 0.022 FWE), suggesting the absence of a correlation in the latter subgroup. These findings provide the first human evidence that MPFC GABA+ concentrations are related to resting hippocampal perfusion in the UHR state, and offer some support for a link between GABA levels and hippocampal function in the development of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Fatma Şimşek
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matilda Azis
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthijs Bossong
- 0000000090126352grid.7692.aDepartment of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Carly Samson
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Beverly Quinn
- 0000 0004 0412 9303grid.450563.1CAMEO Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jesus Perez
- 0000 0004 0412 9303grid.450563.1CAMEO Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK ,0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,0000 0001 2180 1817grid.11762.33Department of Neuroscience, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Matthew R Broome
- 0000 0004 1936 8948grid.4991.5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ,0000 0004 0573 576Xgrid.451190.8Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David J Lythgoe
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - James M Stone
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony A Grace
- 0000 0004 1936 9000grid.21925.3dDepartment of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Paul Allen
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK ,0000 0001 0468 7274grid.35349.38Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, Roehampton, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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50
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Parato J, Shen H, Smith SS. α4βδ GABA A Receptors Trigger Synaptic Pruning and Reduce Dendritic Length of Female Mouse CA3 Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells at Puberty. Neuroscience 2018; 398:23-36. [PMID: 30496825 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic pruning during adolescence is critical for optimal cognition. The CA3 hippocampus contains unique spine types and plays a pivotal role in pattern separation and seizure generation, where sex differences exist, but adolescent pruning has only been studied in the male. Thus, for the present study we assessed pruning of specific spine types in the CA3 hippocampus during adolescence and investigated a possible mechanism in the female mouse. To this end, we used Golgi-impregnated brains from pubertal (∼PND 35, assessed by vaginal opening) and post-pubertal (PND 56) mice. Spine density was assessed from z-stack (0.1-μm steps) images taken using a Nikon DS-U3 camera through a Nikon Eclipse Ci-L microscope and analyzed with NIS Elements. Spine density decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during adolescence, with 50-60% decreases in mushroom and stubby spine-types (P < 0.05, ∼PND35 vs. PND56) in non-proestrous mice. This was associated with decreases in kalirin-7, a spine protein which stabilizes the cytoskeleton and is required for spine maintenance. Because our previous findings suggest that pubertal increases in α4βδ GABAA receptors (GABARs) trigger pruning in CA1, we investigated their role in CA3. α4 expression in CA3 hippocampus increased 4-fold at puberty (P < 0.05), assessed by immunostaining and verified electrophysiologically by an increased response to gaboxadol (100 nM), which is selective for α4βδ. Knock-out of α4 prevented the pubertal decrease in kalirin-7 and synaptic pruning and also increased the dendritic length, demonstrating a functional link. These data suggest that pubertal α4βδ GABARs alter dendritic morphology and trigger pruning in female CA3 hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Parato
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Program in Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, No. 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sheryl S Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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