The Effects of Job Demand-control-support Profiles on Presenteeism: Evidence from the Sixth Korean Working Condition Survey

Background

Presenteeism is closely related to work performance, work quality and quantity, and productivity at work. According to the job demand-control-support model, job demand, job control, and support play important roles in presenteeism. The present study investigated job characteristics profiles based on the job demand-control-support model and identify the association between job characteristics profiles and presenteeism.

Methods

This secondary data analysis used the Sixth Korean Working Condition Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional dataset. The study included 25,361 Korean wage workers employed in the workplace with two or more workers. Participants were classified into four job characteristics profiles based on the job demand-control-support model, using latent profile analysis, and logistic regression was performed to examine the association between study variables.

Results

Overall, 11.0 % of study participants reported experience of presenteeism in the past 12 months. Age, sex, location, monthly income, shift work, work hours, health problems, and sleep disturbances were significantly associated with presenteeism. The rate of presenteeism was the highest in the passive isolate group. The passive collective, active collective, and low-stain collective groups had a 23.0%, 21.0%, and 29.0% lower likelihood of experiencing presenteeism, respectively, than the passive isolate group.

Conclusions

The job demand-control-support profiles and the risk of presenteeism were significantly associated. The most significant group that lowered the experience of presenteeism was the low-strain collective group, which had a low level of demand and high levels of control and support. Therefore, we need a policy to reduce job demand and increase job control and support at the organizational and national levels.

Understanding the unmet needs in insomnia treatment: a systematic literature review of real-world evidence

STUDY OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to define and characterize the unmet needs in the pharmacological management of insomnia.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant literature reporting real-world evidence in insomnia, published from January 2009 to April 2020. Pharmacological treatments - both prescription (benzodiazepines, 'Z-drugs' and suvorexant) and off-label (antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antihistamines) - were considered.

RESULTS

Overall, 108 publications describing the humanistic (n = 59) and economic burden (n = 20) of insomnia, off-label treatment patterns (n = 28) and factors influencing treatment adherence or persistence (n = 8) were identified. A high prevalence of comorbid conditions was reported in patients with insomnia resulting in significantly lower health-related QoL compared to those with insomnia or a comorbidity alone. Current treatment options were associated with adverse events, including reduced sleep quality and next-day somnolence. An increased risk of accidents/injuries was also associated with insomnia and its treatment. Furthermore, safety concerns and perceived lack of efficacy for approved treatments have led to frequent off-label prescribing, despite a lack of clinical evidence of risk/benefit ratios. Safety concerns associated with benzodiazepines include risk of dependence, leading to prolonged treatment persistence and exacerbated adverse events, making them unsuitable for use in patients with chronic insomnia. Finally, the substantial economic burden of insomnia was evident, with reduced work productivity demonstrated in patients with insomnia compared to the general population.

CONCLUSIONS

This review highlights a clear unmet need for insomnia therapies that improve sleep quality without resulting in next-day impairment and/or dependence.

Factors that Affecting Female Nurse Performance with Work Stress as an Intervening Variable in the Hospital of Dr. Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar

Background: Professional nurse job, long term rhythm of life that is irregular, and pressure of many aspects of live cause multiple role conflicts, sleep problem, affect the efficiency and quality of nurses performance. 12 hours shift rotation are very common in the world, but there is worries that develop about the effect of quality and safety of nurses and patient. Aim : To find out the direct and indirect effect of work family conflict, shift work, nutrition status, sleep quality on nurse performance through work stress as an intervening variable on female nurses at Hospital of Dr Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar. Methods : The type of this research used observational analytic with cross-sectional design to see the effect of work family conflict, shift work, nutrition status, and quality of sleep on nurse performance through work stress as an intervening variable on female nurses in the Hospital of Dr MTadjuddin Chalid Makassar. This research was conducted in February – June 2021 at Dr. Hospital. Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar. The sample of this research was female nurses who were married as many as 73 respondents, Data collection used questionnare, scale, microtoice, and secondary data. Data analysis used univariate analysis with SPSS program version 24 and multivariate analysis to find out the effect of two or more variables and to see the direct and indirect effect with handle the anther variable with used Path Analysis that was conducted with used SmartPLS program. Results : There is no direct effect of work family conflict on performance with a score p (0,462)>0,05 There is an indirect effect of work family conflict on performance through work stress with a score p (0,001) < 0,05. There is direct effect of work stress on performance with p-value (0,003) < 0,05. There is no direct and indirect effect of shift work on performance although it through work stress as intervening variable on nurse with p-value > 0,05. There is no direct and indirect effect of nutrition status on performance athought it through work stress as an intervening variable on nurse with p-value > 0,05.  There is direct effect of sleep quality on performance with p-value (0,007) < 0,05. However, there is no indirect offect of sleep quality on performance through work stress as intervening variable on female nurses in the Hospital of Dr Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar with p-value (0,983) > 0,05. Conclusion:There is no direct effect of work family conflict on performance, but there is an indirect effect of work family conflict on performance through work stress as variable intervening. There is no direct and indirect effect of nutrition status on performance athought it through work stress as intervening variable and there is direct effect of quality of life on performance but there is no indirect effect of quality of sleep on performance through work stress as intervenig variable on nurses in Hoospital of Dr Tadjuddin Chalid Makassar. Suggested on female nurses could manage their quality of sleep with rest first before doing the activity, so that when they work, they can work as optimal

Sickness Presenteeism in Shift and Non-Shift Nurses: Using the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey

Nurses have reported higher rates of sickness presenteeism than other workers, which is particularly problematic because this problem is linked to care quality and patient safety. This secondary data analysis study aimed to identify the prevalence of sickness presenteeism and explore related factors among shift and non-shift nurses using the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. A total of 272 nurses in Korean hospitals were included. The survey included questions on working conditions, health status, and sickness presenteeism. A multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of sickness presenteeism. Overall, 21.8% of the participants reported experiencing sickness presenteeism; shift nurses experienced more sickness presenteeism than non-shift nurses. Sickness presenteeism was greater in shift nurses who did not have rest breaks during work and in nurses who experienced quick return. Additionally, the odds of sickness presenteeism were approximately four times greater in shift nurses who experienced sleep disturbance and about four times higher in shift nurses who experienced health problems. Among non-shift nurses, the odds of sickness presenteeism were about 15 times greater in those who worked ≥53 h per week. Nurse managers and administrators should prevent sickness presenteeism in hospital nurses to provide quality care and enhance productivity.