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Zarandi AF, Shirkhanloo H, Rakhtshah J. An immobilization of 2-(Aminomethyl) thiazole on multi-walled carbon nanotubes used for rapid extraction of manganese ions in hepatic patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 240:115941. [PMID: 38211517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
A new method based on the immobilization of 2-(Aminomethyl) thiazole on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (AMTZ@MWCNTs) was used to extract manganese (Mn) in the human blood, serum, and urine samples. First, 20 mg of AMTZ@MWCNTs, 0.2 mL of acetone, and 0.1 g of ionic liquid (IL) were completely mixed and injected into 2.0 mL human samples by a microscale syringe at pH 5.5. After shaking and centrifuging, the Mn ions were extracted and separated through the ultrasound-assisted- ionic liquid-dispersive micro solid-phase extraction (UAS-IL-D-μ-SPE) before being determined by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). According to the results, manganese in the blood of hepatic patients had higher concentrations than healthy people (Aged 25-60, 50 N). The Mn adsorption capacities for the AMTZ@MWCNTs and MWCNTs adsorbents were achieved at 192.5 mg/g and 26.3 mg/g, respectively. In the high enrichment factor (HEF), the limit of detection (LOD), linear range (LR), and mean relative standard division (RSD%) were calculated at 15 ng/L, 0.05-3.8 μg/L, and 2.34, respectively (n = 10). The methodology was validated using certified reference material (CRM) and spiking standard solutions to human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Faghihi Zarandi
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman university of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran; Department of Occupational Hygiene Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Shirkhanloo
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Entrance Blvd., Olympic Village, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Rakhtshah
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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2
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Prajapati M, Quenneville CB, Zhang JZ, Chong GS, Chiu L, Ma B, Ward LD, Tu HC, Bartnikas TB. AAV-mediated hepatic expression of SLC30A10 and the Thr95Ile variant attenuates manganese excess and other phenotypes in Slc30a10-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105732. [PMID: 38336290 PMCID: PMC10933546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The manganese (Mn) export protein SLC30A10 is essential for Mn excretion via the liver and intestines. Patients with SLC30A10 deficiency develop Mn excess, dystonia, liver disease, and polycythemia. Recent genome-wide association studies revealed a link between the SLC30A10 variant T95I and markers of liver disease. The in vivo relevance of this variant has yet to be investigated. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we explore the impact of the T95I variant on SLC30A10 function. While SLC30A10 I95 expressed at lower levels than T95 in transfected cell lines, both T95 and I95 variants protected cells similarly from Mn-induced toxicity. Adeno-associated virus 8-mediated expression of T95 or I95 SLC30A10 using the liver-specific thyroxine binding globulin promoter normalized liver Mn levels in mice with hepatocyte Slc30a10 deficiency. Furthermore, Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of T95 or I95 SLC30A10 normalized red blood cell parameters and body weights and attenuated Mn levels and differential gene expression in livers and brains of mice with whole body Slc30a10 deficiency. While our in vivo data do not indicate that the T95I variant significantly compromises SLC30A10 function, it does reinforce the notion that the liver is a key site of SLC30A10 function. It also supports the idea that restoration of hepatic SLC30A10 expression is sufficient to attenuate phenotypes in SLC30A10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milankumar Prajapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Jared Z Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Grace S Chong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lauren Chiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bangyi Ma
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucas D Ward
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Thomas B Bartnikas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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3
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Kippler M, Oskarsson A. Manganese - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10367. [PMID: 38327991 PMCID: PMC10845892 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Manganese is an essential trace element that is required for multiple enzymes in the human body. The general population is mainly exposed to manganese via food intake, in particular plant foods. In areas with elevated concentrations of manganese in groundwater, drinking water can also be an important source of exposure. The gastrointestinal absorption of manganese is below 10%, and it appears to be influenced by the amount of manganese in the diet and by the nutritional status of the individual, especially the iron status. In blood, most of the manganese is found in the cellular fractions. Manganese is primarily eliminated via the bile followed by excretion via faeces. To date, no specific biomarkers of manganese intake have been identified. The dietary intake of manganese in the Nordic countries has been reported to be within the range that has been reported for other European countries (2-6 mg/day). Since manganese is found in nutritionally adequate amounts in food, deficiency is not of public health concern. On the other hand, there is emerging epidemiological evidence that various suggested manganese biomarkers may be negatively associated with children's neurodevelopment. However, the limited number of prospective studies, the lack of appropriate exposure biomarkers, and validated neurodevelopmental outcomes render data uncertain and inconclusive. In 2013, the European Food Safety Authority considered the evidence to be insufficient to derive an average requirement or a population reference intake, and instead an adequate intake for adults was set at 3.0 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Lucchini R, Tieu K. Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism: Evidence from Epidemiological and Experimental Studies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1190. [PMID: 37627255 PMCID: PMC10452806 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure has evolved from acute, high-level exposure causing manganism to low, chronic lifetime exposure. In this latter scenario, the target areas extend beyond the globus pallidus (as seen with manganism) to the entire basal ganglia, including the substantia nigra pars compacta. This change of exposure paradigm has prompted numerous epidemiological investigations of the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), or parkinsonism, due to the long-term impact of Mn. In parallel, experimental research has focused on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of Mn and its interactions with genetic susceptibility. In this review, we provide evidence from both types of studies, with the aim to link the epidemiological data with the potential mechanistic interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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5
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Shaffer RM, Wright JM, Cote I, Bateson TF. Comparative susceptibility of children and adults to neurological effects of inhaled manganese: A review of the published literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115319. [PMID: 36669586 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic in adults and children. Current assessments are based on the more extensive adult epidemiological data, but the potential for greater childhood susceptibility remains a concern. To better understand potential lifestage-based variations, we compared susceptibilities to neurotoxicity in children and adults using Mn biomarker data. METHODS We developed a literature search strategy based on a Population, Exposures, Comparators, and Outcomes statement focusing on inhalation exposures and neurological outcomes in humans. Screening was performed using DistillerSR. Hair biomarker studies were selected for evaluation because studies with air measurements were unavailable or considered inadequate for children. Studies were paired based on concordant Mn source, biomarker, and outcome. Comparisons were made based on reported dose-response slopes (children vs. adults). Study evaluation was conducted to understand the confidence in our comparisons. RESULTS We identified five studies evaluating seven pairings of hair Mn and neurological outcomes (cognition and motor effects) in children and adults matched on sources of environmental Mn inhalation exposure. Two Brazilian studies of children and one of adults reported intelligent quotient (IQ) effects; effects in both comparisons were stronger in children (1.21 to 2.03-fold difference). In paired analyses of children and adults from the United States, children exhibited both stronger and weaker effects compared to adults (0.37 to 1.75-fold differences) on postural sway metrics. CONCLUSION There is limited information on the comparative susceptibility of children and adults to inhaled Mn. We report that children may be 0.37 to 2.03 times as susceptible as adults to neurotoxic effects of Mn, thereby providing a quantitative estimate for some aspects of lifestage variation. Due to the limited number of paired studies available in the literature, this quantitative estimate should be interpreted with caution. Our analyses do not account for other sources of inter-individual variation. Additional studies of Mn-exposed children with direct air concentration measurements would improve the evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Shaffer
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Michael Wright
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ila Cote
- University of Colorado, School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas F Bateson
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
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Gurol KC, Li D, Broberg K, Mukhopadhyay S. Manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 missense polymorphism T95I associated with liver injury retains manganese efflux activity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G78-G88. [PMID: 36414535 PMCID: PMC9829465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00213.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the manganese (Mn) efflux transporter SLC30A10 in the liver and intestines is critical for Mn excretion and preventing Mn toxicity. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A10 are a well-established cause of hereditary Mn toxicity. But, the relationship between more common SLC30A10 polymorphisms, Mn homeostasis, and disease is only recently emerging. In 2021, the first coding SNP in SLC30A10 (T95I) was associated with liver disease raising the hypothesis that the T95I substitution may induce disease by inhibiting the Mn efflux function of SLC30A10. Here, we test this hypothesis using structural, viability, and metal quantification approaches. Analyses of a predicted structure of SLC30A10 revealed that the side chain of T95 pointed away from the putative Mn-binding cavity, raising doubts about the impact of the T95I substitution on SLC30A10 function. In HeLa or HepG2 cells, overexpression of SLC30A10-WT or T95I resulted in comparable reductions of intracellular Mn levels and protection against Mn-induced cell death. Furthermore, ΔSLC30A10 HepG2 cells, generated using CRISPR/Cas9, exhibited elevated Mn levels and heightened sensitivity to Mn-induced cell death, and these phenotypic changes were similarly rescued by expression of SLC30A10-WT or T95I. Finally, turnover rates of SLC30A10-WT or T95I were also comparable. In summary, our results indicate that the Mn transport activity of SLC30A10-T95I is essentially comparable to the WT protein. Our findings imply that SLC30A10-T95I either has a complex association with liver injury that extends beyond the simple reduction in SLC30A10 activity or alternatively the T95I mutation lacks a causal role in liver disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that the T95I polymorphism in the manganese transporter SLC30A10, which has been associated with liver disease in human GWAS studies, does not impact transporter function in cell culture. These findings raise doubts about the causal relationship of the T95I polymorphism with human disease and highlight the importance of validating GWAS findings using mechanistic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem C Gurol
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Danyang Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Rokoff LB, Shoaff JR, Coull BA, Enlow MB, Bellinger DC, Korrick SA. Prenatal exposure to a mixture of organochlorines and metals and internalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112701. [PMID: 35016863 PMCID: PMC8917058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prenatal chemical exposures influence neurobehavior, joint exposures are not well explored as risk factors for internalizing disorders through adolescence. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations of prenatal organochlorine and metal exposures, considered individually and as a mixture, with mid-childhood and adolescent internalizing symptoms. METHODS Participants were 468 children from a prospective cohort recruited at birth (1993-1998) in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Organochlorines (hexachlorobenzene, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyls) and metals (lead, manganese) were analyzed in cord blood. Internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depressive, somatic) were assessed via multiple informants on the Conners' Rating Scale (CRS) at 8-years and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2) at 15-years; higher T-scores indicate greater symptoms. Overall and sex-specific covariate-adjusted associations were evaluated using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) and five-chemical linear regression models. RESULTS The cohort was socioeconomically diverse (35% household income <$20,000; 55% maternal ≤ high school education at birth). Most chemical concentrations were consistent with background levels [e.g., median (range) cord blood lead: 1.1 (0-9.4) μg/dL]. BKMR suggested linear associations and no interactions between chemicals. The overall mixture was positively associated with Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and BASC-2 Self Report of Personality (SRP) anxiety and depressive symptoms, and negatively with somatic symptoms. Prenatal lead was positively associated with adolescent anxiety symptoms [1.56 (95% CI: 0.50, 2.61) BASC-2 SRP Anxiety score increase per doubling lead]. For CRPS and BASC-2 SRP, a doubling of cord blood manganese was positively associated with internalizing symptoms for girls [e.g., 3.26 (95% CI: 0.27, 6.25) BASC-2 SRP Depression score increase], but not boys. Organochlorine exposures were not adversely associated with internalizing symptoms. DISCUSSION Low-level prenatal lead exposure was positively associated with adolescent anxiety symptoms, and prenatal manganese exposure was positively associated with internalizing symptoms for girls from mid-childhood through adolescence. In utero neurotoxicant metal exposures may contribute to the emergence of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B Rokoff
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Population Health Sciences Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jessica R Shoaff
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Belingheri M, Chiu YHM, Renzetti S, Bhasin D, Wen C, Placidi D, Oppini M, Covolo L, Padovani A, Lucchini RG. Relationships of Nutritional Factors and Agrochemical Exposure with Parkinson's Disease in the Province of Brescia, Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3309. [PMID: 35328997 PMCID: PMC8954923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposures to agrochemicals and nutritional factors may be associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD). None of the studies to date has examined the combined effects of diet and agricultural chemical exposure together. To address these research gaps, we aimed to assess the association of nutritional factors and agrochemical exposure with the risk of PD. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate the association of nutritional and agrochemical exposures with PD, adjusting for gender, age, socio-economic status, head injury, family history, smoking, metals exposure, and α-synuclein gene polymorphism. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression was applied to examine the effect of dietary components as a mixture. We recruited 347 cases and 389 controls. Parent history of PD (OR = 4.15, 95%CI: 2.10, 8.20), metals exposure (OR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.61-3.89), SNCA rs356219 polymorphism (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.04-1.87 for TC vs. TT; OR = 2.17, 95%CI: 1.43-3.28 for CC vs. TT), agrochemical exposures (OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.41-3.16), and being born in the Brescia province (OR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.17-2.90) were significantly associated with PD. Conversely, fish intake and coffee consumption had a protective effect. The study confirmed the role of environmental exposures in the genesis of PD. Fish intake and coffee consumption are protective factors even when agricultural chemical exposures exist. Genetic factors and metals exposure were confirmed as risk factors for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Belingheri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20090 Monza, Italy
| | - Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (Y.-H.M.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Deepika Bhasin
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Chi Wen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (Y.-H.M.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Manuela Oppini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Loredana Covolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Roberto G. Lucchini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (S.R.); (D.P.); (M.O.); (L.C.); (R.G.L.)
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 11200, USA
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Gurol KC, Aschner M, Smith DR, Mukhopadhyay S. Role of excretion in manganese homeostasis and neurotoxicity: a historical perspective. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G79-G92. [PMID: 34786983 PMCID: PMC8714252 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00299.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The essential metal manganese (Mn) induces incurable neurotoxicity at elevated levels that manifests as parkinsonism in adults and fine motor and executive function deficits in children. Studies on Mn neurotoxicity have largely focused on the role and mechanisms of disease induced by elevated Mn exposure from occupational or environmental sources. In contrast, the critical role of excretion in regulating Mn homeostasis and neurotoxicity has received less attention although 1) studies on Mn excretion date back to the 1920s; 2) elegant radiotracer Mn excretion assays in the 1940s to 1960s established the routes of Mn excretion; and 3) studies on patients with liver cirrhosis in the 1990s to 2000s identified an association between decreased Mn excretion and the risk of developing Mn-induced parkinsonism in the absence of elevated Mn exposure. Notably, the last few years have seen renewed interest in Mn excretion largely driven by the discovery that hereditary Mn neurotoxicity due to mutations in SLC30A10 or SLC39A14 is caused, at least in part, by deficits in Mn excretion. Quite remarkably, some of the recent results on SLC30A10 and SLC39A14 provide explanations for observations made ∼40-50 years ago. The goal of the current review is to integrate the historic studies on Mn excretion with more contemporary recent work and provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art overview of Mn excretion and its role in regulating Mn homeostasis and neurotoxicity. A related goal is to discuss the significance of some of the foundational studies on Mn excretion so that these highly consequential earlier studies remain influential in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem C. Gurol
- 1Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Michael Aschner
- 2Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Donald R. Smith
- 3Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- 1Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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10
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW At elevated levels, the essential element manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic and increasing evidence indicates that environmental Mn exposure early in life negatively affects neurodevelopment. In this review, we describe how underlying genetics may confer susceptibility to elevated Mn concentrations and how the epigenetic effects of Mn may explain the association between Mn exposure early in life and its toxic effects later in life. RECENT FINDINGS Common polymorphisms in the Mn transporter genes SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 seem to have a large impact on intracellular Mn levels and, in turn, neurotoxicity. Genetic variation in iron regulatory genes may to lesser extent also influence Mn levels and toxicity. Recent studies on Mn and epigenetic mechanisms indicate that Mn-related changes in DNA methylation occur early in life. One human and two animal studies found persistent changes from in utero exposure to Mn but whether these changes have functional effects remains unknown. Genetics seems to play a major role in susceptibility to Mn toxicity and should therefore be considered in risk assessment. Mn appears to interfere with epigenetic processes, potentially leading to persistent changes in developmental programming, which warrants further study.
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11
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Up-regulation of the manganese transporter SLC30A10 by hypoxia-inducible factors defines a homeostatic response to manganese toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107673118. [PMID: 34446561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107673118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that induces incurable parkinsonism at elevated levels. However, unlike other essential metals, mechanisms that regulate mammalian Mn homeostasis are poorly understood, which has limited therapeutic development. Here, we discovered that the exposure of mice to a translationally relevant oral Mn regimen up-regulated expression of SLC30A10, a critical Mn efflux transporter, in the liver and intestines. Mechanistic studies in cell culture, including primary human hepatocytes, revealed that 1) elevated Mn transcriptionally up-regulated SLC30A10, 2) a hypoxia response element in the SLC30A10 promoter was necessary, 3) the transcriptional activities of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1 or HIF2 were required and sufficient for the SLC30A10 response, 4) elevated Mn activated HIF1/HIF2 by blocking the prolyl hydroxylation of HIF proteins necessary for their degradation, and 5) blocking the Mn-induced up-regulation of SLC30A10 increased intracellular Mn levels and enhanced Mn toxicity. Finally, prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors that stabilize HIF proteins and are in advanced clinical trials for other diseases reduced intracellular Mn levels and afforded cellular protection against Mn toxicity and also ameliorated the in vivo Mn-induced neuromotor deficits in mice. These findings define a fundamental homeostatic protective response to Mn toxicity-elevated Mn levels activate HIF1 and HIF2 to up-regulate SLC30A10, which in turn reduces cellular and organismal Mn levels, and further indicate that it may be possible to repurpose prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for the management of Mn neurotoxicity.
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12
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Lucchini RG, Guazzetti S, Renzetti S, Broberg K, Caci M, Covolo L, Crippa P, Gelatti U, Hashim D, Oppini M, Pepe F, Pilotto A, Passeri C, Placidi D, Rizzetti MC, Turla M, Wahlberg K, Padovani A. Metal Exposure and SNCA rs356219 Polymorphism Associated With Parkinson Disease and Parkinsonism. Front Neurol 2020; 11:556337. [PMID: 33362685 PMCID: PMC7755861 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.556337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In the province of Brescia, Italy, historical neurotoxic metal exposure has occurred for several decades. This study aimed to explore the role of metal exposure and genetics on Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Parkinsonism. Methods: Cases were enrolled from four local clinics for movement disorders. Randomly selected controls non-affected by neurological or psychiatric conditions were enrolled from the same health centers keeping a similar gender ratio and age distribution as for cases. Data on sociodemographic variables, clinical onset and life habits were collected besides accurate occupational and residential history. Blood samples were collected from all participants for genotyping of target polymorphisms in genes linked to PD and/or metal transport. Results: A total number of 432 cases and 444 controls were enrolled in the study, with average age of 71 years (72.2 for cases and 70 for controls). The average age at diagnosis was 65.9 years (SD 9.9). Among the potential risk factors, family history of PD or Parkinsonism showed the strongest association with the diseases (OR = 4.2, 95% CI 2.3, 7.6 on PD; OR = 4.3, 95% CI 1.9, 9.5 for Parkinsonism), followed by polymorphism rs356219 in the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.3, 3.3 for CC vs. TT on PD; OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.1, 5.3 for CC vs. TT on Parkinsonism), exposure to metals (OR = 2.4;, 95% CI 1.3, 4.2 on PD), being born in a farm (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1, 2.8 on PD; OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.4, 4.9 on Parkinsonism) and being born in the province of Brescia (OR = 1.7; 95% CI 1.0, 2.9 on PD). Conditional OR of having PD depending by SNCA polymorphism and metal exposure highlights higher risk of PD among CC SNCA carriers and being exposed to metals. However, the interaction term was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Lifetime exposure to metals and genetic variation in SNCA gene are relevant determinants of PD and Parkinsonism in the highly industrialized area of Brescia, Italy. The lack of evidence of statistical interaction between environmental and genetic factors may be due to the low frequencies of subjects representing the exposure categories and the polymorphism variants and does not rule out the biological interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto G. Lucchini
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Renzetti
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Margherita Caci
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Loredana Covolo
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Gelatti
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Dana Hashim
- Hematology & Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Manuela Oppini
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fulvio Pepe
- Neurology, Poliambulanza Foundation, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pilotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Parkinson Rehabilitation Center, Ospedale S. Isidoro - FERB Onlus, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Passeri
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maira Cristina Rizzetti
- Parkinson Rehabilitation Center, Ospedale S. Isidoro - FERB Onlus, Trescore Balneario, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Karin Wahlberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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13
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Does Manganese Contribute to Methamphetamine-Induced Psychosis? CURRENT EMERGENCY AND HOSPITAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40138-020-00221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Balachandran RC, Mukhopadhyay S, McBride D, Veevers J, Harrison FE, Aschner M, Haynes EN, Bowman AB. Brain manganese and the balance between essential roles and neurotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6312-6329. [PMID: 32188696 PMCID: PMC7212623 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.009453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for the normal development of many organs, including the brain. Although its roles as a cofactor in several enzymes and in maintaining optimal physiology are well-known, the overall biological functions of Mn are rather poorly understood. Alterations in body Mn status are associated with altered neuronal physiology and cognition in humans, and either overexposure or (more rarely) insufficiency can cause neurological dysfunction. The resultant balancing act can be viewed as a hormetic U-shaped relationship for biological Mn status and optimal brain health, with changes in the brain leading to physiological effects throughout the body and vice versa. This review discusses Mn homeostasis, biomarkers, molecular mechanisms of cellular transport, and neuropathological changes associated with disruptions of Mn homeostasis, especially in its excess, and identifies gaps in our understanding of the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying Mn homeostasis and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Danielle McBride
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Jennifer Veevers
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Erin N Haynes
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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15
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Mercadante CJ, Prajapati M, Conboy HL, Dash ME, Herrera C, Pettiglio MA, Cintron-Rivera L, Salesky MA, Rao DB, Bartnikas TB. Manganese transporter Slc30a10 controls physiological manganese excretion and toxicity. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:5442-5461. [PMID: 31527311 PMCID: PMC6877324 DOI: 10.1172/jci129710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential metal and nutrient, is toxic in excess. Toxicity classically results from inhalational exposures in individuals who work in industrial settings. The first known disease of inherited Mn excess, identified in 2012, is caused by mutations in the metal exporter SLC30A10 and is characterized by Mn excess, dystonia, cirrhosis, and polycythemia. To investigate the role of SLC30A10 in Mn homeostasis, we first generated whole-body Slc30a10-deficient mice, which developed severe Mn excess and impaired systemic and biliary Mn excretion. Slc30a10 localized to canalicular membranes of hepatocytes, but mice with liver Slc30a10 deficiency developed minimal Mn excess despite impaired biliary Mn excretion. Slc30a10 also localized to the apical membrane of enterocytes, but mice with Slc30a10 deficiency in small intestines developed minimal Mn excess despite impaired Mn export into the lumen of the small intestines. Finally, mice with Slc30a10 deficiency in liver and small intestines developed Mn excess that was less severe than that observed in mice with whole-body Slc30a10 deficiency, suggesting that additional sites of Slc30a10 expression contribute to Mn homeostasis. Overall, these results indicated that Slc30a10 is essential for Mn excretion by hepatocytes and enterocytes and could be an effective target for pharmacological intervention to treat Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J. Mercadante
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Milankumar Prajapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Heather L. Conboy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Miriam E. Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Carolina Herrera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael A. Pettiglio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Layra Cintron-Rivera
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Madeleine A. Salesky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Deepa B. Rao
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas B. Bartnikas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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16
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Alves-Bezerra M, Furey N, Johnson CG, Bissig KD. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to model human liver disease. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:392-402. [PMID: 32039390 PMCID: PMC7005665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing has revolutionised biomedical research. The ease of design has allowed many groups to apply this technology for disease modelling in animals. While the mouse remains the most commonly used organism for embryonic editing, CRISPR is now increasingly performed with high efficiency in other species. The liver is also amenable to somatic genome editing, and some delivery methods already allow for efficient editing in the whole liver. In this review, we describe CRISPR-edited animals developed for modelling a broad range of human liver disorders, such as acquired and inherited hepatic metabolic diseases and liver cancers. CRISPR has greatly expanded the repertoire of animal models available for the study of human liver disease, advancing our understanding of their pathophysiology and providing new opportunities to develop novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Alves-Bezerra
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center (STAR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nika Furey
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center (STAR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Collin G Johnson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center (STAR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karl-Dimiter Bissig
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center (STAR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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17
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Broberg K, Taj T, Guazzetti S, Peli M, Cagna G, Pineda D, Placidi D, Wright RO, Smith DR, Lucchini RG, Wahlberg K. Manganese transporter genetics and sex modify the association between environmental manganese exposure and neurobehavioral outcomes in children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104908. [PMID: 31233999 PMCID: PMC6682429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that environmental manganese (Mn) exposure early in life can have negative effects on children's neurodevelopment and increase the risk of behavioral problems, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Factors that may contribute to differences in sensitivity to Mn exposure are sex and genetic variation of proteins involved in the regulation of Mn concentrations. Here we investigate if sex and polymorphisms in Mn transporter genes SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 influence the association between Mn exposure and ADHD-related behavioral problems in children. The SNPs rs1776029 and rs12064812 in SLC30A10, and rs13107325 in SLC39A8 were genotyped by TaqMan PCR or pyrosequencing in a population of Italian children (aged 11-14 years; n = 645) with a wide range of environmental Mn exposure. Mn in surface soil was measured in situ using XRF technology or modeled by geospatial analysis. Linear regression models or generalized additive models (GAM) were used for analyzing associations between soil Mn and neurobehavioral problems assessed by the Conners' behavior rating scales (self-, and parent-reported). Gene-environment interactions (Mn transporter genotype x soil Mn) were evaluated using a genetic score in which genotypes for the three SNPs were combined based on their association with blood Mn, as an indication of their influence on Mn regulation. We observed differences in associations between soil Mn and neurobehavior between sexes. For several self-reported Conners' scales, girls showed U-shaped relationships with higher (worse) Conners' scoring at higher soil Mn levels, and several parent-reported scales showed positive linear relationships between increasing soil Mn and higher Conner's scores. For boys, we observed a positive linear relationship with soil Mn for one Conner's outcome only (hyperactivity, parent-reported). We also observed some interactions between soil Mn and the genetic score on Conner's scales in girls and girls with genotypes linked to high blood Mn showed particularly strong positive associations between soil Mn and parent-reported Conners' scales. Our results indicate that sex and polymorphisms in Mn transporter genes contribute to differences in sensitivity to Mn exposure from the environment and that girls that are genetically less efficient at regulating Mn, may be a particularly vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 21, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Tahir Taj
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marco Peli
- Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Daniela Pineda
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 21, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia, BS, Italy; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Karin Wahlberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 21, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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18
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Sachse B, Kolbaum AE, Ziegenhagen R, Andres S, Berg K, Dusemund B, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Kappenstein O, Müller F, Röhl C, Lindtner O, Lampen A, Schäfer B. Dietary Manganese Exposure in the Adult Population in Germany-What Does it Mean in Relation to Health Risks? Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900065. [PMID: 31216097 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Manganese is both an essential nutrient and a potential neurotoxicant. Therefore, the question arises whether the dietary manganese intake in the German population is on the low or high side. Results from a pilot total diet study in Germany presented here reveal that the average dietary manganese intake in the general population in Germany aged 14-80 years is about 2.8 mg day-1 for a person of 70 kg body weight. This exposure level is within the intake range of 2-5 mg per person and day as recommended by the societies for nutrition in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. No information on the dietary exposure of children in Germany can be provided so far. Although reliable information on health effects related to oral manganese exposure is limited, there is no indication from the literature that these dietary intake levels are associated with adverse health effects either by manganese deficiency or excess. However, there is limited evidence that manganese taken up as a highly bioavailable bolus, for example, uptake via drinking water or food supplements, could pose a potential risk to human health-particularly in certain subpopulations-when certain intake amounts, which are currently not well defined, are exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sachse
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Elena Kolbaum
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Exposure, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Ziegenhagen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Andres
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Berg
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Exposure, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Dusemund
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Ildico Hirsch-Ernst
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Kappenstein
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederic Müller
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemicals and Product Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Röhl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany.,State Agency for Social Services Schleswig-Holstein (LAsD), Department of Environmental Health Protection, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Lindtner
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Exposure, 12277, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Food Safety, 10589, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Guilarte TR, Yeh CL, McGlothan JL, Perez J, Finley P, Zhou Y, Wong DF, Dydak U, Schneider JS. PET imaging of dopamine release in the frontal cortex of manganese-exposed non-human primates. J Neurochem 2019; 150:188-201. [PMID: 30720866 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans and non-human primates exposed to excess levels of manganese (Mn) exhibit deficits in working memory and attention. Frontal cortex and fronto-striatal networks are implicated in working memory and these circuits rely on dopamine for optimal performance. Here, we aimed to determine if chronic Mn exposure alters in vivo dopamine release (DAR) in the frontal cortex of non-human primates. We used [11 C]-FLB457 positron emission tomography with amphetamine challenge to measure DAR in Cynomolgus macaques. Animals received [11 C]-FLB457 positron emission tomography scans with and without amphetamine challenge prior to Mn exposure (baseline), at different time points during the Mn exposure period, and after 10 months of Mn exposure cessation. Four of six Mn-exposed animals expressed significant impairment of frontal cortex in vivo DAR relative to baseline. One Mn animal had no change in DAR and another Mn animal expressed increased DAR relative to baseline. In the reversal studies, one Mn-exposed animal exhibited complete recovery of DAR while the second animal had partial recovery. In both animals, frontal cortex Mn concentrations normalized after 10 months of exposure cessation based on T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. D1-dopamine receptor (D1R) autoradiography in frontal cortex tissue indicates that Mn animals that experienced cessation of Mn exposure expressed D1R levels that were approximately 50% lower than Mn animals that did not experience cessation of Mn exposure or control animals. The present study provides evidence of Mn-induced alterations in frontal cortex DAR and D1R that may be associated with working memory and attention deficits observed in Mn-exposed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas R Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chien-Lin Yeh
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer L McGlothan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Juan Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paige Finley
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jay S Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Wahlberg KE, Guazzetti S, Pineda D, Larsson SC, Fedrighi C, Cagna G, Zoni S, Placidi D, Wright RO, Smith DR, Lucchini RG, Broberg K. Polymorphisms in Manganese Transporters SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 Are Associated With Children's Neurodevelopment by Influencing Manganese Homeostasis. Front Genet 2018; 9:664. [PMID: 30619481 PMCID: PMC6307466 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Manganese (Mn) is an essential element but at excessive levels, it is neurotoxic. Even a moderate increase in Mn has been suggested to interfere with neurodevelopment in children. Genetics influencing Mn concentrations and toxicity is unclear. Objective: We assessed, in a cross-sectional study, whether common single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the Mn transporters SLC39A8 (influx) and SLC30A10 (efflux) are associated with neurodevelopment in children. Design: We genotyped SLC39A8 (rs13107325 C/T) and SLC30A10 (rs1776029 G/A and rs12064812 T/C) in Italian children (n = 686, ages 11–14). We then used linear regression models to analyze associations between genotype, blood Mn concentrations, and neurodevelopmental outcomes including intelligence, behavior, motor function, and sway. Inferred causal relationships were evaluated using instrumental variables (IV) analysis. Results: For SLC30A10 rs1776029, the minor allele (A) was associated with increased average blood Mn of 41% (p < 0.001), whereas minor alleles for rs12064812 (C) and rs13107325 (T) were associated with reduced blood Mn of 7% (p = 0.002) and 15% (p < 0.001), respectively. For children carrying genotypes associated with high blood Mn, we observed lower performance for certain IQ subtests, increased sway, and increased scores for behavioral problems. High Mn genotypes showed odds ratios of 2–4 (p ≤ 0.01) for high scores in tests assessing ADHD-related behavior. IV analyses suggested that several of the associations were mediated by blood Mn. Conclusions: Our results suggest that common polymorphisms in SLC39A8 and SLC30A10 influence neurodevelopmental outcomes in children via differences in Mn homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin E Wahlberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Daniela Pineda
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Donald R Smith
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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21
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Taylor CA, Hutchens S, Liu C, Jursa T, Shawlot W, Aschner M, Smith DR, Mukhopadhyay S. SLC30A10 transporter in the digestive system regulates brain manganese under basal conditions while brain SLC30A10 protects against neurotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:1860-1876. [PMID: 30559290 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential metal manganese becomes neurotoxic at elevated levels. Yet, the mechanisms by which brain manganese homeostasis is regulated are unclear. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A10, a cell surface-localized manganese efflux transporter in the brain and liver, induce familial manganese neurotoxicity. To elucidate the role of SLC30A10 in regulating brain manganese, we compared the phenotypes of whole-body and tissue-specific Slc30a10 knockout mice. Surprisingly, unlike whole-body knockouts, brain manganese levels were unaltered in pan-neuronal/glial Slc30a10 knockouts under basal physiological conditions. Further, although transport into bile is a major route of manganese excretion, manganese levels in the brain, blood, and liver of liver-specific Slc30a10 knockouts were only minimally elevated, suggesting that another organ compensated for loss-of-function in the liver. Additional assays revealed that SLC30A10 was also expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. In differentiated enterocytes, SLC30A10 localized to the apical/luminal domain and transported intracellular manganese to the lumen. Importantly, endoderm-specific knockouts, lacking SLC30A10 in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, had markedly elevated manganese levels in the brain, blood, and liver. Thus, under basal physiological conditions, brain manganese is regulated by activity of SLC30A10 in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, and not the brain or just the liver. Notably, however, brain manganese levels of endoderm-specific knockouts were lower than whole-body knockouts, and only whole-body knockouts exhibited manganese-induced neurobehavioral defects. Moreover, after elevated exposure, pan-neuronal/glial knockouts had higher manganese levels in the basal ganglia and thalamus than controls. Therefore, when manganese levels increase, activity of SLC30A10 in the brain protects against neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherish A Taylor
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience and
| | - Steven Hutchens
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience and
| | - Chunyi Liu
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience and
| | - Thomas Jursa
- the Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, and
| | - William Shawlot
- the Mouse Genetic Engineering Facility, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Michael Aschner
- the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Donald R Smith
- the Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, and
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience and
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22
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Thompson KJ, Hein J, Baez A, Sosa JC, Wessling-Resnick M. Manganese transport and toxicity in polarized WIF-B hepatocytes. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 315:G351-G363. [PMID: 29792530 PMCID: PMC6335010 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00103.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) toxicity arises from nutritional problems, community and occupational exposures, and genetic risks. Mn blood levels are controlled by hepatobiliary clearance. The goals of this study were to determine the cellular distribution of Mn transporters in polarized hepatocytes, to establish an in vitro assay for hepatocyte Mn efflux, and to examine possible roles the Mn transporters would play in metal import and export. For these experiments, hepatocytoma WIF-B cells were grown for 12-14 days to achieve maximal polarity. Immunoblots showed that Mn transporters ZIP8, ZnT10, ferroportin (Fpn), and ZIP14 were present. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy localized Fpn and ZIP14 to WIF-B cell basolateral domains whereas ZnT10 and ZIP8 associated with intracellular vesicular compartments. ZIP8-positive structures were distributed uniformly throughout the cytoplasm, but ZnT10-positive vesicles were adjacent to apical bile compartments. WIF-B cells were sensitive to Mn toxicity, showing decreased viability after 16 h exposure to >250 μM MnCl2. However, the hepatocytes were resistant to 4-h exposures of up to 500 μM MnCl2 despite 50-fold increased Mn content. Washout experiments showed time-dependent efflux with 80% Mn released after a 4 h chase period. Hepcidin reduced levels of Fpn in WIF-B cells, clearing Fpn from the cell surface, but Mn efflux was unaffected. The secretory inhibitor, brefeldin A, did block release of Mn from WIF-B cells, suggesting vesicle fusion may be involved in export. These results point to a possible role of ZnT10 to import Mn into vesicles that subsequently fuse with the apical membrane and empty their contents into bile. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Polarized WIF-B hepatocytes express manganese (Mn) transporters ZIP8, ZnT10, ferroportin (Fpn), and ZIP14. Fpn and ZIP14 localize to basolateral domains. ZnT10-positive vesicles were adjacent to apical bile compartments, and ZIP8-positive vesicles were distributed uniformly throughout the cytoplasm. WIF-B hepatocyte Mn export was resistant to hepcidin but inhibited by brefeldin A, pointing to an efflux mechanism involving ZnT10-mediated uptake of Mn into vesicles that subsequently fuse with and empty their contents across the apical bile canalicular membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khristy J. Thompson
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Hein
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Baez
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jose Carlo Sosa
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marianne Wessling-Resnick
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Wahlberg K, Love TM, Pineda D, Engström K, Watson GE, Thurston SW, Yeates AJ, Mulhern MS, McSorley EM, Strain JJ, Smith TH, Davidson PW, Shamlaye CF, Myers GJ, Rand MD, van Wijngaarden E, Broberg K. Maternal polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes are associated with maternal mercury concentrations and early child neurodevelopment in a population with a fish-rich diet. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 115:142-149. [PMID: 29573653 PMCID: PMC5970067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glutathione (GSH) pathways play a key role the metabolism and elimination of the neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg). We hypothesized that maternal genetic variation linked to GSH pathways could influence MeHg concentrations in pregnant mothers and children and thereby also affect early life development. METHODS The GCLM (rs41303970, C/T), GCLC (rs761142, T/G) and GSTP1 (rs1695, A/G) polymorphisms were genotyped in 1449 mothers in a prospective study of the Seychellois population with a diet rich in fish. Genotypes were analyzed in association with maternal hair and blood Hg, fetal blood Hg (cord blood Hg), as well as children's mental (MDI) and motor development (PDI; MDI and PDI assessed by Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 20 months). We also examined whether genotypes modified the association between Hg exposure and developmental outcomes. RESULTS GCLC rs761142 TT homozygotes showed statistically higher mean maternal hair Hg (4.12 ppm) than G carriers (AG 3.73 and GG 3.52 ppm) (p = 0.037). For the combination of GCLC rs761142 and GCLM rs41303970, double homozygotes TT + CC showed higher hair Hg (4.40 ppm) than G + T carriers (3.44 ppm; p = 0.018). No associations were observed between GSTP1 rs1695 and maternal hair Hg or between any genotypes and maternal blood Hg or cord blood Hg. The maternal GSTP1 rs1695 rare allele (G) was associated with a lower MDI among children (β = -1.48, p = 0.048). We also observed some interactions: increasing Hg in maternal and cord blood was associated with lower PDI among GCLC rs761142 TT carriers; and increasing Hg in hair was associated with lower MDI among GSTP1 rs1695 GG carriers. CONCLUSIONS Maternal genetic variation in genes involved in GSH synthesis is statistically associated with Hg concentrations in maternal hair, but not in maternal or fetal blood. We observed interactions that suggest maternal GSH genetics may modify associations between MeHg exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wahlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tanzy M Love
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniela Pineda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gene E Watson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sally W Thurston
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alison J Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - Emeir M McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Co. Londonderry, UK
| | - Tristram H Smith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Philip W Davidson
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - G J Myers
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Matthew D Rand
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Karin Broberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, 22185 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Metals and Health, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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24
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Ge X, Wang F, Zhong Y, Lv Y, Jiang C, Zhou Y, Li D, Xia B, Su C, Cheng H, Ma Y, Xiong F, Shen Y, Zou Y, Yang X. Manganese in blood cells as an exposure biomarker in manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 45:41-47. [PMID: 29173481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Elevated exposure to manganese (Mn) has long been a public health concern. However, there is currently no consensus on the best exposure biomarker. Here we aimed to investigate the exposomic characteristics of plasma metals among Mn-exposed workers and explore the potential biomarkers of Mn exposure in the blood pool. First, total sixteen plasma metals (Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Manganese, Nickel, Molybdenum, Cadmium, Mercury, Thallium, and Cobalt) were determined among 40 occupationally Mn-exposed subjects. Second, Mn levels in both plasma and blood cells were detected among 234 workers from the manganese-exposed workers healthy cohort (MEWHC), respectively. Analysis of plasma metal exposome showed that the plasma Mn concentrations were positively correlated to plasma Fe (r=0.361), Ni (r=0.363), Cr (r=0.486), and Hg (r=0.313) (all p<0.05). Mn concentrations in plasma were not significantly correlated to external exposure levels (ptrend=0.200), and it was further confirmed among the 234 subjects (ptrend=0.452). However, Mn concentrations in blood cells progressively increased as the external exposure dose increased (low-exposure group vs high-exposure group, median 11.53μg/L vs 20.41μg/L, ptrend=0.001). Our results suggest that Mn in blood cells, but not plasma, could serve as a potential internal exposure biomarker. Larger validation studies are needed to establish the utility of this biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ge
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yaoqiu Zhong
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yingnan Lv
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yanting Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Cheng Su
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuefei Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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25
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Bauer JA, Claus Henn B, Austin C, Zoni S, Fedrighi C, Cagna G, Placidi D, White RF, Yang Q, Coull BA, Smith D, Lucchini RG, Wright RO, Arora M. Manganese in teeth and neurobehavior: Sex-specific windows of susceptibility. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 108:299-308. [PMID: 28941415 PMCID: PMC5679133 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is an essential element required for growth and development, but higher body burdens have been associated with neurobehavioral decrements in children. OBJECTIVES We examined whether prenatal or postnatal Mn measured in deciduous teeth was associated with scores on a test of visuospatial learning and memory. METHODS Deciduous teeth were collected from 142 participants (ages 10-14years) residing near varied ferro‑manganese industry in Italy. Mn concentrations were measured in prenatal and postnatal tooth regions by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Virtual Radial Arm Maze (VRAM), an animal-human analogue task, was used to assess visuospatial learning and memory. We used generalized additive, linear and zero-inflated Poisson mixed regression models to estimate associations between prenatal or postnatal Mn concentrations and repeated measures of all four VRAM outcomes: time, distance, working and reference memory errors. Effect measure modification by sex was examined in stratified models. RESULTS U-shaped associations between prenatal Mn and VRAM outcomes were observed among girls only (pGAMM=0.001 to 0.02 in stratified models). Compared to the mid-tertile of prenatal Mn, girls in the highest tertile took 7.7s [95% CI: -6.1, 21.5] longer to complete the task, traveled 2.3 maze units [0.1, 4.4] farther, and committed more working and reference memory errors (β for count ratio=1.33 [1.01, 1.83]; 1.10 [0.98, 1.24], respectively). This association was not observed among boys. In contrast, for postnatal Mn, no significant associations were found, and patterns were similar for boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS The prenatal period may be a critical window for the impact of environmental Mn on visuospatial ability and executive function, especially for females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Anglen Bauer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Silvia Zoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fedrighi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Cagna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Donatella Placidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta F White
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Wahlberg K, Arora M, Curtin A, Curtin P, Wright RO, Smith DR, Lucchini RG, Broberg K, Austin C. Polymorphisms in manganese transporters show developmental stage and sex specific associations with manganese concentrations in primary teeth. Neurotoxicology 2017; 64:103-109. [PMID: 28917719 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that can become neurotoxic at elevated levels with negative consequences on neurodevelopment. We have evaluated the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Mn transporter genes SLC30A10 and SLC39A8 on Mn concentrations in dentine, a validated biomarker that reflects Mn tissue concentrations early in life. METHODS The study included 195 children with variable environmental Mn exposure. Mn concentrations in dentine representing fetal, early postnatal and early childhood developmental periods were measured using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. SLC30A10 rs12064812 (T/C) and SLC39A8 rs13107325 (C/T) were genotyped by TaqMan real time PCR and SLC30A10 rs1776029 (G/A) by pyrosequencing; and SNPs were analyzed in association with Mn in dentine. RESULTS SLC39A8 rs13107325 rare allele (T) carriers had significantly higher Mn concentrations in postnatal dentine (110%, p=0.008). For all SNPs we also observed non-significant associations with Mn concentrations in dentine in opposite directions for fetal and early postnatal periods. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the influence of SLC30A10 rs1776929 genotypes on Mn concentrations in dentine between sexes. DISCUSSION The findings from this study indicate that common SNPs in Mn transporters influence Mn homeostasis in early development and may therefore be important to consider in future studies of early life Mn exposure and health effects. Our results also suggest that the influence of these transporters on Mn regulation may differ by developmental stage, as well as between girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wahlberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 21, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Manish Arora
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Austen Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Paul Curtin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
| | - Donald R Smith
- Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, 156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Roberto G Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA; Occupational Health Institute, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123 Brescia BS, Italy
| | - Karin Broberg
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 21, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
| | - Christine Austin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-5674, USA
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27
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Familial manganese-induced neurotoxicity due to mutations in SLC30A10 or SLC39A14. Neurotoxicology 2017; 64:278-283. [PMID: 28789954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, two rare, familial diseases that lead to the onset of manganese (Mn)-induced neurotoxicity have been discovered. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A10, a Mn efflux transporter, or SLC39A14, a Mn influx transporter, increase Mn levels in blood and brain, and induce severe neurotoxicity. The discoveries of these genetic diseases have transformed our understanding of Mn homeostasis, detoxification, and neurotoxicity. Current knowledge about the mechanisms by which mutations in these transporters alter Mn homeostasis to induce human disease is reviewed here.
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28
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Zebrafish slc30a10 deficiency revealed a novel compensatory mechanism of Atp2c1 in maintaining manganese homeostasis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006892. [PMID: 28692648 PMCID: PMC5524415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies found that mutations in the human SLC30A10 gene, which encodes a manganese (Mn) efflux transporter, are associated with hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis (HMDPC). However, the relationship between Mn metabolism and HMDPC is poorly understood, and no specific treatments are available for this disorder. Here, we generated two zebrafish slc30a10 mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Compared to wild-type animals, mutant adult animals developed significantly higher systemic Mn levels, and Mn accumulated in the brain and liver of mutant embryos in response to exogenous Mn. Interestingly, slc30a10 mutants developed neurological deficits in adulthood, as well as environmental Mn-induced manganism in the embryonic stage; moreover, mutant animals had impaired dopaminergic and GABAergic signaling. Finally, mutant animals developed steatosis, liver fibrosis, and polycythemia accompanied by increased epo expression. This phenotype was rescued partially by EDTA- CaNa2 chelation therapy and iron supplementation. Interestingly, prior to the onset of slc30a10 expression, expressing ATP2C1 (ATPase secretory pathway Ca2+ transporting 1) protected mutant embryos from Mn exposure, suggesting a compensatory role for Atp2c1 in the absence of Slc30a10. Notably, expressing either wild-type or mutant forms of SLC30A10 was sufficient to inhibit the effect of ATP2C1 in response to Mn challenge in both zebrafish embryos and HeLa cells. These findings suggest that either activating ATP2C1 or restoring the Mn-induced trafficking of ATP2C1 can reduce Mn accumulation, providing a possible target for treating HMDPC. Impaired function of the manganese transporter SLC30A10 has been implicated in HMDPC (hypermanganesemia with dystonia, polycythemia, and cirrhosis), an early-onset metabolic disorder clinically characterized by increased systemic Mn levels, neurological impairment, polycythemia, and hepatic injury. No specific treatment is currently available for HMDPC. Moreover, the mechanisms that underlie Mn metabolism are poorly understood, thereby hindering the development of effective treatments. To investigate the physiological processes underlying Mn metabolism and to develop new disease models of HMDPC, we generated two zebrafish slc30a10 mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that these mutants develop clinical deficits typically associated with HMDPC. Furthermore, we identified a putative compensatory role for ATP2C1 in the absence of SLC30A10 with respect to modulating Mn metabolism. These findings provide a valuable tool for investigating the role of manganese dysregulation in neurological degenerative diseases and which can be used to develop new pharmacological approaches for managing Mn accumulation.
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29
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Pfalzer AC, Bowman AB. Relationships Between Essential Manganese Biology and Manganese Toxicity in Neurological Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:223-228. [PMID: 28417441 PMCID: PMC5515274 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Manganese (Mn) is critical for neurodevelopment but also has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases. We discuss how Mn requirements intersect with Mn biology and toxicity, and how these requirements may be altered in neurological disease. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging evidence that the level of Mn associated with optimal overall efficiency for Mn biology does not necessarily coincide with optimal cognitive outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have linked Mn exposures with urea cycle metabolism and autophagy, with evidence that exposures typically neurotoxic may be able to correct deficiencies in these processes at least short term. The line between Mn-dependent biology and toxicity is thus blurred. Further, new work suggests that Mn exposures correlating to optimal cognitive scores in children are associated with cognitive decline in adults. This review explores relationships between Mn-dependent neurobiology and Mn-dependent neurotoxicity. We propose the hypothesis that Mn levels/exposures that are toxic to some biological processes are beneficial for other biological processes and influenced by developmental stage and disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Pfalzer
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Kennedy Center for Research and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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30
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Abstract
While the neurotoxic effects of manganese were recognized in 1837, the first genetic disorder of manganese metabolism was described only in 2012 when homozygous mutations in SLC30A10 were reported to cause manganese-induced neurotoxicity. Two other genetic disorders of manganese metabolism have now been described - mutations in SLC39A14 cause manganese toxicity, while mutations in SLC39A8 cause manganese and zinc deficiency. Study of rare genetic disorders often provides unique insights into disease pathobiology, and the discoveries of these three inherited disorders of manganese metabolism are already transforming our understanding of manganese homeostasis, detoxification, and neurotoxicity. Here, we review the mechanisms by which mutations in SLC30A10, SLC39A14, and SLC39A8 impact manganese homeostasis to cause human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Zogzas
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 3.510E BME, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy; Institute for Cellular & Molecular Biology; and Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 3.510E BME, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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31
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Zogzas CE, Aschner M, Mukhopadhyay S. Structural Elements in the Transmembrane and Cytoplasmic Domains of the Metal Transporter SLC30A10 Are Required for Its Manganese Efflux Activity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:15940-57. [PMID: 27307044 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.726935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous mutations in SLC30A10 lead to the development of familial manganese-induced parkinsonism. We previously demonstrated that SLC30A10 is a cell surface-localized manganese efflux transporter, and parkinsonism-causing mutations block its trafficking and efflux activity. Interestingly, other transporters in the SLC30 family mediate zinc efflux. Determining the mechanisms that allow SLC30A10 to transport manganese, which are unclear, is essential to understand its role in parkinsonism. Here, we generated a predicted structure of SLC30A10, based on the structure of the bacterial zinc transporter YiiP, and performed functional studies. In YiiP, side chains of residues Asp-45 and Asp-49 in the second and His-153 and Asp-157 in the fifth transmembrane segments coordinate zinc and are required for transport. In SLC30A10, the corresponding residues are Asn-43 and Asp-47 in the second and His-244 and Asp-248 in the fifth transmembrane segments. Surprisingly, although alanine substitution of Asp-248 abolished manganese efflux, that of Asn-43 and Asp-47 did not. Instead, side chains of charged or polar residues adjacent to Asp-248 in the first (Glu-25) or fourth (Asn-127) transmembrane segments were required. Further analyses revealed that residues His-333 and His-350 in the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain were required for full activity. However, the C-terminal domain failed to transfer manganese transport capability to a related zinc transporter. Overall, our results indicate that residues in the transmembrane and C-terminal domains together confer optimal manganese transport capability to SLC30A10 and suggest that the mechanism of ion coordination in the transmembrane domain of SLC30A10 may be substantially different from that in YiiP/other SLC30 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Zogzas
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 and
| | - Michael Aschner
- the Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Somshuvra Mukhopadhyay
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 and
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32
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Tuschl K, Meyer E, Valdivia LE, Zhao N, Dadswell C, Abdul-Sada A, Hung CY, Simpson MA, Chong WK, Jacques TS, Woltjer RL, Eaton S, Gregory A, Sanford L, Kara E, Houlden H, Cuno SM, Prokisch H, Valletta L, Tiranti V, Younis R, Maher ER, Spencer J, Straatman-Iwanowska A, Gissen P, Selim LAM, Pintos-Morell G, Coroleu-Lletget W, Mohammad SS, Yoganathan S, Dale RC, Thomas M, Rihel J, Bodamer OA, Enns CA, Hayflick SJ, Clayton PT, Mills PB, Kurian MA, Wilson SW. Mutations in SLC39A14 disrupt manganese homeostasis and cause childhood-onset parkinsonism-dystonia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11601. [PMID: 27231142 PMCID: PMC4894980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although manganese is an essential trace metal, little is known about its transport and homeostatic regulation. Here we have identified a cohort of patients with a novel autosomal recessive manganese transporter defect caused by mutations in SLC39A14. Excessive accumulation of manganese in these patients results in rapidly progressive childhood-onset parkinsonism-dystonia with distinctive brain magnetic resonance imaging appearances and neurodegenerative features on post-mortem examination. We show that mutations in SLC39A14 impair manganese transport in vitro and lead to manganese dyshomeostasis and altered locomotor activity in zebrafish with CRISPR-induced slc39a14 null mutations. Chelation with disodium calcium edetate lowers blood manganese levels in patients and can lead to striking clinical improvement. Our results demonstrate that SLC39A14 functions as a pivotal manganese transporter in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tuschl
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Esther Meyer
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Leonardo E Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health &Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Chris Dadswell
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Alaa Abdul-Sada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Christina Y Hung
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - W K Chong
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Randy L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Allison Gregory
- Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Lynn Sanford
- Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Eleanna Kara
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Stephan M Cuno
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Lorella Valletta
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS, Foundation Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS, Foundation Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Rasha Younis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Ania Straatman-Iwanowska
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Laila A M Selim
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo 11432, Egypt
| | - Guillem Pintos-Morell
- Department of Paediatrics, Section of Paediatric Nephrology, Genetics and Metabolism, Unit of Rare Diseases, University Hospital 'Germans Trias I Pujol', Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Wifredo Coroleu-Lletget
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Neurology and Neonatology Unit, University Hospital 'Germans Trias I Pujol', Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sangeetha Yoganathan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore 632 004, India
| | - Russell C Dale
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Maya Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore 632 004, India
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Olaf A Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Caroline A Enns
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health &Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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