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Huang R, Huang CH, Chen J, Yan ZY, Tang M, Shao J, Cai K, Zhu BZ. Unprecedented enantio-selective live-cell mitochondrial DNA super-resolution imaging and photo-sensitizing by the chiral ruthenium polypyridyl DNA "light-switch". Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11981-11998. [PMID: 37933856 PMCID: PMC10711558 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is known to play a critical role in cellular functions. However, the fluorescent probe enantio-selectively targeting live-cell mtDNA is rare. We recently found that the well-known DNA 'light-switch' [Ru(phen)2dppz]Cl2 can image nuclear DNA in live-cells with chlorophenolic counter-anions via forming lipophilic ion-pairing complex. Interestingly, after washing with fresh-medium, [Ru(phen)2dppz]Cl2 was found to re-localize from nucleus to mitochondria via ABC transporter proteins. Intriguingly, the two enantiomers of [Ru(phen)2dppz]Cl2 were found to bind enantio-selectively with mtDNA in live-cells not only by super-resolution optical microscopy techniques (SIM, STED), but also by biochemical methods (mitochondrial membrane staining with Tomo20-dronpa). Using [Ru(phen)2dppz]Cl2 as the new mtDNA probe, we further found that each mitochondrion containing 1-8 mtDNA molecules are distributed throughout the entire mitochondrial matrix, and there are more nucleoids near nucleus. More interestingly, we found enantio-selective apoptotic cell death was induced by the two enantiomers by prolonged visible light irradiation, and in-situ self-monitoring apoptosis process can be achieved by using the unique 'photo-triggered nuclear translocation' property of the Ru complex. This is the first report on enantio-selective targeting and super-resolution imaging of live-cell mtDNA by a chiral Ru complex via formation and dissociation of ion-pairing complex with suitable counter-anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhu-Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Miao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
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Shen C, Sheng ZG, Shao J, Tang M, Mao L, Huang CH, Zhang ZH, Zhu BZ. Mechanistic investigation of the differential synergistic neurotoxicity between pesticide metam sodium and copper or zinc. Chemosphere 2023; 328:138430. [PMID: 36963585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest neurological disorders have been associated with the co-exposure to certain pesticides and transition metals. The present study aims to investigate whether co-exposure to the widely-used pesticide metam sodium and copper (Cu2+) or zinc ion (Zn2+) is able to cause synergistic neurotoxicity in neural PC12 cells and its possible mechanism(s). We found that both metam/Cu2+ and metam/Zn2+ synergistically induced apoptosis, intracellular Cu2+/Zn2+ uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, double-strand DNA breakage, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, and nerve function disorder. In addition, metam/Cu2+ was shown to release cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively, and activate the caspase 9, 8, 3, 7. However, metam/Zn2+ induced caspase 7 activation and AIF translocation and mildly activated cytochrome c/caspase 9/caspase 3 pathway. Furthermore, metam/Cu2+ activated caspase 3/7 by the p38 pathway, whereas metam/Zn2+ did so via both the p38 and JNK pathways. These results demonstrated that metam/Cu2+ or metam/Zn2+ co-exposure cause synergistic neurotoxicity via different mechanisms, indicating a potential risk to human health when they environmentally co-exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Miao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Joint Institute for Environmental Science, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences and Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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Shao J, Yan ZY, Tang M, Huang CH, Sheng ZG, Chen J, Shao B, Zhu BZ. Potent oxidation of DNA by Ru(ii) tri(polypyridyl) complexes under visible light irradiation via a singlet oxygen-mediated mechanism. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01518k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The irradiation of Ru(ii) tri(polypridyl) complexes with visible light can induce potent oxidation of DNA mediated by 1O2via a type II photosensitization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Zhu-Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Miao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Zhi-Guo Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology
- Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- PR China
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Qin L, Huang CH, Mao L, Shao B, Zhu BZ. First unequivocal identification of the critical acyl radicals from the anti-tuberculosis drug isoniazid and its hydrazide analogs by complementary applications of ESR spin-trapping and HPLC/MS methods. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 154:1-8. [PMID: 32360612 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The carbon-centered isonicotinic acyl radical of isoniazid (INH), a widely-used frontline anti-tuberculosis drug, has been considered to play a critical role in inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but not fully identified. Here we show that this radical intermediate can be unequivocally characterized by complementary applications of ESR spin-trapping and HPLC/MS methods by employing N-tert-butyl-α-phenylnitrone (PBN) as the suitable spin-trapping agent, which can form the most stable radical adduct. More importantly, for the first time, analogous carbon-centered acyl radicals and their respective NAD+ adducts have also been detected and identified from its two isomers (nicotinic acid hydrazide and 2-pyridinecarbohydrazide) and benzhydrazide which are structurally-related to INH, but not by 2-chloroisonicotinohydrazide. This study represents the first unequivocal identification of the carbon-centered acyl radicals of INH and other hydrazide analogs by both ESR spin-trapping and HPLC/MS methods, which may have broad biomedical and toxicological significance for future research for more efficient hydrazide anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, PR China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Joint Institute for Environmental Science, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences and Hong Kong Baptist University, Beijing/Hong Kong, PR China.
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Huang R, Feng FP, Huang CH, Mao L, Tang M, Yan ZY, Shao B, Qin L, Xu T, Xue YH, Zhu BZ. Chiral Os(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as Enantioselective Nuclear DNA Imaging Agents Especially Suitable for Correlative High-Resolution Light and Electron Microscopy Studies. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:3465-3473. [PMID: 31913004 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The high-resolution technique transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with OsO4 as the traditional fixative, is an essential tool for cell biology and medicine. Although OsO4 has been extensively used, it is far from perfect because of its high volatility and toxicity. Os(II) polypyridyl complexes like [Os(phen)2(dppz)]2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; dppz = dipyridophenazine) are not only the well-known molecular DNA "light-switches" but also the potential ideal candidates for TEM studies. Here, we report that the cell-impermeable cationic [Os(phen)2(dppz)]2+ can be preferentially delivered into the live-cell nucleus through ion-pairing with chlorophenolate counter-anions, where it functions as an unparalleled enantioselective nuclear DNA imaging reagent especially suitable for correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) studies in both living and fixed cells, which can clearly visualize chromosome aggregation and decondensation during mitosis simultaneously. We propose that the chiral Os(II) polypyridyl complexes can be used as a distinctive group of enantioselective high-resolution CLEM imaging probes for live-cell nuclear DNA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Feng-Ping Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Chun-Hua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Miao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zhu-Ying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Bo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Yan-Hong Xue
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China
| | - Ben-Zhan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
- Joint Institute for Environmental Science , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences and Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon 999077 , Hong Kong
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