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Mondal P, Lopez SP, Khokhar A, Snyder D, Kitch D, Veten A. The influence of body mass index on airway resistance in children with sickle cell disease: A longitudinal study based on impulse oscillometry. Respir Med 2024; 224:107564. [PMID: 38360190 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an effective tool for assessing airway mechanics and diagnosing obstructive airway disease (OAD) in children with sickle cell disease (C-SCD). Obesity is known to be associated with OAD, and untreated OAD often leads to hypoxia-related complications in C-SCD. Considering the increasing prevalence of obesity in C-SCD, it is important to explore the influence of body mass index (BMI) on OAD in this disease population. METHODS A longitudinal retrospective chart review was conducted on 55 C-SCD (161 IOS observations) and 35 non-SCD asthmatic children (C-Asthma) (58 observations), primarily to investigate the association between BMI and airway resistance in C-SCD and C-Asthma. We conducted generalized linear mixed models (GLMM), adjusted for pharmacotherapies, to demonstrate the influence of BMI on total (R5), central (R20), and peripheral (R5-20) airway resistance and reactance (X5, resonant frequency (Fres)). We further compared age, BMI, and IOS indices between C-SCD and C-Asthma using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Age and BMI were not statistically different between the two groups. In C-SCD, BMI was associated with R5 (GLMM t-statistics:3.75, 95%CI:1.01,3.27, p-value<0.001*) and R20 (t-statistics:4.01, 95%CI:1.04,1.15, p-value<0.001*), but not with R5-20 or airway reactance. In asthmatics, BMI was not associated with IOS estimates except Fres (t-statistics: 3.93, 95%CI: -0.06, -0.02, p-value<0.001*). C-SCD demonstrated higher airway resistances (R5 and R20) and reactance (Fres) compared to C-Asthma (Mann-Whitney: p-values<0.05). CONCLUSION BMI significantly influenced total and central airway resistance in C-SCD. While higher airway resistances reflected increased OAD in C-SCD than asthmatics, higher Fres perhaps indicated progressive pulmonary involvement in C-SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritish Mondal
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | | | - Arshjot Khokhar
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Diane Kitch
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Veten
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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Adigwe OP, Onavbavba G, Onoja SO. Impact of Sickle Cell Disease on Affected Individuals in Nigeria: A Critical Review. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3503-3515. [PMID: 37601802 PMCID: PMC10438428 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s410015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder of the beta-globin gene, with resultant deformation of the red blood cells and variable clinical outcomes. Nigeria is recognised as the country with the highest burden of sickle cell disease globally. This study aimed at critically reviewing available literature on impact of sickle cell disease in Nigeria. A literature search was carried out on four databases, and a total of 116 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included in the critical review. It was observed that majority of the studies were carried out in South-Western part of Nigeria (47.4%), whilst the North-East had the least number of studies undertaken in this area, more than a quarter of the studies (27.6%) were related to hematologic and serologic screening. Major themes that emerged from this review were morbidity and mortality; prevalence of sickle cell disease; issues relating to blood transfusion; psychosocial impact; and anatomical dysfunction in sickle cell disease. Intervention programs from both government and non-governmental organizations aimed at reducing the burden of sickle cell disease and its socio-economic impact were identified as key to strategies aimed at overcoming challenges associated with the disease. Findings from this study also revealed that education and awareness interventions were central to reducing the prevalence of sickle cell disease in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obi Peter Adigwe
- National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Godspower Onavbavba
- National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Oloche Onoja
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
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Miranda CTDOF, Vermeulen-Serpa KM, Pedro ACC, Brandão-Neto J, Vale SHDL, Figueiredo MS. Zinc in sickle cell disease: A narrative review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126980. [PMID: 35413496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disease caused by hemoglobin S mutated hemoglobin S. It is characterized by chronic hemolysis, intermittent vaso-occlusive crises followed by ischemia-reperfusion, and organ damage. These patients have an increased risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies, such as zinc. The reduced zinc bioavailability in sickle cell patients may lead to several complications such as growth retardation, delayed wound healing, increased vaso-occlusive crises, and infections. This narrative review aims to analyze the literature concerning the zinc status in SCD and their possible consequences on the patients' clinical evolution. We found in children and adolescents a direct association between zinc insufficiencies/deficiencies with increased disease severity in SCD. Monitoring zinc status in children and adolescent SCD appears essential for reducing disease-associated morbidity and infections. Zinc supplementation is a safe therapeutic modality for treating SCD patients. New research must be carried out, especially for adults, to ensure more remarkable survival for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Carolina Cabañas Pedro
- Post-doctoral student Medicine Program (Hematology/Oncology), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Stella Figueiredo
- Division of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Nartey EB, Spector J, Adu-Afarwuah S, Jones CL, Jackson A, Ohemeng A, Shah R, Koryo-Dabrah A, Kuma ABA, Hyacinth HI, Steiner-Asiedu M. Nutritional perspectives on sickle cell disease in Africa: a systematic review. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:9. [PMID: 33731225 PMCID: PMC7972183 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that predominantly affects individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. However, research that elucidates links between SCD pathophysiology and nutritional status in African patients is lacking. This systematic review aimed to assess the landscape of studies in sub-Saharan Africa that focused on nutritional aspects of SCD, and highlights gaps in knowledge that could inform priority-setting for future research. METHODS The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria comprised original, peer-reviewed research published between January 1995 and November 2020 involving individuals in Africa with any phenotypic variant of SCD and at least one nutritional status outcome. Nutritional status outcomes were defined as those that assessed dietary intakes, growth/anthropometry, or nutritional biomarkers. Databases used were Ovid Embase, Medline, Biosis and Web of Science. RESULTS The search returned 526 articles, of which 76 were included in the final analyses. Most investigations (67%) were conducted in Nigeria. Studies were categorized into one of three main categories: descriptive studies of anthropometric characteristics (49%), descriptive studies of macro- or micronutrient status (41%), and interventional studies (11%). Findings consistently included growth impairment, especially among children and adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa. Studies assessing macro- and micronutrients generally had small sample sizes and were exploratory in nature. Only four randomized trials were identified, which measured the impact of lime juice, long-chain fatty acids supplementation, ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF), and oral arginine on health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal a moderate number of descriptive studies, most with small sample sizes, that focused on various aspects of nutrition and SCD in African patients. There was a stark dearth of interventional studies that could be used to inform evidence-based changes in clinical practice. Findings from the investigations were generally consistent with data from other regional settings, describing a significant risk of growth faltering and malnutrition among individuals with SCD. There is an unmet need for clinical research to better understand the potential benefits of nutrition-related interventions for patients with SCD in sub-Saharan Africa to promote optimal growth and improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Berko Nartey
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. .,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, V/R, Ghana.
| | | | - Seth Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | | | - Alan Jackson
- Emeritus Professor of Human Nutrition, Southampton General Hospital (MP 113), Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Agartha Ohemeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Rajiv Shah
- Novartis Global Health and Corporate Responsibility, Forum 1, Fabrikstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alice Koryo-Dabrah
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, V/R, Ghana
| | - Amma Benneh-Akwasi Kuma
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Ghana, Korle-Bu, Ghana
| | - Hyacinth I Hyacinth
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorder Center of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA.,The Atlanta Sickle Cell Disease Consortium, Atlanta, USA
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Akodui OS, Faleti AO, Adekanmbi FA, Ogunlesi TA. Predicted Reference Equations for Spirometry Indices as a Proxy from Anthropometry Measurements of Nigerian Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia Aged 5-12 Years. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:6012893. [PMID: 33254231 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant morbidity and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease are accounted for by lung complications. To facilitate good respiratory care for children with sickle cell anaemia the generation of local predicted values is highly important. OBJECTIVE To determine the reference equations for spirometry indices estimation in children with sickle cell anaemia, which can be readily used as proxy when there is no easy accessibility to spirometer. METHODS A cross-sectional study with linear regression models developed to estimate reference values for spirometric indices in Nigerian children with sickle cell anaemia aged 5-12 years. RESULTS Age as independent variables for estimation of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was associated with lowest coefficient of determination (R2) and highest standard error. The coefficient of determination (R2) and standard error was highest and lowest, respectively, when arm span was used to determine peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Prediction models for PEFR and FEV1 gave the closest mean estimates that were 0.18 and 0.16 lower and higher than the actual mean PEFR and FEV1, respectively, but the differences was significant only in FEV1. On the contrary the prediction models for forced vital capacity (FVC) gave mean estimates that was 1.02 higher than the actual mean FVC, however, the finding was not significant. CONCLUSION Preferred proxy for spirometry indices in children with sickle cell anaemia may be arm span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi S Akodui
- Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun O Faleti
- Department of Paediatrics, Mercy Street Children Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Folashade A Adekanmbi
- Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Tinuade A Ogunlesi
- Department of Paediatrics, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun, Nigeria
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Arigliani M, Castriotta L, Zubair R, Dogara LG, Zuiani C, Raywood E, Vecchiato K, Petoello E, Sunday AD, Ndoro S, Canciani MC, Gupta A, Cogo P, Inusa B. Differences in lung function between children with sickle cell anaemia from West Africa and Europe. Thorax 2019; 74:1154-1160. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionLung function abnormalities are common in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) but data from sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We hypothesised that children with SCA from West Africa had worse lung function than their counterparts from Europe.MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study evaluated spirometry and anthropometry in black African individuals with SCA (haemoglobin phenotype SS) aged 6–18 years from Nigeria and the UK, when clinically stable. Age-matched controls were also included in Nigeria to validate the Global Lung Initiative spirometry reference values.ResultsNigerian SCA patients (n=154) had significant reductions in both FEV1 and FVC of ~1 z-score compared with local controls (n=364) and ~0.5 z-scores compared with the UK patients (n=101). Wasting (body mass index z-score<−2) had a prevalence of 27% in Nigerian patients and 7% in the UK ones (p<0.001). Among children with SCA, being resident in Nigeria (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.9), wasting (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 5.0) and each additional year of age (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.4) were independently associated with increased risk of restrictive spirometry (FVC z-score<−1.64+FEV1/FVC≥−1.64).ConclusionsThis study showed that chronic respiratory impairment is more severe in children with SCA from West Africa than Europe. Our findings suggest the utility of implementing respiratory assessment in African children with SCA to early identify those with chronic lung injury, eligible for closer follow-up and more aggressive therapies.
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Mandese V, Marotti F, Bedetti L, Bigi E, Palazzi G, Iughetti L. Effects of nutritional intake on disease severity in children with sickle cell disease. Nutr J 2016; 15:46. [PMID: 27130184 PMCID: PMC4851811 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-016-0159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) may show growth failure in comparison to healthy peers. Many factors as hematological status, endocrine and/or metabolic dysfunction, and nutritional status, may play an important role in growth failure. The aim of this study was to assess whether impaired growth and nutritional intake can affect SCD severity during childhood. Methods We conducted an observational study on children with SCD referring to our clinic for routine follow-up visits in a 6-month period. We collected information on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) and calculated their respective standardized scores (z). The nutritional intake was assessed through the last 24-h recall intake of total calories, macro- (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamins B1, PP, A, C, B2). Disease severity was assessed through total hemoglobin (Hb) and fetal hemoglobin (HbF), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and through the total number and days of hospitalizations, as well as the lifetime episodes of acute chest syndrome (ACS). Results Twenty nine children (14 males, 15 females) with SCD were enrolled; their mean age was 9.95 years (SD 3.50, min 3.72, max 17.18). Z-weight and z-BMI were significantly directly related to total Hb. Food intake resulted significantly unbalanced in terms of total calorie intake, macro- and micronutrients, especially calcium, iron, vitamin B1 and C. Low intake of calcium and vitamin B1 were significantly inversely correlated with number and days of hospitalizations per year. Protein, lipid, phosphorus, and vitamin PP intakes resulted adequate but were inversely correlated with number and days of hospitalizations. Carbohydrate, lipid, iron, phosphorus, vitamins B1 and B2 intakes were significantly inversely correlated to HbF levels. Conclusions This study showed that, in our population, inadequate nutritional intake, weight and BMI have a significant impact on SCD severity indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mandese
- School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41124, Italy
| | - Francesca Marotti
- School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41124, Italy
| | - Luca Bedetti
- School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41124, Italy
| | - Elena Bigi
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena, 41124, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palazzi
- Oncology and Hematology Pediatric Unit, Department for Maternal and Child Integrated Activities, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, 41124, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- School of Pediatrics, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41124, Italy. .,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena, and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, Modena, 41124, Italy.
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Bae JY, Jang KS, Kang S, Han DH, Yang W, Shin KO. Correlation between basic physical fitness and pulmonary function in Korean children and adolescents: a cross-sectional survey. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:2687-92. [PMID: 26504269 PMCID: PMC4616070 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there was a correlation between basic physical fitness and pulmonary function in Korean school students, to present an alternative method for improving their pulmonary function. [Subjects and Methods] Two hundred forty healthy students aged 6-17 years performed physical fitness tests of hand-grip strength, sit and reach, Sargent jump, single leg stance, and pulmonary function tests of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) using a Quark PFT. [Results] Muscle strength and power of boys improved in the late period of elementary school and middle school. Muscle strength of girls improved in the late period of elementary school. Analysis of factors affecting pulmonary function revealed that height, weight, BMI, and body fat significantly correlated with spirometric parameters. Right hand-grip strength, left hand-grip strength, and Sargent jump also significantly correlated with FVC and FEV1. [Conclusion] In order to improve the pulmonary function of children and adolescents, aerobic exercise and an exercise program to increase muscle strength and power is needed, and it should start in the late period of elementary school when muscle strength and power are rapidly increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yong Bae
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical
Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical
Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwun Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Korea Air Force Academy,
Republic of Korea
| | - Don Hee Han
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering,
Inje University, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Catholic University of
Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Ok Shin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical
Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Somatic growth is a key indicator of overall health and well-being with important prognostic implications in the management of chronic disease. Worldwide studies of growth in children and adults with SCD have predominantly shown delayed growth (especially in terms of body weight) that is gradual and progressive in nature. However, more recent studies have shown that a substantial number of patients with SCD have normal weight gain whereas some are even obese. Height in patients with SCD is not universally affected even among those with suboptimal weight gain, whereas some achieve the same or greater height than healthy controls. The relationship between somatic growth and lung function in SCD is not yet clearly defined. As a group, patients with SCD tend to have lower lung volumes compared with healthy controls. These findings are similar across the age spectrum and across ethnic/racial lines regardless of the differences in body weight. Several mechanisms and risk factors have been proposed to explain these findings. These include malnutrition, racial differences and socioeconomic status. In addition, there are structural changes of the thorax (specifically the anterio-posterior chest diameter and anterio-posterior to lateral chest ratio) specific to sickle cell disease, that potentially interfere with normal lung growth. Although, caloric and protein intake have been shown to improve both height and weight, the composition of an optimal diet remains unclear. The following article reviews the current knowledge and controversies regarding somatic growth and its relationship with lung function in sickle cell disease (SCD) as well as the role of specific deficiencies of certain micronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Catanzaro
- Division of Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center/ George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA
| | - Anastassios C Koumbourlis
- Division of Pulmonary & Sleep Medicine, Children's National Medical Center/ George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington DC, USA.
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Luke A, Bovet P, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Plange-Rhule J, Dugas LR, Durazo-Arvizu RA, Kroff J, Richie WN, Schoeller DA. Prediction of fat-free mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis in young adults from five populations of African origin. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:956-60. [PMID: 23881006 PMCID: PMC3766444 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used in population and clinical studies as a technique for estimating body composition. Because of significant under-representation in existing literature, we sought to develop and validate predictive equation(s) for BIA for studies in populations of African origin. SUBJECTS/METHODS Among five cohorts of the Modeling the Epidemiologic Transition Study, height, weight, waist circumference and body composition, using isotope dilution, were measured in 362 adults, ages 25-45 with mean body mass indexes ranging from 24 to 32. BIA measures of resistance and reactance were measured using tetrapolar placement of electrodes and the same model of analyzer across sites (BIA 101Q, RJL Systems). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop equations for predicting fat-free mass (FFM), as measured by isotope dilution; covariates included sex, age, waist, reactance and height(2)/resistance, along with dummy variables for each site. Developed equations were then tested in a validation sample; FFM predicted by previously published equations were tested in the total sample. RESULTS A site-combined equation and site-specific equations were developed. The mean differences between FFM (reference) and FFM predicted by the study-derived equations were between 0.4 and 0.6 kg (that is, 1% difference between the actual and predicted FFM), and the measured and predicted values were highly correlated. The site-combined equation performed slightly better than the site-specific equations and the previously published equations. CONCLUSIONS Relatively small differences exist between BIA equations to estimate FFM, whether study-derived or published equations, although the site-combined equation performed slightly better than others. The study-derived equations provide an important tool for research in these understudied populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
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Bandyopadhyay A. Pulmonary function studies in young healthy Malaysians of Kelantan, Malaysia. Indian J Med Res 2011; 134:653-7. [PMID: 22199104 PMCID: PMC3249963 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.90990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Pulmonary function tests have been evolved as clinical tools in diagnosis, management and follow up of respiratory diseases as it provides objective information about the status of an individual's respiratory system. The present study was aimed to evaluate pulmonary function among the male and female young Kelantanese Malaysians of Kota Bharu, Malaysia, and to compare the data with other populations. METHODS A total of 128 (64 males, 64 females) non-smoking healthy young subjects were randomly sampled for the study from the Kelantanese students' population of the University Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu Campus, Kelantan, Malaysia. The study population (20-25 yr age group) had similar socio-economic background. Each subject filled up the ATS (1978) questionnaire to record their personal demographic data, health status and consent to participate in the study. Subjects with any history of pulmonary diseases were excluded from the study. RESULTS The pulmonary function measurements exhibited significantly higher values among males than the females. FEV 1% did not show any significant inter-group variation probably because the parameter expresses FEV 1 as a percentage of FVC. FVC and FEV 1 exhibited significant correlations with body height and body mass among males whereas in the females exhibited significant correlation with body mass, body weight and also with age. FEV 1% exhibited significant correlation with body height and body mass among males and with body height in females. FEF 25-75% did not show any significant correlation except with body height among females. However, PEFR exhibited significant positive correlation with all the physical parameters except with age among the females. On the basis of the existence of significant correlation between different physical parameters and pulmonary function variables, simple and multiple regression norms have been computed. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS From the present investigation it can be concluded that Kelantanese Malaysian youths have normal range of pulmonary function in both the sexes and the computed regression norms may be used to predict the pulmonary function values in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bandyopadhyay
- School of Health Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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