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Periferakis A, Periferakis AT, Troumpata L, Periferakis K, Georgatos-Garcia S, Touriki G, Dragosloveanu CDM, Caruntu A, Savulescu-Fiedler I, Dragosloveanu S, Scheau AE, Badarau IA, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Pinosylvin: A Multifunctional Stilbenoid with Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2025; 47:204. [PMID: 40136458 PMCID: PMC11941527 DOI: 10.3390/cimb47030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2025] [Revised: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/15/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Stilbenoids are a category of plant compounds exhibiting notable health-related benefits. After resveratrol, perhaps the most well-known stilbenoid is pinosylvin, a major phytochemical constituent of most plants characterised by the pine spines among others. Pinosylvin and its derivatives have been found to exert potent antibacterial and antifungal effects, while their antiparasitic and antiviral properties are still a subject of ongoing research. The antioxidant properties of pinosylvin are mostly based on its scavenging of free radicals, inhibition of iNOS and protein kinase C, and promotion of HO-1 expression. Its anti-inflammatory properties are based on a variety of mechanisms, such as COX-2 inhibition, NF-κB and TRPA1 activation inhibition, and reduction in IL-6 levels. Its anticancer properties are partly associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, although a number of other mechanisms are described, such as apoptosis induction and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. A couple of experiments have also suggested a neuroprotective potential. A multitude of ethnomedical and ethnobotanical effects of pinosylvin-containing plants are reported, like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and prokinetic actions; many of these are corroborated by recent research. The advent of novel methods of artificial pinosylvin synthesis may facilitate its mass production and adoption as a medical compound. Finally, pinosylvin may be a tool in promoting environmentally friendly pesticide and insecticide policies and be used in land remediation schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Troumpata
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P.), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyrangelos Georgatos-Garcia
- Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT), Tilburg University, 5037 DE Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Corvers Greece IKE, 15124 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Touriki
- Faculty of Law, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece
| | - Christiana Diana Maria Dragosloveanu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Dentistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital for Ophthalmological Emergencies, 010464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
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Flores-Maldonado O, Dávila-Aviña J, González GM, Becerril-García MA, Ríos-López AL. Antibacterial activity of gallic acid and methyl gallate against emerging non-fermenting bacilli. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2025; 70:127-135. [PMID: 38904883 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Burkholderia cenocepacia are considered emerging pathogens classified as a public health problem due to extensive antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic strategies has become crucial. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of gallic acid and methyl gallate against non-fermenting bacteria. The study included five clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, and Burkholderia cenocepacia. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of gallic acid and methyl gallate were determined by the broth microdilution method. Growth curves, metabolic activity, and biofilm formation of each bacterial strain in the presence or absence of phenolic compounds were performed. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of the compounds was evaluated using an in vivo model. Gallic acid and methyl gallate showed antibacterial activity against bacterial strains in a concentration range of 64 to 256 µg/mL, both compounds reduced bacterial growth and metabolic activity of the strains, even at subinhibitory concentrations. Only, methyl gallate exhibited activity to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilms. Moreover, gallic acid and methyl gallate increased larval survival by up to 60% compared to 30% survival of untreated larvae in a bacterial infection model in Galleria mellonella. Our results highlight the potential of gallic acid and methyl gallate as therapeutic alternatives for infections by emerging non-fermentative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Flores-Maldonado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Dávila-Aviña
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gloria M González
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Becerril-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ana L Ríos-López
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario "Dr, José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Francisco I. Madero, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Jo IH, Ko SW. Acute cholangitis with Achromobacter xylosoxidans bacteremia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4377-4383. [PMID: 39015928 PMCID: PMC11235522 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i20.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a Gram-negative opportunistic aerobe, usually causing nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients with manifestations including bacteremia, pneumonia, and catheter-related infections. However, A. xylosoxidans have not yet been reported to cause biliary system infections. CASE SUMMARY A 72-year-old woman presented to the outpatient department of our hospital with a chief complaint of jaundice. Computed tomography of her abdomen revealed the presence of a mass of approximately 2.4 cm in the hilar portion of the common hepatic duct, consistent with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. We performed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to decompress the obstructed left and right intrahepatic ducts (IHDs) and placed 10 cm and 11 cm biliary stents in the left and right IHDs, respectively. However, the day after the procedure, the patient developed post-ERCP cholangitis as the length of the right IHD stent was insufficient for proper bile drainage. The blood culture of the patient tested positive for A. xylosoxidans. Management measures included the replacement of the right IHD stent (11 cm) with a longer one (12 cm) and administering culture-directed antibiotic therapy, solving the cholangitis-related complications. After the cholangitis had resolved, the patient underwent surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma and survived for 912 d without recurrence. CONCLUSION A. xylosoxidans-induced biliary system infections are extremely rare. Clinical awareness of physicians and endoscopists is required as this rare pathogen might cause infection after endoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik Hyun Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 16471, South Korea
| | - Sung Woo Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, South Korea
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Brochet T, Tonnelier M, Justinien E, Lecapitaine AL, Bouras A. A case of community-acquired spondylodiscitis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans. IDCases 2024; 36:e01980. [PMID: 38737915 PMCID: PMC11088332 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-fermenting bacillus mainly responsible for nosocomial infections. We report the first case of community-acquired spondylodiscitis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans in a 61-year-old woman, immunocompromised with necrotizing dermohypodermitis of the right lower limb successfully treated with ertapenem and ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Brochet
- Infectious Diseases Department, CH Compiègne, Noyon, France
| | - M. Tonnelier
- Infectious Diseases Department, CH Compiègne, Noyon, France
| | - E. Justinien
- Endocrinology Department, CH Compiègne, Noyon, France
| | | | - A. Bouras
- Infectious Diseases Department, CH Compiègne, Noyon, France
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Armando M, Barthélémi L, Couret I, Verdier C, Dupont C, Jumas-Bilak E, Grau D. Recurrent environmental contamination in a centralized radiopharmacy unit by Achromobacter spp: results of a large microbiological investigation. Am J Infect Control 2022; 51:557-562. [PMID: 35870659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiopharmaceuticals preparation unit, such as every aseptic preparation units, are strictly monitored in terms of microbiological contamination. Despite all biocontamination control procedures, our radiopharmacy unit faced repeated environnmental contamination by Achromobacter spp which necessitated a large environmental investigation. METHOD Microbiological controls were carried out using Count Tact agars (Biomérieux) for flat surfaces, dry swabbing for hard to reach areas and containers were filled with a sterile water solution (then filtrated on 0.45µm membrane and seeded). Microbiological identification was performed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS, Brucker) on each positive sample. RESULTS Achromobacter spp was found in 10% of the 413 samples during the 8 months investigation period. The proportion of positive samples was stable among time but their location was unpredictable. The highest inoculum was finally found in the buckets used for biocleaning. DISCUSSION Samples from cleaning buckets taken by dry swabbing were at first negative, but the use of a non-routinely used sampling method allowed to discover the reservoir of this persistent contamination. CONCLUSION This investigation alerted us on the high microbiological risk associated with reusable plastic containers and the importance of a sampling method adapted to critical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Armando
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Preparations and controls, University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Montpellier, France
| | - L Barthélémi
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Preparations and controls, University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Montpellier, France
| | - I Couret
- Radiopharmacy Unit, Department of Preparations and controls, University Teaching Hospital (UTH) of Montpellier, France; Unit 1194 INSERM, Team Radiobiology and targeted radiotherapy, Cancer Research Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Verdier
- Pharmaceutical Controls Laboratory, Department of Preparations and controls, UTH of Montpellier, France
| | - C Dupont
- UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, University of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - E Jumas-Bilak
- Infection Control Department, UTH of Montpellier, France; UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, University of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - D Grau
- Infection Control Department, UTH of Montpellier, France; UMR 5569 HSM, Team "Pathogènes Hydriques Santé et Environnements", Unit of Bacteriology, University of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
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Crone CG, Rezahosseini O, Schultz HHL, Qvist T, Johansen HK, Nielsen SD, Perch M. Achromobacter spp. in a Cohort of Non-Selected Pre- and Post-Lung Transplant Recipients. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020181. [PMID: 35215124 PMCID: PMC8877520 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter is an opportunistic pathogen that mainly causes chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is associated with increased mortality. Little is known about Achromobacter spp. in the lung transplant recipient (LTXr) population. We aimed at describing rates of Achromobacter spp. infection in LTXr prior to, in relation to, and after transplantation, as well as all-cause mortality proportion in infected and uninfected LTXr. We included 288 adult LTXr who underwent lung transplantation (LTX) between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019 in Denmark. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed at regular intervals starting two weeks after transplantation. Positive cultures of Achromobacter spp. were identified in nationwide microbiology registries, and infections were categorized as persistent or transient, according to the proportion of positive cultures. A total of 11 of the 288 LTXr had transient (n = 7) or persistent (n = 4) Achromobacter spp. infection after LTX; CF was the underlying disease in 9 out of 11 LTXr. Three out of the four patients, with persistent infection after LTX, also had persistent infection before LTX. The cumulative incidence of the first episode of infection one year after LTX was 3.8% (95% CI: 1.6–6.0). The incidence rates of transient and persistent infection in the first year after LTX were 27 (12–53) and 15 (5–37) per 1000 person-years of follow-up, respectively. The all-cause mortality proportion one year after LTX was 27% in the Achromobacter spp. infected patients and 12% in the uninfected patients (p = 0.114). Achromobacter spp. mainly affected LTXr with CF as the underlying disease and was rare in non-CF LTXr. Larger studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes of Achromobacter spp. in LTXr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Geisler Crone
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections (CHIP), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.R.); (T.Q.); (S.D.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-35455799
| | - Omid Rezahosseini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.R.); (T.Q.); (S.D.N.)
| | - Hans Henrik Lawaetz Schultz
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.L.S.); (M.P.)
| | - Tavs Qvist
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.R.); (T.Q.); (S.D.N.)
| | - Helle Krogh Johansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (O.R.); (T.Q.); (S.D.N.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Perch
- Department of Cardiology, Section for Lung Transplantation, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (H.H.L.S.); (M.P.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ronin E, Derancourt C, Cabié A, Marion-Sanchez K. Achromobacter spp. Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122471. [PMID: 34946073 PMCID: PMC8704055 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter species are isolated from rare but severe healthcare-associated infections, including surgical site infections. They are considered to preferentially infect immunocompromised patients but so far with limited evidence. We conducted a systematic review on Achromobacter spp. surgical site infections (SSIs) to determine if such infections were indeed more commonly associated with immunocompromised patients. The secondary objective was to describe the characteristics of infected patients. Eligible articles had to be published before 30 September 2020 and to report Achromobacter spp. SSIs across all surgical specialties excluding ophthalmology. Analyses were performed on individual data without meta-analysis. Cases were divided into 2 subgroups: one group which had either prosthesis or implant and the other group which did not. A first selection led to a review of 94 articles, of which 37 were analyzed. All were case reports or case series and corresponded to 49 infected patients. Most of the patients were under 65 years of age and had undergone a heart or digestive surgery followed by deep infection with no co-infecting pathogens. Nine out of the 49 cases were immunocompromised, with similar distribution between the two subgroups (16.6% and 20%, respectively). This review suggests that Achromobacter spp. SSIs do not preferentially target immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Ronin
- Department of Hospital Hygiene, CHU Martinique, F-97200 Fort-de-France, Martinique;
| | | | - André Cabié
- Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Martinique, F-97200 Fort-de-France, Martinique;
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1058 : Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Karine Marion-Sanchez
- Department of Hospital Hygiene, CHU Martinique, F-97200 Fort-de-France, Martinique;
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1058 : Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +596-596-55-97-42
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Yu X, Jiang W, Huang X, Lin J, Ye H, Liu B. rRNA Analysis Based on Long-Read High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals a More Accurate Diagnostic for the Bacterial Infection of Ascites. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6287280. [PMID: 34869767 PMCID: PMC8642000 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6287280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional pathogenic diagnosis presents defects such as a low positivity rate, inability to identify uncultured microorganisms, and time-consuming nature. Clinical metagenomics next-generation sequencing can be used to detect any pathogen, compensating for the shortcomings of traditional pathogenic diagnosis. We report third-generation long-read sequencing results and second-generation short-read sequencing results for ascitic fluid from a patient with liver ascites and compared the two types of sequencing results with the results of traditional clinical microbial culture. The distribution of pathogenic microbial species revealed by the two types of sequencing results was quite different, and the third-generation sequencing results were consistent with the results of traditional microbial culture, which can effectively guide subsequent treatment. Short reads, the lack of amplification, and enrichment to amplify signals from trace pathogens, and host background noise may be the reasons for the high error in the second-generation short-read sequencing results. Therefore, we propose that long-read-based rRNA analysis technology is superior to the short-read shotgun-based metagenomics method in the identification of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Wenqian Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Xinhui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Institute of Applied Genomics, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hanhui Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
| | - Baorong Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, China
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Imani S, Wijetunga A, Shumborski S, O’Leary E. Chronic osteomyelitis caused by Achromobacter xylosoxidans following orthopaedic trauma: A case report and review of the literature. IDCases 2021; 25:e01211. [PMID: 34277350 PMCID: PMC8267561 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Achromobacter xylosoxidans is an opportunistic environmental aerobe. In cases where A. xylosoxidans infects humans, it most commonly manifests as bacteraemia in the immunosuppressed. A. xylosoxidans causing chronic osteomyelitis is rare, particularly in the immunocompetent and young. Case We present the case of a 23-year-old man with chronic osteomyelitis of the right femur caused by co-infection of A. xylosoxidans and Staphylococcus aureus. Five years earlier, he had sustained a right femur fracture and was treated with intramedullary fixation at a peripheral hospital in a developing nation. Past medical history was otherwise unremarkable. Management comprised of surgical debridement and culture-directed antibiotic therapy, resulting in clinical cure. Conclusion In the context of local trauma and previous surgery, osteomyelitis caused by atypical pathogens must be considered. A multidisciplinary approach commensurate with duration and severity of infection and tailored to the causative organism is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Imani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hornsby Ku-Ring-Gai Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Asanka Wijetunga
- School of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Sarah Shumborski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hornsby Ku-Ring-Gai Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edmund O’Leary
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hornsby Ku-Ring-Gai Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Achromobacter xylosoxidans Cellular Pathology Is Correlated with Activation of a Type III Secretion System. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00136-20. [PMID: 32366575 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00136-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is increasingly recognized as a colonizer of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, but the role that A. xylosoxidans plays in pathology remains unknown. This knowledge gap is largely due to the lack of model systems available to study the toxic potential of this bacterium. Recently, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) encoded by a majority of A. xylosoxidans genomes, termed AxoU, was identified. Here, we show that AxoU is a type III secretion system (T3SS) substrate that induces cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. A tissue culture model was developed showing that a subset of A. xylosoxidans isolates from CF patients induce cytotoxicity in macrophages, suggestive of a pathogenic or inflammatory role in the CF lung. In a toxic strain, cytotoxicity is correlated with transcriptional activation of axoU and T3SS genes, demonstrating that this model can be used as a tool to identify and track expression of virulence determinants produced by this poorly understood bacterium.
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