|
1
|
Lin S, Zhang Y, Yang J, Yang L, Li X, Bo H, Liu J, Tan M, Zhu W, Wang D, Shu Y. Cross-Species Transmission Potential of H4 Avian Influenza Viruses in China: Epidemiological and Evolutionary Study. Viruses 2024; 16:353. [PMID: 38543719 PMCID: PMC10974465 DOI: 10.3390/v16030353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
H4 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been widely detected in live poultry markets in China. However, the potential public health impact of H4 AIVs remains largely uncertain. Here, we fully analyzed the distribution and phylogenetic relationship of H4 AIVs in China. We obtained 31 isolates of H4 viruses in China during 2009-2022 through surveillance in poultry-associated environments, such as live poultry markets and poultry farms. Genomic sequence analysis together with publicly available data revealed that frequent reassortment and introduction of H4 AIV from wild birds to poultry may have occurred. We identified 62 genotypes among 127 whole genome sequences of H4 viruses in China, indicating that H4 AIVs had great genetic diversity in China. We also investigated molecular markers and found that drug resistance mutations frequently occurred in the M2 protein and a few mutations related to receptor binding and the host signature in H4 AIVs. Our study demonstrates the cross-species transmission potential of H4 AIVs in China and provides some reference significance for its risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.L.)
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Ye Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Jiaying Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.L.)
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiyan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Hong Bo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Jia Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Min Tan
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Influenza, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health Commission, Beijing 102206, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (S.L.)
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 102629, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Wen F, Wang C, Guo J, Yu H, Yuan S, Li Y, Li Z, Huang S, Liang Z. Development and application of a triplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of H3, H4, and H5 subtypes of avian influenza virus. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103333. [PMID: 38113705 PMCID: PMC10770746 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. Among the diverse AIV subtypes, H3, H4, and H5 are frequently detected in waterfowl and live poultry markets (LPM). The expeditious and precise identification of these subtypes is imperative in impeding the dissemination of the disease. In this study, we have developed a triplex real-time PCR assay endowed with the capacity to simultaneously discriminate AIV subtypes H3, H4, and H5. This method showcases remarkable specificity, selectively amplifying H3, H4, and H5 AIV subtypes sans any cross-reactivity with other subtypes or common avian pathogens. Furthermore, this method exhibits high sensitivity, with a detection threshold of 2.1 × 102 copies/μL for H3, H4, and H5 AIV subtypes. Additionally, the assay demonstrates reproducibility, as evidenced by intra- and interassay variability, with a coefficient of variation below 1.5%. A total of 338 cloacal swabs were collected from LPM to evaluate the performance of our assay. The obtained results evinced a high level of concordance with the sequencing data. In summary, our study has developed a triplex real-time PCR method that can be employed in laboratory-based testing and surveillance of AIV. This assay holds promise in augmenting our ability to detect and monitor AIV subtypes, thereby facilitating timely interventions and safeguarding both the poultry industry and public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wen
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Congying Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyue Guo
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Sheng Yuan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhili Li
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoping Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Li T, Zhao C, Guo Y, Dong J, Du F, Zhou Y, Shu S, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Cao Z, Cao Q, Shi S, Huang Y, Pu J, Liu L. Genetic and Biological Characteristics of Duck-Origin H4N6 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in China in 2022. Viruses 2024; 16:207. [PMID: 38399984 PMCID: PMC10892581 DOI: 10.3390/v16020207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between migratory birds and domestic waterfowl facilitates viral co-infections, leading to viral reassortment and the emergence of novel viruses. In 2022, samples were collected from duck farms around Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, China, which is located within the East Asia-Australasia flyway. Three strains of H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) were isolated. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolated H4N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) belonged to new genotypes, G23 and G24. All isolated strains demonstrated dual receptor binding properties. Additionally, the isolated strains were able to replicate efficiently not only in avian cells but also in mammalian cells. Furthermore, the H4N6 AIV isolates could infect chickens, with viral replication detected in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs, and could transmit within chicken flocks through contact, with viral shedding detected only in oropharyngeal swabs from chickens in the contact group. Notably, the H4N6 AIV could infect mice without prior adaptation and replicate in the lungs with high viral titers, suggesting that it is a potential threat to humans. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the characteristics of H4N6 strains currently circulating in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Chuankuo Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Jinze Dong
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Fanshu Du
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Yong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Sicheng Shu
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yachang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhiyong Cao
- Duchang County Aquaculture and Animal Husbandry Industry Development Center, Jiujiang 332600, China;
| | - Qi Cao
- Duchang County Yangfeng Township Government, Jiujiang 332600, China;
| | - Shuiping Shi
- Duchang County Migratory Bird Nature Reserve Administration, Jiujiang 332600, China;
| | - Yinhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biology Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Litao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.L.); (C.Z.); (Y.G.); (J.D.); (F.D.); (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Xie R, Edwards KM, Wille M, Wei X, Wong SS, Zanin M, El-Shesheny R, Ducatez M, Poon LLM, Kayali G, Webby RJ, Dhanasekaran V. The episodic resurgence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 virus. Nature 2023; 622:810-817. [PMID: 37853121 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 activity has intensified globally since 2021, increasingly causing mass mortality in wild birds and poultry and incidental infections in mammals1-3. However, the ecological and virological properties that underscore future mitigation strategies still remain unclear. Using epidemiological, spatial and genomic approaches, we demonstrate changes in the origins of resurgent HPAI H5 and reveal significant shifts in virus ecology and evolution. Outbreak data show key resurgent events in 2016-2017 and 2020-2021, contributing to the emergence and panzootic spread of H5N1 in 2021-2022. Genomic analysis reveals that the 2016-2017 epizootics originated in Asia, where HPAI H5 reservoirs are endemic. In 2020-2021, 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses emerged in African poultry, featuring mutations altering HA structure and receptor binding. In 2021-2022, a new H5N1 virus evolved through reassortment in wild birds in Europe, undergoing further reassortment with low-pathogenic avian influenza in wild and domestic birds during global dissemination. These results highlight a shift in the HPAI H5 epicentre beyond Asia and indicate that increasing persistence of HPAI H5 in wild birds is facilitating geographic and host range expansion, accelerating dispersion velocity and increasing reassortment potential. As earlier outbreaks of H5N1 and H5N8 were caused by more stable genomic constellations, these recent changes reflect adaptation across the domestic-bird-wild-bird interface. Elimination strategies in domestic birds therefore remain a high priority to limit future epizootics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Xie
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kimberly M Edwards
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michelle Wille
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoman Wei
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sook-San Wong
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark Zanin
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Leo L M Poon
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Xu Y, Tang L, Gu X, Bo S, Ming L, Ma M, Zhao C, Sun K, Liu Y, He G. Characterization of avian influenza A (H4N2) viruses isolated from wild birds in Shanghai during 2019 to 2021. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102948. [PMID: 37604021 PMCID: PMC10465953 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The H4 subtype of avian influenza viruses has been widely distributed among wild birds. During the surveillance of the avian influenza virus in Shanghai from 2019 to 2021, a total of 4,451 samples were collected from wild birds, among which 46 H4 subtypes of avian influenza viruses were identified, accounting for 7.40% of the total positive samples. The H4 subtype viruses have a wide range of hosts, including the spot-billed duck, common teal, and other wild birds in Anseriformes. Among all H4 subtypes, the most abundant are the H4N2 viruses. To clarify the genetic characteristics of H4N2 viruses, the whole genome sequences of 20 H4N2 viruses were analyzed. Phylogenetical analysis showed that all 8 genes of these viruses belonged to the Eurasian lineage and closely clustered with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from countries along the East Asia-Australia migratory route. However, the PB1 gene of 1 H4N2 virus (NH21920) might provide its internal gene for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 viruses in Korea and Japan. At least 10 genotypes were identified in these viruses, indicating that they underwent multiple complex recombination events. Our study has provided a better epidemiological understanding of the H4N2 viruses in wild birds. Considering the mutational potential, comprehensive surveillance of the H4N2 virus in both poultry and wild birds is imperative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xu
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Shanghai Wildlife and Protected Natural Areas Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunqi Bo
- Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Ming
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ma
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Kaibo Sun
- Shanghai Forestry Station, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyi Liu
- Shanghai Landscaping & City Appearance Administrative Bureau, Shanghai, China
| | - Guimei He
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|