1
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Xie R, Edwards KM, Wille M, Wei X, Wong SS, Zanin M, El-Shesheny R, Ducatez M, Poon LLM, Kayali G, Webby RJ, Dhanasekaran V. The episodic resurgence of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 virus. Nature 2023; 622:810-817. [PMID: 37853121 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 activity has intensified globally since 2021, increasingly causing mass mortality in wild birds and poultry and incidental infections in mammals1-3. However, the ecological and virological properties that underscore future mitigation strategies still remain unclear. Using epidemiological, spatial and genomic approaches, we demonstrate changes in the origins of resurgent HPAI H5 and reveal significant shifts in virus ecology and evolution. Outbreak data show key resurgent events in 2016-2017 and 2020-2021, contributing to the emergence and panzootic spread of H5N1 in 2021-2022. Genomic analysis reveals that the 2016-2017 epizootics originated in Asia, where HPAI H5 reservoirs are endemic. In 2020-2021, 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses emerged in African poultry, featuring mutations altering HA structure and receptor binding. In 2021-2022, a new H5N1 virus evolved through reassortment in wild birds in Europe, undergoing further reassortment with low-pathogenic avian influenza in wild and domestic birds during global dissemination. These results highlight a shift in the HPAI H5 epicentre beyond Asia and indicate that increasing persistence of HPAI H5 in wild birds is facilitating geographic and host range expansion, accelerating dispersion velocity and increasing reassortment potential. As earlier outbreaks of H5N1 and H5N8 were caused by more stable genomic constellations, these recent changes reflect adaptation across the domestic-bird-wild-bird interface. Elimination strategies in domestic birds therefore remain a high priority to limit future epizootics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Xie
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kimberly M Edwards
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Michelle Wille
- Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaoman Wei
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sook-San Wong
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mark Zanin
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariette Ducatez
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Leo L M Poon
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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2
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Horwood PF, Fabrizio T, Horm SV, Metlin A, Ros S, Tok S, Jeevan T, Seiler P, Y P, Rith S, Suttie A, Buchy P, Karlsson EA, Webby R, Dussart P. Transmission experiments support clade-level differences in the transmission and pathogenicity of Cambodian influenza A/H5N1 viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:1702-1711. [PMID: 32666894 PMCID: PMC7473085 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1792353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A/H5N1 has circulated in Asia since 2003 and is now enzootic in many countries in that region. In Cambodia, the virus has circulated since 2004 and has intermittently infected humans. During this period, we have noted differences in the rate of infections in humans, potentially associated with the circulation of different viral clades. In particular, a reassortant clade 1.1.2 virus emerged in early 2013 and was associated with a dramatic increase in infections of humans (34 cases) until it was replaced by a clade 2.3.2.1c virus in early 2014. In contrast, only one infection of a human has been reported in the 6 years since the clade 2.3.2.1c virus became the dominant circulating virus. We selected three viruses to represent the main viral clades that have circulated in Cambodia (clade 1.1.2, clade 1.1.2 reassortant, and clade 2.3.2.1c), and we conducted experiments to assess the virulence and transmissibility of these viruses in avian (chicken, duck) and mammalian (ferret) models. Our results suggest that the clade 2.3.2.1c virus is more "avian-like," with high virulence in both ducks and chickens, but there is no evidence of aerosol transmission of the virus from ducks to ferrets. In contrast, the two clade 1 viruses were less virulent in experimentally infected and contact ducks. However, evidence of chicken-to-ferret aerosol transmission was observed for both clade 1 viruses. The transmission experiments provide insights into clade-level differences that might explain the variation in A/H5N1 infections of humans observed in Cambodia and other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Horwood
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Thomas Fabrizio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Srey Viseth Horm
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Artem Metlin
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sopheaktra Ros
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Songha Tok
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Patrick Seiler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Phalla Y
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sareth Rith
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Annika Suttie
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- School of Applied and Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Australia
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines R&D Intercontinental, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Erik A. Karlsson
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Philippe Dussart
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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3
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Fusade-Boyer M, Pato PS, Komlan M, Dogno K, Jeevan T, Rubrum A, Kouakou CK, Couacy-Hymann E, Batawui D, Go-Maro E, McKenzie P, Webby RJ, Ducatez MF. Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Poultry, Togo, 2018. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25:2287-2289. [PMID: 31742528 PMCID: PMC6874233 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.190054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2015, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses reemerged in poultry in West Africa. We describe the introduction of a reassortant clade 2.3.2.1c virus into Togo in April 2018. Our findings signal further local spread and evolution of these viruses, which could affect animal and human health.
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4
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Karo-Karo D, Bodewes R, Wibawa H, Artika M, Pribadi ES, Diyantoro D, Pratomo W, Sugama A, Hendrayani N, Indasari I, Wibowo MH, Muljono DH, Stegeman JA, Koch G. Reassortments among Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Circulating in Indonesia, 2015-2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:465-472. [PMID: 30789142 PMCID: PMC6390736 DOI: 10.3201/eid2503.180167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses have been circulating since 2003 in Indonesia, with major impacts on poultry health, severe economic losses, and 168 fatal laboratory-confirmed human cases. We performed phylogenetic analysis on 39 full-genome H5N1 virus samples collected during outbreaks among poultry in 2015-2016 in West Java and compared them with recently published sequences from Indonesia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the hemagglutinin gene of all samples belonged to 2 genetic groups in clade 2.3.2.1c. We also observed these groups for the neuraminidase, nucleoprotein, polymerase, and polymerase basic 1 genes. Matrix, nonstructural protein, and polymerase basic 2 genes of some HPAI were most closely related to clade 2.1.3 instead of clade 2.3.2.1c, and a polymerase basic 2 gene was most closely related to Eurasian low pathogenicity avian influenza. Our results detected a total of 13 reassortment types among HPAI in Indonesia, mostly in backyard chickens in Indramayu.
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5
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Imai H, Dinis JM, Zhong G, Moncla LH, Lopes TJS, McBride R, Thompson AJ, Peng W, Le MTQ, Hanson A, Lauck M, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Yamada S, Eggenberger J, O'Connor DH, Suzuki Y, Hatta M, Paulson JC, Neumann G, Friedrich TC, Kawaoka Y. Diversity of Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses in Infected Humans, Northern Vietnam, 2004-2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1128-1238. [PMID: 29912683 PMCID: PMC6038741 DOI: 10.3201/eid2407.171441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses exist in each host as a collection of genetically diverse variants, which might enhance their adaptive potential. To assess the genetic and functional diversity of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses within infected humans, we used deep-sequencing methods to characterize samples obtained from infected patients in northern Vietnam during 2004–2010 on different days after infection, from different anatomic sites, or both. We detected changes in virus genes that affected receptor binding, polymerase activity, or interferon antagonism, suggesting that these factors could play roles in influenza virus adaptation to humans. However, the frequency of most of these mutations remained low in the samples tested, implying that they were not efficiently selected within these hosts. Our data suggest that adaptation of influenza A(H5N1) viruses is probably stepwise and depends on accumulating combinations of mutations that alter function while maintaining fitness.
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6
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Pushko P, Tretyakova I, Hidajat R, Sun X, Belser JA, Tumpey TM. Multi-clade H5N1 virus-like particles: Immunogenicity and protection against H5N1 virus and effects of beta-propiolactone. Vaccine 2018; 36:4346-4353. [PMID: 29885769 PMCID: PMC6070352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have diversified genetically and antigenically, suggesting the need for multiple H5N1 vaccines. However, preparation of multiple vaccines from live H5N1 HPAI viruses is difficult and economically not feasible representing a challenge for pandemic preparedness. Here we evaluated a novel multi-clade recombinant H5N1 virus-like particle (VLP) design, in which H5 hemagglutinins (HA) and N1 neuraminidase (NA) derived from four distinct clades of H5N1 virus were co-localized within the VLP structure. The multi-clade H5N1 VLPs were prepared by using a recombinant baculovirus expression system and evaluated for functional hemagglutination and neuraminidase enzyme activities, particle size and morphology, as well as for the presence of baculovirus in the purified VLP preparations. To remove residual baculovirus, VLP preparations were treated with beta-propiolactone (BPL). Immunogenicity and efficacy of multi-clade H5N1 VLPs were determined in an experimental ferret H5N1 HPAI challenge model, to ascertain the effect of BPL on immunogenicity and protective efficacy against lethal challenge. Although treatment with BPL reduced immunogenicity of VLPs, all vaccinated ferrets were protected from lethal challenge with influenza A/VietNam/1203/2004 (H5N1) HPAI virus, indicating that multi-clade VLP preparations treated with BPL represent a potential approach for pandemic preparedness vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Pushko
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA.
| | - Irina Tretyakova
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Rachmat Hidajat
- Medigen, Inc., 8420 Gas House Pike, Suite S, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terrence M Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road N.E, Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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Zhu R, Xu D, Yang X, Zhang J, Wang S, Shi H, Liu X. Genetic and biological characterization of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated in China from 2011 to 2014. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199260. [PMID: 29969454 PMCID: PMC6029760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genotypes of the H9N2 avian influenza viruses have changed since 2013 when almost all H9N2 viruses circulating in chickens in China were genotype 57 (G57) with the fittest lineage of each gene. To characterize the H9N2 variant viruses from 2011 to 2014, 28 H9N2 influenza viruses were isolated from live poultry markets in China from 2011–2014 and were analyzed by genetic and biological characterization. Our findings showed that 16 residues that changed antigenicity, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, and one amino acid in the receptor binding site of the HA protein changed significantly from 2011–2014. Moreover, the HA and NA genes in the phylogenetic tree were mainly clustered into two independent branches, A and B, based on the year of isolation. H9N2 virus internal genes were related to those from the human-infected avian influenza viruses H5N1, H7N9, and H10N8. In particular, the NS gene in the phylogenetic tree revealed genetic divergence of the virus gene into three branches labeled A, B, and C, which were related to the H9N2, H10N8, and H7N9 viruses, respectively. Additionally, the isolates also showed varying levels of infection and airborne transmission. These results indicated that the H9N2 virus had undergone an adaptive evolution and variation from 2011–2014.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Chickens
- China/epidemiology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gene Expression
- Glycosylation
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H10N8 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H10N8 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H10N8 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/epidemiology
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Neuraminidase/chemistry
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/immunology
- Phylogeny
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Poultry Diseases/epidemiology
- Poultry Diseases/immunology
- Poultry Diseases/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Danwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, PR China
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8
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Ly S, Horwood P, Chan M, Rith S, Sorn S, Oeung K, Nguon K, Chan S, Y P, Parry A, Tsuyuoka R, Ly S, Richner B, Laurent D, Vong S, Dussart P, Buchy P, Tarantola A. Seroprevalence and Transmission of Human Influenza A(H5N1) Virus before and after Virus Reassortment, Cambodia, 2006-2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:300-303. [PMID: 28098551 PMCID: PMC5324818 DOI: 10.3201/eid2302.161232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five human influenza A(H5N1) cases were reported in Cambodia during 2013–2014 after emergence of a clade 1.1.2 reassortant virus. We tested 881 villagers and found 2 cases of pauci- or asymptomatic infection. Seroprevalence after emergence of the reassortant strain (0.2%) was lower than the aggregate seroprevalence of 1.3% reported in earlier studies.
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9
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Mak GCK, Kwan MYW, Mok CKP, Lo JYC, Peiris M, Leung CW. Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Child With Encephalitis Complicated by Obstructive Hydrocephalus. Clin Infect Dis 2018; 66:136-139. [PMID: 29020163 PMCID: PMC5850530 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old boy with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection with minimal respiratory symptoms developed encephalitis complicated by obstructive hydrocephalus. Viral RNA was detectable in cerebrospinal fluid. The virus belonged to H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1b and had acquired the mammalian adaptation mutation PB2 Q591K.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Brain/pathology
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/virology
- Child, Preschool
- Encephalitis, Viral/complications
- Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis
- Encephalitis, Viral/pathology
- Humans
- Hydrocephalus/diagnosis
- Hydrocephalus/pathology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/complications
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/pathology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Mutation, Missense
- RNA, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid
- RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/genetics
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Viral Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Gannon Chun Kit Mak
- Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, University of Hong Kong
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong
| | - Mike Yat-wah Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Ka Pun Mok
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong
| | - Janice Yee Chi Lo
- Public Health Laboratory Services Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, University of Hong Kong
| | - Malik Peiris
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wai Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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10
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Ducatez M, Sonnberg S, Crumpton JC, Rubrum A, Phommachanh P, Douangngeun B, Peiris M, Guan Y, Webster R, Webby R. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1 and clade 2.3.4 viruses do not induce a clade-specific phenotype in mallard ducks. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1232-1244. [PMID: 28631606 PMCID: PMC5825919 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the diverse clades of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses of the goose/Guangdong lineage, only a few have been able to spread across continents: clade 2.2 viruses spread from China to Europe and into Africa in 2005-2006, clade 2.3.2.1 viruses spread from China to Eastern Europe in 2009-2010 and clade 2.3.4.4 viruses of the H5Nx subtype spread from China to Europe and North America in 2014/2015. While the poultry trade and wild-bird migration have been implicated in the spread of HPAI H5N1 viruses, it has been proposed that robust virus-shedding by wild ducks in the absence of overt clinical signs may have contributed to the wider dissemination of the clade 2.2, 2.3.2.1 and 2.3.4.4 viruses. Here we determined the phenotype of two divergent viruses from clade 2.3.2.1, a clade that spread widely, and two divergent viruses from clade 2.3.4, a clade that was constrained to Southeast Asia, in young (ducklings) and adult (juvenile) mallard ducks. We found that the virus-shedding magnitude and duration, transmission pattern and pathogenicity of the viruses in young and adult mallard ducks were largely independent of the virus clade. A clade-specific pattern could only be detected in terms of cumulative virus shedding, which was higher with clade 2.3.2.1 than with clade 2.3.4 viruses in juvenile mallards, but not in ducklings. The ability of clade 2.3.2.1c A/common buzzard/Bulgaria/38 WB/2010-like viruses to spread cross-continentally may, therefore, have been strain-specific or independent of phenotype in wild ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariette Ducatez
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephanie Sonnberg
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeri Carol Crumpton
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adam Rubrum
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Phouvong Phommachanh
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Vientiane, Lao PDR, Laos
| | - Bounlom Douangngeun
- Department of Livestock and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Vientiane, Lao PDR, Laos
| | - Malik Peiris
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yi Guan
- Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Robert Webster
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard Webby
- Division of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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11
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Tassoni L, Fusaro A, Milani A, Lemey P, Awuni JA, Sedor VB, Dogbey O, Commey ANO, Meseko C, Joannis T, Minoungou GL, Ouattara L, Haido AM, Cisse-Aman D, Couacy-Hymann E, Dauphin G, Cattoli G, Monne I. Genetically Different Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses in West Africa, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:2132-2136. [PMID: 27389972 PMCID: PMC5189143 DOI: 10.3201/eid2212.160578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To trace the evolution of highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) virus in West Africa, we sequenced genomes of 43 viruses collected during 2015 from poultry and wild birds in 5 countries. We found 2 co-circulating genetic groups within clade 2.3.2.1c. Mutations that may increase adaptation to mammals raise concern over possible risk for humans.
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12
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Marinova-Petkova A, Franks J, Tenzin S, Dahal N, Dukpa K, Dorjee J, Feeroz MM, Rehg JE, Barman S, Krauss S, McKenzie P, Webby RJ, Webster RG. Highly Pathogenic Reassortant Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.2.1a in Poultry, Bhutan. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:2137-2141. [PMID: 27584733 PMCID: PMC5189144 DOI: 10.3201/eid2212.160611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1), clade 2.3.2.1a, with an H9-like polymerase basic protein 1 gene, isolated in Bhutan in 2012, replicated faster in vitro than its H5N1 parental genotype and was transmitted more efficiently in a chicken model. These properties likely help limit/eradicate outbreaks, combined with strict control measures.
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13
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Asante IA, Bertram S, Awuni J, Commey ANO, Aniwa B, Ampofo WK, Gabriel G. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus among Poultry, Ghana, 2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:2209-2211. [PMID: 27584829 PMCID: PMC5189147 DOI: 10.3201/eid2212.160639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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14
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Takayama I, Hieu NT, Shirakura M, Nakauchi M, Fujisaki S, Takahashi H, Nagata S, Long NT, Odagiri T, Tashiro M, Kageyama T. Novel Reassortant Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus in Human, Southern Vietnam, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:557-9. [PMID: 26889960 PMCID: PMC4766877 DOI: 10.3201/eid2203.151360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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15
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Artois J, Newman SH, Dhingra MS, Chaiban C, Linard C, Cattoli G, Monne I, Fusaro A, Xenarios I, Engler R, Liechti R, Kuznetsov D, Pham TL, Nguyen T, Pham VD, Castellan D, Von Dobschuetz S, Claes F, Dauphin G, Inui K, Gilbert M. Clade-level Spatial Modelling of HPAI H5N1 Dynamics in the Mekong Region Reveals New Patterns and Associations with Agro-Ecological Factors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30316. [PMID: 27453195 PMCID: PMC4958987 DOI: 10.1038/srep30316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has been circulating in Asia since 2003 and diversified into several genetic lineages, or clades. Although the spatial distribution of its outbreaks was extensively studied, differences in clades were never previously taken into account. We developed models to quantify associations over time and space between different HPAI H5N1 viruses from clade 1, 2.3.4 and 2.3.2 and agro-ecological factors. We found that the distribution of clades in the Mekong region from 2004 to 2013 was strongly regionalised, defining specific epidemiological zones, or epizones. Clade 1 became entrenched in the Mekong Delta and was not supplanted by newer clades, in association with a relatively higher presence of domestic ducks. In contrast, two new clades were introduced (2.3.4 and 2.3.2) in northern Viet Nam and were associated with higher chicken density and more intensive chicken production systems. We suggest that differences in poultry production systems in these different epizones may explain these associations, along with differences in introduction pressure from neighbouring countries. The different distribution patterns found at the clade level would not be otherwise apparent through analysis treating all outbreaks equally, which requires improved linking of disease outbreak records and genetic sequence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Artois
- Biological Control and Spatial Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Scott H. Newman
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Madhur S. Dhingra
- Biological Control and Spatial Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Animal Husbandry & Dairying, Government of Haryana, India
| | - Celia Chaiban
- Biological Control and Spatial Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Catherine Linard
- Biological Control and Spatial Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Geography, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Isabella Monne
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Alice Fusaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (Padua), Italy
| | - Ioannis Xenarios
- Swiss-Prot & Vital-IT group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Genomics (CIG), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Engler
- Swiss-Prot & Vital-IT group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Liechti
- Swiss-Prot & Vital-IT group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dmitri Kuznetsov
- Swiss-Prot & Vital-IT group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thanh Long Pham
- Department of Animal Health, Epidemiology Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Department of Animal Health, Epidemiology Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Dong Pham
- Department of Animal Health, Epidemiology Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - David Castellan
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO-RAP), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sophie Von Dobschuetz
- Animal Production and Health Division (AGAH), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Filip Claes
- Animal Production and Health Division (AGAH), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenaëlle Dauphin
- Animal Production and Health Division (AGAH), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Ken Inui
- Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Marius Gilbert
- Biological Control and Spatial Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Chen J, Jin M, Yu Z, Dan H, Zhang A, Song Y, Chen H. A Latex Agglutination Test for the Rapid Detection of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H5N1 and its Clinical Application. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 19:155-60. [PMID: 17402609 DOI: 10.1177/104063870701900203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and simple latex agglutination test (LAT) for the detection of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 in chicken allantoic fluids, tracheal swabs, and tissues was developed. Monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin glycoprotein of H5N1 were covalently coupled onto the surface of carboxylated latex bead using a water-soluble carbodiimide to obtain sensitized latex particles (SLP). These SLPs strongly agglutinated in the presence of allantoic fluid containing H5N1, but not fluids containing other AIV sub-types such as H1N1, H3N2, H4N6, and H9N2. Using this LAT, the virus was detectable in tracheal swabs 24 hours to 30 days after inoculating chickens with H5N1, with detection rates ranging from 45.5 to 79.2%. Much higher rates of detection were obtained from tissues collected postmortem from H5N1 experimentally infected chickens; lung tissue yielded the highest detection rate (96.7%), followed by kidney, spleen, brain, and liver tissues (90%). Lower detection rates were achieved with heart (41.7%) and cloacal tissues (26.8%). When the LAT was compared with other detection methods, the agreement with the viral isolation, H5 antigen immunochromatographic test, and H5 real-time RT-PCR test was 93.97, 95.18, and 87.95%, respectively. The test was highly specific for H5N1 in chickens and water fowls and had sensitivity comparable to other diagnostic tests evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Chen
- Unit of Animal Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, PR China.
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17
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Hu T, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Kong Q, Zhang Z, Cui Q, Qiu W, Deng B, Fan Q, Zhang F. Fatal influenza A (H5N1) virus Infection in zoo-housed Tigers in Yunnan Province, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25845. [PMID: 27162026 PMCID: PMC4861906 DOI: 10.1038/srep25845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
From 2014 to 2015, three cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza infection occurred in zoo-housed north-east China tigers (Panthera tigris ssp.altaica) and four tigers died of respiratory distress in succession in Yunnan Province, China. We isolated and characterized three highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from these tigers. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that A/tiger /Yunnan /tig1404 /2014(H5N1) belongs to the provisional subclade 2.3.4.4e which were novel reassortant influenza A (H5N1) viruses with six internal genes from avian influenza A (H5N2) viruses. The HA gene of the isolated A/tiger /Yunnan /tig1412 /2014(H5N1) virus belongs to the subclade 2.3.2.1b. The isolated A/tiger /Yunnan /tig1508/2015 (H5N1) virus was a novel reassortant influenza A (H5N1) virus with three internal genes (PB2, PB1 and M) from H9N2 virus and belongs to the subclade 2.3.2.1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingsong Hu
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu Military Region, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Huanyun Zhao
- Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, China
| | - Qiang Kong
- Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, China
- Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Zhixiao Zhang
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu Military Region, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu Military Region, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu Military Region, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu Military Region, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Quanshui Fan
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu Military Region, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu Military Region, Kunming 650118, China
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18
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Abstract
An understanding of the global migration dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus is helpful for surveillance and disease prevention. To characterize the migration network of this virus, we used genetic analysis, which supported a global persistence model in which each of 9 regions acts to some extent as a source. Siberia is the major hub for the dispersal of the virus. Southeast Asia and Africa are major sources of genetically and antigenically novel strains. We found evidence of local persistence of the virus in Southeast Asia and Africa, which is rare for human influenza A viruses. The differences in migration dynamics between avian and human influenza viruses might help with the design of region-specific surveillance efforts and the selection of vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chaodong Zhu
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Fumin Lei
- These authors contributed equally to this article
| | - Weifeng Shi
- These authors contributed equally to this article
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19
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Marchenko VY, Susloparov IM, Kolosova NP, Goncharova NI, Shipovalov AV, Ilyicheva TN, Durymanov AG, Chernyshova OA, Kozlovskiy LI, Chernyshova TV, Pryadkina EN, Karimova TV, Mikheev VN, Ryzhikov AB. Highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 virus of clade 2.3.2.1c in Western Siberia. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1645-9. [PMID: 26935914 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the spring of 2015, avian influenza virus surveillance in Western Siberia resulted in isolation of several influenza H5N1 virus strains. The strains were isolated from several wild bird species. Investigation of biological features of those strains demonstrated their high pathogenicity for mammals. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showed that the strains belong to clade 2.3.2.1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Y Marchenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
| | - I M Susloparov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation
| | - N P Kolosova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation
| | - N I Goncharova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation
| | - A V Shipovalov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation
| | - T N Ilyicheva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation
| | - A G Durymanov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation
| | - O A Chernyshova
- Regional office of Rospotrebnadzor, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - L I Kozlovskiy
- Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - T V Chernyshova
- Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - E N Pryadkina
- Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - T V Karimova
- Hygienic and Epidemiological Center of Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - V N Mikheev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation
| | - A B Ryzhikov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology "VECTOR", 630559, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk region, Russian Federation.
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20
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Nasreen S, Khan SU, Luby SP, Gurley ES, Abedin J, Zaman RU, Sohel BM, Rahman M, Hancock K, Levine MZ, Veguilla V, Wang D, Holiday C, Gillis E, Sturm-Ramirez K, Bresee JS, Rahman M, Uyeki TM, Katz JM, Azziz-Baumgartner E. Highly pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) virus infection among workers at live bird markets, Bangladesh, 2009-2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:629-37. [PMID: 25811942 PMCID: PMC4378465 DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.141281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of infection was low despite frequent exposure to infected poultry and low use of personal protective equipment. The risk for influenza A(H5N1) virus infection is unclear among poultry workers in countries where the virus is endemic. To assess H5N1 seroprevalence and seroconversion among workers at live bird markets (LBMs) in Bangladesh, we followed a cohort of workers from 12 LBMs with existing avian influenza surveillance. Serum samples from workers were tested for H5N1 antibodies at the end of the study or when LBM samples first had H5N1 virus–positive test results. Of 404 workers, 9 (2%) were seropositive at baseline. Of 284 workers who completed the study and were seronegative at baseline, 6 (2%) seroconverted (7 cases/100 poultry worker–years). Workers who frequently fed poultry, cleaned feces from pens, cleaned food/water containers, and did not wash hands after touching sick poultry had a 7.6 times higher risk for infection compared with workers who infrequently performed these behaviors. Despite frequent exposure to H5N1 virus, LBM workers showed evidence of only sporadic infection.
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21
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Yuan J, Bao L, Wei Q, Qin C, Xu L. [Determination of Influenza Virus H5N1 and H7N9 Using MASA Technology]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2015; 31:607-614. [PMID: 26951004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To set up a new rapid method for the rapid determination of influenza virus H5N1 and H7N9 basing on the Multi-Analyte Suspension Array (MASA) technology. Sequence analysis and design of degenerate primers and specific probes were set in the comparison and analysis of H5, N1, H7 and N9 genes. In combination with MASA technology, these primers and probes were used for the determination of samples of H5N1 and H7N9 and other subtypes ( H1N1, PH1N1, H5N2, H3N2 and H9N2). We developed a rapid determination method. This method had high specificity and sensitivity that could detect H5N1 and H7N9 at one time, and could detect samples that containing 10 copies of H5N1 and H7N9. This determination method could be used for rapid determination of influenza virus H5N1 and H7N9 at one time.
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22
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Amen O, Vemula SV, Zhao J, Ibrahim R, Hussein A, Hewlett IK, Moussa S, Mittal SK. Identification and characterization of a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A virus during an outbreak in vaccinated chickens in Egypt. Virus Res 2015; 210:337-43. [PMID: 26363196 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5N1 viruses continue to be a major veterinary and public health problem in Egypt. Continued surveillance of these viruses is necessary to devise strategies to control the spread of the virus and to monitor its evolutionary patterns. This is a report of the identification of a variant strain of HPAI H5N1 virus during an outbreak in 2010 in vaccinated chicken flocks in a poultry farm in Assiut, Egypt. Vaccination of chickens with an oil-emulsified inactivated A/chicken/Mexico/232/94 (H5N2) vaccine induced high levels of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers reaching up to 9 log2. However, all flocks irrespective of the number of vaccine doses and the resultant HI titer levels came down with severe influenza infections. The qRT-PCR and rapid antigen test confirmed the influenza virus to be from H5N1 subtype. Sequencing of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene fragment from ten independent samples demonstrated that a single H5N1 strain was involved. This strain belonged to clade 2.2.1 and had several mutations in the receptor-binding site of the HA protein, thereby producing a variant strain of HPAI H5N1 virus which was antigenically different from the parent clade 2.2.1 virus circulating in Egypt at that time. In order to define the variability in HPAI H5N1 viruses over time in Egypt, we sequenced another H5N1 virus that was causing infections in chickens in 2014. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both viruses had further distanced from the parent virus circulating during 2010. This study highlights that the antigenic mutations in HPAI H5N1 viruses represent a definitive challenge for the development of an effective vaccine for poultry. Overall, the results emphasize the need for continued surveillance of H5N1 outbreaks and extensive characterization of virus isolates from vaccinated and non-vaccinated poultry populations to better understand genetic changes and their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Amen
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - S V Vemula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - J Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - R Ibrahim
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - A Hussein
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - I K Hewlett
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - S Moussa
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - S K Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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23
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Thor SW, Nguyen H, Balish A, Hoang AN, Gustin KM, Nhung PT, Jones J, Thu NN, Davis W, Ngoc TNT, Jang Y, Sleeman K, Villanueva J, Kile J, Gubareva LV, Lindstrom S, Tumpey TM, Davis CT, Long NT. Detection and Characterization of Clade 1 Reassortant H5N1 Viruses Isolated from Human Cases in Vietnam during 2013. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133867. [PMID: 26244768 PMCID: PMC4526568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 is endemic in Vietnamese poultry and has caused sporadic human infection in Vietnam since 2003. Human infections with HPAI H5N1 are of concern due to a high mortality rate and the potential for the emergence of pandemic viruses with sustained human-to-human transmission. Viruses isolated from humans in southern Vietnam have been classified as clade 1 with a single genome constellation (VN3) since their earliest detection in 2003. This is consistent with detection of this clade/genotype in poultry viruses endemic to the Mekong River Delta and surrounding regions. Comparison of H5N1 viruses detected in humans from southern Vietnamese provinces during 2012 and 2013 revealed the emergence of a 2013 reassortant virus with clade 1.1.2 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface protein genes but internal genes derived from clade 2.3.2.1a viruses (A/Hubei/1/2010-like; VN12). Closer analysis revealed mutations in multiple genes of this novel genotype (referred to as VN49) previously associated with increased virulence in animal models and other markers of adaptation to mammalian hosts. Despite the changes identified between the 2012 and 2013 genotypes analyzed, their virulence in a ferret model was similar. Antigenically, the 2013 viruses were less cross-reactive with ferret antiserum produced to the clade 1 progenitor virus, A/Vietnam/1203/2004, but reacted with antiserum produced against a new clade 1.1.2 WHO candidate vaccine virus (A/Cambodia/W0526301/2012) with comparable hemagglutination inhibition titers as the homologous antigen. Together, these results indicate changes to both surface and internal protein genes of H5N1 viruses circulating in southern Vietnam compared to 2012 and earlier viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi W. Thor
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Institute Pasteur-Ho Chi Minh City, National Influenza Center-2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Amanda Balish
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anh Nguyen Hoang
- Institute Pasteur-Ho Chi Minh City, National Influenza Center-2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kortney M. Gustin
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pham Thi Nhung
- Institute Pasteur-Ho Chi Minh City, National Influenza Center-2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Joyce Jones
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ngoc Nguyen Thu
- Institute Pasteur-Ho Chi Minh City, National Influenza Center-2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - William Davis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Thao Nguyen Thi Ngoc
- Institute Pasteur-Ho Chi Minh City, National Influenza Center-2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yunho Jang
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Katrina Sleeman
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Julie Villanueva
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James Kile
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Larisa V. Gubareva
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Terrence M. Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NTL); (CTD)
| | - Nguyen Thanh Long
- Institute Pasteur-Ho Chi Minh City, National Influenza Center-2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- * E-mail: (NTL); (CTD)
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Alkhamis MA, Moore BR, Perez AM. Phylodynamics of H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Europe, 2005-2010: Potential for Molecular Surveillance of New Outbreaks. Viruses 2015; 7:3310-28. [PMID: 26110587 PMCID: PMC4488740 DOI: 10.3390/v7062773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous Bayesian phylogeographic studies of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) explored the origin and spread of the epidemic from China into Russia, indicating that HPAIV circulated in Russia prior to its detection there in 2005. In this study, we extend this research to explore the evolution and spread of HPAIV within Europe during the 2005-2010 epidemic, using all available sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene regions that were collected in Europe and Russia during the outbreak. We use discrete-trait phylodynamic models within a Bayesian statistical framework to explore the evolution of HPAIV. Our results indicate that the genetic diversity and effective population size of HPAIV peaked between mid-2005 and early 2006, followed by drastic decline in 2007, which coincides with the end of the epidemic in Europe. Our results also suggest that domestic birds were the most likely source of the spread of the virus from Russia into Europe. Additionally, estimates of viral dispersal routes indicate that Russia, Romania, and Germany were key epicenters of these outbreaks. Our study quantifies the dynamics of a major European HPAIV pandemic and substantiates the ability of phylodynamic models to improve molecular surveillance of novel AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Alkhamis
- Environmental and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, Safat 13109, Kuwait.
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MA 55108, USA.
| | - Brian R Moore
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, Center for Population Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Andres M Perez
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MA 55108, USA.
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Antigenic and genetic characteristics of zoonotic influenza viruses and development of candidate vaccine viruses for pandemic preparedness. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2015; 90:109-20. [PMID: 25796641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Birds
- Global Health
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A virus/classification
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/supply & distribution
- Influenza in Birds/epidemiology
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Phylogeny
- Swine
- Zoonoses/epidemiology
- Zoonoses/virology
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Tian H, Cui Y, Dong L, Zhou S, Li X, Huang S, Yang R, Xu B. Spatial, temporal and genetic dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in China. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:54. [PMID: 25887370 PMCID: PMC4329208 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0770-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spatial spread of H5N1 avian influenza, significant ongoing mutations, and long-term persistence of the virus in some geographic regions has had an enormous impact on the poultry industry and presents a serious threat to human health. METHODS We applied phylogenetic analysis, geospatial techniques, and time series models to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of H5N1 outbreaks in China and the effect of vaccination on virus evolution. RESULTS Results showed obvious spatial and temporal clusters of H5N1 outbreaks on different scales, which may have been associated with poultry and wild-bird transmission modes of H5N1 viruses. Lead-lag relationships were found among poultry and wild-bird outbreaks and human cases. Human cases were preceded by poultry outbreaks, and wild-bird outbreaks were led by human cases. Each clade has gained its own unique spatiotemporal and genetic dominance. Genetic diversity of the H5N1 virus decreased significantly between 1996 and 2011; presumably under strong selective pressure of vaccination. Mean evolutionary rates of H5N1 virus increased after vaccination was adopted in China. A clear signature of positively selected sites in the clade 2.3.2 virus was discovered and this may have resulted in the emergence of clade 2.3.2.1. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed two different transmission modes of H5N1 viruses in China, and indicated a significant role of poultry in virus dissemination. Furthermore, selective pressure posed by vaccination was found in virus evolution in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Lu Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Sen Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiaowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shanqian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Bing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Kang HM, Lee EK, Song BM, Jeong J, Choi JG, Jeong J, Moon OK, Yoon H, Cho Y, Kang YM, Lee HS, Lee YJ. Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses among inoculated domestic and wild ducks, South Korea, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21:298-304. [PMID: 25625281 PMCID: PMC4313655 DOI: 10.3201/eid2102.141268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, caused by a novel reassortant influenza A (H5N8) virus, occurred among poultry and wild birds in South Korea in 2014. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenesis in and mode of transmission of this virus among domestic and wild ducks. Three of the viruses had similar pathogenicity among infected domestic ducks: the H5N8 viruses were moderately pathogenic (0%-20% mortality rate); in wild mallard ducks, the H5N8 and H5N1 viruses did not cause severe illness or death; viral replication and shedding were greater in H5N8-infected mallards than in H5N1-infected mallards. Identification of H5N8 viruses in birds exposed to infected domestic ducks and mallards indicated that the viruses could spread by contact. We propose active surveillance to support prevention of the spread of this virus among wild birds and poultry, especially domestic ducks.
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Khurana S, Coyle EM, Manischewitz J, King LR, Ishioka G, Alexander J, Smith J, Gurwith M, Golding H. Oral priming with replicating adenovirus serotype 4 followed by subunit H5N1 vaccine boost promotes antibody affinity maturation and expands H5N1 cross-clade neutralization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115476. [PMID: 25629161 PMCID: PMC4309450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A Phase I trial conducted in 2009-2010 demonstrated that oral vaccination with a replication competent Ad4-H5 (A/Vietnam) vector with dosages ranging from 107-1011 viral particles was well tolerated. HA-specific T-cell responses were efficiently induced, but very limited hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) humoral responses were measured. However, a single boost of Ad4-H5-Vtn vaccinated individuals with a unadjuvanted licensed H5N1 (A/Vietnam) subunit vaccine resulted in superior HI titers compared with unprimed subjects. In the current study, the impact of Ad4-H5 priming on the quality of the polyclonal humoral immune response was evaluated using a real-time kinetics assay by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Total binding of serum polyclonal antibodies from the Ad4-H5-Vtn primed groups against both homologous H5N1-A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (clade 1) and heterologous A/Indonesia-5/2005 (clade 2.1) HA1 head domain was significantly higher compared with sera from individuals that received subunit H5N1 vaccination alone. SPR measurements also demonstrated that the antigen-antibody complex dissociation rates (a surrogate for antibody affinity) of serum antibodies against the HA1 of H5N1-A/Vietnam were significantly higher in the Ad4-H5 primed groups compared with those from the unprimed group. Furthermore, strong correlations were observed between the antibody affinities for HA1 (but not HA2) and the virus neutralization titers against the homologous strain and a panel of heterologous clade 2 H5N1 strains. These findings support the concept of oral prime-boost vaccine approaches against pandemic influenza to elicit long-term memory B cells with high affinity capable of rapid response to variant pandemic viruses likely to emerge and adapt to human transmissions.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Affinity/immunology
- Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Humans
- Immunization, Secondary
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, 20903
- * E-mail: (SK); (HG)
| | - Elizabeth M. Coyle
- Division of Viral products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, 20903
| | - Jody Manischewitz
- Division of Viral products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, 20903
| | - Lisa R. King
- Division of Viral products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, 20903
| | - Glenn Ishioka
- PaxVax, San Diego, CA, United States of America, 92121
| | | | - Jon Smith
- PaxVax, San Diego, CA, United States of America, 92121
| | - Marc Gurwith
- PaxVax, Redwood City, CA, United States of America, 94063
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America, 20903
- * E-mail: (SK); (HG)
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Lee YJ, Kang HM, Lee EK, Song BM, Jeong J, Kwon YK, Kim HR, Lee KJ, Hong MS, Jang I, Choi KS, Kim JY, Lee HJ, Kang MS, Jeong OM, Baek JH, Joo YS, Park YH, Lee HS. Novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses, South Korea, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1087-9. [PMID: 24856098 PMCID: PMC4036756 DOI: 10.3201/eid2006.140233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Pabbaraju K, Tellier R, Wong S, Li Y, Bastien N, Tang JW, Drews SJ, Jang Y, Davis CT, Fonseca K, Tipples GA. Full-genome analysis of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus from a human, North America, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 20:887-91. [PMID: 24755439 PMCID: PMC4012823 DOI: 10.3201/eid2005.140164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Full-genome analysis was conducted on the first isolate of a highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus from a human in North America. The virus has a hemagglutinin gene of clade 2.3.2.1c and is a reassortant with an H9N2 subtype lineage polymerase basic 2 gene. No mutations conferring resistance to adamantanes or neuraminidase inhibitors were found.
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32
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Gu M, Zhao G, Zhao K, Zhong L, Huang J, Wan H, Wang X, Liu W, Liu H, Peng D, Liu X. Novel variants of clade 2.3.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:2021-4. [PMID: 24274396 PMCID: PMC3840869 DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.130340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized 7 highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses isolated from poultry in China during 2009–2012 and found that they belong to clade 2.3.4 but do not fit within the 3 defined subclades. Antigenic drift in subtype H5N1 variants may reduce the efficacy of vaccines designed to control these viruses in poultry.
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Zhong L, Zhao Q, Zhao K, Wang X, Zhao G, Li Q, Gu M, Peng D, Liu X. The antigenic drift molecular basis of the H5N1 influenza viruses in a novel branch of clade 2.3.4. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:23-30. [PMID: 24745625 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
H5N1 subtype influenza A virus has evolved into many HA clades since late 1990 s. Six circulating H5N1 influenza viruses clustered to a novel branch in clade 2.3.4 and could escape vaccine protection, indicating their antigenic drift. Eleven amino acids substitutions in three antigenic sites of the hemagglutinin of these isolates were found when compared with the hemagglutinin of the primary viruses in clade 2.3.4. On the backbone of the novel isolates A/chicken/Northern China/k0602/2010, we generated a panel of recombinant viruses with HA mutations of restoring the primary vaccine strain Re-5's amino acid and homologous antisera to determine the role of these substitutions. The results of cross-HI assay, micro-neutralization assay and the antigen map of the mutated recombinant viruses showed that three substitutions in antigenic site B, especially D205K, are the major contributors to the antigenic drift of the novel branch of clade 2.3.4. Our study highlights the importance of surveillance of antigenic drift of H5N1 viruses for the control and preparedness of pandemic threats.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/chemistry
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Chickens
- China
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Immune Sera/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/immunology
- Influenza in Birds/mortality
- Influenza in Birds/pathology
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutation
- Phylogeny
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Random Allocation
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Kunkun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Guo Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Qunhui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Min Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Daxin Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Shepard SS, Davis CT, Bahl J, Rivailler P, York IA, Donis RO. LABEL: fast and accurate lineage assignment with assessment of H5N1 and H9N2 influenza A hemagglutinins. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86921. [PMID: 24466291 PMCID: PMC3900692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary classification of influenza genes into lineages is a first step in understanding their molecular epidemiology and can inform the subsequent implementation of control measures. We introduce a novel approach called Lineage Assignment By Extended Learning (LABEL) to rapidly determine cladistic information for any number of genes without the need for time-consuming sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction, or manual annotation. Instead, LABEL relies on hidden Markov model profiles and support vector machine training to hierarchically classify gene sequences by their similarity to pre-defined lineages. We assessed LABEL by analyzing the annotated hemagglutinin genes of highly pathogenic (H5N1) and low pathogenicity (H9N2) avian influenza A viruses. Using the WHO/FAO/OIE H5N1 evolution working group nomenclature, the LABEL pipeline quickly and accurately identified the H5 lineages of uncharacterized sequences. Moreover, we developed an updated clade nomenclature for the H9 hemagglutinin gene and show a similarly fast and reliable phylogenetic assessment with LABEL. While this study was focused on hemagglutinin sequences, LABEL could be applied to the analysis of any gene and shows great potential to guide molecular epidemiology activities, accelerate database annotation, and provide a data sorting tool for other large-scale bioinformatic studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bayes Theorem
- Cell Lineage
- Chickens
- Evolution, Molecular
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/analysis
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza in Birds/genetics
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Phylogeny
- Poultry Diseases/virology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Software
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Shepard
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Justin Bahl
- Laboratory of Virus Evolution in Program of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pierre Rivailler
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ian A. York
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ruben O. Donis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Wibawa H, Bingham J, Nuradji H, Lowther S, Payne J, Harper J, Junaidi A, Middleton D, Meers J. Experimentally infected domestic ducks show efficient transmission of Indonesian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, but lack persistent viral shedding. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83417. [PMID: 24392085 PMCID: PMC3879242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ducks are important maintenance hosts for avian influenza, including H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. A previous study indicated that persistence of H5N1 viruses in ducks after the development of humoral immunity may drive viral evolution following immune selection. As H5N1 HPAI is endemic in Indonesia, this mechanism may be important in understanding H5N1 evolution in that region. To determine the capability of domestic ducks to maintain prolonged shedding of Indonesian clade 2.1 H5N1 virus, two groups of Pekin ducks were inoculated through the eyes, nostrils and oropharynx and viral shedding and transmission investigated. Inoculated ducks (n = 15), which were mostly asymptomatic, shed infectious virus from the oral route from 1 to 8 days post inoculation, and from the cloacal route from 2–8 dpi. Viral ribonucleic acid was detected from 1–15 days post inoculation from the oral route and 1–24 days post inoculation from the cloacal route (cycle threshold <40). Most ducks seroconverted in a range of serological tests by 15 days post inoculation. Virus was efficiently transmitted during acute infection (5 inoculation-infected to all 5 contact ducks). However, no evidence for transmission, as determined by seroconversion and viral shedding, was found between an inoculation-infected group (n = 10) and contact ducks (n = 9) when the two groups only had contact after 10 days post inoculation. Clinical disease was more frequent and more severe in contact-infected (2 of 5) than inoculation-infected ducks (1 of 15). We conclude that Indonesian clade 2.1 H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus does not persist in individual ducks after acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendra Wibawa
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Disease Investigation Centre Regional IV Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - John Bingham
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Harimurti Nuradji
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sue Lowther
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jean Payne
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jenni Harper
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Akhmad Junaidi
- Disease Investigation Centre Regional IV Wates, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Deborah Middleton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Australia
| | - Joanne Meers
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Kang HM, Choi JG, Kim KI, Kim BS, Batchuluun D, Erdene-Ochir TO, Kim MC, Kwon JH, Park CK, Lee YJ. Pathogenicity in domestic ducks and mice of highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1 influenza viruses recently circulating in Eastern Asia. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:327-33. [PMID: 24120936 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus A (H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1 has recently caused widespread outbreaks of disease in domestic poultry and wild birds in Eastern Asia. In the current study, the antigenicity and pathogenicity of three clade 2.3.2.1 viruses (Ck/Kr/Gimje/08, Ws/Mongolia/1/09, and Ws/Mongolia/7/10) were investigated in domestic ducks and mice. The H5N1 influenza viruses in this study were antigenically similar to each other (r-values of 0.35-1.4). The three viruses replicated systemically in all tissues tested in domestic ducks, indicating high pathogenicity. However, the viruses produced different clinical signs and mortality rates: Ck/Kr/Gimje/08 and Ws/Mongolia/1/09 resulted in 100% mortality with severe neurological signs, whereas Ws/Mongolia/7/10 resulted in 50% mortality with relatively mild neurological signs. In mice, infection with Ck/Kr/Gimje/08 and Ws/Mongolia/7/10 resulted in weight loss that peaked at 4 days post-infection (22.3% and 20.8%, respectively), same MLD50 (2.2 Log10 EID50) and systemic replication. The three viruses had K deletion at the -2 position of the HA1-connecting peptide (PQRERRRK-R), which is associated with increased virulence in domestic ducks and harbored NA stalk deletion, NS1 deletion and mutation of P42S in NS1, and full length (90aa) in PB1-F2, which confer increased virulence in mice. Our study shows that clade 2.3.2.1 viruses from Korea and Mongolia are antigenically similar and highly pathogenic in both domestic ducks and mice. Moreover, we provide molecular determinants of the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses associated with the pathogenicity in domestic ducks and mice, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Mi Kang
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was first detected in the goose population of Guangdong, China in 1996. The viruses in this lineage are unique in their ecological success, demonstrating an extremely broad host range and becoming established in poultry over much of Asia and in Africa. H5N1 viruses have also diverged into multiple clades and subclades that generally do not cross neutralize, which has greatly confounded control measures in poultry and pre-pandemic vaccine strain selection. Although H5N1 viruses currently cannot transmit efficiently between mammals they exhibit high mortality in humans and recent experimental studies have shown that it is possible to generate an H5N1 virus that is transmissible in mammals. In addition to causing unprecedented economic losses, the long-term presence of the H5N1 virus in poultry and its frequent introductions to humans continue to pose a significant pandemic threat. Here we provide a summary of the genesis, molecular epidemiology and evolution of this H5N1 lineage, particularly the factors that have contributed to the continued diversification and ecological success of H5N1 viruses, with particular reference to the poultry production systems they have emerged from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Center of Influenza Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- International Institution of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Gavin J.D. Smith
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Box 90519, Durham, North Carolina 27708
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Abstract
The high pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses in sporadic infections of humans has raised concerns for its potential to acquire the ability to transmit between humans and emerge as a highly pathogenic pandemic virus. Because avian and human influenza viruses differ in their specificity for recognition of their host cell receptors, receptor specificity represents one barrier for efficient transmission of avian viruses in human hosts. Over the last century, each influenza virus pandemic has coincided with the emergence of virus with an immunologically distinct hemagglutinin exhibiting a 'human-type' receptor specificity, distinct from that of viruses with the same hemagglutinin circulating in zoonotic species. Recent studies suggest that it is possible for H5N1 to acquire human type receptor specificity, but this has not occurred in nature. This review covers what is known about the molecular basis for the switch between avian and human-type receptor specificity for influenza viruses that have successfully adapted to man, the potential for H5N1 to evolve to human-type receptor specificity and its relevance to pandemic risk.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Birds
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/chemistry
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza in Birds/epidemiology
- Influenza in Birds/genetics
- Influenza in Birds/metabolism
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/genetics
- Influenza, Human/metabolism
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Pandemics
- Receptors, Virus/genetics
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Paulson
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
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Krejcova L, Hynek D, Kopel P, Merlos Rodrigo MA, Adam V, Hubalek J, Babula P, Trnkova L, Kizek R. Development of a magnetic electrochemical bar code array for point mutation detection in the H5N1 neuraminidase gene. Viruses 2013; 5:1719-39. [PMID: 23860384 PMCID: PMC3738958 DOI: 10.3390/v5071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first official detection in the Guangdong province of China in 1996, the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of H5N1 subtype (HPAI H5N1) has reportedly been the cause of outbreaks in birds in more than 60 countries, 24 of which were European. The main issue is still to develop effective antiviral drugs. In this case, single point mutation in the neuraminidase gene, which causes resistance to antiviral drug and is, therefore, subjected to many studies including ours, was observed. In this study, we developed magnetic electrochemical bar code array for detection of single point mutations (mismatches in up to four nucleotides) in H5N1 neuraminidase gene. Paramagnetic particles Dynabeads® with covalently bound oligo (dT)25 were used as a tool for isolation of complementary H5N1 chains (H5N1 Zhejin, China and Aichi). For detection of H5N1 chains, oligonucleotide chains of lengths of 12 (+5 adenine) or 28 (+5 adenine) bp labeled with quantum dots (CdS, ZnS and/or PbS) were used. Individual probes hybridized to target molecules specifically with efficiency higher than 60%. The obtained signals identified mutations present in the sequence. Suggested experimental procedure allows obtaining further information from the redox signals of nucleic acids. Moreover, the used biosensor exhibits sequence specificity and low limits of detection of subnanogram quantities of target nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Krejcova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.K.); (D.H.); (P.K.); (M.A.M.R.); (V.A.); (L.T.)
| | - David Hynek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.K.); (D.H.); (P.K.); (M.A.M.R.); (V.A.); (L.T.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.K.); (D.H.); (P.K.); (M.A.M.R.); (V.A.); (L.T.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.K.); (D.H.); (P.K.); (M.A.M.R.); (V.A.); (L.T.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.K.); (D.H.); (P.K.); (M.A.M.R.); (V.A.); (L.T.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.H.); (P.B.)
| | - Jaromir Hubalek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.H.); (P.B.)
- Department of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.H.); (P.B.)
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1-3, Brno CZ-612 42, Czech Republic
| | - Libuse Trnkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.K.); (D.H.); (P.K.); (M.A.M.R.); (V.A.); (L.T.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.H.); (P.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno CZ-611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (L.K.); (D.H.); (P.K.); (M.A.M.R.); (V.A.); (L.T.)
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic; E-Mails: (J.H.); (P.B.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +420-545-133-350; Fax: +420-545-212-044
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Xiao X, Zhang WD, Duan BF, Zhao HY, Liu QL, Hu TS, Qiu W, Feng ZL, Zheng Y, Fan QS, Zhang YG, Zhang FQ. [Genetic evolution analysis of matrix protein 2 gene of avian influenza H5N1 viruses from boundary of Yunnan province]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2013; 47:514-517. [PMID: 24113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the variation in characterizations and genetic evolution of the matrix protein 2 or ion channel protein(M2) genes of avian influenza subtype H5N1 viruses in the boundary region of Yunnan province from 2008 to 2012. METHODS A total of swab samples were collected from foreign poultry such as the junction between Yunnan and Vietnam, Laos,myanmar and wild birds in boundary region of Yunnan province from 2008 to 2012 and screened by H5N1 subtype-specific multiplex RT-PCR. The M genes of H5N1 virus from the positive samples were amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD18-T vectors for sequencing. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of M2 genes were performed with sequences of the known reference strains. RESULTS A total of 71 positive samples were found out of 1240 samples and the positive rate was 5.72%. A total of 14 different M2 sequences were obtained from 30 positive samples and were divided into 3 distinct clades or sub-clades(1.2.1, 1.2.2 and 2) by phylogenetic analysis, 5, 7 and 2, respectively. The M2 genes and Hemagglutinin(HA) genes of H5N1 viruses from the boundary region of Yunnan province had showed different relationship of genetic evolution. The substitution or mutation of key amino acids sites had been found among the domains of epitope, adamantane-resistance, and poultry or human original viral strains. CONCLUSION The M2 genes of H5N1 subtype viruses in boundary region of Yunnan province from 2008 to 2012 showed genetic divergence and the virus of clade 1.2.2 had become dominant epidemic strain in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming 650201, China
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41
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Perovic VR, Muller CP, Niman HL, Veljkovic N, Dietrich U, Tosic DD, Glisic S, Veljkovic V. Novel phylogenetic algorithm to monitor human tropism in Egyptian H5N1-HPAIV reveals evolution toward efficient human-to-human transmission. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61572. [PMID: 23658611 PMCID: PMC3637272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Years of endemic infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A subtype H5N1 virus in poultry and high numbers of infections in humans provide ample opportunity in Egypt for H5N1-HPAIV to develop pandemic potential. In an effort to better understand the viral determinants that facilitate human infections of the Egyptian H5N1-HPAIVvirus, we developed a new phylogenetic algorithm based on a new distance measure derived from the informational spectrum method (ISM). This new approach, which describes functional aspects of the evolution of the hemagglutinin subunit 1 (HA1), revealed a growing group G2 of H5N1-HPAIV in Egypt after 2009 that acquired new informational spectrum (IS) properties suggestive of an increased human tropism and pandemic potential. While in 2006 all viruses in Egypt belonged to the G1 group, by 2011 these viruses were virtually replaced by G2 viruses. All of the G2 viruses displayed four characteristic mutations (D43N, S120(D,N), (S,L)129Δ and I151T), three of which were previously reported to increase binding to the human receptor. Already in 2006-2008 G2 viruses were significantly (p<0.02) more often found in humans than expected from their overall prevalence and this further increased in 2009-2011 (p<0.007). Our approach also identified viruses that acquired additional mutations that we predict to further enhance their human tropism. The extensive evolution of Egyptian H5N1-HPAIV towards a preferential human tropism underlines an urgent need to closely monitor these viruses with respect to molecular determinants of virulence.
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MESH Headings
- Algorithms
- Animals
- Chickens
- Egypt/epidemiology
- Epidemiological Monitoring
- Evolution, Molecular
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/classification
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza in Birds/epidemiology
- Influenza in Birds/transmission
- Influenza in Birds/virology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/transmission
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mutation
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Phylogeny
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Viral Tropism/genetics
- Virulence
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R. Perovic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Claude P. Muller
- Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé/Laboratoire National de Santé, Luxembourg, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Henry L. Niman
- Recombinomics, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nevena Veljkovic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ursula Dietrich
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute of Biomedical Research, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
| | - Dusan D. Tosic
- Faculty of Mathematics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Glisic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Veljko Veljkovic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Govorkova EA, Baranovich T, Seiler P, Armstrong J, Burnham A, Guan Y, Peiris M, Webby RJ, Webster RG. Antiviral resistance among highly pathogenic influenza A (H5N1) viruses isolated worldwide in 2002-2012 shows need for continued monitoring. Antiviral Res 2013; 98:297-304. [PMID: 23458714 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 influenza viruses are evolving pathogens with the potential to cause sustained human-to-human transmission and pandemic virus spread. Specific antiviral drugs can play an important role in the early stages of a pandemic, but the emergence of drug-resistant variants can limit control options. The available data on the susceptibility of HP H5N1 influenza viruses to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and adamantanes is scarce, and there is no extensive analysis. Here, we systematically examined the prevalence of NA inhibitor and adamantane resistance among HP H5N1 influenza viruses that circulated worldwide during 2002-2012. The phenotypic fluorescence-based assay showed that both human and avian HP H5N1 viruses are susceptible to NA inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir with little variability over time and ∼5.5-fold less susceptibility to oseltamivir of viruses of hemagglutinin (HA) clade 2 than of clade 1. Analysis of available sequence data revealed a low incidence of NA inhibitor-resistant variants. The established markers of NA inhibitor resistance (E119A, H274Y, and N294S, N2 numbering) were found in 2.4% of human and 0.8% of avian isolates, and the markers of reduced susceptibility (I117V, K150N, I222V/T/K, and S246N) were found in 0.8% of human and 2.9% of avian isolates. The frequency of amantadine-resistant variants was higher among human (62.2%) than avian (31.6%) viruses with disproportionate distribution among different HA clades. As in human isolates, avian H5N1 viruses carry double L26I and S31N M2 mutations more often than a single S31N mutation. Overall, both human and avian HP H5N1 influenza viruses are susceptible to NA inhibitors; some proportion is still susceptible to amantadine in contrast to ∼100% amantadine resistance among currently circulating seasonal human H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Continued antiviral susceptibility monitoring of H5N1 viruses is needed to maintain therapeutic approaches for control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A Govorkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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43
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Zhao D, Liang L, Li Y, Jiang Y, Liu L, Chen H. Phylogenetic and pathogenic analyses of avian influenza A H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry in Vietnam. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50959. [PMID: 23226433 PMCID: PMC3511418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great efforts to control the infection of poultry with H5N1 viruses, these pathogens continue to evolve and spread in nature, threatening public health. Elucidating the characteristics of H5N1 avian influenza virus will benefit disease control and pandemic preparation. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 15 H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated in Vietnam in 2006 and 2007 and performed phylogenetic analyses to compare these sequences with those of other viruses available in the public databases. Molecular characterization of the H5N1 viruses revealed that seven genetically distinct clades of H5N1 viruses have appeared in Vietnam. Clade 2.3.4 viruses existed in Vietnam as early as 2005. Fifteen viruses isolated during 2006 and 2007 belonged to clade 1 and clade 2.3.4, and were divided into five genotypes. Reassortants between the clade 1 and clade 2.3.4 viruses were detected in both North and South Vietnam. We also assessed the replication and pathogenicity of these viruses in mice and found that these isolates replicated efficiently and exhibited distinct virulence in mice. Our results provide important information regarding the diversity of H5N1 viruses in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Libin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Sakurai A, Shibasaki F. Updated values for molecular diagnosis for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Viruses 2012; 4:1235-57. [PMID: 23012622 PMCID: PMC3446759 DOI: 10.3390/v4081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N1 strain pose a pandemic threat. H5N1 strain virus is extremely lethal and contagious for poultry. Even though mortality is 59% in infected humans, these viruses do not spread efficiently between humans. In 1997, an outbreak of H5N1 strain with human cases occurred in Hong Kong. This event highlighted the need for rapid identification and subtyping of influenza A viruses (IAV), not only to facilitate surveillance of the pandemic potential of avian IAV, but also to improve the control and treatment of infected patients. Molecular diagnosis has played a key role in the detection and typing of IAV in recent years, spurred by rapid advances in technologies for detection and characterization of viral RNAs and proteins. Such technologies, which include immunochromatography, quantitative real-time PCR, super high-speed real-time PCR, and isothermal DNA amplification, are expected to contribute to faster and easier diagnosis and typing of IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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45
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Chen W, Sun S, Li Z. Two glycosylation sites in H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin that affect binding preference by computer-based analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38794. [PMID: 22719948 PMCID: PMC3375263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of H5N1 influenza viruses (IVs) are responsible for human deaths, especially in North Africa and Southeast Asian. The binding of hemagglutinin (HA) on the viral surface to host sialic acid (SA) receptors is a requisite step in the infection process. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that H5N1 viruses can be divided into 10 clades based on their HA sequences, with most human IVs centered from clade 1 and clade 2.1 to clade 2.3. Protein sequence alignment in various clades indicates the high conservation in the receptor-binding domains (RBDs) is essential for binding with the SA receptor. Two glycosylation sites, 158N and 169N, also participate in receptor recognition. In the present work, we attempted to construct a serial H5N1 HA models including diverse glycosylated HAs to simulate the binding process with various SA receptors in silico. As the SA-α-2,3-Gal and SA-α-2,6-Gal receptor adopted two distinctive topologies, straight and fishhook-like, respectively, the presence of N-glycans at 158N would decrease the affinity of HA for all of the receptors, particularly SA-α-2,6-Gal analogs. The steric clashes of the huge glycans shown at another glycosylation site, 169N, located on an adjacent HA monomer, would be more effective in preventing the binding of SA-α-2,3-Gal analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Chen
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shisheng Sun
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Chemistry Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Zheng Li
- Laboratory for Functional Glycomics, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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46
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Ge E, Haining R, Li CP, Yu Z, Waye MY, Chu KH, Leung Y. Using knowledge fusion to analyze avian influenza H5N1 in East and Southeast Asia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29617. [PMID: 22615729 PMCID: PMC3355188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, a disease associated with high rates of mortality in infected human populations, poses a serious threat to public health in many parts of the world. This article reports findings from a study aimed at improving our understanding of the spatial pattern of the highly pathogenic avian influenza, H5N1, risk in East-Southeast Asia where the disease is both persistent and devastating. Though many disciplines have made important contributions to our understanding of H5N1, it remains a challenge to integrate knowledge from different disciplines. This study applies genetic analysis that identifies the evolution of the H5N1 virus in space and time, epidemiological analysis that determines socio-ecological factors associated with H5N1 occurrence, and statistical analysis that identifies outbreak clusters, and then applies a methodology to formally integrate the findings of the three sets of methodologies. The present study is novel in two respects. First it makes the initiative attempt to use genetic sequences and space-time data to create a space-time phylogenetic tree to estimate and map the virus' ability to spread. Second, by integrating the results we are able to generate insights into the space-time occurrence and spread of H5N1 that we believe have a higher level of corroboration than is possible when analysis is based on only one methodology. Our research identifies links between the occurrence of H5N1 by area and a set of socio-ecological factors including altitude, population density, poultry density, and the shortest path distances to inland water, coastlines, migrating routes, railways, and roads. This study seeks to lay a solid foundation for the interdisciplinary study of this and other influenza outbreaks. It will provide substantive information for containing H5N1 outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjia Ge
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert Haining
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chi Pang Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuguo Yu
- School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province, China
| | - Miu Yee Waye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yee Leung
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail:
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Ou XH, Zhang RS, Song KY, Chen TM, Liu RC, Sun BC, Chen FM. [Genetic analysis of the NS genes of H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated from sewage in poultry markets]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2012; 28:265-271. [PMID: 22764530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the transmission risk of H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIV) from sewage in Changsha poultry markets, the evolution relationship and molecular characteristics of non-structural (NS) genes of H5N1 AIV from sewage were analyzed. Nine H5N1 AIV environmental sewage specimens were collected from Changsha poultry markets. The NS genes were amplifyed by PCR and then sequenced with TA cloning. Amino acid(aa) sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis were conducted by Lasergene and Mega5 software. Eight NS genes TA cloning were constructed successfully. Phylogenetic tree indicated that they were belonged to the allele A subgroup. Aa homology analysis showed 90.1% 92.5% identity in NS1 proteins and 91.0% - 92.6% identity in NS2 proteins compared with reference viruses of the allele A (A/chicken/ Hubei/ w h/ 1999). The homologies of the amino sequences of NS1 and NS2 in this study were 93.8%-100.0% and 98.4%-100.0%, respectively. The C terminal of all eight H5N1 NS1 proteins from sewage in poultry markets carried a ESEV of PL motif and the 92 amino acids were E, furthermore, the 80 to 84aa were missed which were the characteristics of highly pathogenic AIV. The NS genes of H5N1 AIV from sewage in poultry markets have molecular characteristics of highly pathogenic and have the potential risk of H5N1 virus spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hua Ou
- Changsha Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410001, China.
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Yang P, Duan Y, Zhang P, Li Z, Wang C, Dong M, Tang C, Xing L, Gu H, Zhao Z, Liu X, Zhang S, Wang X. Multiple-clade H5N1 influenza split vaccine elicits broad cross protection against lethal influenza virus challenge in mice by intranasal vaccination. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30252. [PMID: 22279575 PMCID: PMC3261182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in recent outbreaks and unpredictable changes of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in birds and humans highlights the urgent need to develop a cross-protective H5N1 vaccine. We here report our development of a multiple-clade H5N1 influenza vaccine tested for immunogenicity and efficacy to confer cross-protection in an animal model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice received two doses of influenza split vaccine with oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant SP01 by intranasal administration separated by two weeks. Single vaccines (3 µg HA per dose) included rg-A/Vietnam/1203/2004(Clade 1), rg-A/Indonesia/05/2005(Clade 2.1), and rg-A/Anhui/1/2005(Clade 2.3.4). The trivalent vaccine contained 1 µg HA per dose of each single vaccine. Importantly, complete cross-protection was observed in mice immunized using trivalent vaccine with oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant SP01 that was subsequently challenged with the lethal A/OT/SZ/097/03 influenza strain (Clade 0), whereas only the survival rate was up to 60% in single A/Anhui/1/2005 vaccine group. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrated that the multiple-clade H5N1 influenza vaccine was able to elicit a cross-protective immune response to heterologous HPAI H5N1 virus, thus giving rise to a broadly cross-reactive vaccine to potential prevention use ahead of the strain-specific pandemic influenza vaccine in the event of an HPAI H5N1 influenza outbreak. Also, the multiple-clade adjuvanted vaccine could be useful in allowing timely initiation of vaccination against unknown pandemic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Yueqiang Duan
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Peirui Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Tang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Li Xing
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shaogeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiliang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing, China
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Sharshov KA, Durymanov AG, Romanovskaia AA, Zaĭkovskaia AV, Marchenko VI, Silko NI, Il'inykh FA, Susloparov IM, Alekseev AI, Shestopalov AM. [Molecular-biological and antigenic features of H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic influenza virus strains isolated in southern Siberia in 2005-2009]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2011:40-43. [PMID: 22145348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Study of molecular-biological and antigenic features of H5N1 subtype virus strains isolated in southern Siberia in 2005-2009. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study was performed by using standard procedures according to WHO recommendations. RESULTS Hemagglutinin gene of H5N1 subtype virus strain isolated in Siberia belongs to 2 genetical lineages: 2.2 and 2.3.2. Strains of these 2 lineages have antigenic differences. All of the strains are highly pathogenic for chicken and white mice. CONCLUSION H5N1 subtype highly pathogenic influenza virus variants of 2 different antigenic lineages that have antigenic differences circulated in Siberia in 2005-2009. A possible role of antigenic drift in evolution of H5N1 subtype influenza virus is discussed.
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Hu X, Liu D, Wang M, Yang L, Wang M, Zhu Q, Li L, Gao GF. Clade 2.3.2 avian influenza virus (H5N1), Qinghai Lake region, China, 2009-2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:560-2. [PMID: 21392463 PMCID: PMC3166005 DOI: 10.3201/eid1703.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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