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Jang SG, Kim YI, Casel MAB, Choi JH, Gil JR, Rollon R, Kim EH, Kim SM, Ji HY, Park DB, Hwang J, Ahn JW, Kim MH, Song MS, Choi YK. HA N193D substitution in the HPAI H5N1 virus alters receptor binding affinity and enhances virulence in mammalian hosts. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2302854. [PMID: 38189114 PMCID: PMC10840603 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2302854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
During the 2021/2022 winter season, we isolated highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses harbouring an amino acid substitution from Asparagine(N) to Aspartic acid (D) at residue 193 of the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor binding domain (RBD) from migratory birds in South Korea. Herein, we investigated the characteristics of the N193D HA-RBD substitution in the A/CommonTeal/Korea/W811/2021[CT/W811] virus by using recombinant viruses engineered via reverse genetics (RG). A receptor affinity assay revealed that the N193D HA-RBD substitution in CT/W811 increases α2,6 sialic acid receptor binding affinity. The rCT/W811-HA193N virus caused rapid lethality with high virus titres in chickens compared with the rCT/W811-HA193D virus, while the rCT/W811-HA193D virus exhibited enhanced virulence in mammalian hosts with multiple tissue tropism. Surprisingly, a ferret-to-ferret transmission assay revealed that rCT/W811-HA193D virus replicates well in the respiratory tract, at a rate about 10 times higher than that of rCT/W811-HA193N, and all rCT/W811-HA193D direct contact ferrets were seroconverted at 10 days post-contact. Further, competition transmission assay of the two viruses revealed that rCT/W811-HA193D has enhanced growth kinetics compared with the rCT/W811-HA193N, eventually becoming the dominant strain in nasal turbinates. Further, rCT/W811-HA193D exhibits high infectivity in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, suggesting the potential for human infection. Taken together, the HA-193D containing HPAI H5N1 virus from migratory birds showed enhanced virulence in mammalian hosts, but not in avian hosts, with multi-organ replication and ferret-to-ferret transmission. Thus, this suggests that HA-193D change increases the probability of HPAI H5N1 infection and transmission in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Anthony B. Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ryeon Gil
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Ji
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Bin Park
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Hwang
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Ahn
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hee Kim
- Microbiome Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Si YJ, Jang SG, Kim YI, Casel MAB, Kim DJ, Ji HY, Choi JH, Gil JR, Rollon R, Jang H, Cheun SY, Kim EH, Jeong H, Choi YK. Evolutional dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 genotypes in wintering bird habitats: Insights from South Korea's 2020-2021 season. One Health 2024; 18:100719. [PMID: 38585666 PMCID: PMC10995977 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The winter of 2020-2021 in South Korea witnessed severe outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) viruses, specifically multiple genotypes of the H5N8 subtype. These outbreaks prompted an extensive investigation into the genetic characteristics and evolutionary dynamics of these viruses. Under the auspices of the National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), we conducted a nationwide surveillance program, collecting 7588 specimens from diverse wild bird habitats. Influenza A viruses were isolated at a rate of 5.0%, with HPAI H5N8 viruses accounting for 38.5% of isolates, predominantly found in wild bird carcasses (97.3%). Genetic analysis revealed the emergence of novel HPAI genotypes due to genetic reassortment events. G1 and G2 viruses were separately introduced into Korea, with G1 viruses displaying dynamic behavior, resulting in diverse sub-genotypes (G1-1 to G1-5) and mainly isolated from clinical specimens. Conversely, the G2 virus, introduced later, became the dominant strain consistently isolated mainly from bird carcasses (88.9%). These findings underscore the emergence of numerous novel HPAI genotypes shaped by multiple reassortment events in high-density wintering grounds of migratory birds. These sites act as hotspots for genetic exchanges, significantly influencing avian ecology, including resident bird species, and contributing to HPAI H5N8 evolution. The genetic diversity and ongoing evolution of these viruses highlight the need for vigilant surveillance and adaptive control measures. Recognizing the potential spillover to human populations, a One Health approach is essential to mitigate the evolving threats posed by avian influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Si
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-gyu Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Mark Anthony B. Casel
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-ju Kim
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Young Ji
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Choi
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ryeon Gil
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Rare Rollon
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Jang
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Cheun
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Jeong
- National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention (NIWDC), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
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Choi YJ, Park JH, Cho S, Park H, Kim S, Kwon E, Cho HI, Nah EH. Reference intervals of cell population data parameters in Sysmex XN-Series and its patterns of changes from early adulthood to geriatric ages in South Korea. Int J Lab Hematol 2024; 46:466-473. [PMID: 38263481 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell population data (CPD) parameters may be putative biomarkers for the screening of various diseases including some infections and myelodysplastic syndrome. This study aimed to establish the age- and sex-specific reference intervals (RIs) for the CPD parameters in the Korean population. METHODS The reference population for the RIs of CPD parameters comprised 124 856 subjects aged 20-99 years. CPD parameters were obtained from Sysmex XN-2000 (Kobe, Japan) datasets from 17 health promotion centers in 13 South Korean cities. We determined significant partitions for age and sex, and calculated RIs according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS The side scattered light intensity in the neutrophil area and the lymphocyte area did not require sex-related partitioning except in those over the age of 50, among whom the lower limit (LL) and upper limit (UL) were lower in females. However, the side scattered light distribution width in the lymphocyte area required age- and sex-related partitioning, in which LL and UL were higher in females. The LL and UL of the fluorescent light distribution width were higher in males in the neutrophil area and higher in females in the lymphocyte area, but age-related partitioning was not required. The forward scattered light intensity in the neutrophil area, lymphocyte area, and monocyte area did not require age-related partitioning in males. CONCLUSION This study has determined comprehensive age- and sex-specific RIs for CPD parameters, which could help to prove the clinical significance of these parameters in the Sysmex XN-2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Ju-Heon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Seon Cho
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeran Park
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suyoung Kim
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunjoo Kwon
- Health Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Ik Cho
- MEDIcheck LAB, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Nah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
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Tamakloe R, Zhang K, Hossain A, Kim I, Park SH. Critical risk factors associated with fatal/severe crash outcomes in personal mobility device rider at-fault crashes: A two-step inter-cluster rule mining technique. Accid Anal Prev 2024; 199:107527. [PMID: 38428242 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Personal Mobility Devices (PMDs) have witnessed an extraordinary surge in popularity, emerging as a favored mode of urban transportation. This has sparked significant safety concerns, paralleled by a stark increase in PMD-involved crashes. Research indicates that PMD user behavior, especially in urban areas, is crucial in these crashes, underscoring the need for an extensive investigation into key factors, particularly those causing fatal/severe outcomes. Remarkably, there exists a noticeable gap in the research concerning the analysis of determinants behind fatal/severe PMD crashes, specifically in PMD rider-at-fault collisions. This study addresses this gap by identifying uniform groups of PMD rider-at-fault crashes and investigating cluster-specific key factor associations and determinants of fatal/severe crash outcomes using Seoul's PMD rider-at-fault crash data from 2017 to 2021. A comprehensive two-step framework, integrating Cluster Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Association Rules Mining (ARM) techniques is employed to segment PMD rider-at-fault crash data into homogeneous groups, revealing unique risk factor patterns within each cluster and further exploring the combination of factors associated with fatal/severe PMD rider-at-fault crash outcomes. CCA revealed three distinct groups: PMD-vehicle, PMD-pedestrian, and single-PMD crashes. From the ARM, it was found that fatal/severe crashes were linked to dry road conditions, male PMD users, and weekdays, irrespective of the cluster. Whereas speeding violations and side collisions were associated with fatal/severe PMD-vehicle rider-at-fault crashes, traffic control violations were related to fatal/severe PMD-pedestrian rider-at-fault crashes at pedestrian crossings. Unsafe riding practices predominantly caused single-PMD crashes during daytime hours. From the findings, engineering improvements, awareness campaigns, education, and law enforcement actions are recommended. The new insights gleaned from this research provide a foundation for informed decision-making and the implementation of policies designed to enhance PMD safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Tamakloe
- The Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 193 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, South Korea.
| | - Kaihan Zhang
- The Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 193 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, South Korea.
| | - Ahmed Hossain
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70503, Unites States.
| | - Inhi Kim
- The Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 193 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34051, South Korea.
| | - Shin Hyoung Park
- Department of Transportation Engineering, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02504, South Korea.
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Schwekendiek DJ, Jun S, Lewis JB, Park H, Choi SJ. The biological standard of living of Korean men under Confucianism, colonialism, capitalism, and communism. J Biosoc Sci 2024; 56:413-425. [PMID: 38018165 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932023000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on analysing the heights of 10,953 Korean men aged 20 to 40 years who were measured during the Joseon dynasty, the Japanese colonialisation period, and the contemporary period, the latter including both North and South Korea. This study thus provides rare long-term statistical evidence on how biological living standards have developed over several centuries, encompassing Confucianism, colonialism, capitalism, and communism. Using error bar analysis of heights for each historical sample period, this study confirms that heights rose as economic performance improved. For instance, economically poorer North Koreans were expectedly shorter, by about 6 cm, than their peers living in the developed South. Similarly, premodern inhabitants of present-day South Korea, who produced a gross domestic product (GDP) per capita below the world average, were about 4 cm shorter than contemporary South Koreans, who have a mean income above the world average. Along similar lines, North Koreans, who have a GDP per capita akin to that of the premodern Joseon dynasty, have not improved much in height. On the contrary, mean heights of North Koreans were even slightly below (by about 2.4 cm) heights of Joseon dynasty Koreans. All in all, the heights follow a U-shaped pattern across time, wherein heights were lowest during the colonial era. Heights bounced back to Joseon dynasty levels during the interwar period, a time period where South Korea benefitted from international aid, only to rise again and surpass even premodern levels under South Korea's flourishing market economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schwekendiek
- Academy of East Asian Studies, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
- Unit for Biocultural Variation and Obesity, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Seongho Jun
- Department of Social Sciences, Academy of Korean Studies, Seongnam, Korea
| | - James B Lewis
- Oriental Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wolfson College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heejin Park
- Department of Economics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, UK
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Zhao B, Kong F, Nam EW. Exploring COVID-19 Phobia among International Chinese College Students in South Korea Before Ending COVID-19 Restrictions. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:222. [PMID: 38654292 PMCID: PMC11036663 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01718-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students, considered to be the driving force of society, are highly vulnerable to COVID-19. At a time when facing a new pandemic wave in 2022, China's policy was in contrast with that of Korea. We investigated the phobia levels of international Chinese college students studying in Korea. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the frequency of use and trust of information sources, and COVID-19 phobia (C19P) among Chinese college students studying in Korea before ending related restrictions. METHODS This study employed a cross-sectional design, conducting an online survey among Chinese college students studying in Korea from April 8-15, 2022 (before Korea ended the limitations due to COVID-19). Data about 319 respondents were analyzed, including socio-demographics, information variables, knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and C19P. Hierarchical regression analysis with different models was used to examine the relationship between information trust, KAP, and C19P. RESULTS Results showed that students performed well in knowledge and preventive practices, had diverse sources of getting information related to COVID-19, and highly depended on the internet and news. Students who perceived a higher severity of infection showed higher levels of COVID-19 phobia. The tendency to wear masks with family/friends, avoid crowded places, and not agree with Korean government mitigation policies reported higher levels of COVID-19 phobia. CONCLUSIONS More authority and proactive communication strategies, such as consultations or education programs, are needed for international students to alleviate their phobias and psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, 26493, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, 26493, Wonju-si, Korea
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, China.
| | - Eun Woo Nam
- Department of Health Administration, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, 26493, Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea.
- Yonsei Global Health Center, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, 26493, Wonju-si, Korea.
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Lee OE, Shin H. Social Workers' Perspectives on Socially Isolated Older Adults Living with a Robot Companion. J Gerontol Soc Work 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38643400 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2024.2339974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Addressing depression and social isolation among solo-living older adults in South Korea requires a multi-faceted approach. This study aims to explore the advantages and obstacles of a robotic elder care program by analyzing social workers' viewpoints regarding interactions between older adults and a companion robot named Hyodol. Through the purposive sampling method, we conducted comprehensive interviews with 10 social workers who are pioneering the integration of robots in elder care. The study participants observed and compared the demographic characteristics of users and non-users, elucidated usage patterns, described the roles of robot companions, and shared remarkable instances. Overall, the experiences of these social workers underscored the positive influence of Hyodol in offering companionship, care, and emotional support, especially in circumstances where clients experienced isolation or lacked regular family interactions. In addition, social workers' perspectives hold significant value in comprehending the genuine effects of anthropomorphism - the inclination to attribute human-like qualities and emotions to robots. Our investigation revealed the existence of two distinct modes of personification among older adults, which we have labeled as "imagination" and "projection."
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Affiliation(s)
- Othelia EunKyoung Lee
- School of Social Work, UNC Charlotte College of Health and Human Services, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Heesun Shin
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Policy, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
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Lee S, Xu SS, Yan M, Gravely S, Quah ACK, Seo HG, Lim S, Cho SI, Kim Y, Fong GT. Patterns of cigarette, heated tobacco product, and nicotine vaping product use among Korean adults: Findings from the 2020 ITC Korea Survey. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-63. [PMID: 38638419 PMCID: PMC11025448 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-combustible nicotine products (NCNPs), such as heated tobacco products (HTPs) and nicotine vaping products (NVPs) have gained a significant nicotine market share in South Korea. This descriptive study examined patterns of regular cigarette and NCNP use among South Korean adults. METHODS Data were from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Korea Survey and included 4016 adults (aged ≥19 years) in the Republic of Korea who were regularly (at least weekly) using at least one NCNP (NVP/HTP, n=2117) and/or smoked cigarettes (n=3763) at the time of the survey. Weighted descriptive estimates were computed to assess respondents' nicotine product use among all respondents (exclusive, dual, or triple use). Thereafter, we identified sociodemographic characteristics associated with NCNP use (n=2117). RESULTS Among Korean adults who were smoking cigarettes, 83.1% (95% CI: 81.6-84.6) did so exclusively, and 16.9% (95% CI: 15.4-18.4) smoked cigarettes and used NCNPs. Among those who used HTPs (n=1877), 14.9% (95% CI: 11.5-18.4) did so exclusively, 59.6% used HTPs and smoked cigarettes (95% CI: 55.4-63.1), 4.2% used HTPs and vaped (95% CI: 11.5-18.4), and 21.6% (95% CI: 18.9-24.2) used all three products. Of adults who used HTPs and smoked cigarettes, 86.6% smoked daily. Among those who vaped (n=865), 13.3% did so exclusively (95% CI: 9.4-17.1), 55.6% (95% CI: 49.6-61.5) vaped and smoked cigarettes, 5.1% (95% CI: 1.7-8.6) used HTPs and vaped, and 26.1% (95% CI: 22.1-30.1) used all three products. Of adults who vaped and smoked cigarettes, 82.4% (95% CI: 77.1-87.7) smoked daily. CONCLUSIONS Cigarettes remain the most commonly used nicotine product in South Korea, and among adults using heated tobacco and/or vaping products, the majority were also smoking. Research is urgently needed to assess whether adults who are using an NCNP are doing so to quit, or rather to complement their cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkyu Lee
- Korea Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Steve S. Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mi Yan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Anne C. K. Quah
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Hong Gwan Seo
- Korea National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Lim
- National Tobacco Control Center, Korea Health Promotion Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-il Cho
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeol Kim
- Korea National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Geoffrey T. Fong
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
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Noh JW, Cheon J, Seong H, Kwon YD, Yoo KB. Impacts of Smoking Ban Policies on Billiard Hall Sales in South Korea Using Objective Sales Information of a Credit Card Company: Quasi-Experimental Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e50466. [PMID: 38630526 DOI: 10.2196/50466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking ban policies (SBPs) are potent health interventions and offer the potential to influence antismoking behavior. The Korean government completely prohibited smoking in indoor sports facilities, including billiard halls, since the government revised the National Health Promotion Act in December 2017. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the impact of the SBP on the economic outcomes of indoor sports facilities, particularly billiard halls. METHODS This study used credit card sales data from the largest card company in South Korea. Data are from January 2017 to December 2018. Monthly sales data were examined across 23 administrative neighborhoods in Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. We conducted the interrupted time series model using the fixed effects model and the linear regression with panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE). RESULTS The sales and transactions of billiard halls were not significantly changed after the introduction of the SBP in the full PCSE models. The R2 of the full PCSE model was 0.967 for sales and 0.981 for transactions. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of the SBP did not result in substantial economic gains or losses in the sales of billiard halls. In addition to existing price-based policies, the enhanced SBP in public-use facilities, such as billiard halls, can have a positive synergistic effect on reducing smoking prevalence and preventing secondhand smoke. Health policy makers can actively expand the application of SBPs and make an effort to enhance social awareness regarding the necessity and benefits of public SBPs for both smokers and the owners of hospitality facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Won Noh
- Division of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Cheon
- Department of Nursing Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hohyun Seong
- College of Nursing, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dae Kwon
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine and Catholic Institute for Public Health and Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Bong Yoo
- Division of Health Administration, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Oh J, Choi JE, Lee R, Mun E, Kim KH, Lee JH, Lee J, Kim S, Kim HS, Ha E. Long-term exposure to air pollution and precocious puberty in South Korea. Environ Res 2024; 252:118916. [PMID: 38614201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The increasing prevalence of precocious puberty (PP) has emerged as a significant medical and social problem worldwide. However, research on the relationship between long-term air pollution exposure and PP has been relatively limited. We thus investigated the association between long-term air pollution exposure and the onset of PP in South Korea. METHODS We investigated a retrospective cohort using the Korea National Health Insurance Database. Six-year-old children born from 2007 to 2009 were examined (2013-2015). We included boys ≤10 years and girls aged ≤9 years who visited hospitals for early pubertal development, were diagnosed with PP per the ICD-10 (E228, E301, and E309), and received gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment. We analyzed data for boys up until 10 years old (60-month follow-up) and for girls up to 9 years old (48-month follow-up). We assessed the association between long-term air pollution exposure and the onset of PP using a Cox proportional hazard model. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) per 1 μg/m3 increase in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and particulate matter (PM10) and per 1 ppb increase in sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3). RESULTS This study included 1,205,784 children aged six years old between 2013 and 2015. A positive association was found between the 48-month moving average PM2.5 (HR: 1.019; 95% CI: 1.012, 1.027), PM10 (HR: 1.009; 95% CI: 1.006, 1.013), SO2 (HR: 1.037; 95% CI: 1.018, 1.055), and O3 (HR: 1.006; 95% CI: 1.001, 1.010) exposure and PP in girls but not boys. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights into the harmful effects of air pollution during childhood and adolescence, emphasizing that air pollution is a risk factor that should be managed and reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongmin Oh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Human Systems Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rosie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Mun
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyen Lee
- Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsil Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soontae Kim
- Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunhee Ha
- Department of Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Ewha-SCL for Environmental Health (IESEH), College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; System Health & Engineering Major in Graduate School (BK21 Plus Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yoon D. Research review for effects of investment on polarization of wealth. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28575. [PMID: 38590859 PMCID: PMC10999931 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In South Korea, the polarization of wealth is very serious, and its pace is faster than in other countries. Recently, investments in instruments such as stocks, bitcoins and in real estate are seen as decisive factors that intensify the polarization of wealth in South Korea. The motivation for this study is to analyze effects of investment on polarization of wealth. We carried out a study focused on the impact of investments on the polarization of wealth. In this study, we analyzed the effect of investment on the polarization of wealth. We studied the effect of real estate, stocks, and bitcoin on the polarization of wealth. We conducted multiple regression analysis on the income quintile share ratio, real estate, stocks, and bitcoins and then carry out multiple regression analysis with interest rates, household debt, incomes, and price indices. In order to analyze the investment impact on the polarization of wealth, the public data (2015-2020) from the government and institutions were utilized. Results showed that real estate, stocks, and bitcoins set as investment instruments in this study did not have a significant impact on the polarization of wealth. It is because the popularity of investments in real estates, stocks, and bitcoins in South Korea began in earnest from 2020, and has actually accelerated the polarization of wealth. This study has the theoretical contribution because the impact of investments on the polarization of wealth is analyzed, and policies for economic stability are discussed and presented. In addition, a new academic contribution of this study is to analyze the investment and polarization of wealth at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghun Yoon
- Division of Economics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, 16227, South Korea
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12
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Seo I, Park JM. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 in South Korea: a comprehensive analysis of cancer and comorbidity risks. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07527-3. [PMID: 38613590 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder characterized by myotonia and progressive muscle weakness. Beyond the primary symptoms, there is growing concern regarding a higher incidence of certain comorbidities in DM1 patients, including cancer, diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and cataracts. This study was designed to examine the occurrence of these conditions among patients diagnosed with DM1 in South Korea, using data from the National Health Insurance Service database. METHODS The study undertook a comprehensive review of 3,842 patients diagnosed with DM1 between 2012 and 2018. We assessed the incidence of cancer and the prevalence of diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and cataracts among these patients, comparing their rates to those in the general population. RESULTS In the study cohort, 463 out of 3,842 DM1 patients (12.04%) were diagnosed with cancer, indicating a substantial elevation in cancer risk with an overall standard incidence ratio of 1.9 (95% CI = 1.6-2.3, p < 0.01) when compared to the expected rates in the general population. Moreover, the prevalence of diabetes (15.2%) and thyroid dysfunction (17.6%) was noteworthy in the DM1 population. The mean age at which DM1 patients underwent cataract surgery was 55.07 years, noticeably younger than the mean age of 69.25 years for cataract surgery in the general population. CONCLUSIONS DM1 patients have a noteworthy occurrence of several comorbidities such as cancer, diabetes, thyroid dysfunction, and earlier cataract surgery. This highlights the importance of a comprehensive and integrative approach to the management and treatment of DM1, going beyond addressing only the primary neuromuscular symptoms. More research is required to understand the underlying mechanisms contributing to these comorbidities in DM1 patients, which may inform preventative measures and guide improvements in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Incheol Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mo Park
- Department of Neurology, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea.
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Oh H, Cho Y, Bae J, Holley LC, Shafer M, Kim K, Lee Y. Impact of statutory revisions to family-petitioned civil commitment in South Korea. Int J Law Psychiatry 2024; 94:101982. [PMID: 38603975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the impact of statutory revisions in 2016 which aimed to enhance procedural justice within the process of civil commitment for persons diagnosed with mental illnesses (PDMI) in South Korea. These changes included requiring that PDMI pose a threat of danger to self or others and the need for treatment simultaneously as criteria for petitioning civil commitment. Additionally, the revision established a public entity to oversee the legitimacy of petitions to involuntarily commit PDMI to inpatient treatment. Despite these statutory changes, families providing care for PDMI still appear to depend on civil commitment as a way to seek respite from care burden, not necessarily to respond to psychiatric emergencies involving dangerousness. This practice seems to be aided by processes within the public entity providing oversight. Due to such barriers we hypothesized that, even after the statutory revision in 2016, PDMI who had been civilly committed following petitions from families will not exhibit elevated dangerousness compared to PDMI who had never been hospitalized during the same period. METHODS Trained interviewers recruited 331 participants self-identified as PDMI from psychiatric rehabilitation agencies in the community and aided them in completing a survey including measures of self-reported hospitalization history, suicidality, and aggression toward others. Participants were classified into four groups: Family-petition committed (FPC) group (n = 30, 9.1%), voluntarily hospitalized (VH) group (n = 34, 10.3%), public-petition committed (PPC) group (n = 31, 9.4%), and never hospitalized (NH) group (n = 236, 71.3%). We conducted logistic regression analyses to compare self-reported dangerousness between groups with the NH group as the reference group. RESULTS In the past 12 months, 43.5% of PDMI participants had self-reported behaviors that may have met the dangerousness criteria for civil commitment. Controlling for confounding factors, the PPC group was 2.96 times and 3.02 times as likely to report suicidal ideation and physical aggression, respectively, compared to the NH group. However, as hypothesized, the FPC group did not differ from the NH group on any indicator of self-reported dangerousness. CONCLUSION The findings were based on cross-sectional correlational data and should not be viewed as conclusive evidence that the 2016 statutory revision is ineffective in preventing family-petitioned civil commitment in cases where dangerousness is not apparent. Nevertheless, these findings encourage further empirical studies that illuminate the etiology of procedural justice in civil commitments petitioned by family members and that assess factors and contexts that promote the consideration of least coercive treatments, rather than resorting to involuntary hospitalization when psychiatric emergencies arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsung Oh
- School of Social Work, Arizona State University
| | - Yunhwa Cho
- Korea Disabled People's Development Institute.
| | - Jinyeong Bae
- Department of Social Welfare, Catholic University of Korea
| | | | | | - Kyejung Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Yonsei University School
| | - Yongpyo Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Catholic University of Korea
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Akintola AA, Hwang UW. Microbiome profile of South Korean vector mosquitoes. Acta Trop 2024; 255:107213. [PMID: 38608996 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This research offers a comprehensive exploration of the microbial communities associated with vector mosquitoes from South Korea. Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, and Culex molestus are vectors of pathogens, and understanding the intricacies of their microbiome profile is paramount for unraveling their roles in disease transmission dynamics. In this study, we characterized the microbiome of the midguts of adult female vector mosquitoes collected from different locations in South Korea. After DNA extraction from dissected mosquito midguts, we used the Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing to obtain sequences spanning the V4 hypervariable region of the bacteria 16S rRNA. Morphological and molecular characterization using 506-bp mitochondrial 16S rRNA was used to identify the mosquito species before amplicon sequencing. Across the three vector mosquitoes surveyed, 21 bacteria genera belonging to 20 families and 5 phyla were discovered. Proteobacteria and Bacteriodota were the major phyla of bacteria associated with the three mosquito species. There were significant differences in the gut microbiome genera composition between the species and little variation in the gut microbiome between individuals of the same mosquito species. Wolbachia is the most dominant genus in Aedes while Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, and unassigned taxa are the most common in An. sinensis. In addition to that, Chromobacterium, Chryseobacterium, and Aeromonas are dominant in Cx. molestus. This study sheds light on the complex interactions between mosquitoes and their microbiome, revealing potential implications for vector competence, disease transmission, and vector control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Akintayo Akintola
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Biology, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Institute for Korean Herb-Bio Convergence Promotion, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Phylomics Inc., Daegu, 41910, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Park CY. The 2018 Heat Wave's Impact on the Mortality of Older People in Seoul, South Korea. Soc Work Public Health 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38593089 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2024.2340082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Few studies on social welfare in South Korea have examined the effects of climate change, especially heat waves on vulnerable populations. The present study aims to investigate how heat waves affect vulnerable populations. This study utilized a cross-sectional study design, using the daily heat index and heat-related mortality data for Seoul, South Korea, in summer 2018. The research used micro-raw data of deaths caused by hypertensive, ischemic heart, and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as heat index data. An effect was observed for the heat index on mortality for individuals over 65 years of age, men, people with spouses, and those ages 75-79 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yong Park
- Department of Social Welfare, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Monocello LT, Lavender JM, Fowler LA, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Wilfley DE. A cultural models approach to understanding body fatness perceptions and disordered eating in young South Korean men. Int J Eat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38578204 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The eating disorders field has been limited by a predominant focus on White, Western women, and there is growing recognition of the need to understand cross-cultural variation in key constructs (i.e., ideal body types). A transdisciplinary, cultural models approach systematizes the incorporation of an "emic" perspective (a culture's own understandings of phenomena) into assessments of relationships between body shapes and eating disorders. METHOD Eighty-one young South Korean men aged 19-34 years living in Seoul participated in this research. A cultural model of body fatness was identified using cultural consensus analysis during 18 months of ethnographic, mixed-methods fieldwork. Participants also completed questionnaires assessing age, height, weight, sexual identity, university prestige, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and cultural consonance with the Korean cultural model of the ideal male body. Variation in these factors was analyzed using a series of chi-squares and analyses of variance with the culturally defined categories of body fatness as the independent variables. RESULTS Cultural consensus analysis found that young South Korean men are consistent in identifying categories of "too thin," "balanced," and "too fat." The "balanced" category contained the lowest proportion of high-prestige university attendees and the highest average cultural consonance. The "too fat" category was characterized by the highest levels of body dissatisfaction and dieting, as well as proportion of probable eating disorders. DISCUSSION A cultural models approach identified culturally important factors and patterns in disordered eating among young South Korean men and may be effective for understanding eating disorders in other populations not typically studied. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This study applies a systematic, "emic" perspective to young South Korean men's body ideals. Young Korean men share a cultural model of body fatness, and this model frames how they experience risk for eating disorders. This study demonstrates a method for incorporating culture into research on eating disorder risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence T Monocello
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jason M Lavender
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research (MiCOR) Program, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- The Metis Foundation, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren A Fowler
- Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Lee J, Kim D, Hwang J, Kwon JW. Incidence of tuberculosis disease in individuals diagnosed with tuberculosis infection after screening: A population-based cohort study in South Korea. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 141:106961. [PMID: 38340783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited evidence exists regarding the impact of adherence to diverse tuberculosis (TB) preventive therapy (TPT) regimens on TB risk in individuals with TB infections (TBIs). This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to three TPT regimens and TB incidence. METHODS This population-based retrospective cohort study used South Korean national health insurance data to identify individuals who were newly diagnosed with TBI between 2015 and 2020. TB incidence was compared among the different TPT regimens used. Treatment adherence was evaluated using the medication possession ratio (MPR). RESULTS The study involved 220,483 individuals with TBI, with half undergoing TPT. Over a mean 3.17-year follow-up, 2,430 cases of active TB were observed. TPT was associated with a 14% reduction in TB incidence risk in the entire study population with varying levels of TB risk. Non-adherence (MPR <80%) rates were 36% for 9 months of treatment with isoniazid, 22% for 4 months of treatment with rifampicin, and 18% for 3 months of treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin. Non-adherence to TPT did not lead to a decrease in the risk of TB incidence, whereas adherence to TPT (MPR ≥80%) reduced the risk of TB incidence by up to 72%. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals increased adherence with shorter TPT regimens in a national TBI cohort, emphasizing the pivotal role of medication adherence in preventing TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyang Kim
- Department of Statistics, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Jinseub Hwang
- Department of Statistics, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Kwon
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kim C, Jin H, Kang G, Dusing GJ, Chum A. Patterns of follow-up mental health care after hospitalization for suicide-related behaviors among older adults in South Korea. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:313-318. [PMID: 38237869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with receiving follow-up mental healthcare within 7 days and 30 days after hospitalization for suicide-related behaviors (SRB) among older adults in South Korea. METHODS Data from the Korean National Health Information Database were used, including information on sociodemographic variables and healthcare utilization. The study cohort consisted of individuals born in 1950 or before with a prior hospitalization record for suicide attempts or probable suicide attempts. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict the odds of receiving follow-up care within 7 days and 30 days, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Among the 37,595 older adults discharged from hospitalization for SRB, 29.13 % and 37.86 % received follow-up care within 7 days and 30 days, respectively. Follow-up care was more common among younger individuals, women, those with higher socio-economic status (SES), urban residents, and individuals with comorbidities. CONCLUSION The provision of mental health follow-up care for older adults after hospitalization for suicide attempts is inadequate in South Korea. Increasing access to follow-up care among those with lower income, residing in rural areas, and older age is crucial. Public awareness campaigns, stigma reduction training for healthcare providers, and system-level changes, such as telemedicine and integrated care pathways, can help bridge the healthcare gap and reduce suicide mortality among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungah Kim
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyunju Jin
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China; Seoul National University Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Goneui Kang
- Department of Economics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Antony Chum
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Park YS, Kim OJ. Government Initiatives for Research Ethics During COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e116. [PMID: 38565174 PMCID: PMC10985498 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing necessity for government-led policy changes on clinical research ethics during pandemic, the scope of previous literature is limited to Korean government's pandemic response strategies or reflections of research ethics at the level of institutions and academic societies. This paper examines the proactive policy changes and responses by the South Korean government in addressing the challenges and issues of research ethics against the backdrop of the urgency of rapid development and emergency supply of medical products during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS We conducted searches of various government documents, using predetermined keywords related to research ethics and integrity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Only documents issued by governments or public institutions were included. A total of 24 documents were selected for analysis. They were divided into two phases: the first phase for urgent response (January 2020-February 2021) and the second phase (March 2021-February 2023) for long-term preparedness. RESULTS The Korean government recommended several measures of research governance to accelerate the ethical review of COVID-related research to be shortened less than one week: the joint operation of Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), exempted or expedited review by a special review committee, guidelines for urgent reviews, and designation of the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences as the supervising agency for the Clinical Trial Safety Support Institution as well as the Central IRB. It allowed temporary non-face-to-face methods for informed consent process (telephone explanations and a photo of the original signed consent) and clinical trials (telephone counselling and prescription, proxy prescription, and drug delivery and supply to clinical trial participants, and online ethics training). CONCLUSION As a result of South Korea's commitment to ethical principles in their pandemic response, the medical system did not experience collapses due to the pandemic, and pandemic research was conducted with careful ethical considerations. The pandemic ethics immunization during the Middle East respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2015 laid the foundation for prompt government initiatives that ensured both pandemic research ethics and pandemic response ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Su Park
- Department of the History of Medicine and Medical Humanities, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ock-Joo Kim
- Department of the History of Medicine and Medical Humanities, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Shin JH, Pyo JY, Han M, Lee M, Lim SM, Baek JY, Lee JY, Kang JM, Jung I, Ahn JG. Incidence and disease burden of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases after non-pharmaceutical interventions in the COVID-19 era: A nationwide observational study in Korea. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15144. [PMID: 38590055 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections are considered risk factors for autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIRDs), the incidence of which is considered to have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the incidence of AIRDs and their associated health care services and medical expenses in Korea was investigated. METHODS We included all AIRD cases reported between January 2016 and February 2021 based on the National Health Insurance Service data. We evaluated changes in incidence trends for each AIRD before and after NPI implementation (Feb 2020 to Feb 2021) using segmented regression analysis. Changes in health care utilization and medical costs for each AIRD before and after NPI implementation were also investigated. RESULTS After NPI implementation, monthly incidence rates declined significantly by 0.205 per 1 000 000 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.308 to -0.101, p < .001) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). No significant changes in the incidence of all AIRDs other than SLE were observed before and after implementation. Further, annual outpatient department visits per patient were lower during implementation for all diseases, except juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The prescription days per outpatient visit increased significantly during implementation for all diseases, except JIA and ankylosing spondylitis. During implementation, the total annual medical costs per patient tended to decrease for all diseases, except JIA and mixed connective tissue disease. CONCLUSION Implementation of NPIs to contain the pandemic led to a reduction in the incidence of SLE and changed patterns of medical care utilization and treatment cost for most AIRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je Hee Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Pyo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyung Han
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongjee Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Yeon Baek
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Man Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - InKyung Jung
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Gyun Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee SY, Kim SM, Oyungerel B, Cho GJ. Single nucleotide polymorphisms for parentage testing of horse breeds in Korea. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:600-608. [PMID: 37905321 PMCID: PMC10915227 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the usability single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for parentage testing of horse breeds in Korea. METHODS The genotypes of 93 horse samples (38 Thoroughbred horses, 17 Jeju horses, 20 Quarter horses, and 18 American miniature horses) were determined using 15 microsatellite (Ms) markers (AHT4, AHT5, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS1, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG10, LEX3, and VHL20) and 101 SNP markers. RESULTS Paternity tests were performed using 15 Ms markers and 101 SNP markers in Thoroughbred horses and Quarter horses. AHT5, ASB2, ASB17, ASB23, CA425, HMS7, HTG10, and LEX3 did not follow Mendelian inheritance in Thoroughbred horses, whereas in Quarter horses, only AHT4, ASB2, and HMS2 showed Mendelian inheritance, consequently, paternity was not established. Meanwhile, 31 markers, including MNEc_2_2_ 2_98568918_BIEC2_502451, in Thoroughbred horses, and 30 markers, including MNEc_ 2_30_7430735_BIEC2_816793, in Quarter horses did not conform with Mendelian inheritance and therefore, could not be used for establishing parentage. CONCLUSION The possibility of replacing Ms markers with SNP markers for paternity testing in horses was confirmed. However, further research using more samples is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Lee
- Racing Laboratory, Korea Racing Authority, Gwacheon 13822,
Korea
| | - Su-Min Kim
- Department of Horse Industry, Sung Woon University, Yeongcheon 38801,
Korea
| | - Baatartsogt Oyungerel
- School of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar17024,
Mongolia
| | - Gil-Jae Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566,
Korea
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22
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Nesteruk I. Should we ignore SARS-CoV-2 disease? Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e57. [PMID: 38506229 PMCID: PMC11022254 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Current World Health Organization (WHO) reports claim a decline in COVID-19 testing and reporting of new infections. To discuss the consequences of ignoring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the endemic characteristics of the disease in 2023 with the ones estimated before using 2022 data sets are compared. The accumulated numbers of cases and deaths reported to the WHO by the 10 most infected countries and global figures were used to calculate the average daily numbers of cases DCC and deaths DDC per capita and case fatality rates (CFRs = DDC/DCC) for two periods in 2023. In some countries, the DDC values can be higher than the upper 2022 limit and exceed the seasonal influenza mortality. The increase in CFR in 2023 shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection is still dangerous. The numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths per capita in 2022 and 2023 do not demonstrate downward trends with the increase in the percentages of fully vaccinated people and boosters. The reasons may be both rapid mutations of the coronavirus, which reduced the effectiveness of vaccines and led to a large number of re-infections, and inappropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Nesteruk
- Institute of Hydromechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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23
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Park D, Kim D, Park AH. Agendas on Nursing in South Korea Media: Natural Language Processing and Network Analysis of News From 2005 to 2022. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e50518. [PMID: 38393293 PMCID: PMC10988384 DOI: 10.2196/50518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, Korean society has increasingly recognized the importance of nurses in the context of population aging and infectious disease control. However, nurses still face difficulties with regard to policy activities that are aimed at improving the nursing workforce structure and working environment. Media coverage plays an important role in public awareness of a particular issue and can be an important strategy in policy activities. OBJECTIVE This study analyzed data from 18 years of news coverage on nursing-related issues. The focus of this study was to examine the drivers of the social, local, economic, and political agendas that were emphasized in the media by the analysis of main sources and their quotes. This analysis revealed which nursing media agendas were emphasized (eg, social aspects), neglected (eg, policy aspects), and negotiated. METHODS Descriptive analysis, natural language processing, and semantic network analysis were applied to analyze data collected from 2005 to 2022. BigKinds were used for the collection of data, automatic multi-categorization of news, named entity recognition of news sources, and extraction and topic modeling of quotes. The main news sources were identified by conducting a 1-mode network analysis with SNAnalyzer. The main agendas of nursing-related news coverage were examined through the qualitative analysis of major sources' quotes by section. The common and individual interests of the top-ranked sources were analyzed through a 2-mode network analysis using UCINET. RESULTS In total, 128,339 articles from 54 media outlets on nursing-related issues were analyzed. Descriptive analysis showed that nursing-related news was mainly covered in social (99,868/128,339, 77.82%) and local (48,056/128,339, 48.56%) sections, whereas it was rarely covered in economic (9439/128,339, 7.35%) and political (7301/128,339, 5.69%) sections. Furthermore, 445 sources that had made the top 20 list at least once by year and section were analyzed. Other than "nurse," the main sources for each section were "labor union," "local resident," "government," and "Moon Jae-in." "Nursing Bill" emerged as a common interest among nurses and doctors, although the topic did not garner considerable attention from the Ministry of Health and Welfare. Analyzing quotes showed that nurses were portrayed as heroes, laborers, survivors of abuse, and perpetrators. The economic section focused on employment of youth and women in nursing. In the political section, conflicts between nurses and doctors, which may have caused policy confusion, were highlighted. Policy formulation processes were not adequately reported. Media coverage of the enactment of nursing laws tended to relate to confrontations between political parties. CONCLUSIONS The media plays a crucial role in highlighting various aspects of nursing practice. However, policy formulation processes to solve nursing issues were not adequately reported in South Korea. This study suggests that nurses should secure policy compliance by persuading the public to understand their professional perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daemin Park
- School of Media & Communication, Sunmoon University, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Kim
- Home Visit Healthcare Team, Expert Group on Health Promotion for Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Hyun Park
- Tobacco Control Team, Expert Group on Health Promotion for Seoul Metropolitan Government, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Kim S, Kim C, Kim JH. Antenatal care inequalities in South Korea: An analysis of health insurance claims data (2013-2022) in a high-resource, high-use country. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024. [PMID: 38494879 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to explore inequalities in antenatal care (ANC) in South Korea. Based on the guidelines of the WHO, we categorized less than eight visits to an obstetrical facility as insufficient ANC. We examined ANC inequalities associated with age, disability, nationality, income, and geographic accessibility. METHODS We extracted delivery event claimed from 2013 to 2022 from the National Health Insurance Service database. By tracing back 270 days from the delivery date, we counted the number of antenatal visits for each childbirth and calculated the proportion of women with insufficient ANC and assessed both absolute and relative inequalities for each population group. The logistic regression analysis for both underuse and overuse of ANC were conducted. RESULTS Out of 3 416 517 childbirths, 104 109 women (3.0%) had fewer than eight ANC visits. Although the average number of ANC visits reached 18.7 in 2022, significant inequalities persisted across different population groups. The insufficient ANC rate was 28.1% for teenage women, 6.4% for disabled women, 10.7% for non-Korean women, and 15.2% for dependents of medical aid households. Women with low income and those living in obstetric care underserved areas also exhibited higher ANC insufficiency. From 2021 to 2022, sufficiency in ANC decreased for teenage, disabled, and non-Korean women, highlighting the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Antenatal care inequalities are evident in South Korea's well-resourced health system. There is a need for further investigation into these disparities and the qualitative aspects of maternity care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerom Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanki Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Han S. Media framing in the digital age: Interplay of real estate and welfare narratives in South Korean news articles. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25696. [PMID: 38449615 PMCID: PMC10915346 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study delves into the underexplored nexus between online real estate news and societal welfare news. A novel methodological approach is adopted herein: web scraping techniques amass online newspaper articles, the sentiment of which is subsequently evaluated through a neural network-informed natural language processing framework. The sentiment-oriented data is transitioned into a panel data configuration for deeper analysis. Results indicate a prevailing negative link between real estate news sentiments and those of welfare news. Intriguingly, the ascension of the conservative party amplifies this negative correspondence. This paper augments the political economy and political communication discourse by underscoring the conceivable potential influence of digital media framing on shaping public perceptions and political inclinations. It offers pertinent insights regarding the interrelation between housing wealth and political outcomes in a distinct national milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Han
- Department of Political Science and International Relations, Kyonggi University, South Korea
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26
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Choi Y, Park EJ, Lee SY, Kim HY, Lee WY. Mental health effects associated with COVID-19 financial assistance in South Korea: a comparison of employment status. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:805. [PMID: 38486196 PMCID: PMC10938843 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has created tensions across different sectors of the society, but the impact has been unequal. Vulnerable people have been most affected, especially those with insecure employment and who have experienced economic hardships due to unemployment and lost wages. The combination of social change and economic hardships due to the pandemic increases the risk of poor mental health. Some countries have utilized financial assistance to alleviate economic hardships caused by COVID-19, and in South Korea, the central and local governments have implemented COVID-19 financial assistance. This study analysed the impact of financial assistance on mental health associated with working status during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. METHODS The participants of this study were randomly selected from residents of Gyeonggi-do after being proportionally allocated by resident registration population status. A total of 1,000 adult males and females aged 19 years or older in Gyeonggi-do who received financial assistance from the central and local governments were selected. A retrospective pre-post-study design was applied, and mental health surveys including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) were applied. RESULTS The results show that depression scores averaged 5.5 and anxiety scores averaged 4.4 before COVID-19 Financial Assistance. It is similar to the national average of 5.1 and 4.5 respectively at that time. After the assistance, depression scores dropped to 4.5, and anxiety scores dropped to 3.2. Before the assistance, depression and anxiety were higher among temporary day labourers with less job security, and they showed the most significant improvement in mental health. For full-time workers, there was no significant change in anxiety or depression after receiving the assistance. CONCLUSIONS Financial assistance can provide material resources and also positively affect mental health. In particular, it had a greater impact on the relatively vulnerable groups, such as those in unstable employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjoo Choi
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heuk-seok dong, Dong-jak gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, A-Jou University, 206, Worldcup-Ro, Young-tong gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeon Kim
- Department of Policy Research, Gyeonggi Welfare Foundation, Gyeong-su daero, Jang-an gu, 1150, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84, Heuk-seok dong, Dong-jak gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Kim Y, Lee K, Jung M. Effects of a disincentive policy on behavioral changes by South Korean medical institutions that do not submit official nursing grade data. Int Nurs Rev 2024. [PMID: 38477823 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine whether the policy of imposing deductions on medical institutions in South Korea led to increased submission of nursing grade data. BACKGROUND In Korea, medical institutions are required to report data on their nursing workforce; however, many institutions did not comply with this regulation, making it difficult to gauge their level of nurse staffing. Therefore, in 2020, a nursing fee deduction policy was introduced that penalizes medical institutions financially for failing to submit nursing workforce data. METHODS We prospectively collected data on the characteristics, nursing grade, and data submission status of 1,200 hospitals in South Korea from 2015 to 2021. We analyzed the submission rate of data related to nursing grades according to the characteristics of the medical institutions and evaluated the effect of policy change on data submission status using multiple logistic regression. FINDINGS The submission rate of data increased from 50.2% in 2015 to 93.3% in 2021, and 39.3% of medical institutions that had not previously submitted data did so after the policy was introduced. The submission rate of medical institutions unaffected by the policy also increased after its introduction. Compared with 2015, the likelihood of medical institutions submitting data increased by 23.69 times in 2020 and 20.47 times in 2021. CONCLUSION The appropriate use of disincentive policies, such as financial deductions for medical institutions showing inappropriate behavior, was found to be effective in inducing desirable changes in the behavior of medical institutions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY Properly planned and implemented policies can contribute to improved quality of medical services and patient safety through effective administrative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmi Kim
- College of Nursing, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyounga Lee
- College of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Jung
- Department of Nursing, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Shin H, Lee OE. Who is behind the robot? The role of public social workers in implementing robotic eldercare program in South Korea. Soc Work Health Care 2024; 63:311-327. [PMID: 38448245 DOI: 10.1080/00981389.2024.2324849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A companion robot named Hyodol is a digital technology implemented for eldercare in South Korea. Drawing insights from semi-structured interviews with public social workers actively involved in the Hyodol care program, this study explores how social workers contribute to the success of the robotic care program. Throughout the phases of selecting potential users, introducing older adults to the robot, and maintaining the robotic program, the practical wisdom of social workers plays an important role. Despite the increased workload in case management and the emotional labor associated with navigating the care system, these pioneering social workers maintained high morale to adopt the robotic care system. By shedding light on the specific roles of social workers, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics that underlie successful robotic eldercare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesun Shin
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Policy, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Othelia EunKyoung Lee
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Charlotte College of Health and Human Services, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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29
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Kim MA, Min J, Sang J, Jee H. Contributing Factors of a Good Death for Children With Cancer From Bereaved Parents' Perspectives in South Korea. Omega (Westport) 2024:302228241238385. [PMID: 38447938 DOI: 10.1177/00302228241238385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Achieving a good-quality death for children with cancer is as paramount as saving their life, given its implications for both the children's end-of-life quality and the grief journey of their parents. This study explored factors contributing to a good death for children with cancer, as perceived by bereaved parents in South Korea. A retrospective survey was conducted, involving 58 bereaved parents of a child who died of cancer. t-tests and regressions were performed to identify factors related to deceased children associated with parents' reports of a good death for children with cancer. The results revealed significant correlations between parents' age, income, religious affiliation, time elapsed since death, child's age at death, and cancer recurrence with several aspects of a good death. These findings underscore the importance of assessing characteristics of both parents and their children to enhance the quality of death experienced by children with cancer in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ah Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohong Min
- Faculty of Human Ecology and Welfare, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Sang
- School of Social Work and Family Sciences, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Hyunkyong Jee
- Department of Social Welfare, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Choi S, Park TH, Lee HJ, Kim TH, Joo JD, Huh J, Chung YN, Heo ST, Kim ET, Rhim JK. Subdural Empyema from Streptococcus suis Infection, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:616-619. [PMID: 38407167 PMCID: PMC10902535 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.231018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In Jeju Island, South Korea, a patient who consumed raw pig products had subdural empyema, which led to meningitis, sepsis, and status epilepticus. We identified Streptococcus suis from blood and the subdural empyema. This case illustrates the importance of considering dietary habits in similar clinical assessments to prevent misdiagnosis.
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31
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Kim C, Bai Y, Dusing GJ, Nielsen A, Chum A. The impact of minimum wage increase on suicidal ideation in South Korea: a difference-in-differences analysis using nationally representative panel data. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s00127-024-02646-w. [PMID: 38429540 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-024-02646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Korea had the highest suicide rates in the OECD and one of the largest (16.4%) increases in the minimum wage in 2018. Prior studies have provided evidence that increases in minimum wage reduce suicide rates in the population, but no study examined the effects of the policy change on individual-level suicidal behaviour. METHODS Our study sample was built using the 2015-2019 waves of the Korean Welfare Panel Survey, a population-representative longitudinal survey. The sample consisted of 5146 participants, including those earning above minimum wage (control) and minimum wage earners (treatment) based on their 2018/19 earnings. The outcome of the study was suicidal ideation, which is an important precursor to other suicidal behaviours, and was captured using self-reported measures. We examined the impact of the 2018 minimum wage hike in Korea on suicidal ideation, using a difference-in-differences design. RESULTS The minimum wage increase was associated with a 1.6% points reduction (95% CI: -2.8% to -0.5%) in self-reported suicidal ideation. Stronger policy effects were shown among women and older age groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that public policies employing a population-based approach, such as increasing minimum wages, could serve as an effective intervention to mitigate suicidal ideation among low-income workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungah Kim
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yihong Bai
- Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Western University Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Gabriel John Dusing
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Nielsen
- Canadian Institute for Health Information, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antony Chum
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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32
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Lee SY, Kim WH, Heo J. Migrant well-being and undocumented status in South Korea: a cross-sectional assessment of physical, psychological, social well-being, and health behaviors. Int J Equity Health 2024; 23:38. [PMID: 38409005 PMCID: PMC10895811 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-024-02126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high burden of physical, mental, and occupational health problems among migrant workers has been well-documented, but data on undocumented migrant workers are limited and their well-being has rarely been compared to that of the general population. METHODS Using data from a cross-sectional survey of non-professional migrant workers in South Korea in early 2021, we described their physical, psychological, social well-being and health behaviors across a wide range of outcomes, including self-rated health, occupational injury, cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, meal pattern, happiness, mental illness, social support, and social participation. The outcomes were first compared between documented and undocumented migrant workers in generalized linear regressions adjusting for potential confounders. Then, the well-being of the migrant workers was compared against that of the general population using data from the Korean Happiness Survey, which is a nationally representative survey of the South Korean general population conducted in late 2020. The parametric g-formula was performed to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, the undocumented migrant workers were less likely to be happy or participate in social communities, and much more likely to have anxiety or depression, smoke cigarettes, or engage in heavy alcohol consumption than the documented migrant workers. When compared to the general South Korean population, an evident social gradient emerged for happiness and mental illness; the undocumented experienced the worst outcome, followed by the documented, and then the general population. Also, the undocumented migrant workers were more likely to smoke cigarettes than the general population. CONCLUSION The undocumented migrant workers face considerably greater challenges in terms of mental health and happiness, demonstrate higher rates of risky health behaviors such as smoking and heavy drinking, and experience a lack of social support and community integration. A stark social gradient in happiness, mental illness, and cigarette smoking exists among the documented, undocumented migrant workers and the general population in South Korea. Socio-structural factors are likely to play a crucial role in contributing to the suboptimal level of overall well-being of undocumented migrant workers. Policy-level interventions as well as interpersonal efforts are in urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Yeop Lee
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03087, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Han Kim
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03087, Republic of Korea
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongho Heo
- JW LEE Center for Global Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03087, Republic of Korea.
- National Assembly Futures Institute, Seoul, 07233, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Moon J, Shim C, Seo J, Han J. Evaluation of Korean methane emission sources with satellite retrievals by spatial correlation analysis. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:296. [PMID: 38386149 PMCID: PMC10884166 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Methane is a significant greenhouse gas (GHG), and it is imperative to understand its spatiotemporal distribution and primary sources in areas with higher methane concentrations, as such insights are essential for informing effective mitigation policies. In this study, we employed TROPOMI satellite retrievals to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of methane distributions and identify major emission sources in South Korea over the period from August 2018 to July 2019. Additionally, we examined the spatial correlations between satellite methane retrievals and emission sources to characterize regions with higher methane levels on an annual basis.Concerning spatial distributions, concentrations exceeding 1870 ppb were predominantly observed in western non-mountainous regions, particularly in rice paddy areas. Moreover, sporadic concentrations exceeding 1880 ppb were detected in large ports and industrial zones, primarily located in coastal regions of South Korea.Our spatial correlation analysis, conducted using the SDMSelect method, identified specific emissions contributing to regions with higher methane concentrations. There were some areas with relatively strong correlations between high XCH4 and emissions from the domestic livestock industry, fossil fuel utilization (specifically, the oil and gas sector), landfills, and rice paddies. This analysis, incorporating domestic emission inventories and satellite data, provides valuable insights into the characteristics of regional methane concentrations. In addition, this analysis can assess national methane emissions inventories, where there is limited information on the spatial distributions, offering critical information for the prioritization of domestic regional policies aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunGi Moon
- Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, South Korea
- Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Jeongbyn Seo
- Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Han
- Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, South Korea
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34
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Kwon CY. Analysis of the Use of Korean Medicine Treatments among Children and Adolescents in South Korea: Analysis of Nationally Representative Sample. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:467. [PMID: 38391842 PMCID: PMC10887494 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Korean medicine (KM) is pivotal within South Korea's healthcare system. This study aimed to investigate the current use and determinants associated with KM among children and adolescents through an analysis of the 2019 Korea Health Panel Annual Data. Subjects were divided into two groups: the integrative medicine (IM) group, utilizing both KM and conventional medicine (CM) (n = 163), and the CM-only group (n = 1843) for the year 2019. Differences in various factors between the IM and CM groups were investigated using the chi-square test or t-tests. Moreover, binomial logistic regression was employed to ascertain factors influencing the choice of KM over exclusive CM utilization. The IM group had a higher mean age (p = 0.011) and annual household income (p < 0.001) compared to the CM group. The regression analysis indicated a significant association between the use of both KM and CM and being an adolescent (p = 0.011), residing in Seoul/Gyeonggi/Incheon (p = 0.017), living in Daejeon/Chungcheong/Sejong (p = 0.001), and belonging to the first income percentile (p = 0.002). Significant differences were observed in the KM usage patterns between the groups of children and adolescents. These insights could contribute to the development of strategies for the optimal allocation of medical resources within South Korea's distinctive medical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, 52-57, Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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Flores RA, Cammayo-Fletcher PLT, Nguyen BT, Villavicencio AGM, Lee SY, Son Y, Kim JH, Park KI, Yoo WG, Jin YB, Min W, Kim WH. Genetic Characterization and Phylogeographic Analysis of the First H13N6 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Vega Gull in South Korea. Viruses 2024; 16:285. [PMID: 38400060 PMCID: PMC10891532 DOI: 10.3390/v16020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a pathogen with zoonotic and pandemic potential. Migratory birds are natural reservoirs of all known subtypes of AIVs, except for H17N10 and H18N11, and they have been implicated in previous highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks worldwide. This study identified and characterized the first isolate of the H13N6 subtype from a Vega gull (Larus vegae mongolicus) in South Korea. The amino acid sequence of hemagglutinin gene showed a low pathogenic AIV subtype and various amino acid substitutions were found in the sequence compared to the reference sequence and known H13 isolates. High sequence homology with other H13N6 isolates was found in HA, NA, PB1, and PA genes, but not for PB2, NP, M, and NS genes. Interestingly, various point amino acid mutations were found on all gene segments, and some are linked to an increased binding to human-type receptors, resistance to antivirals, and virulence. Evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses showed that all gene segments are gull-adapted, with a phylogeographic origin of mostly Eurasian, except for PB2, PA, and M. Findings from this study support the evidence that reassortment of AIVs continuously occurs in nature, and migratory birds are vital in the intercontinental spread of avian influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle A. Flores
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Paula Leona T. Cammayo-Fletcher
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Binh T. Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Andrea Gail M. Villavicencio
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Yongwoo Son
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- National Park Research Institute, Korean National Park Service, Wonju 26441, Gangwon, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kwang Il Park
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Won Gi Yoo
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Wongi Min
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
| | - Woo H. Kim
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea; (R.A.F.); (P.L.T.C.-F.); (B.T.N.); (A.G.M.V.); (S.Y.L.); (Y.S.); (K.I.P.); (Y.B.J.); (W.M.)
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Jung M. Physical Distancing for Gay Men from People Living with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Homosex 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38319682 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2024.2314031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The fear of COVID-19 can exacerbate social stigma and prejudice against individuals living with HIV (PLWH). This research delved into the behaviors of MSM (men who have sex with men) who practice physical-distancing from PLWH. Data from 878 respondents were collected through a web survey conducted on Korea's largest LGBT portal site over one month in July 2022. The study examined various independent variables encompassing socioeconomic characteristics, health status, media consumption habits, and homosexual attributes of MSM. The dependent variable assessed was the extent of physical-distancing perceived by MSMs without HIV toward PLWH. The statistical analysis employed nested regression models. In Model I, it was observed that physical-distancing from PLWH decreased as the age and education level of the respondent increased. In Model II, a decrease in physical-distancing was noted among respondents with underlying health conditions. Model III indicated that increased use of traditional media corresponded to greater physical-distancing from PLWH. Lastly, Model IV revealed a reduction in physical-distancing when the respondent was themselves a person living with HIV. This study underscores the existence of physical-distancing toward PLWH within the gay community. Consequently, fostering solidarity and providing support becomes imperative to prevent the isolation of PLWH within this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Jung
- Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Jeong IH, Kim JH, Kwon MJ, Kim J, Huh HJ, Kim B, Lee J, Nam JH, Kang ES. Realistic Estimation of COVID-19 Infection by Seroprevalence Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies: An Experience From Korea Metropolitan Area From January to May 2022. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e43. [PMID: 38317445 PMCID: PMC10843975 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally, leading to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because a significant proportion of the COVID-19 confirmed cases were concentrated in the capital metropolitan area of South Korea, and a large proportion of the population in the area had been adequately vaccinated against COVID-19, we conducted a seroprevalence surveillance study focusing on the residents of the capital metropolitan area in South Korea. METHODS We used a quota-sampling method to obtain blood samples from 1,000 individuals per round, equally stratified across seven age categories and sexes and regions, from five medical institutions located within the capital metropolitan area of South Korea. During five consecutive months (rounds) between January 2022 and May 2022, a total of 5,000 samples were analyzed for anti-spike (S) and anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies. RESULTS High anti-S seropositivity was observed in all age groups, which corresponded to the vaccine coverage during the study period. Both the cumulative incidence based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the estimated seroprevalence based on anti-N seropositivity increased in the fourth and fifth rounds, which corresponded to April 2022 and May 2022. Seroprevalence coincided with the cumulative incidence during the first three rounds, but exceeded from the fourth survey onwards when infection with omicron variants was increased rapidly in Korea. CONCLUSION Seroprevalence confirmed the number of infection cases outside of PCR testing-based surveillance. Seroepidemiological surveillance can help us understand vaccine responses and detect hidden infections, thereby providing appropriate public health guidance for achieving population-level immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Hwa Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jong-Hun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Huh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongkuk University Medical Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Byoungguk Kim
- Division of Clinical Vaccine Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Junewoo Lee
- Division of Clinical Vaccine Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Nam
- Division of Clinical Vaccine Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Baek YG, Lee YN, Cha RM, Park MJ, Lee YJ, Park CK, Lee EK. Research Note: Comparative evaluation of pathogenicity in SPF chicken between different subgroups of H5N6 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103289. [PMID: 38103528 PMCID: PMC10764262 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2014, periodic outbreaks of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) caused by clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAI virus (HPAIV) have resulted in huge economic losses in the Korean poultry industry. During the winter season of 2016-2017, clade 2.3.4.4e H5N6 HPAIVs classified into 5 subgroups (C1-5) were introduced into South Korea. Interestingly, it was revealed that the subgroup C2 and C4 viruses were predominantly distributed throughout the country, whereas detection of the subgroup C3 viruses was confined in a specific local region. In the present study, we conducted comparative evaluation of the pathogenicity of viruses belonging to subgroups C2 and C3 (H15 and HN1 strains) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, and further compared them with previously determined pathogenicity of subgroup C4 (ES2 strain) virus. The HN1 strain showed lower viral replication in tissues, less transmissibility, and higher mean chicken lethal dose than the H15 and ES2 strains in SPF chickens. Considering that the HN1 strain has a different NS gene segment from the H15 and ES2 strains, the reassortment of the NS gene segment likely affects their infectivity and transmissibility in chickens. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the genetic characteristics and pathogenic features of HPAIVs to effectively control their outbreaks in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Park J. Expertise as a Response to Limited Multilateralism: The Case of South Korea's Vaccine Procurement Task Force for COVID-19 Vaccines amid Unequal Access via the COVAX Facility. J Health Polit Policy Law 2024; 49:99-132. [PMID: 37522333 DOI: 10.1215/03616878-10910224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates South Korea's trials and errors in procuring COVID-19 vaccines from abroad, amid the limitations of a multilateral scheme for global provision through the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) program via the World Health Organization (WHO) and the discussions on COVID-19 vaccine patent waivers at the World Trade Organization. Using the framework of "self-help" in the international system and country categorization to explicate country behaviors by state-business relations and expertise to explain South Korea's COVID-19 vaccine procurement process, this study argues that in the absence of a global mechanism that guarantees adequate and timely vaccine provision, countries are left to the sole option of depending on their own capabilities: expertise, budget, and policy planning by consolidating public and private capacities to acquire vaccines for the public. To support the argument, an in-depth case investigation of South Korea's Vaccine Procurement Task Force is presented. The case study focuses on the policy assessment of critical elements in South Korea's vaccine procurement and rollout on facing obstacles to sufficient procurement through COVAX: decision-making impacting the timing and dosage of procurement, diplomatic and business channels to sign bilateral contracts, setup of a smart-factory vaccination hub, and indigenous vaccine development for WHO approval.
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Yoon C, Kim J, Jang W, Ko JW, Kim J, Pai H, Lee Y, Kim B. Clinical and microbiological characteristics of female patients with acute pyelonephritis who experienced urinary tract infections within the previous year. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:349-358. [PMID: 38198967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the clinical and microbiological characteristics of female patients with recurrent acute pyelonephritis (APN). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in South Korea from July 2019 to December 2021. All female patients aged ≥ 19 years who were diagnosed with community-acquired APN on admission were enrolled. The recurrent group included patients with APN who experienced urinary tract infections within the previous year. The clinical characteristics, types of causative organisms, major antibiotic resistance, and molecular characteristics of Escherichia coli strains were compared between the recurrent and non-recurrent groups. RESULTS A total of 285 patients with APN were analyzed, including 41 (14.4%) in the recurrent group. Compared to the non-recurrent group, the recurrent group had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.8 ± 2.1 vs. 1.1 ± 1.5; P = 0.01) and a higher proportion of bladder abnormalities, such as neurogenic bladder (12.2% vs. 2.0%; P = 0.001) and urinary catheterization (12.2% vs. 1.6%; P < 0.001). Escherichia coli was the most common causative organism in both groups. The proportion of Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.1% vs. 4.7%; P = 0.007) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.7% vs. 0.5%; P = 0.014) as a causative organism was higher in the recurrent group. Regarding the microbiological characteristics of Escherichia coli, there were no significant differences in the proportion of antibiotic resistance, phylogenetic groups, resistance genes, and virulence factors between the two groups. Multivariable analysis showed that neurogenic bladder and a history of admission or antibiotic use during 1 year prior to inclusion were significantly associated with recurrent APN. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of causative organisms except Escherichia coli was higher in the recurrent group than in the non-recurrent group. Neurogenic bladder and a history of admission or antibiotic use during 1 year prior to inclusion were risk factors for recurrent APN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choseok Yoon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeoungyeon Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wooyoung Jang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Ko
- School of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinnam Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Pai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yangsoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bongyoung Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Eom YJ, Lee H, Choo S, Kim R, Yi H, Kim R, Kim SS. Situational Avoidance and Its Association with Mental Health Among Transgender Adults in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study. LGBT Health 2024; 11:122-130. [PMID: 37831924 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2023.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In fear of discrimination or unwanted disclosure of their transgender identity, transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) people may commonly avoid daily activities. We assessed the prevalence of situational avoidance among TGNB people and examined its associations with mental health outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from a longitudinal survey conducted at baseline (2020) and follow-up (2021) among 268 TGNB people in South Korea. Situational avoidance due to transgender identity within the past 12 months was assessed based on 12 kinds of daily activities (e.g., public bathroom use, job applications, and hospital visits). Past-week depressive symptoms and past 2-week anxiety symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale and General Anxiety Disorder Scale, respectively. Results: Of 268 participants, 135 (50.4%) have ever avoided daily activities. The most frequently reported situational avoidance was public bathroom use (32.1%), followed by job applications (24.3%) and hospital visits (12.3%). After adjusting for confounders including baseline depressive symptoms and experience of anti-transgender discrimination, participants with any situational avoidance experience were 1.30 times (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.01-1.69) more likely to have anxiety symptoms compared with those without situational avoidance experience. In particular, participants who avoided three or more kinds of daily activities were 1.40 times (95% CI = 1.02-1.93) more likely to have anxiety symptoms than those without any experience of situational avoidance. No association was observed with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Multilateral interventions including anti-discrimination law enactment are necessary to reduce transphobia and provide support for TGNB people in Korea, thus reducing their fear of participating in daily activities and promoting their mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Eom
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Lee
- Jeju Institute of Public Health & Health Policy, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Sungsub Choo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ranyeong Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Horim Yi
- Solidarity for LGBT Human Rights of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rockli Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Health Policy and Management, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Seo YR, Cho AY, Si YJ, Lee SI, Kim DJ, Jeong H, Kwon JH, Song CS, Lee DH. Evolution and Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Wild Birds, South Korea, 2022-2023. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:299-309. [PMID: 38215495 PMCID: PMC10826760 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.231274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
During October 2022-March 2023, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus caused outbreaks in South Korea, including 174 cases in wild birds. To understand the origin and role of wild birds in the evolution and spread of HPAI viruses, we sequenced 113 HPAI isolates from wild birds and performed phylogenetic analysis. We identified 16 different genotypes, indicating extensive genetic reassortment with viruses in wild birds. Phylodynamic analysis showed that the viruses were most likely introduced to the southern Gyeonggi-do/northern Chungcheongnam-do area through whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) and spread southward. Cross-species transmission occurred between various wild bird species, including waterfowl and raptors, resulting in the persistence of HPAI in wild bird populations and further geographic spread as these birds migrated throughout South Korea. Enhanced genomic surveillance was an integral part of the HPAI outbreak response, aiding in timely understanding of the origin, evolution, and spread of the virus.
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Ntakiyisumba E, Tanveer M, Won G. Integrating meta-analysis with a quantitative microbial risk assessment model to investigate Campylobacter contamination of broiler carcasses. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113983. [PMID: 38309921 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of Campylobacter in South Korean broilers using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subsequently, to facilitate the design of preventive measures, the prevalence estimate from the meta-analysis was incorporated into a stochastic risk assessment model to quantify the Campylobacter contamination levels on broiler carcasses. The baseline model was developed based on the most common practices along the South Korean broiler processing line, with no interventions. Meta-analysis results revealed Campylobacter prevalence across the chicken supply chain in the following order: farms (60.6 % [57.3-63.4]), retail markets (43.90 % [24.81-64.99]), slaughterhouses (27.71 % [18.56-39.21]), and processing plants (14.50 % [3.96-41.09]). The model estimated a 52 % (36.1-70.8) Campylobacter prevalence at the end of chilling, with an average contamination level of 4.62 (2.50-6.74) log CFU/carcass. Sensitivity analysis indicated that Campylobacter fecal shedding (r = 0.95) and the amount of feces on bird exteriors (r = 0.17) at pre-harvest were the main factors for carcass contamination, while soft scalding (r = -0.22) and air chilling (r = -0.12) can serve as critical control points (CCPs) at harvest. Scenario analysis indicated that a combination of hard scalding, inside-outside bird washing, spray washing, and chlorinated water immersion chilling can offer a 30.9 % reduction in prevalence and a reduction of 2.23 log CFU/carcass in contamination levels compared to the baseline model. Apart from disinfection and sanitation interventions carried out during meat processing, the implementation of robust control measures is indispensable to mitigate Campylobacter prevalence and concentration at broiler farms, thereby enhancing meat safety and public health. Furthermore, given the high Campylobacter prevalence in the retail markets, future studies should explore the potential risk of cross-contamination at post-harvest stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurade Ntakiyisumba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79 Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Maryum Tanveer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79 Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon Won
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79 Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Juanola van Keizerswaard L, de Vries I, Moran N, Poorter S, Kok M, Zamberlin N, Kim S, Favier M, Chavkin W. The role of healthcare providers in expanding legal abortion: Qualitative insights from Argentina, Ireland, and South Korea. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 164 Suppl 1:21-30. [PMID: 38360031 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Abortion laws are key in creating an enabling environment that facilitates the advancement of people's sexual and reproductive health and rights. Around 50 countries have liberalized their abortion laws in the last decades by adding new grounds allowing abortion. The road toward the expansion of legal abortion is a long, highly sensitive, and difficult process. The specific role of healthcare providers in influencing abortion law reforms has been scarcely studied. With the objective to better understand their (potential) roles, a qualitative study was conducted in 2021 focusing on three countries that had recently liberalized their abortion regulations: Argentina, South Korea, and Ireland. For each country, key informant interviews were conducted with actors in advocacy for legal change, the majority with healthcare providers. The study results indicate that healthcare providers can contribute to the expansion of legal abortion through their influence on public and legal debates. Healthcare providers were found to be scientifically credible and trustworthy. Their voice and argumentation counteracted anti-rights arguments and addressed information gaps, by providing specific clinical experiences and medical information. Healthcare providers amplified women's experiences through their testimonies and had entry points within governmental bodies, which facilitated their advocacy. These healthcare providers often functioned as individual operating obstetrician/gynecologists or general practitioners who were engaged in networks of health professionals or had previous advocacy experience. In a global context of social and political contention around abortion, extending the engagement of healthcare providers in law and policy deliberation on abortion appears to be useful. This requires recognizing the diversity of roles that healthcare providers can take up, creating a safe environment in which they can operate, equipping them with skills that go beyond the medical expert role and facilitating strategic partnerships that seek complementarity between multiple stakeholders, building on the uniqueness of each stakeholder's expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene de Vries
- KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Moran
- KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Poorter
- KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryse Kok
- KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sunhye Kim
- Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mary Favier
- Doctors for Choice Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Start Providers Group, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Doctors for Choice, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wendy Chavkin
- Global Doctors for Choice, New York City, New York, USA
- Mailman School of Public Health and College Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
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45
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Kim S, Lee I, Lee M, Champion JD. The effects and challenges of alcohol use disorder peer support service in South Korea: A focus group study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2024; 33:159-165. [PMID: 37743562 DOI: 10.1111/inm.13230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Although alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with a high disease burden due to medical consequences, people with AUD often do not receive appropriate treatment or community health service support. Peer-support services, intended to bridge the gap between patients with AUD and mental health providers have produced successful results. However, the number of studies on peer supporters in South Korea, especially those with AUD, is limited. Therefore, research on the effectiveness or challenges faced by AUD peer supporters in Korea is required to meet the challenges posed by increases in the numbers and capabilities of peer supporters in the mental health field. This qualitative study (N = 13), included focus group interviews of AUD peer supporters (n = 7), and supervisors of peer supporters (n = 6). Focus group data were analysed using thematic analysis methods. These analyses identified themes including 'Life before AUD peer supporters: The moment of change', 'Effects of peer support services: Working as peer supporters changed our lives', 'Challenges of peer supporter services: Things experienced as a team' and 'Future directions: How we can improve peer support services'? Findings indicate that healthcare professionals, educated to maintain clear boundaries, are discouraged from disclosing personal information or developing personal relationships with patients. On the other hand, peer supporters discuss personal histories and prioritize personal connections. By acting as comrades, peer supporters have positive effects. By sharing their experiences, peer supporters formed appropriate relationships with AUD patients and families resulting in more active engagement in treatment programmes and increased numbers of patients receiving outpatient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojeong Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Mihyong Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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Lin Z, Lee J. Changing attitudes toward homosexuality in South Korea, 1996-2018. Soc Sci Res 2024; 118:102972. [PMID: 38336423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Women are often considered more liberal than men on controversial social issues, but gender gaps in sociopolitical attitudes across different age groups have not been fully explored. This study challenges the taken-for-granted gender differences in public attitudes toward homosexuality by examining both between-gender gaps and within-gender changes across the life course. Using data from five waves of the World Values Survey in South Korea, we explore gender and age differences in Korean adults' attitudes toward homosexuality from 1996 to 2018. Consistent with previous research, people become more conservative as they get older, and in general, women are more accepting of homosexuality than men, accounting for sociodemographic covariates. However, this gender difference is conditioned by people's life stages. Only among young adults (aged 18-29) were female respondents more accepting of homosexuality than their male counterparts. For people aged 30 and older, there are no significant gender differences in attitudes, and for both women and men, homosexuality is mostly unacceptable during their mid (aged 50-59) and late adulthood (aged 60+). Further mediation investigation has shown gendered mechanisms behind age differences in homosexuality acceptability. For both women and men, traditional family/gender attitudes provide significant explanations about age differences in homosexuality, while for women, not for men, family status, especially the number of children, makes older women more conservative in homosexuality issues. We suggest that heteropatriarchal social structures may lead to a resistance to attitudinal changes in non-traditional family forms, such as homosexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Lin
- Department of Sociology and Demography, The University of Texas at San Antonio, USA.
| | - Jaein Lee
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Arkansas State University, USA.
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Yan G, Wang J, Thwin M. A new Frontier in electric load forecasting: The LSV/MOPA model optimized by modified orca predation algorithm. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24183. [PMID: 38298679 PMCID: PMC10827692 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric load forecasting is a vital task for energy management and policy-making. However, it is also a challenging problem due to the complex and dynamic nature of electric load data. In this paper, a novel technique, called LSV/MOPA, has been proposed for electric load forecasting. The technique is a hybrid model that combines the advantages of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR), two powerful artificial intelligence algorithms. The hybrid model is further optimized by a newly Modified Orca Predation Algorithm (MOPA), which enhances the forecasting accuracy and efficiency. The LSV/MOPA model has been applied to historical electric load data from South Korea, covering four regions and 20 years. The LSV/MOPA model has been compared with other state-of-the-art forecasting techniques, including SVR/FFA, LSTM/BO, LSTM-SVR, and CNN-LSTM. The results show that the LSV/MOPA model with minimum average mean absolute percentage deviation error, including 365 in northern region, 12.8 in southern region, 8.6 in central region, and 30.8 in eastern region, provides the best fitting and outperforms the other techniques in terms of the Mean Absolute Percentage Deviation (MAPD) index, achieving lower values for all regions and years. The LSV/MOPA model also exhibits faster convergence and better generalization than the other techniques. This study demonstrates the effectiveness and superiority of the LSV/MOPA model for electric load forecasting and suggests its potential applications in other sectors where accurate forecasting is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Yan
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Myo Thwin
- Yangon Technological University, Myanmar
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
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Lim SY, Jo HJ, Lee SY, Ahn M, Kim Y, Jeon J, Kim ES, Chin B, Choi JP, Kim NJ. Clinical Features of Mpox Patients in Korea: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. J Korean Med Sci 2024; 39:e19. [PMID: 38288533 PMCID: PMC10825456 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mpox is a viral illness with a characteristic skin rash caused by the monkeypox virus. In 2022, Mpox spread throughout the world, and an epidemic through domestic transmission started in South Korea in early 2023. This study aimed to summarize the clinical features of Mpox patients in South Korea. METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective study conducted at four hospitals in South Korea. All adult patients diagnosed with Mpox who were admitted to the study hospitals between June 1, 2022 and May 26, 2023 and were discharged by June 30, 2023 were reviewed. RESULTS Sixty patients were included, accounting for 65.9% of Mpox cases reported in South Korea during the study period. Median age was 32 years and 97% (58/60) of patients were male. In total, 85% (51/60) of patients reported their sexual orientation as homosexual or bisexual. The most common route of transmission was sexual or close contact (55/60). Every patient had a skin rash and 88% (53/60) had constitutional symptoms. In total, 42% (25/60) of patients had human immunodeficiency virus and 25% (15/60) had concomitant sexually transmitted infections. Severe manifestations of Mpox were identified in only two patients. CONCLUSION Mpox patients in South Korea were mainly young adult males and were infected through sexual contact. The clinical outcomes were favorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yun Lim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jae Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease Response, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Miyoung Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonjae Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Jeon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - BumSik Chin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jae-Phil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Nam Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee J, Jeong Y, Kim J, Kwon S, Seo E, Jeong J, Lee W. The impact of alcohol consumption on hearing loss in male workers with a focus on alcohol flushing reaction: the Kangbuk Samsung Cohort Study. Ann Occup Environ Med 2024; 36:e1. [PMID: 38379640 PMCID: PMC10874948 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2024.36.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite hearing loss being a prevalent chronic condition, estimated to nearly 20% of the global population by the World Health Organization, the specific association with individual lifestyle factors, particularly alcohol consumption, remains unclear. In South Korea, approximately 80% of the population engages in alcohol consumption, with a notably high prevalence among males, indicating a high-risk drinking pattern. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the correlation between alcohol consumption and hearing loss in male workers, as well as to analyze additional variables such as alcohol flushing reaction, with the intention of improving worker health. Methods The study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2019, targeting 114,114 participants who visited Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Total Healthcare Centers. Data were collected through pure-tone audiometry tests and alcohol-related questionnaire, and statistical analysis was performed using Cox regression analysis. Based on previous studies indicating a potential protective effect of light drinking on hearing loss, this group was designated as the reference. Additionally, stratified analyses were conducted based on the presence of alcohol flushing reaction and different working hours. Results The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for hearing loss was higher in the heavy drinking group (1.23 [1.11-1.37]) compared to the moderate drinking group (1.09 [0.98-1.20]). Stratified analyses revealed a significantly elevated the hazard ratio of hearing loss in groups with alcohol flushing reaction compared to those without this factor. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that moderate or heavy alcohol consumption in male workers can increase the risk of hearing loss, particularly in those with alcohol flushing reaction. These findings underscore the importance of addressing alcohol-related factors concerning hearing health among male workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehong Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youshik Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Kwon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunhye Seo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsook Jeong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woncheol Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Yi J, Hong KJ. Effects of working conditions on the perception of night work safety and health effects on nurses. Int Nurs Rev 2024. [PMID: 38221733 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine night working conditions by shift work type and identify the effects of night working conditions on nurses' perceptions of shift work safety and health effects. BACKGROUND Night work is the main factor affecting nurses' health. However, the safety of night working conditions has not been sufficiently examined in previous studies. METHODS This study used a cross-sectional research design and an online survey using a tool released by the Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union, and the responses of 348 shift work nurses in Korea were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effects of shift work conditions on the perceived safety of night work and health effects. The STROBE reporting guidelines were utilized, and data were collected from December 1 to December 31, 2021. RESULTS The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that perceived threat to safety and the health effects of shift work were not significant according to shift type. However, night-shift-work nurses who worked alone (P = 0.003), lacked an emergency recovery system (P = 0.026), and had difficulty commuting perceived a threat to their health (P = 0.007). Additionally, nurses who experienced loss of concentration (P = 0.006) and inadequate rest time (P < 0.001) perceived the health effects of shift work. DISCUSSION Urgent monitoring of night work conditions is necessary for the 2-shift work type. Nurses must work night shifts together and an emergency system should be established for their safety. CONCLUSION Night work conditions should be improved to prevent the hazards of night work and its negative health effects on nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY This study suggests the necessity of a policy to enhance night work safety, including emergency coping systems and sufficient inter-shift rest time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseon Yi
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Hong
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Chunchen, South Korea
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