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Lee YN, Kim MK, Kim HJ, Yu MK, Lee KW, Min KS. Evaluation of the root dentin bond strength and intratubular biomineralization of a premixed calcium aluminate-based hydraulic bioceramic endodontic sealer. J Oral Sci 2024; 66:96-101. [PMID: 38325857 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the dentin bonding strength and biomineralization effect of a recently developed premixed calcium aluminate-based endodontic sealer (Dia-Root Bio Sealer) in comparison with existing calcium silicate-based sealers. METHODS The root canals of 80 mandibular premolars were filled with Dia-Root Bio Sealer, Endoseal MTA, EndoSequence BC Sealer, and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer. Medial and apical specimens were then obtained by sectioning. The push-out bond strength was measured using the medial specimens, and the failure mode was recorded. Intratubular biomineralization in the apical specimens was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). RESULTS The push-out bond strength of Dia-Root Bio Sealer was significantly higher than that of the other tested materials, and a cohesive failure pattern was observed in all groups. Dia-Root Bio Sealer also exhibited a significantly higher degree of biomineralization than the other groups, and EDS analysis indicated that the biomineralized precipitates were amorphous calcium phosphate. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that Dia-Root Bio Sealer has the potential to be used as an adequate root canal sealer due to its favorable bonding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University
| | - Min-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Kosin University
| | - Hee-Jin Kim
- Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Kosin University
| | - Mi-Kyung Yu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
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Baek YG, Lee YN, Cha RM, Park MJ, Lee YJ, Park CK, Lee EK. Research Note: Comparative evaluation of pathogenicity in SPF chicken between different subgroups of H5N6 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103289. [PMID: 38103528 PMCID: PMC10764262 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2014, periodic outbreaks of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) caused by clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAI virus (HPAIV) have resulted in huge economic losses in the Korean poultry industry. During the winter season of 2016-2017, clade 2.3.4.4e H5N6 HPAIVs classified into 5 subgroups (C1-5) were introduced into South Korea. Interestingly, it was revealed that the subgroup C2 and C4 viruses were predominantly distributed throughout the country, whereas detection of the subgroup C3 viruses was confined in a specific local region. In the present study, we conducted comparative evaluation of the pathogenicity of viruses belonging to subgroups C2 and C3 (H15 and HN1 strains) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, and further compared them with previously determined pathogenicity of subgroup C4 (ES2 strain) virus. The HN1 strain showed lower viral replication in tissues, less transmissibility, and higher mean chicken lethal dose than the H15 and ES2 strains in SPF chickens. Considering that the HN1 strain has a different NS gene segment from the H15 and ES2 strains, the reassortment of the NS gene segment likely affects their infectivity and transmissibility in chickens. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring the genetic characteristics and pathogenic features of HPAIVs to effectively control their outbreaks in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute for Veterinary Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Gamliel A, Lee YN, Lev A, AbuZaitun O, Rechavi E, Levy S, Simon AJ, Somech R. Immunologic Heterogeneity in 2 Cartilage-Hair Hypoplasia Patients With a Distinct Clinical Course. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2023; 33:263-270. [PMID: 35166674 DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome associated with skeletal dysplasia, varying degrees of combined immunodeficiency (CID), short stature, hair hypoplasia, macrocytic anemia, increased risk of malignancies, and Hirschsprung disease. To provide clinical and immunological insights obtained from 2 unrelated patients who displayed clinical characteristics of CHH. METHODS Two patients with suspected CHH syndrome due to skeletal dysplasia and immunodeficiency underwent an immunological and genetic work-up using flow cytometry, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the immune repertoire, and Sanger sequencing to identify the underlying defects. RESULTS Patient 1 presented with low birth weight and skeletal dysplasia. Newborn screening was suggestive of T-cell immunodeficiency, as T-cell receptor excision circle levels were undetectable. Both the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vß and TCR-g (TRG) repertoires were restricted, with evidence of clonal expansion. Genetic analysis identified compound heterozygous RMRP variants inherited from both parents. Patient 2 presented with recurrent lung and gastrointestinal infections, skeletal dysplasia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly. The polyclonal pattern of the TCRß repertoire was normal, with only slight overexpression of TCR-ßV20 and restricted expression of Vßs. TRG expressed a normal diverse repertoire, similar to that of the healthy control sample. Genetic analysis identified biallelic novel regulatory variants in RMRP. Both parents are carriers of this mutation. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate how the immunological work-up, supported by genetic findings, can dramatically change treatment and future outcome in patients with the same clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gamliel
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y N Lee
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Lev
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O AbuZaitun
- Ambulatory Pediatrics, Nablus, Palestinian Authority
| | - E Rechavi
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Levy
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - A J Simon
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Hematology Laboratory, Hemato-Immunology Unit, and Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - R Somech
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Cha RM, Lee YN, Park MJ, Baek YG, Shin JI, Jung CH, Sagong M, Heo GB, Kang YM, Lee KN, Lee YJ, Lee EK. Genetic Characterization and Pathogenesis of H5N1 High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in South Korea during 2021-2022. Viruses 2023; 15:1403. [PMID: 37376703 DOI: 10.3390/v15061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx have been circulating in poultry and wild birds worldwide since 2014. In South Korea, after the first clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAI viruses were isolated from wild birds in October 2021, additional HPAIV outbreaks occurred in poultry farms until April 2022. In this study, we genetically characterized clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV isolates in 2021-2022 and examined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of A/mandarin duck/Korea/WA585/2021 (H5N1) (WA585/21) in chickens and ducks. Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAI viruses caused 47 outbreaks in poultry farms and were also detected in multiple wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA genes indicated that Korean H5N1 HPAI isolates were closely related to Eurasian viruses isolated in 2021-2022. Four distinct genotypes of H5N1 HPAI viruses were identified in poultry, and the majority were also found in wild birds. WA585/21 inoculated chickens showed virulent pathogenicity with high mortality and transmission. Meanwhile, ducks infected with the virus showed no mortality but exhibited high rates of transmission and longer viral shedding than chickens, suggesting that they may play an important role as silent carriers. In conclusion, consideration of both genetic and pathogenic traits of H5N1 HPAI viruses is required for effective viral control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ra Mi Cha
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-In Shin
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingeun Sagong
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Beom Heo
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Myung Kang
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
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Chou YH, Lee YN, Su CH, Yeh HI, Wu YJ. AD-9308 ameliorates the impacts of 4-HNE on the progress of pulmonary arterial hypertension in aldehyde dehydrogenase 2*1*2 knock-in mice. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunctions play a critical role on the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It has been reported that the one-year mortality rate is still up to 15% even with PAH-targeted therapy, implying that there may be untargeted pathways. 4-hydroxynenonal (4-HNE), an unsaturated aldehyde, is highly induced in the lungs of PAH animals and its serum levels were also reported to be higher in PAH patients. 4-HNE is metabolized by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), which is dysfunctional in near 40% of East Asian people. Currently, the impacts of 4-HNE on endothelial dysfunctions in the development of PAH are unclear. In terms of translational medicine, we proposed that modulation of 4-HNE level may alleviate the progress of PAH patients with ALDH2 deficiency.
We found that 4-HNE alone was not sufficient to induce pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) functional changes, including proliferation, migration and tube formation, whereas their effects emerge from the depletion of ALDH2. We further mimicked human ALDH2 functional deficiency by using daidzin (DZN), an inhibitor which is able to block the substrate binding site of ALDH2. ALDH2 functional inhibition alone did not induce any PAEC functional change, while an add-on of 4-HNE impaired PAEC functions. In addition, 4-HNE significantly reduced eNOS activity with combined DZN treatment. Consistent with the mechanism of ALDH2 activity-mediated angiogensis, ALDH2 enhancers Alda-1 and AD-5591 completely reverse the anti-angiogenic effects of 4-HNE in the presence of DZN. To further confirm whether ALDH2 functional deficiency impact on PAH development in mammals, heterozygous ALDH2*1/*2 transgenic and wild-type mice were subjected to chronic hypoxia to induce PAH. ALDH2*1/*2 transgenic mice had similar right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) as wild-type mice. However, after exposure to chronic hypoxia, ALDH2*1/*2 transgenic mice indeed developed a significantly higher RVSP than that in wild-type mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 4-HNE expression was profoundly enhanced in ALDH2*1/*2 transgenic mice by chronic hypoxia-induced PAH with pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell hyperplasia. More importantly, we found that AD-9308, an enhancer of ALDH2 significantly decreased hypoxia-induced RVSP elevation in heterozygous ALDH2*1/*2 transgenic mice.
Taken together, our data demonstrate that 4-HNE and ALDH2 functional deficiency potentially contribute to PAH development and worsening, and that ALDH2 enhancers may be promising as a PAH adjunct therapy, particularly for patients with ALDH2 nonfunctional alleles.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chou
- Mackay Medical College, Institute of Biomedical Sciences , New Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Y N Lee
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Departments of Medical Research , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - C H Su
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Cardiovascular Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - H I Yeh
- Mackay Memorial Hospital, Cardiovascular Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Y J Wu
- Mackay Medical College, Department of Medicine , New Taipei , Taiwan
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So S, Lee S, Lee Y, Han J, Kang S, Choi J, Kim B, Kim D, Yoo HJ, Shim IK, Oh JY, Lee YN, Kim SC, Kang E. Dysfunctional pancreatic cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells with mitochondrial DNA mutations. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35651332 PMCID: PMC9537029 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.9.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious disease in which blood sugar levels rise abnormally because of failed insulin production or decreased insulin sensitivity. Although many studies are being conducted for the treatment or early diagnosis of DM, it is not fully understood how mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) abnormalities appear in patients with DM. Here, we induced iPSCs from fibroblasts, PBMCs, or pancreatic cells of three patients with type 2 DM (T2D) and three patients with non-diabetes counterpart. The mtDNA mutations were detected randomly without any tendency among tissues or patients. In T2D patients, 62% (21/34) of iPSC clones harbored multiple mtDNA mutations, of which 37% were homoplasmy at the 100% mutation level compared to only 8% in non-diabetes. We next selected iPSC clones that were a wild type or carried mutations and differentiated into pancreatic cells. Oxygen consumption rates were significantly lower in cells carrying mutant mtDNA. Additionally, the mutant cells exhibited decreased production of insulin and reduced secretion of insulin in response to glucose. Overall, the results suggest that screening mtDNA mutations in iPSCs from patients with T2D is an essential step before pancreatic cell differentiation for disease modeling or autologous cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjun So
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo & Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Song Lee
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo & Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jongsuk Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo & Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Soonsuk Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo & Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Jiwan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo & Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Bitnara Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo & Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Deokhoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Yoo
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - In-Kyong Shim
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Ju-Yun Oh
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Song-Cheol Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine & Stem Cell Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eunju Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science and Center for Embryo & Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
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Si YJ, Park YR, Baek YG, Park MJ, Lee EK, Lee KN, Kim HR, Lee YJ, Lee YN. Pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of low pathogenic avian influenza H10 viruses isolated from migratory birds in South Korea during 2010-2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:2588-2599. [PMID: 34863022 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human infection by avian-origin subtype H10 influenza viruses has raised concerns about the pandemic potential of these microbes. H10 subtype low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) have been isolated from wild birds and poultry worldwide. Here, we isolated 36 H10 LPAIVs from wild bird habitats (a mean annual rate of 3.8% of all avian influenza virus isolations) from January 2010 to April 2019 through a nationwide active surveillance program for avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the haemagglutinin (HA) gene of H10 isolates formed eight distinct genetic subgroups (HA-A-H). Unlike other Eurasian-origin subgroups, the HA-H subgroup belonged to the North American lineage. Gene-constellation analysis revealed that 24 H10 LPAIVs constituted ≥18 distinct genotypes, representing high levels of genetic diversity. An intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) experiment showed that the pathogenicity of representative strains of the HA-B, E and G subgroups possessing an IVPI score >1.2 was associated with replication capacity in the chicken kidney in the absence of trypsin. Intranasal inoculation experiments showed that a representative strain of the HA-D subgroup replicated and transmitted in chickens without clinical signs. Subclinical virus shedding in chickens may contribute to its silent spread among the poultry population. Moreover, six representative viruses replicated in the lungs of mice without prior adaptation and a representative strain of the HA-C subgroup caused 40% mortality, with severe body weight loss. These findings highlight the importance of intensive surveillance of wild bird habitats, poultry farms and the animal-human interface, along with appropriate risk assessment of isolated viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Si
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Kim
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongs angbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Baek YG, Lee YN, Park YR, Chung DH, Kwon JH, Si YJ, Heo GB, Lee YJ, Lee DH, Lee EK. Evolution, Transmission, and Pathogenicity of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus A (H5N8) Clade 2.3.4.4, South Korea, 2014–2016. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:906944. [PMID: 35799844 PMCID: PMC9253604 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.906944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2014–2016, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) caused the largest known avian influenza epidemic in South Korea. Based on data from earlier H5N8 outbreaks, primitive H5N8 virus in South Korea was classified into five subgroups: C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5. The present study investigated the pathogenic and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of H5N8 viruses obtained from 388 cases of poultry farms and 85 cases of wild bird infections in South Korea during 2014–2016. Representative viruses of subgroups C1, C2, and C4 showed significant pathobiological differences in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, with the H1731 (C1) virus showing substantially lower infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity than the H2102 (C2) and H1924 (C4) viruses. Full genome sequence analysis showed the number of mutations that significantly increased in domestic duck-origin H5N8 HPAIVs compared to the viruses from gallinaceous poultry. These differences may have been due to the long-term circulation of viruses in domestic duck farms. The same mutations, at positions 219 and 757 of PB1, independently evolving in the C0, C1, and C2 subgroups may have been positively selected, resulting in convergent evolution at the amino acid level. Bayesian discrete trait phylodynamic analysis (DTA) indicated multiple introductions of H5N8 HPAIV from wild birds into domestic poultry in various regions in South Korea. Following initial viral introduction into domestic duck farms in the western part of Korea, domestic ducks played a major role in viral transmission and maintenance. These findings highlight the need for continued genomic surveillance and pathobiological characterization of HPAIV in birds. Enhanced biosecurity in poultry farms should be implemented to prevent the introduction, maintenance, and spread of HPAIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - David H. Chung
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Jae Si
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Gyeong-Beom Heo
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Dong-Hun Lee
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, South Korea
- Eun-Kyoung Lee
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Sagong M, Lee YN, Song S, Cha RM, Lee EK, Kang YM, Cho HK, Kang HM, Lee YJ, Lee KN. Emergence of clade 2.3.4.4b novel reassortant H5N1 High Pathogenicity avian influenza virus in South Korea during late 2021. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e3255-e3260. [PMID: 35413157 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High pathogenicity H5N1 avian influenza viruses pose a threat to both animal and human health worldwide. In late 2020, outbreaks of H5 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses belonging to clade 2.3.4.4b emerged in Europe, following on from outbreaks in East Asia in earlier years. However, very recent studies show that clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1, rather than 2.3.4.4b H5N8, has become predominant in wild birds and has infected poultry in several countries. In this study, we describe isolation of a novel H5N1 virus from a captured mandarin duck in South Korea, and another H5N1 virus from a quail farm. We performed genetic analysis of these two viruses to identify their origin and to determine their relationship with the clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses currently circulating in Europe. Based on our results, it is presumed that the novel H5N1 virus isolated in Korea originated from an unknown reassortant between clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses circulating from 2020 and other Eurasian viruses, with additional reassortment of genes and point mutations that discriminate them from the recently reported H5N1 virus in Europe. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingeun Sagong
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - San Song
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Myung Kang
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyu Cho
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
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Yoo DS, Kang SI, Lee YN, Lee EK, Kim WY, Lee YJ. Bridging the Local Persistence and Long-Range Dispersal of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIv): A Case Study of HPAIv-Infected Sedentary and Migratory Wildfowls Inhabiting Infected Premises. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010116. [PMID: 35062320 PMCID: PMC8780574 DOI: 10.3390/v14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have seen the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infections that are characterized as extremely contagious, with a high fatality rate in chickens, and humans; this has sparked considerable concerns for global health. Generally, the new variant of the HPAI virus crossed into various countries through wild bird migration, and persisted in the local environment through the interactions between wild and farmed birds. Nevertheless, no studies have found informative cases associated with connecting local persistence and long-range dispersal. During the 2016–2017 HPAI H5N6 epidemic in South Korea, we observed several waterfowls with avian influenza infection under telemetric monitoring. Based on the telemetry records and surveillance data, we conducted a case study to test hypotheses related to the transmission pathway between wild birds and poultry. One sedentary wildfowl naturally infected with HPAI H5N6, which overlapped with the home range of one migratory bird with H5-specific antibody-positive, showed itself to be phylogenetically close to the isolates from a chicken farm located within its habitat. Our study is the first observational study that provides scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis that the HPAI spillover into poultry farms is caused by local persistence in sedentary birds, in addition to its long-range dispersal by sympatric migratory birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-sung Yoo
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea;
| | - Sung-Il Kang
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea;
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (Y.-N.L.); (E.-K.L.)
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (Y.-N.L.); (E.-K.L.)
| | - Woo-yuel Kim
- Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Korea;
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea; (Y.-N.L.); (E.-K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Lee YN, Lee DH, Kwon JH, Shin JI, Hong SY, Cha RM, Baek YG, Lee EK, Sagong M, Heo GB, Lee KN, Lee YJ. Genetic Characterization of Novel H7Nx Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses from Wild Birds in South Korea during the Winter of 2020-2021. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112274. [PMID: 34835080 PMCID: PMC8624117 DOI: 10.3390/v13112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic infection with avian influenza viruses (AIVs) of subtype H7, such as H7N9 and H7N4, has raised concerns worldwide. During the winter of 2020–2021, five novel H7 low pathogenic AIVs (LPAIVs) containing different neuraminidase (NA) subtypes, including two H7N3, an H7N8, and two H7N9, were detected in wild bird feces in South Korea. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel H7Nx AIVs were reassortants containing two gene segments (hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix) that were related to the zoonotic Jiangsu–Cambodian H7 viruses causing zoonotic infection and six gene segments originating from LPAIVs circulating in migratory birds in Eurasia. A genomic constellation analysis demonstrated that all H7 isolates contained a mix of gene segments from different viruses, indicating that multiple reassortment occurred. The well-known mammalian adaptive substitution (E627K and D701N) in PB2 was not detected in any of these isolates. The detection of multiple reassortant H7Nx AIVs in wild birds highlights the need for intensive surveillance in both wild birds and poultry in Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-912-0969; Fax: +82-54-912-0977
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, The University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Unit-3089, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Jung-Hoon Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Jae-In Shin
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Seo Yun Hong
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Mingeun Sagong
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Gyeong-Beum Heo
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (J.-I.S.); (S.Y.H.); (R.M.C.); (Y.-G.B.); (E.-K.L.); (M.S.); (G.-B.H.); (K.-N.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
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Lee YN, Lee DH, Shin JI, Si YJ, Lee JH, Baek YG, Hong SY, Bunnary S, Tum S, Park M, Kye SJ, Lee MH, Lee YJ. Pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of a novel reassortant low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N6) virus isolated in Cambodia in 2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3180-3186. [PMID: 34347386 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The first human case of zoonotic A(H7N4) avian influenza virus (AIV) infection was reported in early 2018 in China. Two months after this case, novel A(H7N4) viruses phylogenetically related to the Jiangsu isolate emerged in ducks from live bird markets in Cambodia. During active surveillance in Cambodia, a novel A(H7N6) reassortant of the zoonotic low pathogenic AIV (LPAIV) A(H7N4) was detected in domestic ducks at a slaughterhouse. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel A(H7N6) AIV is a reassortant, in which four gene segments originated from Cambodia A(H7N4) viruses and four gene segments originated from LPAIVs in Eurasia. Animal infection experiments revealed that chickens transmitted the A(H7N6) virus via low-level direct contacts, but ducks did not. Although avian-origin A(H7Nx) LPAIVs do not contain the critical mammalian-adaptive substitution (E627K) in PB2, the lethality and morbidity of the A(H7N6) virus in BALB/c mice were similar to those of A(H7N9) viruses, suggesting potential for interspecies transmission. Our study reports the emergence of a new reassortant of zoonotic A(H7N4) AIVs with novel viral characteristics and emphasizes the need for ongoing surveillance of avian-origin A(H7Nx) viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jae-In Shin
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jae Si
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Hong
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seng Bunnary
- Department of Animal Health and Production, National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sothyra Tum
- Department of Animal Health and Production, National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Minji Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Kye
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
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Baek YG, Lee YN, Lee DH, Shin JI, Lee JH, Chung DH, Lee EK, Heo GB, Sagong M, Kye SJ, Lee KN, Lee MH, Lee YJ. Multiple Reassortants of H5N8 Clade 2.3.4.4b Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses Detected in South Korea during the Winter of 2020-2021. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030490. [PMID: 33809549 PMCID: PMC8001867 DOI: 10.3390/v13030490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
During October 2020–January 2021, we isolated a total of 67 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses from wild birds and outbreaks in poultry in South Korea. We sequenced the isolates and performed phylogenetic analysis of complete genome sequences to determine the origin, evolution, and spread patterns of these viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene showed that all the isolates belong to H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subgroup B (2.3.4.4b) and form two distinct genetic clusters, G1 and G2. The cluster G1 was closely related to the 2.3.4.4b H5N8 HPAI viruses detected in Europe in early 2020, while the cluster G2 had a close genetic relationship with the 2.3.4.4b H5N8 viruses that circulated in Europe in late 2020. A total of seven distinct genotypes were identified, including five novel reassortants carrying internal genes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Our Bayesian discrete trait phylodynamic analysis between host types suggests that the viruses initially disseminated from migratory waterfowl to domestic duck farms in South Korea. Subsequently, domestic duck farms most likely contributed to the transmission of HPAI viruses to chicken and minor poultry farms, highlighting the need for enhanced, high levels of biosecurity measures at domestic duck farms to effectively prevent the introduction and spread of HPAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, The University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Unit-3089, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (D.-H.L.); (D.H.C.)
| | - Jae-in Shin
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - David H. Chung
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, The University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Unit-3089, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; (D.-H.L.); (D.H.C.)
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Gyeong-Beom Heo
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Mingeun Sagong
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Soo-Jeong Kye
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (Y.-G.B.); (Y.-N.L.); (J.-i.S.); (J.-H.L.); (E.-K.L.); (G.-B.H.); (M.S.); (S.-J.K.); (K.-N.L.); (M.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-912-0968; Fax: +82-54-912-0977
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Lee YN, Shin HS. Analytical Method for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Various Ready-to-Eat Food Products in Korea. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1614641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Food Science & Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jung YJ, Lee YN, Kim KH, Lee Y, Jeeva S, Park BR, Kang SM. Recombinant Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Expressing Conserved G-Protein Domain in a Chimeric Hemagglutinin Molecule Induces G-Specific Antibodies and Confers Protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040716. [PMID: 33271920 PMCID: PMC7711863 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens causing significant morbidity and mortality in infants and the elderly. Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is a licensed vaccine platform in humans and it is known to induce broader immune responses. RSV G attachment proteins mediate virus binding to the target cells and they contain a conserved central domain with neutralizing epitopes. Here, we generated recombinant LAIV based on the attenuated A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 virus backbone, expressing an RSV conserved G-domain in a chimeric hemagglutinin (HA) fusion molecule (HA-G). The attenuated phenotypes of chimeric HA-G LAIV were evident by restricted replication in the upper respiratory tract and low temperature growth characteristics. The immunization of mice with chimeric HA-G LAIV induced significant increases in G-protein specific IgG2a (T helper type 1) and IgG antibody-secreting cell responses in lung, bronchioalveolar fluid, bone marrow, and spleens after RSV challenge. Vaccine-enhanced disease that is typically caused by inactivated-RSV vaccination was not observed in chimeric HA-G LAIV as analyzed by lung histopathology. These results in this study suggest a new approach of developing an RSV vaccine candidate while using recombinant LAIV, potentially conferring protection against influenza virus and RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo 39660, Korea
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Subbiah Jeeva
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (Y.-J.J.); (Y.-N.L.); (K.-H.K.); (Y.L.); (S.J.); (B.R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Si YJ, Lee YN, Cheon SH, Park YR, Baek YG, Kye SJ, Lee MH, Lee YJ. Isolation and characterization of low pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus from a red-crowned crane in a zoo in South Korea. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:432. [PMID: 33167987 PMCID: PMC7653808 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background South Korea conducts annual national surveillance programs to detect avian influenza (AI) in domestic poultry, live bird markets, and wild birds. In March 2017, an AIV was isolated from fecal samples in an outdoor aviary flight cage in a zoo in Korea. Results Nucleotide sequencing identified the isolate as low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H7N7, and DNA barcoding analysis identified the host species as red-crowned crane. This isolate was designated A/red-crowned crane/Korea/H1026/2017 (H7N7). Genetic analysis and gene constellation analysis revealed that A/red-crowned crane/Korea/H1026/2017 (H7N7) showed high similarity with four H7N7 LPAIVs isolated from wild bird habitats in Seoul and Gyeonggi in early 2017. Conclusions Considering the genetic similarity and similar collection dates of the viruses, and the fact that zoo bird cages are vulnerable to AIV, it is likely that fecal contamination from wild birds might have introduced LPAIV H7N7 into the red-crowned crane at the zoo. Therefore, our results emphasize that enhanced biosecurity measures should be employed during the wild bird migration season, and that continued surveillance should be undertaken to prevent potential threats to avian species in zoos and to humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-020-02645-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jae Si
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ha Cheon
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Kye
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Park YR, Lee YN, Lee DH, Si YJ, Baek YG, Bunnary S, Theary R, Tum S, Kye SJ, Lee MH, Park CK, Lee YJ. Phylogeographic analysis of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus isolated in Cambodia from 2018 to 2019. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 86:104599. [PMID: 33096302 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Since 2004, several outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have been reported in Cambodia. Until 2013, all H5N1 viruses identified in Cambodia belonged to clade 1 and its subclades. H5N1 HPAI viruses belonging to clade 2.3.2.1c have been dominant since the beginning of 2014, with various genotypes (KH1-KH5) reported. Here, we isolated nine H5N1 HPAI viruses from domestic poultry farms and slaughterhouses in Cambodia during 2018-2019 and performed phylogenetic analysis of whole genome sequences. All isolates were classified as H5 clade 2.3.2.1c viruses and all harbored multi-basic amino acid sequences (PQRERRRKR/GLF) at the haemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H5N1 isolates in this study belonged to the KH2 genotype, the dominant genotype in Cambodia in 2015. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA gene showed that the isolates were divided into two groups (A and B). The results of Bayesian discrete phylogeography analysis revealed that the viral migration pathways from Vietnam to Cambodia (Bayes factor value: 734,039.01; posterior probability: 1.00) and from Cambodia to Vietnam (Bayes factor value: 26,199.95; posterior probability: 1.00) were supported by high statistical values. These well-supported viral migrations between Vietnam and Cambodia demonstrate that viral transmission continued in both directions. Several factors may have contributed to this, including the free-grazing duck system and movement of poultry-related products. Thus, the results emphasize the need for an enhanced international surveillance program to better understand transboundary infection and evolution of H5N1 HPAI viruses, along with implementation of more stringent international trade controls on poultry and poultry products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Park
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Young-Jae Si
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seng Bunnary
- Department of Animal Health and Production, National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ren Theary
- Department of Animal Health and Production, National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sothyra Tum
- Department of Animal Health and Production, National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Soo-Jeong Kye
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kim KH, Jung YJ, Lee Y, Park BR, Oh J, Lee YN, Kim MC, Jeeva S, Kang SM. Cross protection by inactivated recombinant influenza viruses containing chimeric hemagglutinin conjugates with a conserved neuraminidase or M2 ectodomain epitope. Virology 2020; 550:51-60. [PMID: 32882637 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) contains a universally conserved epitope (NAe, NA222-230). However, no studies have reported vaccines targeting this NA conserved epitope and inducing antibodies recognizing NAe. The extracellular domain of M2 (M2e) is considered as an attractive target for a universal influenza vaccine. We generated recombinant influenza H1N1 viruses expressing conserved epitopes in hemagglutinin (HA) molecules: NAe (NAe-HA) or M2e (M2e-HA) within the HA head domain. Inactivated recombinant NAe-HA and M2e-HA viruses were more effective in inducing IgG antibodies specific for an inserted conserved epitope than live recombinant virus. Recombinant inactivated M2e-HA virus vaccination induced cross protection against H3N2 virus with less weight loss compared to NAe-HA and was more effective in inducing humoral and cellular M2e immune responses. This study provides insight into developing recombinant influenza virus vaccines compatible with current platforms to induce antibody responses to conserved poorly immunogenic epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bo Ryoung Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Judy Oh
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; CARESIDE Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Subbiah Jeeva
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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19
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Park YR, Lee YN, Lee DH, Baek YG, Si YJ, Meeduangchanh P, Theppangna W, Douangngeun B, Kye SJ, Lee MH, Park CK, Lee YJ. Genetic and pathogenic characteristics of clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry outbreaks in Laos during 2015-2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:947-955. [PMID: 31769586 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Since 2004, there have been multiple outbreaks of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses in Laos. Here, we isolated H5N1 HPAI viruses from poultry outbreaks in Laos during 2015-2018 and investigated their genetic characteristics and pathogenicity in chickens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to clade 2.3.2.1c and that they differed from previous Laos viruses with respect to genetic composition. In particular, the isolates were divided into two genotypes, each of which had a different NS segments. The results of possible migration analysis suggested a high likelihood that the Laos isolates were introduced from neighbouring countries, particularly Vietnam. The recent Laos isolate, A/Duck/Laos/NL-1504599/2018, had an intravenous pathogenicity index score of 3.0 and showed a 50% chicken lethal dose of 102.5 EID50 /0.1 ml, indicating high pathogenicity. The isolated viruses exhibited no critical substitution in the markers associated with mammalian adaptation, but possess markers related to neuraminidase inhibitor resistance. These results emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance of circulating influenza virus in South-East Asia, including Laos, to better prepare for and mitigate global spread of H5 HPAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ri Park
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yoon-Gi Baek
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Si
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Soo-Jeong Kye
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
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20
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Kwon JH, Bahl J, Swayne DE, Lee YN, Lee YJ, Song CS, Lee DH. Domestic ducks play a major role in the maintenance and spread of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in South Korea. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:844-851. [PMID: 31675474 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 spread from Eastern China to Korea in 2014 and caused outbreaks in domestic poultry until 2016. To understand how H5N8 HPAIVs spread at host species level in Korea during 2014-2016, a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was used for ancestral state reconstruction and estimation of the host transition dynamics between wild waterfowl, domestic ducks and chickens. Our data support that H5N8 HPAIV most likely transmitted from wild waterfowl to domestic ducks, and then maintained in domestic ducks followed by dispersal of HPAIV from domestic ducks to chickens, suggesting domestic duck population plays a central role in the maintenance, amplification and spread of wild HPAIV to terrestrial poultry in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Kwon
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Dept of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David E Swayne
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, the University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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21
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Lee K, Lee EK, Lee H, Heo GB, Lee YN, Jung JY, Bae YC, So B, Lee YJ, Choi EJ. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N6) in Domestic Cats, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:2343-2347. [PMID: 30457524 PMCID: PMC6256404 DOI: 10.3201/eid2412.180290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In December 2016, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) infection with systemic pathologic lesions was found in cats in South Korea. Genetic analyses indicated that the feline isolates were similar to HPAI H5N6 viruses isolated in chicken farms nearby. This finding highlights the need for monitoring of domestic mammals during HPAI outbreaks.
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22
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Kwon YM, Hwang HS, Lee YT, Kim KH, Lee Y, Kim MC, Lee YN, Quan FS, Moore ML, Kang SM. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein-encoding DNA Vaccine Is Less Effective in Conferring Protection against Inflammatory Disease than a Virus-like Particle Platform. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e18. [PMID: 31281715 PMCID: PMC6597443 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination causes vaccine-enhanced disease (VED) after RSV infection. It is considered that vaccine platforms enabling endogenous synthesis of RSV immunogens would induce favorable immune responses than non-replicating subunit vaccines in avoiding VED. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity, protection, and disease in mice after vaccination with RSV fusion protein (F) encoding plasmid DNA (F-DNA) or virus-like particles presenting RSV F (F-VLP). F-DNA vaccination induced CD8 T cells and RSV neutralizing Abs, whereas F-VLP elicited higher levels of IgG2a isotype and neutralizing Abs, and germinal center B cells, contributing to protection by controlling lung viral loads after RSV challenge. However, mice that were immunized with F-DNA displayed weight loss and pulmonary histopathology, and induced F specific CD8 T cell responses and recruitment of monocytes and plasmacytoid dendritic cells into the lungs. These innate immune parameters, RSV disease, and pulmonary histopathology were lower in mice that were immunized with F-VLP after challenge. This study provides important insight into developing effective and safe RSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Green Cross Cell Corp., Yongin 16924, Korea
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Komipharm Co., Ltd., Siheung 15094, Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | | | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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23
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Jung YJ, Lee YN, Kim KH, Lee Y, Lee J, Kim C, Kang SM. Recombinant live attenuated influenza virus expressing G protein fragment in a chimeric hemagglutinin molecule induces G-specific antibodies and confers protection against respiratory syncytial virus. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.139.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens associated with significant morbidity and mortality in infants and the elderly. Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is a licensed platform for vaccination in humans and known to induce broader immune responses locally and systemically. RSV G attachment proteins mediate virus binding to the target cells and contain a conserved central domain with neutralizing epitopes. Here, we generated recombinant LAIV based on the attenuated A/PR8/34 virus backbone, expressing a RSV G conserved domain in a chimeric hemagglutinin (HA) fusion molecule (HA-G). The attenuated phenotypes of chimeric HA-G LAIV were evident by restricted replication in the upper respiratory (nose) but not in the lower respiratory track lung tissues of the mice. Chimeric HA-G LAIV grew better at low temperature 33□. Prime and boost intranasal vaccination of mice with HA-G LAIV induced G-protein specific IgG and IgG2a (T helper type 1) isotype antibodies. Immunization of mice with chimeric HA-G LAIV showed significant increases in G-protein specific IgG and antibody-secreting cell responses in lung, bronchioalveolar fluid, bone marrow, and spleens after challenge. Vaccine-enhanced disease typically caused by inactivated-RSV vaccination was not observed in chimeric HA-G LAIV as analyzed by lung histopathology and infiltrating innate and adaptive immune cells after RSV challenge. Immunity of chimeric HA-G LAIV against influenza virus was not compromised. These results in this study suggest a novel approach of developing RSV vaccine candidates using LAIV, potentially dual vaccines conferring protection against both pathogens.
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24
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Kim MC, Kim KH, Lee JW, Lee YN, Choi HJ, Jung YJ, Kim YJ, Compans RW, Prausnitz MR, Kang SM. Co-Delivery of M2e Virus-Like Particles with Influenza Split Vaccine to the Skin Using Microneedles Enhances the Efficacy of Cross Protection. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040188. [PMID: 31003421 PMCID: PMC6523215 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a high priority to develop a simple and effective delivery method for a cross-protective influenza vaccine. We investigated skin immunization by microneedle (MN) patch with human influenza split vaccine and virus-like particles containing heterologous M2 extracellular (M2e) domains (M2e5x virus-like particles (VLP)) as a cross-protective influenza vaccine candidate. Co-delivery of influenza split vaccine and M2e5x VLP to the skin by MN patch was found to confer effective protection against heterosubtypic influenza virus by preventing weight loss and reducing lung viral loads. Compared to intramuscular immunization, MN-based delivery of combined split vaccine and M2e5x VLPs shaped cellular immune responses toward T helper type 1 responses increasing IgG2a isotype antibodies as well as IFN-γ producing cells in mucosal and systemic sites. This study provides evidence that potential immunological and logistic benefits of M2e5x VLP with human influenza split vaccine delivered by MN patch can be used to develop an easy-to-administer cross-protective influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
- Komipharm Co., Ltd., Siheung, Gyeonggi-do 15094, Korea.
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo 39660, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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25
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Lee YN, Lee S, Kim JS, Kumar Patra J, Shin HS. Chemical analysis techniques and investigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fruit, vegetables and meats and their products. Food Chem 2019; 277:156-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Werner L, Nunberg MY, Rechavi E, Lev A, Braun T, Haberman Y, Lahad A, Shteyer E, Schvimer M, Somech R, Weiss B, Lee YN, Shouval DS. Altered T cell receptor beta repertoire patterns in pediatric ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 196:1-11. [PMID: 30556140 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The antigenic specificity of T cells occurs via generation and rearrangement of different gene segments producing a functional T cell receptor (TCR). High-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows in-depth assessment of TCR repertoire patterns. There are limited data concerning whether TCR repertoires are altered in inflammatory bowel disease. We hypothesized that pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) patients possess unique TCR repertoires, resulting from clonotypical expansions in the gut. Paired blood and rectal samples were collected from nine newly diagnosed treatment-naive pediatric UC patients and four healthy controls. DNA was isolated to determine the TCR-β repertoire by HTS. Significant clonal expansion was demonstrated in UC patients, with inverse correlation between clinical disease severity and repertoire diversity in the gut. Using different repertoire variables in rectal biopsies, a clear segregation was observed between patients with severe UC, those with mild-moderate disease and healthy controls. Moreover, the overlap between autologous blood-rectal samples in UC patients was significantly higher compared with overlap among controls. Finally, we identified several clonotypes that were shared in either all or the majority of UC patients in the colon. Clonal expansion of TCR-β-expressing T cells among UC patients correlates with disease severity and highlights their involvement in mediating intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - M Y Nunberg
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Rechavi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - A Lev
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - T Braun
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Haberman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Lahad
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - E Shteyer
- Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Schvimer
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - R Somech
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - B Weiss
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y N Lee
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Department A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - D S Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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27
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Lee YN, Cheon SH, Kye SJ, Lee EK, Sagong M, Heo GB, Kang YM, Cho HK, Kim YJ, Kang HM, Lee MH, Lee YJ. Novel reassortants of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses possessing genetic heterogeneity in South Korea in late 2017. J Vet Sci 2019; 19:850-854. [PMID: 30173498 PMCID: PMC6265581 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2018.19.6.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were isolated from duck farms and migratory bird habitats in South Korea in November to December 2017. Genetic analysis demonstrated that at least two genotypes of H5N6 were generated through reassortment between clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 HPAIVs and Eurasian low pathogenic avian influenza virus in migratory birds in late 2017, suggesting frequent reassortment of clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs and highlighting the need for systematic surveillance in Eurasian breeding grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Sun-Ha Cheon
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Kye
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Mingeun Sagong
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Beom Heo
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yong-Myung Kang
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyu Cho
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yong-Joo Kim
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
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28
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Lee YT, Kim KH, Ko EJ, Kim MC, Lee YN, Hwang HS, Lee Y, Jung YJ, Kim YJ, Santos J, Perez DR, Kang SM. Enhancing the cross protective efficacy of live attenuated influenza virus vaccine by supplemented vaccination with M2 ectodomain virus-like particles. Virology 2019; 529:111-121. [PMID: 30685658 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines including live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) provide suboptimal protection against drift and potential pandemic strains. We hypothesized that supplementing LAIV with a highly conserved antigenic target M2 ectodomain (M2e) would confer cross-protection by inducing humoral and cellular immune responses to conserved antigenic targets. Intranasal vaccination with LAIV (A/Netherlands/602/09, H1N1) supplemented with tandem repeat M2e containing virus-like particles (M2e5x VLP) induced M2e- and virus-specific antibodies. Upon heterosubtypic virus challenge, M2e5x VLP-supplemented LAIV vaccination of mice induced significantly improved cross protection by preventing weight loss and lowering lung viral titers. Further mechanistic studies on heterosubtypic immunity suggest that T cell responses to M2e and nucleoprotein as well as systemic and mucosal antibodies to M2e and viruses might be contributing to cross protection. Therefore, this study demonstrates a novel vaccination strategy to improve the cross protective efficacy of LAIV by supplementing with a conserved M2e antigenic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Green Cross Cell Corp., Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16924, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Komipharm Co., Ltd., Siheung, Gyeonggi-do 15094, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jefferson Santos
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Daniel R Perez
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Lee YN, Cheon SH, Lee EK, Heo GB, Bae YC, Joh SJ, Lee MH, Lee YJ. Pathogenesis and genetic characteristics of novel reassortant low-pathogenic avian influenza H7 viruses isolated from migratory birds in the Republic of Korea in the winter of 2016-2017. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:182. [PMID: 30442892 PMCID: PMC6237977 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized H7 subtype low-pathogenicity (LP) influenza A viruses (IAVs) isolated from wild bird habitats in the Republic of Korea from 2010 to early 2017. Through national surveillance, 104 H7 IAVs were isolated, accounting for an average of 14.9% of annual IAV isolations. In early 2017, H7 subtypes accounted for an unusually high prevalence (43.6%) of IAV detections in wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the viruses isolated in the winter of 2016–2017 fell within cluster II of group C, belonging to the Eurasian lineage of H7 IAVs. Notably, cluster II of group C included the H7 gene from the highly pathogenic H7N7 IAV that was detected in northeastern Italy in April of 2016. Through a gene-constellation analysis, the H7 LPIAVs that we isolated constituted ≥11 distinct genotypes. Because the viruses belonging to the genotypes G2.1 and G1 were observed most frequently, we compared the replication and transmission of representative viruses to these genotypes in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Notably, the representative G2.1 strain was capable of systemic replication and efficient transmission in chickens (as evidenced by virus isolation and histopathological examination) without any clinical signs except mortality (in one infected chicken). The efficient subclinical viral replication and shedding of the G2.1 virus in chickens may facilitate its silent spread among poultry after introduction. Given that wild birds harbor novel strains that could affect poultry, our results highlight the need for enhanced IAV surveillance in both wild birds and poultry in Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ha Cheon
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Beom Heo
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Chan Bae
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Joh
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Lee YT, Ko EJ, Kim KH, Hwang HS, Lee Y, Kwon YM, Kim MC, Lee YN, Jung YJ, Kang SM. Cellular Immune Correlates Preventing Disease Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Vaccination with Virus-Like Nanoparticles Carrying Fusion Proteins. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2018; 13:84-98. [PMID: 29302248 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2017.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular immune correlates conferring protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) but preventing vaccine-enhanced respiratory disease largely remain unclear. We investigated cellular immune correlates that contribute to preventing disease against human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by nanoparticle vaccine delivery. Formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccines and virus-like nanoparticles carrying RSV fusion proteins (F VLP) were investigated in mice. The FI-RSV vaccination caused severe weight loss and histopathology by inducing interleukin (IL)-4+, interferon (IFN)-γ+, IL-4+IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells, eosinophils, and lung plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs), CD103+ DCs, and CD11b+ DCs. In contrast, the F VLP-immune mice induced protection against RSV without disease by inducing natural killer cells, activated IFN-γ+, and IFN-γ+ tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α+ CD8+ T cells in the lung and bronchiolar airways during RSV infection but not disease-inducing DCs and effector T cells. Clodronate-mediated depletion studies provided evidence that alveolar macrophages that were present at high levels in the F VLP-immune mice play a role in modulating protective cellular immune phenotypes. There was an intrinsic difference between the F VLP and FI-RSV treatments in stimulating proinflammatory cytokines. The F VLP nanoparticle vaccination induced distinct innate and adaptive cellular subsets that potentially prevented lung disease after RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido, 430-757, Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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31
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Lee YN, Lee EK, Song BM, Heo GB, Woo SH, Cheon SH, Lee YJ. Evaluation of the zoonotic potential of multiple subgroups of clade 2.3.4.4 influenza A (H5N8) virus. Virology 2018; 516:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Time is a multifaceted concept that is critical in our cognitive lives and can refer, among others, to the period that lapses between the initial encounter with a stimulus and its posterior recognition, as well as to the specific duration of a certain event. In the first part of this paper, we will review studies that explain the involvement of the temporal dimension in the processing of sensory information, in the form of a temporal delay that impacts the accuracy of information processing. We will review studies that investigate the time intervals required to encode, retain, and remember a stimulus across sensory modalities in preverbal infants. In the second part, we will review studies that examine preverbal infants’ ability to encode the duration and distinguish events. In particular, we will discuss recent studies that show how the ability to recognize the timing of events in infants and newborns parallels, and is related to, their ability to compute other quantitative dimensions, such as number and space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dolores de Hevia
- France
- 2Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, UMR 8242 CNRS, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- 3Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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33
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Kim YJ, Lee YT, Kim MC, Lee YN, Kim KH, Ko EJ, Song JM, Kang SM. Cross-Protective Efficacy of Influenza Virus M2e Containing Virus-Like Particles Is Superior to Hemagglutinin Vaccines and Variable Depending on the Genetic Backgrounds of Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1730. [PMID: 29276514 PMCID: PMC5727122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus M2 extracellular domain (M2e) has been a target for developing cross-protective vaccines. However, the efficacy and immune correlates of M2e vaccination are poorly understood in the different host genetic backgrounds in comparison with influenza vaccines. We previously reported the cross-protective efficacy of virus-like particle (M2e5x VLP) vaccines containing heterologous tandem M2e repeats (M2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian influenza viruses. In this study to gain better understanding of cross-protective influenza vaccines, we compared immunogenicity and efficacy of M2e5x VLP, H5 hemagglutinin VLP (HA VLP), and inactivated H3N2 virus (H3N2i) in wild-type strains of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, and CD4 and CD8 knockout (KO) mice. M2e5x VLP was superior to HA VLP in conferring cross-protection whereas H3N2i inactivated virus vaccine provided high efficacy of homologous protection. After M2e5x VLP vaccination and challenge, BALB/c mice induced higher IgG responses, lower lung viral loads, and less body weight loss when compared with those in C57BL/6 mice. M2e5x VLP but not H3N2i immune mice after primary challenges developed strong immunity against a secondary heterosubtypic virus as a model of future pandemics. M2e5x VLP and HA VLP vaccines were able to raise IgG isotypes in CD4 KO mice. T cells were found to contribute to cross-protection by playing a role in reducing lung viral loads. In conclusion, M2e5x VLP vaccination induced better cross-protection than HA VLP, and its efficacy varied depending on the genetic backgrounds of mice, supporting the important roles of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jae-Min Song
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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34
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Kim MC, Lee YN, Kim YJ, Choi HJ, Kim KH, Lee YJ, Kang SM. Immunogenicity and efficacy of replication-competent recombinant influenza virus carrying multimeric M2 extracellular domains in a chimeric hemagglutinin conjugate. Antiviral Res 2017; 148:43-52. [PMID: 29107058 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines provide hemagglutinin (HA) strain-specific protection. To improve cross protection, we engineered replication-competent influenza A virus to express tandem repeats of heterologous M2 extracellular (M2e) domains in a chimeric HA. M2e epitopes conjugated to HA glycoproteins (M2e4x-HA) were found to be expressed on the surfaces of a replicable influenza virus as examined by electron microscopy. The recombinant influenza virus containing M2e4x-HA was moderately attenuated but superior to the parental virus in inducing M2e specific antibodies without compromising HA immunogenicity. Recombinant influenza virus immune mice showed better cross protection than parental virus immune mice. Immune sera from the mice with inoculation of live recombinant influenza virus expressing M2e4x-HA were effective in conferring protection against H1, H3, and H5 subtype influenza viruses. This study indicates that recombinant influenza virus expressing conserved protective epitopes in an HA chimeric form can provide a new approach for improving the efficacy of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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35
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Kim YJ, Ko EJ, Kim MC, Lee YN, Kim KH, Jung YJ, Kang SM. Roles of antibodies to influenza A virus hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and M2e in conferring cross protection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:393-398. [PMID: 28887040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although neuraminidase (NA) is the second major viral glycoprotein of influenza virus, its immune mechanism as a vaccine target has been less considered. Here we compared the properties of antibodies and the efficacy of cross protection by N1 and N2 NA proteins, inactivated split influenza vaccines (split), and tandem repeat extracellular domain M2 on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLP). Anti-NA immune sera could confer better cross-protection against multiple heterologous influenza viruses correlating with NA inhibition activity compared to split vaccine immune sera. Whereas split vaccine was superior to NA in conferring homologous protection. NA and M2e immune sera each showed comparable survival protection. Protective efficacy by NA immune sera was lower in Fc receptor common γ-chain deficient mice but comparable in C3 complement deficient mice compared to that in wild type mice, suggesting a role of Fc receptor in NA immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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36
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Song BM, Lee EK, Lee YN, Heo GB, Lee HS, Lee YJ. Phylogeographical characterization of H5N8 viruses isolated from poultry and wild birds during 2014-2016 in South Korea. J Vet Sci 2017; 18:89-94. [PMID: 28316230 PMCID: PMC5366307 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During 2014–2016 HPAI outbreak in South Korea, H5N8 viruses have been mostly isolated in western areas of the country, which provide wintering habitats for wild birds and have a high density of poultry. Analysis of a total of 101 Korean isolates revealed that primitive H5N8 viruses (C0 group) have evolved into multiple genetic subgroups appearing from various epidemiological sources, namely, the viruses circulating in poultry farms (C1 and C5) and those reintroduced by migratory birds in late 2014 (C2 and C4). No C3 groups were detected. The results may explain the possible reasons of the recent long-term persistence of H5N8 viruses in South Korea, and help to develop the effective measures in controlling HPAI viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Min Song
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Beom Heo
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Lee
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
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Kim H, Lee YN, Jo EM, Lee EY. Reliability and Validity of Culturally Adapted Executive Function Performance Test for Koreans with Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:1033-1040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Lee EK, Kang HM, Song BM, Lee YN, Heo GB, Lee HS, Lee YJ, Kim JH. Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in South Korea between 2012 and 2014. Virol J 2017; 14:54. [PMID: 28292308 PMCID: PMC5351195 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background National surveillance of avian influenza virus (AIV) in South Korea has been annually conducted for the early detection of AIV and responses to the introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus. In this study, we report on a nationwide surveillance study of AIV in domestic poultry and wild birds in South Korea between 2012 and 2014. Methods During the surveillance programs between 2012 and 2014, 141,560 samples were collected. Of these, 102,199 were from poultry farms, 8215 were from LBMs, and 31,146 were from wild bird habitats. The virus isolation was performed by inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs and AIV isolates were detected using hemagglutination assay. For subtying of AIV, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes were confirmed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the H5 subtypes was performed using 28 H5 AIV isolates. Results Between 2012 and 2014, a total of 819 AIV were isolated from 141,560 samples. Virus isolation rates for AIV were 0.6, 0.4, 0.1, and 2.7% in wild birds (n = 202), domestic ducks (n = 387), minor poultry (n = 11), and the live bird market (LBM) (n = 219), respectively. In wild birds, various subtypes were found including H1–H7 and H9–H13. The major subtypes were H5 (n = 48, 23.9%: N3 (n = 4) and N8 (n = 44)), H4 (n = 39, 19.4%), and H1 (n = 29, 14.4%). In domestic poultry, mainly ducks, the H5N8 (n = 275, 59.3%), H3 (n = 30, 17.2%), and H6 (n = 53, 11.4%) subtypes were predominantly found. The most frequently detected subtypes in LBM, primarily Korean native chicken, were H9 (n = 169, 77.2%). H3 (n = 10, 4%) and H6 (n = 30, 13.7%) were also isolated in LBM. Overall, the prevalence of AIV was found to be higher between winter and spring and in western parts of South Korea. The unusual high prevalence of the H5 subtype of AIV was due to the large scale outbreak of H5N8 HPAI in wild birds and domestic poultry in 2014. Conclusions Enhanced surveillance and application of effective control measures in wild birds and domestic poultry, including LBM, should be implemented to control AI and eradicate HPAI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0711-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Min Song
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Beum Heo
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Lee EK, Song BM, Lee YN, Heo GB, Bae YC, Joh SJ, Park SC, Choi KS, Lee HJ, Jang I, Kang MS, Jeong OM, Choi BK, Lee SM, Jeong SC, Park BK, Lee HS, Lee YJ. Multiple novel H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses, South Korea, 2016. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 51:21-23. [PMID: 28284997 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report the identification of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtype H5N6, clade 2.3.4.4, that presumably originated from China. In addition, reassortant strains with Eurasian lineage low pathogenic avian influenza viruses were isolated in wild birds and poultry in South Korea. The emergence of these novel H5N6 viruses and their circulation among bird populations are of great concern because of the potential for virus dissemination with intercontinental wild bird migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Min Song
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Beom Heo
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Chan Bae
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Joon Joh
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Chan Park
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jang
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Su Kang
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Mi Jeong
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kook Choi
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Man Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chan Jeong
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Kyun Park
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Ko EJ, Lee YT, Kim KH, Lee Y, Jung YJ, Kim MC, Lee YN, Kang T, Kang SM. Roles of Aluminum Hydroxide and Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvants in Overcoming CD4+ T Cell Deficiency To Induce Isotype-Switched IgG Antibody Responses and Protection by T-Dependent Influenza Vaccine. J Immunol 2016; 198:279-291. [PMID: 27881702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvant effects in the CD4-deficient condition largely remain unknown. We investigated the roles of combined monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and aluminum hydroxide (Alum) adjuvant (MPL+Alum) in inducing immunity after immunization of CD4 knockout (CD4KO) and wild-type (WT) mice with T-dependent influenza vaccine. MPL+Alum adjuvant mediated IgG isotype-switched Abs, IgG-secreting cell responses, and protection in CD4KO mice, which were comparable to those in WT mice. In contrast, Alum adjuvant effects were dependent on CD4+ T cells. MPL+Alum adjuvant was effective in recruiting monocytes and neutrophils as well as in protecting macrophages from Alum-mediated cell loss at the injection site in CD4KO mice. MPL+Alum appeared to attenuate MPL-induced inflammatory responses in WT mice, likely improving the safety. Additional studies in CD4-depleted WT mice and MHC class II KO mice suggest that MHC class II+ APCs contribute to providing alternative B cell help in the CD4-deficient condition in the context of MPL+Alum-adjuvanted vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and.,Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeuk Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
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Hwang HS, Lee YT, Kim KH, Park S, Kwon YM, Lee Y, Ko EJ, Jung YJ, Lee JS, Kim YJ, Lee YN, Kim MC, Cho M, Kang SM. Combined virus-like particle and fusion protein-encoding DNA vaccination of cotton rats induces protection against respiratory syncytial virus without causing vaccine-enhanced disease. Virology 2016; 494:215-24. [PMID: 27123586 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A safe and effective vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) should confer protection without causing vaccine-enhanced disease. Here, using a cotton rat model, we investigated the protective efficacy and safety of an RSV combination vaccine composed of F-encoding plasmid DNA and virus-like particles containing RSV fusion (F) and attachment (G) glycoproteins (FFG-VLP). Cotton rats with FFG-VLP vaccination controlled lung viral replication below the detection limit, and effectively induced neutralizing activity and antibody-secreting cell responses. In comparison with formalin inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) causing severe RSV disease after challenge, FFG-VLP vaccination did not cause weight loss, airway hyper-responsiveness, IL-4 cytokines, histopathology, and infiltrates of proinflammatory cells such as eosinophils. FFG-VLP was even more effective in preventing RSV-induced pulmonary inflammation than live RSV infections. This study provides evidence that FFG-VLP can be developed into a safe and effective RSV vaccine candidate.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Immunization
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Rats
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/pathology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/adverse effects
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/immunology
- Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology
- Sigmodontinae
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/adverse effects
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Soojin Park
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeonggi-do, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeonggi-do, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Cho
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Lee YN, Lee YT, Kim MC, Gewirtz AT, Kang SM. A Novel Vaccination Strategy Mediating the Induction of Lung-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Confers Heterosubtypic Immunity against Future Pandemic Influenza Virus. J Immunol 2016; 196:2637-45. [PMID: 26864033 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The currently used vaccine strategy to combat influenza A virus (IAV) aims to provide highly specific immunity to circulating seasonal IAV strains. However, the outbreak of 2009 influenza pandemic highlights the danger in this strategy. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that universal vaccination that offers broader but weaker protection would result in cross protective T cell responses after primary IAV infection, which would subsequently provide protective immunity against future pandemic strains. Specifically, we used tandem repeat extracellular domain of M2 (M2e) epitopes on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLP) that induced heterosubtypic immunity by eliciting Abs to a conserved M2e epitope. M2e5x VLP was found to be superior to strain-specific current split vaccine in conferring heterosubtypic cross protection and in equipping the host with cross-protective lung-resident nucleoprotein-specific memory CD8(+) T cell responses to a subsequent secondary infection with a new pandemic potential strain. Immune correlates for subsequent heterosubtypic immunity by M2e5x VLP vaccination were found to be virus-specific CD8(+) T cells secreting IFN-γ and expressing lung-resident memory phenotypic markers CD69(+) and CD103(+) as well as M2e Abs. Hence, vaccination with M2e5x VLP may be developable as a new strategy to combat future pandemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 14089, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303; and
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Song BM, Kang HM, Lee EK, Jung SC, Kim MC, Lee YN, Kang SM, Lee YJ. Supplemented vaccination with tandem repeat M2e virus-like particles enhances protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses in chickens. Vaccine 2015; 34:678-686. [PMID: 26691568 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses derived from A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 have been continuously circulating globally, severely affecting the public health and poultry industries. The matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) is considered a promising candidate for a universal cross-protective influenza vaccine that provides more effective control over HPAI H5 viruses harboring variant hemagglutinin (HA)-antigens. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e presented on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) either alone or as a supplement against HPAI H5 viruses in a chicken model. Chickens immunized with M2e5x VLPs alone induced M2e-specific antibodies but were not protected against HPAI H5. The homo- and cross-protective efficacy of M2e5x VLP-supplemented vaccination of chickens was also examined. Importantly, supplementation with M2e5x VLPs induced significantly higher levels of antibodies specific for M2e and different viruses as well as provided improved protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses. Considering the limited efficacy of inactivated vaccines, supplement vaccination with M2e5x VLPs may be an effective measure for preventing outbreaks of HPAI viruses that have the ability to constantly change their antigenic properties in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Min Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Chan Jung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi 430-757, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea.
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Lee YN, Hwang HS, Kim MC, Lee YT, Kim YJ, Lee FEH, Kang SM. Protection against respiratory syncytial virus by inactivated influenza virus carrying a fusion protein neutralizing epitope in a chimeric hemagglutinin. Nanomedicine 2015; 12:759-770. [PMID: 26656630 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A desirable vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) should induce neutralizing antibodies without eliciting abnormal T cell responses to avoid vaccine-enhanced pathology. In an approach to deliver RSV neutralizing epitopes without RSV-specific T cell antigens, we genetically engineered chimeric influenza virus expressing RSV F262-276 neutralizing epitopes in the globular head domain as a chimeric hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Immunization of mice with formalin-inactivated recombinant chimeric influenza/RSV F262-276 was able to induce RSV protective neutralizing antibodies and lower lung viral loads after challenge. Formalin-inactivated RSV immune mice showed high levels of pulmonary inflammatory cytokines, macrophages, IL-4-producing T cells, and extensive histopathology. However, RSV-specific T cell responses and enhancement of pulmonary histopathology were not observed after RSV infection of inactivated chimeric influenza/RSV F262-276. This study provides evidence that an inactivated vaccine platform of chimeric influenza/RSV virus can be developed into a safe RSV vaccine candidate without priming RSV-specific T cells and immunopathology. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory tract illness and morbidity in children. Hence, there is a need to develop an effective vaccine against this virus. In this article, the authors engineered chimeric influenza virus to express RSV neutralizing epitopes. The positive findings in in-vivo experiments provide a beginning for future clinical trials and perhaps eventual product realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Lee YN, Kim MC, Lee YT, Kim YJ, Kang SM. Mechanisms of Cross-protection by Influenza Virus M2-based Vaccines. Immune Netw 2015; 15:213-21. [PMID: 26557805 PMCID: PMC4637342 DOI: 10.4110/in.2015.15.5.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current influenza virus vaccines are based on strain-specific surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) antigens and effective only when the predicted vaccine strains and circulating viruses are well-matched. The current strategy of influenza vaccination does not prevent the pandemic outbreaks and protection efficacy is reduced or ineffective if mutant strains emerge. It is of high priority to develop effective vaccines and vaccination strategies conferring a broad range of cross protection. The extracellular domain of M2 (M2e) is highly conserved among human influenza A viruses and has been utilized to develop new vaccines inducing cross protection against different subtypes of influenza A virus. However, immune mechanisms of cross protection by M2e-based vaccines still remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we review immune correlates and mechanisms conferring cross protection by M2e-based vaccines. Molecular and cellular immune components that are known to be involved in M2 immune-mediated protection include antibodies, B cells, T cells, alveolar macrophages, Fc receptors, complements, and natural killer cells. Better understanding of protective mechanisms by immune responses induced by M2e vaccination will help facilitate development of broadly cross protective vaccines against influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA. ; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang 14089, Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Lee YN, Kim MC, Lee YT, Hwang HS, Lee J, Kim C, Kang SM. Cross Protection against Influenza A Virus by Yeast-Expressed Heterologous Tandem Repeat M2 Extracellular Proteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137822. [PMID: 26366729 PMCID: PMC4569442 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) is well conserved across human influenza A subtypes, but there are few residue changes among avian and swine origin influenza A viruses. We expressed a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e sequences (M2e5x) derived from human, swine, and avian origin influenza A viruses using the yeast expression system. Intramuscular immunization of mice with AS04-adjuvanted M2e5x protein vaccines was effective in inducing M2e-specific antibodies reactive to M2e peptide and native M2 proteins on the infected cells with human, swine, or avian influenza virus, mucosal and systemic memory cellular immune responses, and cross-protection against H3N2 virus. Importantly, M2e5x immune sera were found to confer protection against different subtypes of H1N1 and H5N1 influenza A viruses in naïve mice. Also, M2e5x-immune complexes of virus-infected cells stimulated macrophages to secrete cytokines via Fc receptors, indicating a possible mechanism of protection. The present study provides evidence that M2e5x proteins produced in yeast cells could be developed as a potential universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States of America
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States of America
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States of America
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States of America
| | - Jongsang Lee
- BEAMS Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Cheol Kim
- BEAMS Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee YN, Kim MC, Lee YT, Kim YJ, Lee J, Kim C, Ha SH, Kang SM. Co-immunization with tandem repeat heterologous M2 extracellular proteins overcomes strain-specific protection of split vaccine against influenza A virus. Antiviral Res 2015; 122:82-90. [PMID: 26248203 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines are less efficacious against antigenically different influenza A viruses. This study presents an approach to overcome strain-specific protection, using a strategy of co-immunization with seasonal H3N2 split vaccine and yeast-expressed soluble proteins of a tandem repeat containing heterologous influenza M2 ectodomains (M2e5x). Co-immunization with both vaccines in mice was superior to either vaccine alone in inducing cross protection against heterologous H3N2 virus by raising M2e-specific humoral and cellular immune responses toward a T-helper type 1 profile inducing IgG2a isotype antibodies as well as interferon-γ-producing cells in systemic and mucosal sites. In addition, co-immunization sera were found to confer cross-protection against different subtypes of H1N1 and H5N1 influenza A viruses in naïve mice. A mechanistic study provides evidence that activation of dendritic cells by co-stimulation with M2e5x and split vaccine was associated with the proliferation of CD4(+) T cells. Our results suggest that a strategy of co-immunization with seasonal split and M2e5x protein vaccines could be a promising approach for overcoming the limitation of strain-specific protection by current influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do 430-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jongsang Lee
- BEAMS Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Kim
- BEAMS Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Hoon Ha
- Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Lee YT, Kim KH, Hwang HS, Lee Y, Kwon YM, Ko EJ, Jung YJ, Lee YN, Kim MC, Kang SM. Innate and adaptive cellular phenotypes contributing to pulmonary disease in mice after respiratory syncytial virus immunization and infection. Virology 2015. [PMID: 26196232 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major leading cause of infantile viral bronchiolitis. However, cellular phenotypes contributing to the RSV protection and vaccine-enhanced disease remain largely unknown. Upon RSV challenge, we analyzed phenotypes and cellularity in the lung of mice that were naïve, immunized with formalin inactivated RSV (FI-RSV), or re-infected with RSV. In comparison with naïve and live RSV re-infected mice, the high levels of eosinophils, neutrophils, plasmacytoid and CD11b(+) dendritic cells, and IL-4(+) CD4(+) T cells were found to be contributing to pulmonary inflammation in FI-RSV immune mice despite lung viral clearance. Alveolar macrophages appeared to play differential roles in protection and inflammation upon RSV infection of different RSV immune mice. These results suggest that multiple innate and adaptive immune components differentially contribute to RSV disease and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Tae Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Youri Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 175 Anyangro, Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-757, Korea
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Lee YT, Kim MC, Ko EJ, Lee YN, Kim KH, Kwon YM, Hwang HS, Lee Y, Jung YJ, Kang S. Novel vaccination of supplementing live attenuated influenza vaccine with M2 ectodomain tandem repeat to confer universal protection (VAC8P.1051). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.144.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines including live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) do not provide cross-protection against drift and potential pandemic strains. We hypothesized that supplementing LAIV with a highly conserved protective antigenic target M2 ectodomain (M2e) would confer broad cross-protection by inducing humoral and cellular immune responses to conserved antigenic targets (M2e, NP), overcoming strain-specific protection of current vaccines. Intranasal vaccination with LAIV (A/NL/09/H1N1) supplemented with tandem repeat M2e containing virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) induced M2- and H1N1 virus-specific antibodies. Upon heterosubtypic challenge with pandemic potential rgA/H5N1 virus, we found that M2e5x VLP supplemented LAIV immune mice showed significantly improved heterosubtypic protection by preventing weight loss and lowering lung viral titers compared to the LAIV alone group inducing poor heterosubtypic immunity. Further mechanistic studies on heterosubtypic immunity suggest that recall T cell responses to M2e and nucleoprotein as well as systemic and mucosal M2e antibodies were found to be major heterosubtypic immune correlates. Therefore, this study demonstrates a novel vaccination strategy to confer universal protection by supplementing current strain-specific vaccines with a highly conserved cross protective antigenic target M2e5x VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-tae Lee
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
| | - Youri Lee
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
| | - Sang Kang
- 1Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA
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Patel JM, Kim MC, Vartabedian VF, Lee YN, He S, Song JM, Choi HJ, Yamanaka S, Amaram N, Lukacher A, Montemagno CD, Compans RW, Kang SM, Selvaraj P. Protein transfer-mediated surface engineering to adjuvantate virus-like nanoparticles for enhanced anti-viral immune responses. Nanomedicine 2015; 11:1097-107. [PMID: 25752855 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recombinant virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) are a promising nanoparticle platform to develop safe vaccines for many viruses. Herein, we describe a novel and rapid protein transfer process to enhance the potency of enveloped VLPs by decorating influenza VLPs with exogenously added glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored immunostimulatory molecules (GPI-ISMs). With protein transfer, the level of GPI-ISM incorporation onto VLPs is controllable by varying incubation time and concentration of GPI-ISMs added. ISM incorporation was dependent upon the presence of a GPI-anchor and incorporated proteins were stable and functional for at least 4weeks when stored at 4°C. Vaccinating mice with GPI-granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-incorporated-VLPs induced stronger antibody responses and better protection against a heterologous influenza virus challenge than unmodified VLPs. Thus, VLPs can be enriched with ISMs by protein transfer to increase the potency and breadth of the immune response, which has implications in developing effective nanoparticle-based vaccines against a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The inherent problem with current influenza vaccines is that they do not generate effective cross-protection against heterologous viral strains. In this article, the authors described the development of virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) as influenza vaccines with enhanced efficacy for cross-protection, due to an easy protein transfer modification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaina M Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Vincent F Vartabedian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jae-Min Song
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Satoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nikhil Amaram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Lukacher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carlo D Montemagno
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Periasamy Selvaraj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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