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Liu Y, Ye L, Lin F, Gomaa Y, Flyer D, Carrion R, Patterson JL, Prausnitz MR, Smith G, Glenn G, Wu H, Compans RW, Yang C. Author Correction: Intradermal immunization by Ebola virus GP subunit vaccines using microneedle patches protects mice against lethal EBOV challenge. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13705. [PMID: 37608003 PMCID: PMC10444834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, 130112, P. R. China
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ling Ye
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Central Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital at the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, 710038, China
| | - Yasmine Gomaa
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Khartoum Square, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - David Flyer
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Gregory Glenn
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, 130112, P. R. China
| | - Richard W Compans
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Menne Z, Pliasas VC, Compans RW, Glover S, Kyriakis CS, Skountzou I. Bivalent vaccination with NA1 and NA2 neuraminidase virus-like particles is protective against challenge with H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses in a murine model. Virology 2021; 562:197-208. [PMID: 34375782 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) is the second most abundant glycoprotein on the surface of influenza A viruses (IAV). Neuraminidase type 1 (NA1) based virus-like particles (VLPs) have previously been shown to protect against challenge with H1N1 and H3N2 IAV. In this study, we produced neuraminidase type 2 (NA2) VLPs derived from the sequence of the seasonal IAV A/Perth/16/2009. Intramuscular vaccination of mice with NA2 VLPs induced high anti-NA serum IgG levels capable of inhibiting NA activity. NA2 VLP vaccination protected against mortality in a lethal A/Hong Kong/1/1968 (H3N2) virus challenge model, but not against lethal challenge with A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) virus. However, bivalent vaccination with NA1 and NA2 VLPs demonstrated no antigenic competition in anti-NA IgG responses and protected against lethal challenge with H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. Here we demonstrate that vaccination with NA VLPs is protective against influenza challenge and supports focusing on anti-NA responses in the development of future vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Menne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vasilis C Pliasas
- Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sheniqua Glover
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Constantinos S Kyriakis
- Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA Center, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Centers for Excellence in Influenza Research and Surveillance, Emory-UGA Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Dong C, Wang Y, Gonzalez GX, Ma Y, Song Y, Wang S, Kang SM, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Intranasal vaccination with influenza HA/GO-PEI nanoparticles provides immune protection against homo- and heterologous strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024998118. [PMID: 33941704 PMCID: PMC8126854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024998118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal (i.n.) immunization is a promising vaccination route for infectious respiratory diseases such as influenza. Recombinant protein vaccines can overcome the safety concerns and long production phase of virus-based influenza vaccines. However, soluble protein vaccines are poorly immunogenic if administered by an i.n. route. Here, we report that polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles (GP nanoparticles) showed high antigen-loading capacities and superior immunoenhancing properties. Via a facile electrostatic adsorption approach, influenza hemagglutinin (HA) was incorporated into GP nanoparticles and maintained structural integrity and antigenicity. The resulting GP nanoparticles enhanced antigen internalization and promoted inflammatory cytokine production and JAWS II dendritic cell maturation. Compared with soluble HA, GP nanoparticle formulations induced significantly enhanced and cross-reactive immune responses at both systemic sites and mucosal surfaces in mice after i.n. immunization. In the absence of any additional adjuvant, the GP nanoparticle significantly boosted antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, comparable to the acknowledged potent mucosal immunomodulator CpG. The robust immune responses conferred immune protection against challenges by homologous and heterologous viruses. Additionally, the solid self-adjuvant effect of GP nanoparticles may mask the role of CpG when coincorporated. In the absence of currently approved mucosal adjuvants, GP nanoparticles can be developed into potent i.n. influenza vaccines, providing broad protection. With versatility and flexibility, the GP nanoplatform can be easily adapted for constructing mucosal vaccines for different respiratory pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Female
- Graphite/chemistry
- Graphite/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
- Immunity, Mucosal/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/physiology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanoparticles/administration & dosage
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/chemistry
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Polyethyleneimine/chemistry
- Vaccination/methods
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Dong
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Ye Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Gilbert X Gonzalez
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Yao Ma
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Yufeng Song
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302;
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Vassilieva EV, Li S, Korniychuk H, Taylor DM, Wang S, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW. cGAMP/Saponin Adjuvant Combination Improves Protective Response to Influenza Vaccination by Microneedle Patch in an Aged Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2021; 11:583251. [PMID: 33603732 PMCID: PMC7884748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current strategies for improving protective response to influenza vaccines during immunosenescence do not adequately protect individuals over 65 years of age. Here, we used an aged mouse model to investigate the potential of co-delivery of influenza vaccine with the recently identified combination of a saponin adjuvant Quil-A and an activator of the STING pathway, 2’3 cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) via dissolving microneedle patches (MNPs) applied to skin. We demonstrate that synergy between the two adjuvant components is observed after their incorporation with H1N1 vaccine into MNPs as revealed by analysis of the immune responses in adult mice. Aged 21-month-old mice were found to be completely protected against live influenza challenge after vaccination with the MNPs adjuvanted with the Quil-A/cGAMP combination (5 µg each) and demonstrated significantly reduced morbidity compared to the observed responses in these mice vaccinated with unadjuvanted MNPs. Analysis of the lung lysates of the surviving aged mice post challenge revealed the lowest level of residual inflammation in the adjuvanted groups. We conclude that combining influenza vaccine with a STING pathway activator and saponin-based adjuvant in MNPs is a novel option for skin vaccination of the immunosenescent population, which is at high risk for influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Song Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Heorhiy Korniychuk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dahnide M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Kyung Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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6
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Beaver JT, Mills LK, Swieboda D, Lelutiu N, Esser ES, Antao OQ, Scountzou E, Williams DT, Papaioannou N, Littauer EQ, Romanyuk A, Compans RW, Prausnitz MR, Skountzou I. Cutaneous vaccination ameliorates Zika virus-induced neuro-ocular pathology via reduction of anti-ganglioside antibodies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2072-2091. [PMID: 32758106 PMCID: PMC7553697 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1775460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes moderate to severe neuro-ocular sequelae, with symptoms ranging from conjunctivitis to Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Despite the international threat ZIKV poses, no licensed vaccine exists. As ZIKV and DENV are closely related, antibodies against one virus have demonstrated the ability to enhance the other. To examine if vaccination can confer robust, long-term protection against ZIKV, preventing neuro-ocular pathology and long-term inflammation in immune-privileged compartments, BALB/c mice received two doses of unadjuvanted inactivated whole ZIKV vaccine (ZVIP) intramuscularly (IM) or cutaneously with dissolving microneedle patches (MNP). MNP immunization induced significantly higher B and T cell responses compared to IM vaccination, resulting in increased antibody titers with greater avidity for ZPIV as well as increased numbers of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL- and IL-4 secreting T cells. When compared to IM vaccination, antibodies generated by cutaneous vaccination demonstrated greater neutralization activity, increased cross-reactivity with Asian and African lineage ZIKV strains (PRVABC59, FLR, and MR766) and Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, limited ADE, and lower reactivity to GBS-associated gangliosides. MNP vaccination effectively controlled viremia and inflammation, preventing neuro-ocular pathology. Conversely, IM vaccination exacerbated ocular pathology, resulting in uncontrolled, long-term inflammation. Importantly, neuro-ocular pathology correlated with anti-ganglioside antibodies implicated in demyelination and GBS. This study highlights the importance of longevity studies in ZIKV immunization, and the need of exploring alternative vaccination platforms to improve the quality of vaccine-induced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Beaver
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa K Mills
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Dominika Swieboda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadia Lelutiu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edward S Esser
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olivia Q Antao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Dahnide T Williams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Papaioannou
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Pathologic Anatomy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Elizabeth Q Littauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrey Romanyuk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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Liu Y, Wen Z, Carrion R, Nunneley J, Staples H, Ticer A, Patterson JL, Compans RW, Ye L, Yang C. Intradermal Immunization of EBOV VLPs in Guinea Pigs Induces Broader Antibody Responses Against GP Than Intramuscular Injection. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:304. [PMID: 32174901 PMCID: PMC7056717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus (EBOV) infection in humans causes severe hemorrhagic fevers with high mortality rates that range from 30 to 80% as shown in different outbreaks. Thus the development of safe and efficacious EBOV vaccines remains an important goal for biomedical research. We have shown in early studies that immunization with insect cell-produced EBOV virus-like particles (VLPs) is able to induce protect vaccinated mice against lethal EBOV challenge. In the present study, we investigated immune responses induced by Ebola VLPs via two different routes, intramuscular and intradermal immunizations, in guinea pigs. Analyses of antibody responses revealed that similar levels of total IgG antibodies against the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) were induced by the two different immunization methods. However, further characterization showed that the EBOV GP-specific antibodies induced by intramuscular immunization were mainly of the IgG2 subtype whereas both IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies against EBOV GP were induced by intradermal immunization. In contrast, antibody responses against the EBOV matrix protein VP40 induced by intramuscular or intradermal immunizations exhibited similar IgG1 and IgG2 profiles. More interestingly, we found that the sites that the IgG1 antibodies induced by intradermal immunizations bind to in GP are different from those that bind to the IgG2 antibodies induced by intramuscular immunization. Further analyses revealed that sera from all vaccinated guinea pigs exhibited neutralizing activity against Ebola GP-mediated HIV pseudovirion infection at high levels. Moreover, all EBOV VLP-vaccinated guinea pigs survived the challenge by a high dose (1000 pfu) of guinea pig-adapted EBOV, while all control guinea pigs immunized with irrelevant VLPs succumbed to the challenge. The induction of both IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses that recognized broader sites in GP by intradermal immunization of EBOV VLPs indicates that this approach may represent a more advantageous route of vaccination against virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Institute of Health Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, China
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jerritt Nunneley
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Hilary Staples
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anysha Ticer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Richard W. Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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8
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Vassilieva EV, Taylor DW, Compans RW. Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:3006. [PMID: 31921219 PMCID: PMC6935580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve protective responses to influenza vaccination in the elderly population, which is at especially high risk for adverse outcomes from influenza infection. Currently available inactivated vaccines provide limited protection, even when a 4-fold higher dose of the vaccine is administered. Adjuvants are often added to vaccines to boost protective efficacy. Here we describe a novel combination of an activator of the STING pathway, 2′,3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) with a saponin adjuvant, that we found to be highly effective in boosting protective immunity from vaccination in an aged mouse model. Using this combination with a subunit influenza vaccine, we observed that survival of vaccinated 20 month-old mice after lethal challenge increased from 0 to 20% with unadjuvanted vaccine to 80–100%, depending on the vaccination route. Compared to unadjuvanted vaccine, the levels of vaccine-specific IgG and IgG2a increased by almost two orders of magnitude as early as 2 weeks after a single immunization with the adjuvanted formulation. By analyzing phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in cell culture, we provide evidence that the saponin component increases access of exogenous cGAMP to the intracellular STING pathway. Our findings suggest that combining a STING activator with a saponin-based adjuvant increases the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in aged hosts, without having to increase dose or perform additional vaccinations. This study reports a novel adjuvant combination that (a) is more effective than current methods of boosting vaccine efficacy, (b) can be used to enhance efficacy of licensed influenza vaccines, and (c) results in effective protection using a single vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dahnide W Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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9
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Liu Y, Ye L, Lin F, Gomaa Y, Flyer D, Carrion R, Patterson JL, Prausnitz MR, Smith G, Glenn G, Wu H, Compans RW, Yang C. Intradermal Vaccination With Adjuvanted Ebola Virus Soluble Glycoprotein Subunit Vaccine by Microneedle Patches Protects Mice Against Lethal Ebola Virus Challenge. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S545-S552. [PMID: 29893888 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated immune responses induced by purified Ebola virus (EBOV) soluble glycoprotein (sGP) subunit vaccines via intradermal immunization with microneedle (MN) patches in comparison with intramuscular (IM) injection in mice. Our results showed that MN delivery of EBOV sGP was superior to IM injection in eliciting higher levels and longer lasting antibody responses against EBOV sGP and GP antigens. Moreover, sGP-specific immune responses induced by MN or IM immunizations were effectively augmented by formulating sGP with a saponin-based adjuvant, and they were shown to confer complete protection of mice against lethal mouse-adapted EBOV (MA-EBOV) challenge. In comparison, mice that received sGP without adjuvant by MN or IM immunizations succumbed to lethal MA-EBOV challenge. These results show that immunization with EBOV sGP subunit vaccines with adjuvant by MN patches, which have been shown to provide improved safety and thermal stability, is a promising approach to protect against EBOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun, Jilin, China.,Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ling Ye
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Fang Lin
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.,Central Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital at the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, China
| | - Yasmine Gomaa
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
| | | | | | | | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
| | | | | | - Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Chinglai Yang
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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10
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Joyce JC, Sella HE, Jost H, Mistilis MJ, Esser ES, Pradhan P, Toy R, Collins ML, Rota PA, Roy K, Skountzou I, Compans RW, Oberste MS, Weldon WC, Norman JJ, Prausnitz MR. Extended delivery of vaccines to the skin improves immune responses. J Control Release 2019; 304:135-145. [PMID: 31071375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines prevent 2-3 million childhood deaths annually; however, low vaccine efficacy and the resulting need for booster doses create gaps in immunization coverage. In this translational study, we explore the benefits of extended release of licensed vaccine antigens into skin to increase immune responses after a single dose in order to design improved vaccine delivery systems. By administering daily intradermal injections of inactivated polio vaccine according to six different delivery profiles, zeroth-order release over 28 days resulted in neutralizing antibody titers equivalent to two bolus vaccinations administered one month apart. Vaccinations following this profile also improved immune responses to tetanus toxoid and subunit influenza vaccine but not a live-attenuated viral vaccine, measles vaccine. Finally, using subunit influenza vaccine, we demonstrated that daily vaccination by microneedle patch induced a potent, balanced humoral immunity with an increased memory response compared to bolus vaccination. We conclude that extended presentation of antigen in skin via intradermal injection or microneedle patch can enhance immune responses and reduce the number of vaccine doses, thereby enabling increased vaccination efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Joyce
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hila E Sella
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Heather Jost
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Matthew J Mistilis
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pallab Pradhan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Randall Toy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Marcus L Collins
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Paul A Rota
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Krishnendu Roy
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - William C Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd. M/S C22, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - James J Norman
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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11
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Kim MC, Kim KH, Lee JW, Lee YN, Choi HJ, Jung YJ, Kim YJ, Compans RW, Prausnitz MR, Kang SM. Co-Delivery of M2e Virus-Like Particles with Influenza Split Vaccine to the Skin Using Microneedles Enhances the Efficacy of Cross Protection. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040188. [PMID: 31003421 PMCID: PMC6523215 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a high priority to develop a simple and effective delivery method for a cross-protective influenza vaccine. We investigated skin immunization by microneedle (MN) patch with human influenza split vaccine and virus-like particles containing heterologous M2 extracellular (M2e) domains (M2e5x virus-like particles (VLP)) as a cross-protective influenza vaccine candidate. Co-delivery of influenza split vaccine and M2e5x VLP to the skin by MN patch was found to confer effective protection against heterosubtypic influenza virus by preventing weight loss and reducing lung viral loads. Compared to intramuscular immunization, MN-based delivery of combined split vaccine and M2e5x VLPs shaped cellular immune responses toward T helper type 1 responses increasing IgG2a isotype antibodies as well as IFN-γ producing cells in mucosal and systemic sites. This study provides evidence that potential immunological and logistic benefits of M2e5x VLP with human influenza split vaccine delivered by MN patch can be used to develop an easy-to-administer cross-protective influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
- Komipharm Co., Ltd., Siheung, Gyeonggi-do 15094, Korea.
| | - Ki-Hye Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongsangbukdo 39660, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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12
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Liu Y, Ye L, Lin F, Gomaa Y, Flyer D, Carrion R, Patterson JL, Prausnitz MR, Smith G, Glenn G, Wu H, Compans RW, Yang C. Intradermal immunization by Ebola virus GP subunit vaccines using microneedle patches protects mice against lethal EBOV challenge. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11193. [PMID: 30046140 PMCID: PMC6060117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a safe and efficacious filovirus vaccine is of high importance to public health. In this study, we compared immune responses induced by Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) subunit vaccines via intradermal immunization with microneedle (MN) patches and the conventional intramuscular (IM) injection in mice, which showed that MN delivery of GP induced higher levels and longer lasting antibody responses against GP than IM injection. Further, we found that EBOV GP in formulation with a saponin-based adjuvant, Matrix-M, can be efficiently loaded onto MN patches. Co-delivery of Matrix-M with GP significantly enhanced induction of antibody responses by MN delivery, as also observed for IM injection. Results from challenge studies showed that all mice that received the GP/adjuvant formulation by MN or IM immunizations were protected from lethal EBOV challenge. Further, 4 out of 5 mice vaccinated by MN delivery of unadjuvanted GP also survived the challenge, whereas only 1 out of 5 mice vaccinated by IM injection of unadjuvanted GP survived the challenge. These results demonstrate that MN patch delivery of EBOV GP subunit vaccines, which is expected to enable improved safety and thermal stability, can confer effective protection against EBOV infection that is superior to IM vaccination.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Formation/immunology
- Ebola Vaccines/immunology
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Ebolavirus/pathogenicity
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/genetics
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/prevention & control
- Humans
- Immunization
- Injections, Intradermal
- Mice
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Subunit/genetics
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, Changchun, Jilin 130112, P. R. China
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ling Ye
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Fang Lin
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Central Laboratory, Tangdu Hospital at the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An, 710038, China
| | - Yasmine Gomaa
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - David Flyer
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 7620 NW Loop 410, San Antonio, TX, 78227, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Gregory Glenn
- Novavax Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Epidemic Disease, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences CAAS, Changchun, Jilin 130112, P. R. China
| | - Richard W Compans
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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13
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Vassilieva EV, Wang S, Li S, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW. Skin immunization by microneedle patch overcomes statin-induced suppression of immune responses to influenza vaccine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17855. [PMID: 29259264 PMCID: PMC5736694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that in elderly individuals, statin therapy is associated with a reduced response to influenza vaccination. The present study was designed to determine effects on the immune response to influenza vaccination induced by statin administration in a mouse model, and investigate potential approaches to improve the outcome of vaccination on the background of statin therapy. We fed middle aged BALB/c mice a high fat “western” diet (WD) alone or supplemented with atorvastatin (AT) for 14 weeks, and control mice were fed with the regular rodent diet. Mice were immunized with a single dose of subunit A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1) vaccine, either systemically or with dissolving microneedle patches (MNPs). We observed that a greater age-dependent decline in the hemagglutinin inhibition titers occurred in systemically-immunized mice than in MNP- immunized mice. AT dampened the antibody response in the animals vaccinated by either route of vaccine delivery. However, the MNP-vaccinated AT-treated animals had ~20 times higher total antibody levels to the influenza vaccine than the systemically vaccinated group one month postvaccination. We propose that microneedle vaccination against influenza provides an approach to ameliorate the immunosuppressive effect of statin therapy observed with systemic immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Georgia
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Georgia
| | - Song Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Georgia
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Georgia
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Georgia.
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14
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Mistilis MJ, Joyce JC, Esser ES, Skountzou I, Compans RW, Bommarius AS, Prausnitz MR. Long-term stability of influenza vaccine in a dissolving microneedle patch. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2017; 7:195-205. [PMID: 26926241 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that optimized microneedle patch formulations can stabilize trivalent subunit influenza vaccine during long-term storage outside the cold chain and when exposed to potential stresses found during manufacturing and storage. Formulations containing combinations of trehalose/sucrose, sucrose/arginine, and arginine/heptagluconate were successful at retaining most or all vaccine activity during storage at 25 °C for up to 24 months as determined by ELISA assay. The best formulation of microneedle patches contained arginine/heptagluconate, which showed no significant loss of vaccine activity during the study. To validate these in vitro findings, mice were immunized using trivalent influenza vaccine stored in microneedle patches for more than 1 year at 25 °C, which elicited antibody titers greater than or equal to fresh liquid vaccine delivered by intradermal injection, indicating the retention of immunogenicity during storage. Finally, influenza vaccine in microneedle patches lost no significant activity during exposure to 60 °C for 4 months, multiple freeze-thaw cycles, or electron beam irradiation. We conclude that optimally formulated microneedle patches can retain influenza vaccine activity during extended storage outside the cold chain and during other environmental stresses, which suggests the possibility of microneedle patch storage on pharmacy shelves without refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Mistilis
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0100, USA
| | - Jessica C Joyce
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0100, USA
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Andreas S Bommarius
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0100, USA
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0100, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0100, USA.
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15
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Rouphael NG, Paine M, Mosley R, Henry S, McAllister DV, Kalluri H, Pewin W, Frew PM, Yu T, Thornburg NJ, Kabbani S, Lai L, Vassilieva EV, Skountzou I, Compans RW, Mulligan MJ, Prausnitz MR. The safety, immunogenicity, and acceptability of inactivated influenza vaccine delivered by microneedle patch (TIV-MNP 2015): a randomised, partly blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial. Lancet 2017; 390:649-658. [PMID: 28666680 PMCID: PMC5578828 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microneedle patches provide an alternative to conventional needle-and-syringe immunisation, and potentially offer improved immunogenicity, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, acceptability, and safety. We describe safety, immunogenicity, and acceptability of the first-in-man study on single, dissolvable microneedle patch vaccination against influenza. METHODS The TIV-MNP 2015 study was a randomised, partly blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 1, clinical trial at Emory University that enrolled non-pregnant, immunocompetent adults from Atlanta, GA, USA, who were aged 18-49 years, naive to the 2014-15 influenza vaccine, and did not have any significant dermatological disorders. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to four groups and received a single dose of inactivated influenza vaccine (fluvirin: 18 μg of haemagglutinin per H1N1 vaccine strain, 17 μg of haemagglutinin per H3N2 vaccine strain, and 15 μg of haemagglutinin per B vaccine strain) (1) by microneedle patch or (2) by intramuscular injection, or received (3) placebo by microneedle patch, all administered by an unmasked health-care worker; or received a single dose of (4) inactivated influenza vaccine by microneedle patch self-administered by study participants. A research pharmacist prepared the randomisation code using a computer-generated randomisation schedule with a block size of 4. Because of the nature of the study, participants were not masked to the type of vaccination method (ie, microneedle patch vs intramuscular injection). Primary safety outcome measures are the incidence of study product-related serious adverse events within 180 days, grade 3 solicited or unsolicited adverse events within 28 days, and solicited injection site and systemic reactogenicity on the day of study product administration through 7 days after administration, and secondary safety outcomes are new-onset chronic illnesses within 180 days and unsolicited adverse events within 28 days, all analysed by intention to treat. Secondary immunogenicity outcomes are antibody titres at day 28 and percentages of seroconversion and seroprotection, all determined by haemagglutination inhibition antibody assay. The trial is completed and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02438423. FINDINGS Between June 23, 2015, and Sept 25, 2015, 100 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to a group. There were no treatment-related serious adverse events, no treatment-related unsolicited grade 3 or higher adverse events, and no new-onset chronic illnesses. Among vaccinated groups (vaccine via health-care worker administered microneedle patch or intramuscular injection, or self-administered microneedle patch), overall incidence of solicited adverse events (n=89 vs n=73 vs n=73) and unsolicited adverse events (n=18 vs n=12 vs n=14) were similar. Reactogenicity was mild, transient, and most commonly reported as tenderness (15 [60%] of 25 participants [95% CI 39-79]) and pain (11 [44%] of 25 [24-65]) after intramuscular injection; and as tenderness (33 [66%] of 50 [51-79]), erythema (20 [40%] of 50 [26-55]), and pruritus (41 [82%] of 50 [69-91]) after vaccination by microneedle patch application. The geometric mean titres were similar at day 28 between the microneedle patch administered by a health-care worker versus the intramuscular route for the H1N1 strain (1197 [95% CI 855-1675] vs 997 [703-1415]; p=0·5), the H3N2 strain (287 [192-430] vs 223 [160-312]; p=0·4), and the B strain (126 [86-184] vs 94 [73-122]; p=0·06). Similar geometric mean titres were reported in participants who self-administered the microneedle patch (all p>0·05). The seroconversion percentages were significantly higher at day 28 after microneedle patch vaccination compared with placebo (all p<0·0001) and were similar to intramuscular injection (all p>0·01). INTERPRETATION Use of dissolvable microneedle patches for influenza vaccination was well tolerated and generated robust antibody responses. FUNDING National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine G Rouphael
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Michele Paine
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Regina Mosley
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sebastien Henry
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Devin V McAllister
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haripriya Kalluri
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Winston Pewin
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paula M Frew
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tianwei Yu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natalie J Thornburg
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah Kabbani
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lilin Lai
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark J Mulligan
- Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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16
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Esser ES, Pulit-Penaloza JA, Kalluri H, McAllister D, Vassilieva EV, Littauer EQ, Lelutiu N, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW, Skountzou I. Microneedle patch delivery of influenza vaccine during pregnancy enhances maternal immune responses promoting survival and long-lasting passive immunity to offspring. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5705. [PMID: 28720851 PMCID: PMC5515933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus causes life-threatening infections in pregnant women and their newborns. Immunization during pregnancy is the most effective means of preventing maternal and infant mortality/morbidity; however, influenza vaccination rates of pregnant women remain under 50%. Furthermore, the availability of vaccines in low-resource populations is limited. Skin immunization with microneedle patches (MN) is a novel and safe vaccination platform featuring thermostable vaccine formulations. Cold-chain independence and the potential for self-administration can expand influenza vaccination coverage in developing countries. In this study of pregnant BALB/c mice immunized with subunit H1N1 influenza vaccine, we demonstrate the advantage of skin vaccination over intramuscular delivery of a two-fold higher vaccine dose. MN vaccine induced superior humoral immune responses and conferred protective immunity against a lethal challenge dose of homologous influenza virus. Importantly, MN vaccination of mice at mid-gestation resulted in enhanced and long-lasting passive immunity of the offspring, measured by neutralizing antibody titers and survival rates after virus challenge. We conclude that skin vaccination using MN is a superior immunization approach with the potential to overcome immune tolerance observed in pregnancy, and lower vaccination costs through antigen dose-sparing, which is especially relevant in underserved countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joanna A Pulit-Penaloza
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Haripriya Kalluri
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Devin McAllister
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth Q Littauer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nadia Lelutiu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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17
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Vzorov AN, Compans RW. [VLP vaccines and effects of HIV-1 Env protein modifications on their antigenic properties]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2017; 50:406-15. [PMID: 27414779 DOI: 10.7868/s0026898416030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An ideal protective HIV-1 vaccine can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies, capable of preventing HIV transmission. The strategies of designing vaccines include generation of soluble recombinant proteins which mimic the native Env complex and are able to enhance the immunogenicity of gp120. Recent data indicate that the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of the Env protein has multiple functions, which can affect the early steps of infection, as well as viral assembly and antigenic properties. Modifications in the CT can be used to induce conformational changes in functional regions of gp120 and to stabilize the trimeric structure, avoiding immune misdirection and induction of non-neutralizing antibody responses. Env-trimers with modified CTs in virus-like particles (VLPs) are able to induce antibodies with broad spectrum neutralizing activity and high avidity and have the potential for developing an effective vaccine against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Vzorov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Ivanovskii Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 123098, Russia.,
| | - R W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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18
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Mohan T, Berman Z, Luo Y, Wang C, Wang S, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Chimeric virus-like particles containing influenza HA antigen and GPI-CCL28 induce long-lasting mucosal immunity against H3N2 viruses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40226. [PMID: 28067290 PMCID: PMC5220311 DOI: 10.1038/srep40226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, with worldwide seasonal epidemics. The duration and quality of humoral immunity and generation of immunological memory to vaccines is critical for protective immunity. In the current study, we examined the long-lasting protective efficacy of chimeric VLPs (cVLPs) containing influenza HA and GPI-anchored CCL28 as antigen and mucosal adjuvant, respectively, when immunized intranasally in mice. We report that the cVLPs induced significantly higher and sustainable levels of virus-specific antibody responses, especially IgA levels and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers, more than 8-month post-vaccination compared to influenza VLPs without CCL28 or influenza VLPs physically mixed with sCCL28 (soluble) in mice. After challenging the vaccinated animals at month 8 with H3N2 viruses, the cVLP group also demonstrated strong recall responses. On day 4 post-challenge, we measured increased antibody levels, ASCs and HAI titers with reduced viral load and inflammatory responses in the cVLP group. The animals vaccinated with the cVLP showed 20% cross-protection against drifted (Philippines) and 60% protection against homologous (Aichi) H3N2 viruses. Thus, the results suggest that the GPI-anchored CCL28 induces significantly higher mucosal antibody responses, involved in providing long-term cross-protection against H3N2 influenza virus when compared to other vaccination groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zachary Berman
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology &Immunology, School of Medicine Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology &Immunology, School of Medicine Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity &Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Yang HW, Ye L, Guo XD, Yang C, Compans RW, Prausnitz MR. Ebola Vaccination Using a DNA Vaccine Coated on PLGA-PLL/γPGA Nanoparticles Administered Using a Microneedle Patch. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28075069 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ebola DNA vaccine is incorporated into PLGA-PLL/γPGA nanoparticles and administered to skin using a microneedle (MN) patch. The nanoparticle delivery system increases vaccine thermostability and immunogenicity compared to free vaccine. Vaccination by MN patch produces stronger immune responses than intramuscular administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wei Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology; National Sun Yat-sen University; 70 Lienhai Rd. Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan R.O.C
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; 311 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center; Emory University School of Medicine; 1648 Pierce Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; 311 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; 15 Beisanhuandong Road Chaoyang District, Beijing China
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center; Emory University School of Medicine; 1648 Pierce Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Richard W. Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center; Emory University School of Medicine; 1648 Pierce Drive Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; 311 Ferst Drive Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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20
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Wang L, Chang TZ, He Y, Kim JR, Wang S, Mohan T, Berman Z, Tompkins SM, Tripp RA, Compans RW, Champion JA, Wang BZ. Coated protein nanoclusters from influenza H7N9 HA are highly immunogenic and induce robust protective immunity. Nanomedicine 2017; 13:253-262. [PMID: 27622321 PMCID: PMC5237404 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recurring influenza viruses pose an annual threat to public health. A time-saving, cost-effective and egg-independent influenza vaccine approach is important particularly when responding to an emerging pandemic. We fabricated coated, two-layer protein nanoclusters from recombinant trimeric hemagglutinin from an avian-origin H7N9 influenza A virus as an approach for vaccine development in response to an emerging pandemic. Assessment of the virus-specific immune responses and protective efficacy in mice immunized with the nanoclusters demonstrated that the vaccine candidates were highly immunogenic, able to induce protective immunity and long-lasting humoral antibody responses to this virus without the use of adjuvants. Because the advantages of the highly immunogenic coated nanoclusters also include rapid productions in an egg-independent system, this approach has great potential for influenza vaccine production not only in response to an emerging pandemic, but also as a replacement for conventional seasonal influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Timothy Z Chang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jong R Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Teena Mohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Zachary Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - S Mark Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Ralph A Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Julie A Champion
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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21
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Vzorov AN, Compans RW. "Cytoplasmic domain effects on exposure of co-receptor-binding sites of HIV-1 Env". Arch Virol 2016; 161:3011-8. [PMID: 27488878 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We defined the effects of the cytoplasmic domain (CT) of the Env glycoprotein on co-receptor usage of HIV-1 by reciprocal exchanges of regions containing V3-V5 loops between CD4-dependent and CD4-independent isolates. Primary HIV-1 isolate Env clones CD8 CXCR4-tropic 92UG046 CT84 with an 84-aa truncated CT domain, CD4 CXCR4-tropic 92UG046, and CD4 CCR5-tropic SF162 with full-length (FL) CT domains were used for comparison. The parental 92UG046 Env with CT84 was not fusogenic, but a chimeric SF162 V3-V5-CT84 with an 84-aa truncated CT domain, which demonstrated a switched co-receptor specificity, exhibited syncytium-formation activity with 3T3T4X4 cells. The wild-type (WT) SF162 Env with CT84 or full-length CT was fusogenic in 3T3T4R5 cells. By exchange of V3-V5 loops, we were able to alter WT SF162 to switch its co-receptor preference, which was not dependent on CT domain length. These results provide evidence that CT domains can induce conformational changes in functional regions of gp120 and determine receptor tropism but do not modulate HIV-1 co-receptor specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei N Vzorov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Gamaleya Federal Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation.
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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22
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Esser ES, Romanyuk A, Vassilieva EV, Jacob J, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW, Skountzou I. Tetanus vaccination with a dissolving microneedle patch confers protective immune responses in pregnancy. J Control Release 2016; 236:47-56. [PMID: 27327766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Maternal and neonatal tetanus claim tens of thousands lives every year in developing countries, but could be prevented by hygienic practices and improved immunization of pregnant women. This study tested the hypothesis that skin vaccination can overcome the immunologically transformed state of pregnancy and enhance protective immunity to tetanus in mothers and their newborns. To achieve this goal, we developed microneedle patches (MNPs) that efficiently delivered unadjuvanted tetanus toxoid to skin of pregnant mice and demonstrated that this route induced superior immune responses in female mice conferring 100% survival to tetanus toxin challenge when compared to intramuscular vaccination. Mice born to MNP-vaccinated mothers showed detectable tetanus-specific IgG antibodies up to 12weeks of age and complete protection to tetanus toxin challenge up at 6weeks of age. In contrast, none of the 6-week old mice born to intramuscularly vaccinated mothers survived challenge. Although pregnant mice vaccinated with unadjuvanted tetanus toxoid had 30% lower IgG and IgG1 titers than mice vaccinated intramuscularly with Alum®-adjuvanted tetanus toxoid vaccine, IgG2a titers and antibody affinity maturation were similar between these groups. We conclude that skin immunization with MNPs containing unadjuvanted tetanus toxoid can confer potent protective efficacy to mothers and their offspring using a delivery method well suited for expanding vaccination coverage in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - AndreyA Romanyuk
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, Georgia
| | - Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Joshy Jacob
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332, Georgia
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia.
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23
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Mohan T, Kim J, Berman Z, Wang S, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Co-delivery of GPI-anchored CCL28 and influenza HA in chimeric virus-like particles induces cross-protective immunity against H3N2 viruses. J Control Release 2016; 233:208-19. [PMID: 27178810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza infection typically initiates at respiratory mucosal surfaces. Induction of immune responses at the sites where pathogens initiate replication is crucial for the prevention of infection. We studied the adjuvanticity of GPI-anchored CCL28 co-incorporated with influenza HA-antigens in chimeric virus-like particles (cVLPs), in boosting strong protective immune responses through an intranasal (i.n.) route in mice. We compared the immune responses to that from influenza VLPs without CCL28, or physically mixed with soluble CCL28 at systemic and various mucosal compartments. The cVLPs containing GPI-CCL28 showed in-vitro chemotactic activity towards spleen and lung cells expressing CCR3/CCR10 chemokine receptors. The cVLPs induced antigen specific endpoint titers and avidity indices of IgG in sera and IgA in tracheal, lung, and intestinal secretions, significantly higher (4-6 fold) than other formulations. Significantly higher (3-5 fold) hemagglutination inhibition titers and high serum neutralization against H3N2 viruses were also detected with CCL28-containing VLPs compared to other groups. The CCL28-containing VLPs showed complete and 80% protection, when vaccinated animals were challenged with A/Aichi/2/1968/H3N2 (homologous) and A/Philippines/2/1982/H3N2 (heterologous) viruses, respectively. Thus, GPI-anchored CCL28 in influenza VLPs act as a strong immunostimulator at both systemic and mucosal sites, boosting significant cross-protection in animals against heterologous viruses across a large distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Jongrok Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zachary Berman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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24
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Vassilieva EV, Kalluri H, McAllister D, Taherbhai MT, Esser ES, Pewin WP, Pulit-Penaloza JA, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW, Skountzou I. Improved immunogenicity of individual influenza vaccine components delivered with a novel dissolving microneedle patch stable at room temperature. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 5:360-71. [PMID: 25895053 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-015-0228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of seasonal influenza epidemics and pandemics relies on widespread vaccination coverage to induce protective immunity. In addition to a good antigenic match with the circulating viruses, the effectiveness of individual strains represented in the trivalent vaccines depends on their immunogenicity. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity of H1N1, H3N2, and B seasonal influenza virus vaccine strains delivered individually with a novel dissolving microneedle patch and the stability of this formulation during storage at 25 °C. Our data demonstrate that all strains retained their antigenic activity after incorporation in the dissolving patches as measured by single radial diffusion (SRID) assay and immune responses to vaccination in BALB/c mice. After a single immunization, all three antigens delivered with microneedle patches induced superior neutralizing antibody titers compared to intramuscular immunization. Cutaneous antigen delivery was especially beneficial for the less immunogenic B strain. Mice immunized with dissolving microneedle patches encapsulating influenza A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1) vaccine were fully protected against lethal challenge by homologous mouse-adapted influenza virus. All vaccine components retained activity during storage at room temperature for at least 3 months as measured in vitro by SRID assay and in vivo by mouse immunization studies. Our data demonstrate that dissolving microneedle patches are a promising advance for influenza cutaneous vaccination due to improved immune responses using less immunogenic influenza antigens and enhanced stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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25
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Littauer EQ, Esser ES, Antao OQ, Williams DT, Compans RW, Skountzou I. Systemic dysregulation of cellular immune responses to H1N1 infection during pregnancy. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.208.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic demonstrated that pregnant women infected with influenza were at risk for severe respiratory distress and premature-rupture-of-membranes (PROM), leading to high incidence of hospitalization, preterm births and small for gestation age (SGA) neonates. We utilize a syngeneic BALB/c pregnant mouse model which recapitulates clinical phenotypes shown during influenza infection of pregnant women. Pregnant mice sublethally infected (0.5xLD50) with pandemic H1N1 A/California/07/09 showed higher viral titers and delayed viral clearance relative to non-pregnant mice, and increased incidence of stillbirths and SGA offspring. Lymphocytes isolated at days 7 and 14 from lungs and spleens of infected pregnant and non-pregnant female mice were analyzed for H1N1 A/Ca/07/09 specific IL-4 and IFN-γ responses. Pregnancy delayed influenza-specific cytokine secretion at the site of infection, indicating systemic dysregulation of anti-viral responses. Lymphocytes from draining mediastinal lymph nodes, spleens and lungs were used to quantify activation of B cells in germinal centers (GC), maturation into antibody secreting cells and memory B cells, and mucosal homing to lung tissue following infection. Pregnancy decreased maturation of GC+ B cells in the spleen and migration of plasma cells from the spleen to the lungs. Infected pregnant mice generated equivalent serum influenza-specific neutralizing antibody titers and increased IgA antibody secreting cells (ASC) in the lungs 6 weeks post-infection relative to infected non-pregnant mice, indicating a potential role in pregnancy favoring the development of mucosal immunity in response to prolonged viral exposure.
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26
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Skountzou I, Lelutiu N, Compans RW. Influenza prevention during pregnancy. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.16.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory–UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nadia Lelutiu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory–UGA Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS), Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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27
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Vzorov AN, Wang L, Chen J, Wang BZ, Compans RW. Effects of modification of the HIV-1 Env cytoplasmic tail on immunogenicity of VLP vaccines. Virology 2016; 489:141-50. [PMID: 26761396 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects on assembly and antigenic properties of specific modifications of the transmembrane spanning (TMS) and cytoplasmic tail (CT) domains of HIV-1 Env from a transmitted/founder (T/F) ZM53 Env glycoprotein. A construct containing a short version of the TMS domain derived from the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) Env with or without a GCN4 trimerization sequence in the CT exhibited the highest levels of incorporation into VLPs and induced the highest titers of anti-Env IgG immune responses in a VLP context. Sera from guinea pigs immunized by VLPs with high Env content, and containing the CT trimerization sequence, had increased neutralization activity and antibody avidity. A cross-clade prime-boost regimen with clade B SF162 or clade C ZM53 Env DNA priming and boosting with VLPs containing modified ZM53 Env further enhanced these immune responses. The modified VLPs demonstrate improved potential as HIV-1 vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei N Vzorov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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28
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Chu LY, Ye L, Dong K, Compans RW, Yang C, Prausnitz MR. Enhanced Stability of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Encapsulated in Dissolving Microneedle Patches. Pharm Res 2015; 33:868-78. [PMID: 26620313 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that encapsulation of influenza vaccine in microneedle patches increases vaccine stability during storage at elevated temperature. METHODS Whole inactivated influenza virus vaccine (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) was formulated into dissolving microneedle patches and vaccine stability was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo assays of antigenicity and immunogenicity after storage for up to 3 months at 4, 25, 37 and 45°C. RESULTS While liquid vaccine completely lost potency as determined by hemagglutination (HA) activity within 1-2 weeks outside of refrigeration, vaccine in microneedle patches lost 40-50% HA activity during or shortly after fabrication, but then had no significant additional loss of activity over 3 months of storage, independent of temperature. This level of stability required reduced humidity by packaging with desiccant, but was not affected by presence of oxygen. This finding was consistent with additional stability assays, including antigenicity of the vaccine measured by ELISA, virus particle morphological structure captured by transmission electron microscopy and protective immune responses by immunization of mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These data show that inactivated influenza vaccine encapsulated in dissolving microneedle patches has enhanced stability during extended storage at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Y Chu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Technology and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Technology and Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA. .,School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA.
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29
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Pulit-Penaloza JA, Sapkota B, Stein Esser E, Compans RW, Pollack BP, Skountzou I. Modulation of influenza vaccine immune responses using an epidermal growth factor receptor kinase inhibitor. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12321. [PMID: 26227481 PMCID: PMC4521188 DOI: 10.1038/srep12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) has been shown to alter MHC expression and that of several chemokines, and to enhance immune cell recruitment into human skin. We hypothesized that EGFRIs may have value as cutaneous immune response modifiers, and determined the effects of topical application of an irreversible EGFRI on a well-established murine model of influenza vaccination. We found that a single topical application of an EGFRI led to increased levels of antibodies that inhibit influenza mediated hemagglutination and viral cytopathic effects. The topically applied EGFRI significantly enhanced the generation of vaccine-specific IL-4 and IFN-γ producing cells within skin-draining lymph nodes as early as one week following vaccination. The EGFRI/vaccine group showed a twelve-fold reduction in detectable pulmonary viral load four days after infection as compared to the vaccine alone control group. The reduction in the lung viral titers correlated with the survival rate, which demonstrated 100% protection in the EGFRI/vaccine immunized group but only 65% protection in the mice immunized with vaccine alone. These findings are significant because they demonstrate that inhibition of defined signaling pathways within the skin using small molecule kinase inhibitors provides a novel approach to enhance immune responses to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bishu Sapkota
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322
| | - Brian P Pollack
- 1] Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033 [2] Department of Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 [3] Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322
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30
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Choi HJ, Song JM, Bondy BJ, Compans RW, Kang SM, Prausnitz MR. Effect of Osmotic Pressure on the Stability of Whole Inactivated Influenza Vaccine for Coating on Microneedles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134431. [PMID: 26230936 PMCID: PMC4521748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enveloped virus vaccines can be damaged by high osmotic strength solutions, such as those used to protect the vaccine antigen during drying, which contain high concentrations of sugars. We therefore studied shrinkage and activity loss of whole inactivated influenza virus in hyperosmotic solutions and used those findings to improve vaccine coating of microneedle patches for influenza vaccination. Using stopped-flow light scattering analysis, we found that the virus underwent an initial shrinkage on the order of 10% by volume within 5 s upon exposure to a hyperosmotic stress difference of 217 milliosmolarity. During this shrinkage, the virus envelope had very low osmotic water permeability (1 - 6×10-4 cm s-1) and high Arrhenius activation energy (Ea = 15.0 kcal mol-1), indicating that the water molecules diffused through the viral lipid membranes. After a quasi-stable state of approximately 20 s to 2 min, depending on the species and hypertonic osmotic strength difference of disaccharides, there was a second phase of viral shrinkage. At the highest osmotic strengths, this led to an undulating light scattering profile that appeared to be related to perturbation of the viral envelope resulting in loss of virus activity, as determined by in vitro hemagglutination measurements and in vivo immunogenicity studies in mice. Addition of carboxymethyl cellulose effectively prevented vaccine activity loss in vitro and in vivo, believed to be due to increasing the viscosity of concentrated sugar solution and thereby reducing osmotic stress during coating of microneedles. These results suggest that hyperosmotic solutions can cause biphasic shrinkage of whole inactivated influenza virus which can damage vaccine activity at high osmotic strength and that addition of a viscosity enhancer to the vaccine coating solution can prevent osmotically driven damage and thereby enable preparation of stable microneedle coating formulations for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jick Choi
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jae-Min Song
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Brian J. Bondy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard W. Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, & Infection and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Feng H, Zhang H, Deng J, Wang L, He Y, Wang S, Seyedtabaei R, Wang Q, Liu L, Galipeau J, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Incorporation of a GPI-anchored engineered cytokine as a molecular adjuvant enhances the immunogenicity of HIV VLPs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11856. [PMID: 26150163 PMCID: PMC4493578 DOI: 10.1038/srep11856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV vaccines should elicit immune responses at both the mucosal portals of entry to block transmission and systemic compartments to clear disseminated viruses. Co-delivery of mucosal adjuvants has been shown to be essential to induce effective mucosal immunity by non-replicating vaccines. A novel cytokine, GIFT4, engineered by fusing GM-CSF and interleukin-4, was previously found to simulate B cell proliferation and effector function. Herein a membrane-anchored form of GIFT4 was constructed by fusing a glycolipid (GPI)-anchoring sequence and incorporated into Env-enriched HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) as a molecular adjuvant. Guinea pigs were immunized with the resulting HIV VLPs through an intramuscular priming-intranasal boosting immunization route. The GIFT4-containing VLPs induced higher levels of systemic antibody responses with significantly increased binding avidity and improved neutralizing breadth and potency to a panel of selected strains, as well as higher levels of IgG and IgA at several mucosal sites. Thus, the novel GPI-GIFT4-containging VLPs have the potential to be developed into a prophylactic HIV vaccine. Incorporation of GPI-anchored GIFT4 into VLPs as a molecular adjuvant represents a novel approach to increase their immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jiusheng Deng
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yuan He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roheila Seyedtabaei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Laiting Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Li W, Ye L, Carrion R, Mohan GS, Nunneley J, Staples H, Ticer A, Patterson JL, Compans RW, Yang C. Characterization of Immune Responses Induced by Ebola Virus Glycoprotein (GP) and Truncated GP Isoform DNA Vaccines and Protection Against Lethal Ebola Virus Challenge in Mice. J Infect Dis 2015; 212 Suppl 2:S398-403. [PMID: 25877553 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its surface glycoprotein (GP), Ebola virus directs the production of large quantities of a truncated glycoprotein isoform (sGP) that is secreted into the extracellular space. We recently reported that sGP actively diverts host antibody responses against the epitopes that it shares with GP and thereby allows itself to absorb anti-GP antibodies, a phenomenon we termed "antigenic subversion." To investigate the effect of antigenic subversion by sGP on protection against virus infection, we compared immune responses induced by different prime-boost immunization regimens with GP and sGP DNA vaccines in mice and their efficacy against lethal Ebola virus challenge. Similar levels of anti-GP antibodies were induced by 2 immunizations with sGP and GP DNA vaccines. However, 2 immunizations with GP but not sGP DNA vaccine fully protected mice from lethal challenge. Boosting with sGP or GP DNA vaccine in mice that had been primed by GP or sGP DNA vaccine augmented the levels of anti-GP antibody responses and further improved protective efficacy against Ebola virus infection. These results show that both the quality and the levels of anti-GP antibody responses affect the efficacy of protection against Ebola virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Gopi S Mohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jerritt Nunneley
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Hilary Staples
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Anysha Ticer
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chinglai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Patel JM, Kim MC, Vartabedian VF, Lee YN, He S, Song JM, Choi HJ, Yamanaka S, Amaram N, Lukacher A, Montemagno CD, Compans RW, Kang SM, Selvaraj P. Protein transfer-mediated surface engineering to adjuvantate virus-like nanoparticles for enhanced anti-viral immune responses. Nanomedicine 2015; 11:1097-107. [PMID: 25752855 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recombinant virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) are a promising nanoparticle platform to develop safe vaccines for many viruses. Herein, we describe a novel and rapid protein transfer process to enhance the potency of enveloped VLPs by decorating influenza VLPs with exogenously added glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored immunostimulatory molecules (GPI-ISMs). With protein transfer, the level of GPI-ISM incorporation onto VLPs is controllable by varying incubation time and concentration of GPI-ISMs added. ISM incorporation was dependent upon the presence of a GPI-anchor and incorporated proteins were stable and functional for at least 4weeks when stored at 4°C. Vaccinating mice with GPI-granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-incorporated-VLPs induced stronger antibody responses and better protection against a heterologous influenza virus challenge than unmodified VLPs. Thus, VLPs can be enriched with ISMs by protein transfer to increase the potency and breadth of the immune response, which has implications in developing effective nanoparticle-based vaccines against a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR The inherent problem with current influenza vaccines is that they do not generate effective cross-protection against heterologous viral strains. In this article, the authors described the development of virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) as influenza vaccines with enhanced efficacy for cross-protection, due to an easy protein transfer modification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaina M Patel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Vincent F Vartabedian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sara He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jae-Min Song
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jick Choi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Satoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nikhil Amaram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna Lukacher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Carlo D Montemagno
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Periasamy Selvaraj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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34
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Koutsonanos DG, Esser ES, McMaster SR, Kalluri P, Lee JW, Prausnitz MR, Skountzou I, Denning TL, Kohlmeier JE, Compans RW. Enhanced immune responses by skin vaccination with influenza subunit vaccine in young hosts. Vaccine 2015; 33:4675-82. [PMID: 25744228 PMCID: PMC5757502 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Skin has gained substantial attention as a vaccine target organ due to its immunological properties, which include a high density of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of this vaccination route not only in animal models but also in adults. Young children represent a population group that is at high risk from influenza infection. As a result, this group could benefit significantly from influenza vaccine delivery approaches through the skin and the improved immune response it can induce. In this study, we compared the immune responses in young BALB/c mice upon skin delivery of influenza vaccine with vaccination by the conventional intramuscular route. Young mice that received 5 μg of H1N1 A/Ca/07/09 influenza subunit vaccine using MN demonstrated an improved serum antibody response (IgG1 and IgG2a) when compared to the young IM group, accompanied by higher numbers of influenza-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) in the bone marrow. In addition, we observed increased activation of follicular helper T cells and formation of germinal centers in the regional lymph nodes in the MN immunized group, rapid clearance of the virus from their lungs as well as complete survival, compared with partial protection observed in the IM-vaccinated group. Our results support the hypothesis that influenza vaccine delivery through the skin would be beneficial for protecting the high-risk young population from influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios G Koutsonanos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Influenza Pathogenesis and Immunology Research Center (IPIRC), Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Sean R McMaster
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Influenza Pathogenesis and Immunology Research Center (IPIRC), Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Priya Kalluri
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Fest Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, United States
| | - Jeong-Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Fest Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, United States
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Fest Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0100, United States
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Influenza Pathogenesis and Immunology Research Center (IPIRC), Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Timothy L Denning
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Jacob E Kohlmeier
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Influenza Pathogenesis and Immunology Research Center (IPIRC), Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Influenza Pathogenesis and Immunology Research Center (IPIRC), Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Abstract
Influenza viruses pose a substantial threat to human and animal health worldwide. Recent studies in mouse models have revealed an indispensable role for the innate immune system in defense against influenza virus. Recognition of the virus by innate immune receptors in a multitude of cell types activates intricate signaling networks, functioning to restrict viral replication. Downstream effector mechanisms include activation of innate immune cells and, induction and regulation of adaptive immunity. However, uncontrolled innate responses are associated with exaggerated disease, especially in pandemic influenza virus infection. Despite advances in the understanding of innate response to influenza in the mouse model, there is a large knowledge gap in humans, particularly in immunocompromised groups such as infants and the elderly. We propose here, the need for further studies in humans to decipher the role of innate immunity to influenza virus, particularly at the site of infection. These studies will complement the existing work in mice and facilitate the quest to design improved vaccines and therapeutic strategies against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. A. Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
| | - Richard W. Compans
- IDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia USA
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36
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Ou C, Shi N, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Wang B, Compans RW, He C. Protocatechuic acid, a novel active substance against avian influenza virus H9N2 infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111004. [PMID: 25337912 PMCID: PMC4206475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus H9N2 subtype has triggered co-infection with other infectious agents, resulting in huge economical losses in the poultry industry. Our current study aims to evaluate the antiviral activity of protocatechuic acid (PCA) against a virulent H9N2 strain in a mouse model. 120 BALB/c mice were divided into one control group, one untreated group, one 50 mg/kg amantadine hydrochloride-treated group and three PCA groups treated 12 hours post-inoculation with 40, 20 or 10 mg/kg PCA for 7 days. All the infected animals were inoculated intranasally with 0.2 ml of a A/Chicken/Hebei/4/2008(H9N2) inoculum. A significant body weight loss was found in the 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg PCA-treated and amantadine groups as compared to the control group. The 14 day survivals were 94.4%, 100% and 95% in the PCA-treated groups and 94.4% in the amantadine hydrochloride group, compared to less than 60% in the untreated group. Virus loads were less in the PCA-treated groups compared to the amantadine-treated or the untreated groups. Neutrophil cells in BALF were significantly decreased while IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α and IL-6 decreased significantly at days 7 in the PCA-treated groups compared to the untreated group. Furthermore, a significantly decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio and an increased proportion of CD19 cells were observed in the PCA-treated groups and amantadine-treated group compared to the untreated group. Mice administered with PCA exhibited a higher survival rate and greater viral clearance associated with an inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and activation of CD8+ T cell subsets. PCA is a promising novel agent against bird flu infection in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbo Ou
- College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China; Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongxue Wu
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Baozhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Yerkes Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Yerkes Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cheng He
- Key Lab of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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37
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O E, Ko EJ, Kim MC, Lee YT, Song JM, Kwon YM, Compans RW, Kang SM. Distinct B-cell populations contribute to vaccine antigen-specific antibody production in a transgenic mouse model. Immunology 2014; 142:624-35. [PMID: 24645831 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of memory B cells by vaccination plays a critical role in maintaining antigen-specific antibodies and producing antibody responses upon re-exposure to a pathogen. B-cell populations contributing to antibody production and protection by vaccination remain poorly defined. We used influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine in a transgenic mouse model that would identify germinal centre-derived memory B cells with the expression of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP(+) cells). Immunization with influenza VLP vaccine did not induce significant increases in YFP(+) cells although vaccine antigen-specific antibodies in sera were found to confer protection against a lethal dose of influenza A virus (A/PR8). In addition, CD43(+) B220(-) populations with low YFP(+) cells mainly contributed to the production of vaccine antigen-specific IgG isotype-switched antibodies whereas CD43(-) B220(+) populations with high YFP(+) cells were able to produce vaccine antigen-specific IgM antibodies. Challenge infection of immunized transgenic mice with live influenza A virus resulted in significant increases in YFP(+) cells in the B220(-) populations of spleen and bone marrow cells. These results suggest that CD43(+) B220(-) B cells generated by vaccination are important for producing influenza vaccine antigen-specific antibodies and conferring protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju O
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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38
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Pulit-Penaloza JA, Esser ES, Vassilieva EV, Lee JW, Taherbhai MT, Pollack BP, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW, Skountzou I. A protective role of murine langerin⁺ cells in immune responses to cutaneous vaccination with microneedle patches. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6094. [PMID: 25130187 PMCID: PMC4135340 DOI: 10.1038/srep06094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous vaccination with microneedle patches offers several advantages over more frequently used approaches for vaccine delivery, including improved protective immunity. However, the involvement of specific APC subsets and their contribution to the induction of immunity following cutaneous vaccine delivery is not well understood. A better understanding of the functions of individual APC subsets in the skin will allow us to target specific skin cell populations in order to further enhance vaccine efficacy. Here we use a Langerin-EGFP-DTR knock-in mouse model to determine the contribution of langerin+ subsets of skin APCs in the induction of adaptive immune responses following cutaneous microneedle delivery of influenza vaccine. Depletion of langerin+ cells prior to vaccination resulted in substantial impairment of both Th1 and Th2 responses, and decreased post-challenge survival rates, in mice vaccinated cutaneously but not in those vaccinated via the intramuscular route or in non-depleted control mice. Our results indicate that langerin+ cells contribute significantly to the induction of protective immune responses following cutaneous vaccination with a subunit influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Pulit-Penaloza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - E Stein Esser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Jeong Woo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332
| | - Misha T Taherbhai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Brian P Pollack
- 1] Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033 [2] Department of Dermatology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
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39
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Abstract
Influenza is often complicated by bacterial pathogens that colonize the nasopharynx and invade the middle ear and/or lung epithelium. Incidence and pathogenicity of influenza-bacterial coinfections are multifactorial processes that involve various pathogenic virulence factors and host responses with distinct site- and strain-specific differences. Animal models and kinetic models have improved our understanding of how influenza viruses interact with their bacterial co-pathogens and the accompanying immune responses. Data from these models indicate that considerable alterations in epithelial surfaces and aberrant immune responses lead to severe inflammation, a key driver of bacterial acquisition and infection severity following influenza. However, further experimental and analytical studies are essential to determining the full mechanistic spectrum of different viral and bacterial strains and species and to finding new ways to prevent and treat influenza-associated bacterial coinfections. Here, we review recent advances regarding transmission and disease potential of influenza-associated bacterial infections and discuss the current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W. Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia USA
| | - Michael B. A. Oldstone
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California USA
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40
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Zhang H, Wang L, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Universal influenza vaccines, a dream to be realized soon. Viruses 2014; 6:1974-91. [PMID: 24784572 PMCID: PMC4036552 DOI: 10.3390/v6051974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to frequent viral antigenic change, current influenza vaccines need to be re-formulated annually to match the circulating strains for battling seasonal influenza epidemics. These vaccines are also ineffective in preventing occasional outbreaks of new influenza pandemic viruses. All these challenges call for the development of universal influenza vaccines capable of conferring broad cross-protection against multiple subtypes of influenza A viruses. Facilitated by the advancement in modern molecular biology, delicate antigen design becomes one of the most effective factors for fulfilling such goals. Conserved epitopes residing in virus surface proteins including influenza matrix protein 2 and the stalk domain of the hemagglutinin draw general interest for improved antigen design. The present review summarizes the recent progress in such endeavors and also covers the encouraging progress in integrated antigen/adjuvant delivery and controlled release technology that facilitate the development of an affordable universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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41
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Kim MC, Lee YN, Ko EJ, Lee JS, Kwon YM, Hwang HS, Song JM, Song BM, Lee YJ, Choi JG, Kang HM, Quan FS, Compans RW, Kang SM. Supplementation of influenza split vaccines with conserved M2 ectodomains overcomes strain specificity and provides long-term cross protection. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1364-1374. [PMID: 24590045 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines do not provide good protection against antigenically different influenza A viruses. As an approach to overcome strain specificity of protection, this study demonstrates significantly improved long-term cross protection by supplementing split vaccines with a conserved molecular target, a repeat of the influenza M2 ectodomain (M2e) expressed on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) in a membrane-anchored form. Intramuscular immunization with H1N1 split vaccine (A/California/07/2009) supplemented with M2e5x VLPs induced M2e-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and shaped the host responses to the vaccine in the direction of T-helper type 1 responses inducing dominant IgG2a isotype antibodies as well as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) producing cells in systemic and mucosal sites. Upon lethal challenge, M2e5x VLP-supplemented vaccination lowered lung viral loads and induced long-term cross protection against H3N2 or H5N1 subtype influenza viruses over 12 months. M2e antibodies, CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells were found to contribute to improving heterosubtypic cross protection. In addition, improved cross protection by supplemented vaccination with M2e5x VLPs was mediated via Fc receptors. The results support evidence that supplementation with M2e5x VLPs is a promising approach for overcoming the limitation of strain-specific protection by current influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chul Kim
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yu-Na Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Young-Man Kwon
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jae-Min Song
- Department of Global medical Science, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Min Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Choi
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kang
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang City, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most vaccines are administered by intramuscular injection using a hypodermic needle and syringe. Some limitations of this procedure include reluctance to be immunized because of fear of needlesticks, and concerns associated with the safe disposal of needles after their use. Skin delivery is an alternate route of vaccination that has potential to be painless and could even lead to dose reduction of vaccines. Recently, microneedles have emerged as a novel painless approach for delivery of influenza vaccines via the skin. AREAS COVERED In this review, we briefly summarize the approaches and devices used for skin vaccination, and then focus on studies of skin immunization with influenza vaccines using microneedles. We discuss both the functional immune response and the nature of this immune response following vaccination with microneedles. EXPERT OPINION The cutaneous administration of influenza vaccines using microneedles offers several advantages: it is painless, elicits stronger immune responses in preclinical studies and could improve responses in high-risk populations. These dry formulations of vaccines provide enhanced stability, a property of high importance in enabling their rapid global distribution in response to possible outbreaks of pandemic influenza and newly emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvinder S Gill
- Texas Tech University, Department of Chemical Engineering , Lubbock, TX , USA
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43
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Wang BZ, Gill HS, He C, Ou C, Wang L, Wang YC, Feng H, Zhang H, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW. Microneedle delivery of an M2e-TLR5 ligand fusion protein to skin confers broadly cross-protective influenza immunity. J Control Release 2014; 178:1-7. [PMID: 24417966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Influenza vaccines with broad cross-protection are urgently needed to prevent an emerging influenza pandemic. A fusion protein of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 5-agonist domains from flagellin and multiple repeats of the conserved extracellular domain of the influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) was constructed, purified and evaluated as such a vaccine. A painless vaccination method suitable for possible self-administration using coated microneedle arrays was investigated for skin-targeted delivery of the fusion protein in a mouse model. The results demonstrate that microneedle immunization induced strong humoral as well as mucosal antibody responses and conferred complete protection against homo- and heterosubtypic lethal virus challenges. Protective efficacy with microneedles was found to be significantly better than that seen with conventional intramuscular injection, and comparable to that observed with intranasal immunization. Because of its advantages for administration, safety and storage, microneedle delivery of M2e-flagellin fusion protein is a promising approach for an easy-to-administer universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Harvinder S Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Changbo Ou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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44
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Abstract
Problems with existing influenza vaccines include the strain specificity of the immune response, resulting in the need for frequent reformulation in response to viral antigenic drift. Even in years when the same influenza strains are prevalent, the duration of immunity is limited, and results in the need for annual revaccination. The immunogenicity of the present split or subunit vaccines is also lower than that observed with whole inactivated virus, and the vaccines are not very effective in high risk groups such as the young or the elderly. Vaccine coverage is incomplete, due in part to concerns about the use of hypodermic needles for delivery. Alternative approaches for vaccination are being developed which address many of these concerns. Here we review new approaches which focus on skin immunization, including the development of needle-free delivery systems which use stable dry formulations and induce stronger and longer-lasting immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, CNR Building, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA,
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45
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Kim YC, Yoo DG, Compans RW, Kang SM, Prausnitz MR. Cross-protection by co-immunization with influenza hemagglutinin DNA and inactivated virus vaccine using coated microneedles. J Control Release 2013; 172:579-88. [PMID: 23643528 PMCID: PMC3815987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The need for annual revaccination against influenza is a burden on the healthcare system, leads to low vaccination rates and makes timely vaccination difficult against pandemic strains, such as during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. In an effort toward achieving a broadly protective vaccine that provides cross-protection against multiple strains of influenza, this study developed a microneedle patch to co-immunize with A/PR8 influenza hemagglutinin DNA and A/PR8 inactivated virus vaccine. We hypothesize that this dual component vaccination strategy administered to the skin using microneedles will provide cross-protection against other strains of influenza. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel coating formulation that did not require additional excipients to increase coating solution viscosity by using the DNA vaccine itself to increase viscosity and thereby enable thick coatings of DNA vaccine and inactivated virus vaccine on metal microneedles. Co-immunization in this way not only generated robust antibody responses against A/PR8 influenza but also generated robust heterologous antibody responses against pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza in mice. Challenge studies showed complete cross-protection against lethal challenge with live pandemic 2009 H1N1 virus. Control experiments using A/PR8 inactivated influenza virus vaccine with placebo DNA coated onto microneedles produced lower antibody titers and provided incomplete protection against challenge. Overall, this is the first study showing DNA solution as a microneedle coating agent and demonstrating cross-protection by co-immunization with inactivated virus and DNA vaccine using coated microneedles.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibody Formation
- Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Humans
- Immunization
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Injections, Intradermal
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Needles
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Goon Yoo
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Richard W. Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA30303, USA
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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46
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Abstract
To find an effective mucosal adjuvant for influenza virus-like particles (VLPs), we compared the effects of known adjuvants Alum, CpG DNA, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), poly IC, gardiquimod, and cholera toxin (CT). Mice that were intranasally immunized with Alum, CpG, MPL, and CT adjuvanted VLPs showed higher levels of antibodies in both sera and mucosa. Hemagglutination inhibition and virus neutralizing activities were enhanced in groups adjuvanted with Alum, MPL, or CT. Influenza virus specific long-lived cells secreting IgG and IgA antibodies were found at high levels both in bone marrow and spleen in the Alum, CpG and CT adjuvanted groups. A similar level of protection was observed among different adjuvanted groups, except the CT adjuvant that showed a higher efficacy in lowering lung viral loads after challenge. Alum and CT adjuvants differentially increased influenza VLP-mediated activation of dendritic cells and splenocytes in vitro, supporting the in vivo pattern of antibody isotypes and cytokine production. These results suggest that Alum, MPL, or CpG adjuvants, which have been tested clinically, can be developed as an effective mucosal adjuvant for influenza VLP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shi Quan
- 1 Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
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47
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Pearton M, Pirri D, Kang SM, Compans RW, Birchall JC. Host responses in human skin after conventional intradermal injection or microneedle administration of virus-like-particle influenza vaccine. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:1401-10. [PMID: 23564440 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Miniaturized microneedle devices are being developed for painlessly targeting vaccines to the immune cell populations in skin. As skin immunization studies are generally restricted to animal models however, where skin architecture and immunity is greatly different to human, surprisingly little is known about the local human response to intradermal (ID) vaccines. Here surgically excised human skin is used to explore for the first time the complex molecular and cellular host responses to a candidate influenza vaccine comprising nanoparticulate virus-like-particles (VLPs), administered via conventional hypodermic injection or reduced scale microneedles. Responses at the molecular level are determined by microarray analysis (47,296 discrete transcripts) and validated by quantitative PCR (96 genes). Cellular response is probed through monitoring migration of dendritic cells in viable skin tissue. Gene expression mapping, ontological analysis, and qPCR reveal up-regulation of a host of genes responsible for key immunomodulatory processes and host viral response, including cell recruitment, activation, migration, and T cell interaction following both ID and microneedle injection of VLPs; the response from the microneedles being more subtle. Significant morphological and migratory changes to skin dendritic cells are also apparent following microneedle VLP delivery. This is the first study displaying the global, multifaceted immunological events that occur at the site of vaccine deposition in human skin and will subsequently influence the degree and nature of innate and adaptive immune responses. An increased understanding of the detailed similarities and differences in response against antigen administered via different delivery modalities will inform the development of improved vaccines and vaccine delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Pearton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
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48
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Le VL, Courtney CL, Steel J, Compans RW. Closely related influenza viruses induce contrasting respiratory tract immunopathology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76708. [PMID: 24086762 PMCID: PMC3784437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The swine-origin H1N1 virus which emerged in 2009 resulted in the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Although the majority of infections were moderate, a significant proportion of infections were severe and characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary edema. We compared two isolates from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic; A/California/07/09 (CA/07) and A/Netherlands/602/09 (NL/602) viruses that share greater than 99% sequence identity. Though genetically similar, these viruses exhibit contrasting pathological effects. Mice that were infected with 800 plaque forming unit (PFU) of CA/07 virus rapidly lost weight, which was concurrent with detection of high pulmonary concentrations of MCP-1, MIG, IP-10 and TIMP-1. Initially, severe bronchiolar epithelial necrosis and acute respiratory distress was observed, followed by marked bronchiolar epithelial hyperplasia. Mononuclear cell infiltration was initially localized to perivascular and peribronchiolar interstitium and then spread to adjacent alveoli. Infiltrating cells were phenotypically CD11bhi, F4/80lo. In contrast, when mice were infected with 800 PFU of NL/602 virus, minimal weight loss was observed, and concentrations of cytokines in the lung were significantly lower. Inflammation was primarily restricted to the bronchioles and perivascular interstitium with minimal spread to alveoli. Infiltrating cells include foamy macrophages and surface markers were characterized as CD11blo/-, F4/80hi. These two genetically similar viruses can be useful strains with which to investigate immune-regulatory determinants of pathogenesis of influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy L. Le
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VLL); (RWC)
| | - Cynthia L. Courtney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John Steel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard W. Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (VLL); (RWC)
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49
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Wang L, Hess A, Chang TZ, Wang YC, Champion JA, Compans RW, Wang BZ. Nanoclusters self-assembled from conformation-stabilized influenza M2e as broadly cross-protective influenza vaccines. Nanomedicine 2013; 10:473-82. [PMID: 23988715 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza vaccines with broad cross-protection are urgently needed. The highly conserved ectodomain of the influenza matrix protein 2 (M2e) can be a promising candidate if its low immunogenicity was overcome. In this study, we generated protein nanoclusters self-assembled from conformation-stabilized M2e tetramers (tM2e) to improve its immunogenicity. The resulting nanoclusters showed an average hydrodynamic diameter of 227 nm. Vaccination with the nanoclusters by an intranasal route elicited high levels of serum antigen-specific IgG in mice (approximately 100-fold higher than that obtained with soluble tM2e), as well as antigen-specific T cell and mucosal antibody responses. The immunity conferred complete protection against lethal challenge with homo- as well as heterosubtypic viruses. These results demonstrate that nanoclusters assembled from conformation-stabilized M2e are promising as a potential universal influenza A vaccine. Self-assembly into nanoclusters represents a novel approach for increasing the immunogenicity of vaccine antigens. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In order to develop more effective influenza vaccination, the highly conserved ectodomain of M2e could be a promising candidate. Unfortunately, it is a weak antigen for vaccination purposes. In this study, self-assembled protein nanoclusters of tM2e were generated and tested. The nanoclusters demonstrated superior vaccination properties, with complete protection against lethal challenge in the studied rodent model, raising hope for the introduction of similar vaccines to challenge human influenza outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Annie Hess
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy Z Chang
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Julie A Champion
- Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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50
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Fouchier RAM, Kawaoka Y, Cardona C, Compans RW, García-Sastre A, Govorkova EA, Guan Y, Herfst S, Orenstein WA, Peiris JSM, Perez DR, Richt JA, Russell C, Schultz-Cherry SL, Smith DJ, Steel J, Tompkins SM, Topham DJ, Treanor JJ, Tripp RA, Webby RJ, Webster RG. Gain-of-function experiments on H7N9. Science 2013. [PMID: 23929965 DOI: 10.1126/science.341.6146.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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