1
|
Antoszewski M, Mierek-Adamska A, Dąbrowska GB. The Importance of Microorganisms for Sustainable Agriculture-A Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:1100. [PMID: 36422239 PMCID: PMC9694901 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of climate change, progressive degradation of the environment, including agricultural land negatively affecting plant growth and development, endangers plant productivity. Seeking efficient and sustainable agricultural techniques to replace agricultural chemicals is one of the most important challenges nowadays. The use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms is among the most promising approaches; however, molecular mechanisms underneath plant-microbe interactions are still poorly understood. In this review, we summarized the knowledge on plant-microbe interactions, highlighting the role of microbial and plant proteins and metabolites in the formation of symbiotic relationships. This review covers rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbiomes, the role of root exudates in plant-microorganism interactions, the functioning of the plant's immune system during the plant-microorganism interactions. We also emphasized the possible role of the stringent response and the evolutionarily conserved mechanism during the established interaction between plants and microorganisms. As a case study, we discussed fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma. Our review aims to summarize the existing knowledge about plant-microorganism interactions and to highlight molecular pathways that need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Mierek-Adamska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li H, Nian J, Fang S, Guo M, Huang X, Zhang F, Wang Q, Zhang J, Bai J, Dong G, Xin P, Xie X, Chen F, Wang G, Wang Y, Qian Q, Zuo J, Chu J, Ma X. Regulation of nitrogen starvation responses by the alarmone (p)ppGpp in rice. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:469-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
3
|
Shaw RK, Shen Y, Wang J, Sheng X, Zhao Z, Yu H, Gu H. Advances in Multi-Omics Approaches for Molecular Breeding of Black Rot Resistance in Brassica oleracea L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:742553. [PMID: 34938304 PMCID: PMC8687090 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.742553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassica oleracea is one of the most important species of the Brassicaceae family encompassing several economically important vegetables produced and consumed worldwide. But its sustainability is challenged by a range of pathogens, among which black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is the most serious and destructive seed borne bacterial disease, causing huge yield losses. Host-plant resistance could act as the most effective and efficient solution to curb black rot disease for sustainable production of B. oleracea. Recently, 'omics' technologies have emerged as promising tools to understand the host-pathogen interactions, thereby gaining a deeper insight into the resistance mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the recent achievements made in the emerging omics technologies to tackle the black rot challenge in B. oleracea. With an integrated approach of the omics technologies such as genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, it would allow better understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying black rot resistance. Due to the availability of sequencing data, genomics and transcriptomics have progressed as expected for black rot resistance, however, other omics approaches like proteomics and metabolomics are lagging behind, necessitating a holistic and targeted approach to address the complex questions of Xcc-Brassica interactions. Genomic studies revealed that the black rot resistance is a complex trait and is mostly controlled by quantitative trait locus (QTL) with minor effects. Transcriptomic analysis divulged the genes related to photosynthesis, glucosinolate biosynthesis and catabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, ROS scavenging, calcium signalling, hormonal synthesis and signalling pathway are being differentially expressed upon Xcc infection. Comparative proteomic analysis in relation to susceptible and/or resistance interactions with Xcc identified the involvement of proteins related to photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, processing and degradation, energy metabolism, innate immunity, redox homeostasis, and defence response and signalling pathways in Xcc-Brassica interaction. Specifically, most of the studies focused on the regulation of the photosynthesis-related proteins as a resistance response in both early and later stages of infection. Metabolomic studies suggested that glucosinolates (GSLs), especially aliphatic and indolic GSLs, its subsequent hydrolysis products, and defensive metabolites synthesized by jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway are involved in disease resistance mechanisms against Xcc in Brassica species. Multi-omics analysis showed that JA signalling pathway is regulating resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogen like Xcc. So, the bonhomie between omics technologies and plant breeding is going to trigger major breakthroughs in the field of crop improvement by developing superior cultivars with broad-spectrum resistance. If multi-omics tools are implemented at the right scale, we may be able to achieve the maximum benefits from the minimum. In this review, we have also discussed the challenges, future prospects, and the way forward in the application of omics technologies to accelerate the breeding of B. oleracea for disease resistance. A deeper insight about the current knowledge on omics can offer promising results in the breeding of high-quality disease-resistant crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Honghui Gu
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
In Silico Study of the RSH ( RelA/ SpoT Homologs) Gene Family and Expression Analysis in Response to PGPR Bacteria and Salinity in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910666. [PMID: 34639007 PMCID: PMC8509286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Among several mechanisms involved in the plant stress response, synthesis of guanosine tetra and pentaphosphates (alarmones), homologous to the bacterial stringent response, is of crucial importance. Plant alarmones affect, among others, photosynthetic activity, metabolite accumulation, and nutrient remobilization, and thus regulate plant growth and development. The plant RSH (RelA/SpoT homolog) genes, that encode synthetases and/or hydrolases of alarmones, have been characterized in a limited number of plant species, e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Ipomoea nil. Here, we used dry-to-wet laboratory research approaches to characterize RSH family genes in the polyploid plant Brassica napus. There are 12 RSH genes in the genome of rapeseed that belong to four types of RSH genes: 6 RSH1, 2 RSH2, 3 RSH3, and 1 CRSH. BnRSH genes contain 13-24 introns in RSH1, 2-6 introns in RSH2, 1-6 introns in RSH3, and 2-3 introns in the CRSH genes. In the promoter regions of the RSH genes, we showed the presence of regulatory elements of the response to light, plant hormones, plant development, and abiotic and biotic stresses. The wet-lab analysis showed that expression of BnRSH genes is generally not significantly affected by salt stress, but that the presence of PGPR bacteria, mostly of Serratia sp., increased the expression of BnRSH significantly. The obtained results show that BnRSH genes are differently affected by biotic and abiotic factors, which indicates their different functions in plants.
Collapse
|
5
|
Petrova O, Parfirova O, Gogolev Y, Gorshkov V. Stringent Response in Bacteria and Plants with Infection. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1811-1817. [PMID: 34296953 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-20-0510-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stringent response (SR), a primary stress reaction in bacteria and plant chloroplasts, is a molecular switch that provides operational stress-induced reprogramming of transcription under conditions of abiotic and biotic stress. Because the infection is a stressful situation for both partners (the host plant and the pathogen), we analyzed the expression of bacterial and plastid SR-related genes during plant-microbial interaction. In the phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum, SpoT-dependent SR was induced after contact with potato or tobacco plants. In plants, two different scenarios of molecular events developed under bacterial infection. Plastid SR was not induced in the host plant potato Solanum tuberosum, which co-evolved with the pathogen for a long time. In this case, the salicylic acid defense pathway was activated and plants were more resistant to bacterial infection. SR was activated in the tobacco Nicotiana tabacum (experimental host) along with activation of jasmonic acid-related genes, resulting in plant death. These results are important to more fully understand the evolutionary interactions between plants and symbionts/pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Parfirova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420111, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaynab M, Wang Z, Hussain A, Bahadar K, Sajid M, Sharif Y, Azam M, Sughra K, Raza MA, Khan KA, Li S. ATP-binding cassette transporters expression profiling revealed its role in the development and regulating stress response in Solanum tuberosum. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:5251-5264. [PMID: 34480688 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene family plays a vital role in substance transportation, including secondary metabolites, and phytohormones across membranous structures. It is still uncovered in potato (Solanum tuberosum), grown worldwide as a 3rd important food crop. The current study identified a total of 54 Stabc genes in potato genome. The accumulative phylogenetic tree of Stabc with arabidopsis, divided into eight groups (ABCA to ABCH). ABCG was the most prominent group covering 90% of Stabc genes, followed by ABCB group. The number and architecture of exon-intron varied from gene to gene. In addition, the presence of stress-responsive elements in the regulatory regions depicted their role in environmental stress. Furthermore, the tissue-specific and stress-specific expression profiling of Stabc genes and their validation through real-time-qPCR analysis revealed their role in development and stress. The presented results provided useful information for further functional analysis of Stabc genes and can also use as a reference study for other important crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Zaynab
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 51807, Guangdong, China
| | - Zongkang Wang
- Shenzhen Batian Ecotypic Engineering Company Limited, Shenzhen, 518105, China
| | - Athar Hussain
- Genomics Lab, Department of Life Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Khalida Bahadar
- National Agriculture Research Center, PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mateen Sajid
- Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Sharif
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Muhammad Azam
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kalsoom Sughra
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Hafiz Hayat Campus University of Gujrat, Gujrat City, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Raza
- Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Postharvest and Processing Technology Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 51807, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Prusińska JM, Boniecka J, Dąbrowska GB, Goc A. Identification and characterization of the Ipomoea nil RelA/SpoT Homologs (InRSHs) and potential directions of their transcriptional regulation. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 284:161-176. [PMID: 31084869 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the stringent response has been known for more than half a century and has been well studied in bacteria, only the research of the past 19 years revealed that the homologous mechanism is conserved in plants. The plant RelA/SpoT Homolog (RSH) genes have been identified and characterized in a limited number of plant species, whereas products of their catalytic activities, (p)ppGpp (alarmones), have been shown to accumulate mainly in chloroplasts. Here, we identified full-length sequences of the Ipomoea nil RSH genes (InRSH1, InRSH2 and InCRSH), determined their copy number in the I. nil genome as well as the structural conservancy between InRSHs and their Arabidopsis and rice orthologs. We showed that InRSHs are differentially expressed in I. nil organ tissues and that only InRSH2 is upregulated in response to salt, osmotic and drought stress. Our results of the E. coli relA/spoT mutant complementation test suggest that InRSH1 is likely a (p)ppGpp hydrolase, InCRSH - synthetase and InRSH2 shows both activities. Finally, we referred our results to the recently published I. nil genomic and proteomic data and uncovered the complexity of the I. nil RSH family as well as potential ways of the InRSH transcriptional regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M Prusińska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Department of Genetics, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Justyna Boniecka
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Department of Genetics, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Grażyna B Dąbrowska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Department of Genetics, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Goc
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Department of Genetics, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Transcript profiling and gene expression analysis under drought stress in Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wright & Arn. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:163-174. [PMID: 29417346 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Drought is one of the prime abiotic stresses responsible for limiting agricultural productivity. A number of drought responsive genes have been isolated and functionally characterized but these studies have been restricted to a few model plant systems. Very few drought responsive genes have been reported till date from non model drought tolerant plants. The present study aimed at identifying differentially expressed genes from a drought tolerant, non-model plant, Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. One month old seedlings of Z. nummularia were subjected to drought stress by 30% Polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) treatment for 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. A significant reduction in RWC and increase in proline was observed at 24 h and 48 h of treatment. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library was constructed with drought stressed seedlings after 24 h and 48 h of PEG 6000 treatment. A total of 142 and 530 unigenes from 24 h and 48 h library were identified respectively. Gene ontology studies revealed that about 9.78% and 15.07% unigenes from 24 h and 48 h SSH libraries were expressed in "response to stress". Fifteen putative drought responsive genes identified in SSH library were validated for drought responsive differential expression by RT-qPCR. Significant changes in fold expressions were observed with time in the treated samples compared to the control. A heat map revealing the expression profile of genes was constructed by hierarchical clustering. Various genes identified in SSH libraries can serve as a resource for marker discovery and selection of candidate genes to improve drought tolerance in other susceptible crops.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jagodzik P, Tajdel-Zielinska M, Ciesla A, Marczak M, Ludwikow A. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascades in Plant Hormone Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1387. [PMID: 30349547 PMCID: PMC6187979 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling targets, including other kinases, enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins or transcription factors, in all eukaryotic cells. A typical MAPK cascade consists of at least three sequentially acting serine/threonine kinases, a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) and finally, the MAP kinase (MAPK) itself, with each phosphorylating, and hence activating, the next kinase in the cascade. Recent advances in our understanding of hormone signaling pathways have led to the discovery of new regulatory systems. In particular, this research has revealed the emerging role of crosstalk between the protein components of various signaling pathways and the involvement of this crosstalk in multiple cellular processes. Here we provide an overview of current models and mechanisms of hormone signaling with a special emphasis on the role of MAPKs in cell signaling networks. One-sentence summary: In this review we highlight the mechanisms of crosstalk between MAPK cascades and plant hormone signaling pathways and summarize recent findings on MAPK regulation and function in various cellular processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Jagodzik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tajdel-Zielinska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agata Ciesla
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Marczak
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwikow
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
- *Correspondence: Agnieszka Ludwikow,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boniecka J, Prusińska J, Dąbrowska GB, Goc A. Within and beyond the stringent response-RSH and (p)ppGpp in plants. PLANTA 2017; 246:817-842. [PMID: 28948393 PMCID: PMC5633626 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant RSH proteins are able to synthetize and/or hydrolyze unusual nucleotides called (p)ppGpp or alarmones. These molecules regulate nuclear and chloroplast transcription, chloroplast translation and plant development and stress response. Homologs of bacterial RelA/SpoT proteins, designated RSH, and products of their activity, (p)ppGpp-guanosine tetra-and pentaphosphates, have been found in algae and higher plants. (p)ppGpp were first identified in bacteria as the effectors of the stringent response, a mechanism that orchestrates pleiotropic adaptations to nutritional deprivation and various stress conditions. (p)ppGpp accumulation in bacteria decreases transcription-with exception to genes that help to withstand or overcome current stressful situations, which are upregulated-and translation as well as DNA replication and eventually reduces metabolism and growth but promotes adaptive responses. In plants, RSH are nuclei-encoded and function in chloroplasts, where alarmones are produced and decrease transcription, translation, hormone, lipid and metabolites accumulation and affect photosynthetic efficiency and eventually plant growth and development. During senescence, alarmones coordinate nutrient remobilization and relocation from vegetative tissues into seeds. Despite the high conservancy of RSH protein domains among bacteria and plants as well as the bacterial origin of plant chloroplasts, in plants, unlike in bacteria, (p)ppGpp promote chloroplast DNA replication and division. Next, (p)ppGpp may also perform their functions in cytoplasm, where they would promote plant growth inhibition. Furthermore, (p)ppGpp accumulation also affects nuclear gene expression, i.a., decreases the level of Arabidopsis defense gene transcripts, and promotes plants susceptibility towards Turnip mosaic virus. In this review, we summarize recent findings that show the importance of RSH and (p)ppGpp in plant growth and development, and open an area of research aiming to understand the function of plant RSH in response to stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Boniecka
- Department of Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Justyna Prusińska
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Grażyna B Dąbrowska
- Department of Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Anna Goc
- Department of Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar R, Bohra A, Pandey AK, Pandey MK, Kumar A. Metabolomics for Plant Improvement: Status and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1302. [PMID: 28824660 PMCID: PMC5545584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Post-genomics era has witnessed the development of cutting-edge technologies that have offered cost-efficient and high-throughput ways for molecular characterization of the function of a cell or organism. Large-scale metabolite profiling assays have allowed researchers to access the global data sets of metabolites and the corresponding metabolic pathways in an unprecedented way. Recent efforts in metabolomics have been directed to improve the quality along with a major focus on yield related traits. Importantly, an integration of metabolomics with other approaches such as quantitative genetics, transcriptomics and genetic modification has established its immense relevance to plant improvement. An effective combination of these modern approaches guides researchers to pinpoint the functional gene(s) and the characterization of massive metabolites, in order to prioritize the candidate genes for downstream analyses and ultimately, offering trait specific markers to improve commercially important traits. This in turn will improve the ability of a plant breeder by allowing him to make more informed decisions. Given this, the present review captures the significant leads gained in the past decade in the field of plant metabolomics accompanied by a brief discussion on the current contribution and the future scope of metabolomics to accelerate plant improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UoH)Hyderabad, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Abhishek Bohra
- Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR)Kanpur, India
| | - Arun K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Manish K. Pandey
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)Hyderabad, India
| | - Anirudh Kumar
- Department of Botany, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (IGNTU)Amarkantak, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiao X, Tang Z, Li X, Hong Y, Li B, Xiao W, Gao Z, Lin D, Li C, Luo L, Niu X, He C, Chen Y. Overexpressing OsMAPK12-1 inhibits plant growth and enhances resistance to bacterial disease in rice. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:694-704. [PMID: 32480599 DOI: 10.1071/fp16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in plant growth and development, plant abiotic stresses signalling pathway and plant-pathogen interactions. However, little is known about the roles of MAPKs in modulating plant growth and pathogen resistance. In this study, we found that OsMAPK12-1, an alternatively spliced form of BWMK1 in rice (Oryza sativa L.), was induced by various elicitors, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, melatonin and bacterial pathogens. To further investigate the involvement of OsMAPK12-1 in plant growth and stress responses to bacterial pathogens, we constructed OsMAPK12-1 overexpression and knockdown (RNAi) transgenic rice lines. Interestingly, overexpressing OsMAP12-1 inhibited seed germination and seedling growth. Additionally, the OsMAP12-1-overexpression lines displayed enhanced disease resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99 and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola RS105, whereas the OsMAPK12-1-RNAi lines were more susceptible to these pathogens than wild type. These results suggest that OsMAPK12-1 plays a negative role in plant growth and positively modulates disease resistance against bacterial blight and streak in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Zhijuan Tang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xiuqiong Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yuhui Hong
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Boling Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Wenfang Xiao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Daozhe Lin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Lijuan Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Niu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilisation of Tropical Bioresource, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mirzahossini Z, Shabani L, Sabzalian MR, Sharifi-Tehrani M. ABC transporter and metallothionein expression affected by NI and Epichloe endophyte infection in tall fescue. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:13-19. [PMID: 26024809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Epichloe endophytes are symbiotic fungi which unlike mycorrhiza grow within aerial parts of host plants. The fungi may increase host tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the effect of endophyte infection on growth and tolerance, carbohydrate contents and ABC (ABC transporter) and MET (metallothionein) expression in the leaves of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) plants cultivated in Ni polluted soil were evaluated. The endophyte infected (E+) and non-infected (E-) fescue plants were cultivated in soil under different Ni concentrations (30, 90 and 180mgkg(-1)). Growth parameters including root, shoot, total biomass, tiller number and total chlorophyll content of plants and H2O2 content of shoots were measured at the end of experiment. Ni translocation to the shoots, carbohydrate contents in roots and expression of ABC and MET of the leaves were also measured after 10 weeks of growth. Results demonstrated the beneficial effect of endophyte association on growth and Ni tolerance of tall fescue under Ni stress through an avoidance mechanism (reduction of Ni accumulation and translocation to the shoots). Endophyte infected plants showed less ABC and MET expression compared to the endophyte free plants. In endophyte free plants, H2O2 production had a significant positive correlation with genes expression, indicating that an increase in H2O2 might be involved in the up-regulation of ABC and MET under Ni stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mirzahossini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sathyabhama M, Viswanathan R, Nandakumar M, Malathi P, Ramesh Sundar A. Understanding sugarcane defence responses during the initial phase of Colletotrichum falcatum pathogenesis by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmpp.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
15
|
ABCG Transporters and Their Role in the Biotic Stress Response. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06511-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
16
|
Abstract
Rice diseases such as blast (Magnaporthe oryzae), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) and bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae) are a major obstacle to achieving optimal yields. To complement conventional breeding method, molecular and transgenic method represents an increasingly important approach for genetic improvement of disease resistance and reduction of pesticide usage. During the past two decades, a wide variety of genes and mechanisms involved in rice defense response have been identified and elucidated. These include components of pathogen recognition, signal transduction, downstream defense-related proteins, and crosstalk among different signaling pathways. In addition, various molecular strategies including use of specialized promoters, modification of target protein structures have been studied and proposed to improve the effectiveness of transgenes. While genetically improving rice for enhanced disease resistance, it is important to consider potential effects of the transgene on rice yield, tolerance to abiotic stresses, and defense against other pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Helliwell
- Department of Plant Pathology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma R, De Vleesschauwer D, Sharma MK, Ronald PC. Recent advances in dissecting stress-regulatory crosstalk in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:250-60. [PMID: 23292878 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses impose a serious limitation on crop productivity worldwide. Prior or simultaneous exposure to one type of stress often affects the plant response to other stresses, indicating extensive overlap and crosstalk between stress-response signaling pathways. Systems biology approaches that integrate large genomic and proteomic data sets have facilitated identification of candidate genes that govern this stress-regulatory crosstalk. Recently, we constructed a yeast two-hybrid map around three rice proteins that control the response to biotic and abiotic stresses, namely the immune receptor XA21, which confers resistance to the Gram-negative bacterium, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; NH1, the rice ortholog of NPR1, a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance; and the ethylene-responsive transcription factor, SUB1A, which confers tolerance to submergence stress. These studies coupled with transcriptional profiling and co-expression analyses identified a suite of proteins that are positioned at the interface of biotic and abiotic stress responses, including mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (OsMPK5), wall-associated kinase 25 (WAK25), sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase-1 (SnRK1), SUB1A binding protein 23 (SAB23), and several WRKY family transcription factors. Emerging evidence suggests that these genes orchestrate crosstalk between biotic and abiotic stresses through a variety of mechanisms, including regulation of cellular energy homeostasis and modification of synergistic and/or antagonistic interactions between the stress hormones salicylic acid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology and Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Peng X, Hu Y, Tang X, Zhou P, Deng X, Wang H, Guo Z. Constitutive expression of rice WRKY30 gene increases the endogenous jasmonic acid accumulation, PR gene expression and resistance to fungal pathogens in rice. PLANTA 2012; 236:1485-98. [PMID: 22798060 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-012-1698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are crucial regulatory components of plant responses to pathogen infection. In the present study, we report isolation and functional characterization of the pathogen-responsive rice WRKY30 gene, whose transcripts accumulate rapidly in response to salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. Overexpression of WRKY30 in rice enhanced resistance to rice sheath blight fungus Rhizoctonia solani and blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. The enhanced resistance in the transgenic lines overexpressing WRKY30 was associated with activated expression of JA synthesis-related genes LOX, AOS2 and pathogenesis-related (PR)3 and PR10, and increased endogenous JA accumulation under the challenge of fungal pathogens. WRKY30 was nuclear-localized and had transcriptional activation ability in yeast cells, supporting that it functions as a transcription factor. Together, our findings indicate that JA plays a crucial role in the WRKY30-mediated defense responses to fungal pathogens, and that the rice WRKY30 seems promising as an important candidate gene to improve disease resistance in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixu Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan Rd., Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gupta SK, Rai AK, Kanwar SS, Chand D, Singh NK, Sharma TR. The single functional blast resistance gene Pi54 activates a complex defence mechanism in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:757-72. [PMID: 22058403 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Pi54 gene (Pi-k(h)) confers a high degree of resistance to diverse strains of the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In order to understand the genome-wide co-expression of genes in the transgenic rice plant Taipei 309 (TP) containing the Pi54 gene, microarray analysis was performed at 72 h post-inoculation of the M. oryzae strain PLP-1. A total of 1154 differentially expressing genes were identified in TP-Pi54 plants. Of these, 587 were up-regulated, whereas 567 genes were found to be down-regulated. 107 genes were found that were exclusively up-regulated and 58 genes that were down- regulated in the case of TP-Pi54. Various defence response genes, such as callose, laccase, PAL, and peroxidase, and genes related to transcription factors like NAC6, Dof zinc finger, MAD box, bZIP, and WRKY were found to be up-regulated in the transgenic line. The enzymatic activities of six plant defence response enzymes, such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, β-glucosidase, β-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase, were found to be significantly high in TP-Pi54 at different stages of inoculation by M. oryzae. The total phenol content also increased significantly in resistant transgenic plants after pathogen inoculation. This study suggests the activation of defence response and transcription factor-related genes and a higher expression of key enzymes involved in the defence response pathway in the rice line TP-Pi54, thus leading to incompatible host-pathogen interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Gupta
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Soria-Guerra RE, Rosales-Mendoza S, Chang S, Haudenshield JS, Zheng D, Rao SS, Hartman GL, Ghabrial SA, Korban SS. Identifying differentially expressed genes in leaves of Glycine tomentella in the presence of the fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi. PLANTA 2010; 232:1181-9. [PMID: 20711604 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
To compare transcription profiles in genotypes of Glycine tomentella that are differentially sensitive to soybean rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi, four cDNA libraries were constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization method. Libraries were constructed from rust-infected and non-infected leaves of resistant (PI509501) and susceptible (PI441101) genotypes of G. tomentella, and subjected to subtractive hybridization. A total of 1,536 sequences were obtained from these cDNA libraries from which 195 contigs and 865 singletons were identified. Of these sequenced cDNA clones, functions of 646 clones (61%) were determined. In addition, 160 clones (15%) had significant homology to hypothetical proteins; while the remaining 254 clones (24%) did not reveal any hits. Of those 646 clones with known functions, different genes encoding protein products involved in metabolism, cell defense, energy, protein synthesis, transcription, and cellular transport were identified. These findings were subsequently confirmed by real time RT-PCR and dot blot hybridization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61821, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kishi-Kaboshi M, Okada K, Kurimoto L, Murakami S, Umezawa T, Shibuya N, Yamane H, Miyao A, Takatsuji H, Takahashi A, Hirochika H. A rice fungal MAMP-responsive MAPK cascade regulates metabolic flow to antimicrobial metabolite synthesis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 63:599-612. [PMID: 20525005 PMCID: PMC2988419 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants recognize potential microbial pathogens through microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and activate a series of defense responses, including cell death and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diverse anti-microbial secondary metabolites. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are known to play a pivotal role in mediating MAMP signals; however, the signaling pathway from a MAPK cascade to the activation of defense responses is poorly understood. Here, we found in rice that the chitin elicitor, a fungal MAMP, activates two rice MAPKs (OsMPK3 and OsMPK6) and one MAPK kinase (OsMKK4). OsMPK6 was essential for the chitin elicitor-induced biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins. Conditional expression of the active form of OsMKK4 (OsMKK4(DD) ) induced extensive alterations in gene expression, which implied dynamic changes of metabolic flow from glycolysis to secondary metabolite biosynthesis while suppressing basic cellular activities such as translation and cell division. OsMKK4(DD) also induced various defense responses, such as cell death, biosynthesis of diterpenoid phytoalexins and lignin but not generation of extracellular ROS. OsMKK4(DD) -induced cell death and expression of diterpenoid phytoalexin pathway genes, but not that of phenylpropanoid pathway genes, were dependent on OsMPK6. Collectively, the OsMKK4-OsMPK6 cascade plays a crucial role in reprogramming plant metabolism during MAMP-triggered defense responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Kishi-Kaboshi
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okada
- Biotechnology Research Center, the University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Leona Kurimoto
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Meiji UniversityKawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto UniversityGokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naoto Shibuya
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Meiji UniversityKawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yamane
- Biotechnology Research Center, the University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akio Miyao
- Division of Genome and Biodiversity Research, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takatsuji
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Hirochika
- Division of Genome and Biodiversity Research, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sahu PP, Rai NK, Chakraborty S, Singh M, Chandrappa PH, Ramesh B, Chattopadhyay D, Prasad M. Tomato cultivar tolerant to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus infection induces virus-specific short interfering RNA accumulation and defence-associated host gene expression. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2010; 11:531-44. [PMID: 20618710 PMCID: PMC6640424 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) infection causes significant yield loss in tomato. The availability of a conventional tolerance source against this virus is limited in tomato. To understand the molecular mechanism of virus tolerance in tomato, the abundance of viral genomic replicative intermediate molecules and virus-directed short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by the host plant in a naturally tolerant cultivar H-88-78-1 and a susceptible cultivar Punjab Chhuhara at different time points after agroinfection was studied. We report that less abundance of viral replicative intermediate in the tolerant cultivar may have a correlation with a relatively higher accumulation of virus-specific siRNAs. To study defence-related host gene expression in response to ToLCNDV infection, the suppression subtractive hybridization technique was used. A library was prepared from tolerant cultivar H-88-78-1 between ToLCNDV-inoculated and Agrobacterium mock-inoculated plants of this cultivar at 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). A total of 106 nonredundant transcripts was identified and classified into 12 different categories according to their putative functions. By reverse Northern analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we identified the differential expression pattern of 106 transcripts, 34 of which were up-regulated (>2.5-fold induction). Of these, eight transcripts showed more than four fold induction. qRT-PCR analysis was carried out to obtain comparative expression profiling of these eight transcripts between Punjab Chhuhara and H-88-78-1 on ToLCNDV infection. The expression patterns of these transcripts showed a significant increase in differential expression in the tolerant cultivar, mostly at 14 and 21 dpi, in comparison with that in the susceptible cultivar, as analysed by qRT-PCR. The probable direct and indirect relationship of siRNA accumulation and up-regulated transcripts with the ToLCNDV tolerance mechanism is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Pankaj Sahu
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu X, Li Y, Wang L, Liu X, Wang C, Wang L, Pan Q. The effect of the rice blast resistance gene Pi36 on the expression of disease resistance-related genes. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-010-3264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
24
|
Jiang H, Song W, Li A, Yang X, Sun D. Identification of genes differentially expressed in cauliflower associated with resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:621-9. [PMID: 20397055 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pammel) Dowson (Xcc), is one of the most damaging diseases of cauliflower and other crucifers. In order to investigate the molecular resistance mechanisms and to find the genes related to black rot resistance in cauliflower, a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library was constructed using resistant line C712 and its susceptible near-isogenic line C731 as tester and driver, respectively. A total of 280 clones were obtained from the library by reverse northern blotting. Sequencing analysis and homology searching showed that these clones represent 202 unique sequences. The library included many defense/disease-resistant related genes, such as plant defensin gene PDF1.2, lipid transfer protein, thioredoxin h. Gene expression profiles of 12 genes corresponding to different functional categories were monitored by real-time RT-PCR. The results showed that the expression induction of these genes in the susceptible line C712 in response to Xcc was quicker and more intense, while in C731 the reaction was delayed and limited. Our results imply that these up-regulated genes might be involved in cauliflower responses against Xcc infection. Information obtained from this study could be used to understand the molecular mechanisms of disease response in cauliflower under Xcc stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanmin Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Smith CM, Liu X, Wang LJ, Liu X, Chen MS, Starkey S, Bai J. Aphid feeding activates expression of a transcriptome of oxylipin-based defense signals in wheat involved in resistance to herbivory. J Chem Ecol 2010; 36:260-76. [PMID: 20229216 PMCID: PMC3831272 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Damage by the Russian wheat aphid (RWA), Diuraphis noxia, significantly reduces wheat and barley yields worldwide. In compatible interactions, virulent RWA populations flourish and susceptible plants suffer extensive leaf chlorophyll loss. In incompatible interactions, RWA reproduction and population growth are significantly reduced and RWA-related chlorophyll loss in resistant plants is minor. The objectives of this study were to develop an understanding of the molecular and phytochemical bases of RWA resistance in plants containing the Dnx resistance gene. Microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and phytohormone assays were conducted to identify transcriptome components unique to RWA-infested Dnx plants and susceptible (Dn0) plants, and to identify and characterize putative genes involved in Dnx plant defense responses. We found that RWA-infested Dnx plants upregulated >180 genes related to reactive oxygen species, signaling, pathogen defense, and arthropod allelochemical and physical defense. The expression of several of these genes in RWA-infested Dnx plants increased significantly from 6- to 24-h post infestation (hpi), but their expression in Dn0 plants, when present, was delayed until 48- to 96 hpi. Concentrations of 16- and 18-carbon fatty acids, trans-methyl-12-oxophytodienoic acid, and abscisic acid were significantly greater in Dnx foliage than in Dn0 foliage after RWA infestation, suggesting that Dnx RWA defense and resistance genes may be regulated via the oxylipin pathway. These findings provide a foundation for the elucidation of the molecular basis for compatible- and incompatible plant-aphid interactions.
Collapse
|
26
|
Vannini L, Ciolfi S, Spinsanti G, Panti C, Frati F, Dallai R. The putative-farnesoic acid O-methyl transferase (FAMeT) gene of Ceratitis capitata: characterization and pre-imaginal life expression. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 73:106-117. [PMID: 20077571 DOI: 10.1002/arch.20344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoic acid O-methyl transferase (FAMeT) is the enzyme involved in the penultimate step of insect juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis and is thus a key regulator in insect development and reproduction. We report the characterization of the putative-FAMeT in the medfly or Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. This gene was identified by suppressive subtractive hybridization and completely sequenced by the screening of a medfly cDNA library. The obtained sequence was analyzed for conserved protein domain identification and its expression profile was evaluated by quantitative Real-Time PCR in medfly pre-imaginal life. The tissue expression of the isolated gene was verified by in situ hybridization on third instar larvae sections. The characterization of the isolated gene pointed out several typical features of methyl transferase genes. The pre-imaginal putative-FAMeT expression levels were consistent with JH titer change in Diptera. As recognized in some crustaceans, this gene seems to be widely expressed in the medfly as well. Ceratitis capitata is one of the most relevant agricultural pests against which insecticides and the sterile insect technique (SIT) are extensively used in spite of the well-known limitations of these approaches. Although results are not conclusive for the physiological role of the isolated gene, they suggest the characterization of a new gene in the Mediterranean fruit fly potentially involved in JH biosynthesis and may, therefore, have implications for pest control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vannini
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Siena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kato T, Tanabe S, Nishimura M, Ohtake Y, Nishizawa Y, Shimizu T, Jikumaru Y, Koga J, Okada K, Yamane H, Minami E. Differential responses of rice to inoculation with wild-type and non-pathogenic mutants of Magnaporthe oryzae. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 70:617-625. [PMID: 19418231 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-009-9495-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the response of rice to Magnaporthe oryzae infection using two mutant strains deficient in Mgb1 and Mst12, which are essential for the development of appresoria and penetration pegs. Both mutants induced the much lower levels of accumulation of phytoalexins than wild-type, suggesting that the massive production of phytoalexins requires the fungal invasion of rice cells. Intense accumulation of H2O2 in a single whole cell also required fungal penetration. Microarray analysis of rice gene expression revealed mutant-specific gene expression, indicating that signal exchange between rice and M. oryzae commence before fungal penetration of the rice cell. In situ detection of mRNAs for peroxidase and beta-1,3-glucanase showed that expression of these genes also occurs after penetration as observed for phytoalexin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Kato
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kan'non dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liao M, Li Y, Wang Z. Identification of elicitor-responsive proteins in rice leaves by a proteomic approach. Proteomics 2009; 9:2809-19. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
29
|
Yuan K, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Wang M, Huang M. Identification of differentially expressed proteins in poplar leaves induced by Marssonina brunnea f. sp. Multigermtubi. J Genet Genomics 2009; 35:49-60. [PMID: 18222409 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(08)60007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Black spot disease in poplar is a disease of the leaf caused by fungus. The major pathogen is Marssonina brunnea f. sp. multigermtubi. To date, little is known about the molecular mechanism of poplar (M. brunnea) interaction. In order to identify the proteins related to disease resistance and understand its molecular basis, the clone "NL895" (P. euramericana CL"NL895"), which is highly resistant to M. brunnea f. sp. multigermtubi, was used in this study. We used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify the proteins in poplar leaves that were differentially expressed in response to black spot disease pathogen, M. brunnea f. sp. multigermtubi. Proteins extracted from poplar leaves at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after pathogen-inoculation were separated by 2-DE. About 500 reproducible protein spots were detected, of which 40 protein spots displayed differential expression in levels and were subjected to Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) followed by database searching. According to the function, the identified proteins were sorted into five categories, that is, protein synthesis, metabolism, defense response and unclassified proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Gene Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cosse A, Potin P, Leblanc C. Patterns of gene expression induced by oligoguluronates reveal conserved and environment-specific molecular defense responses in the brown alga Laminaria digitata. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 182:239-250. [PMID: 19192194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
* Until now, no information has been available on the transcriptional response to the transduction of defense signals in brown seaweeds that leads to active resistance against pathogens or grazers. * Using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based, subtractive cDNA approach combined with filter arrays we demonstrated that Laminaria digitata exhibits a rapid response to oligoguluronate elicitors. The transcription levels of several genes were validated by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR and further analysed using pharmacological approaches. * Fifty upregulated genes were identified by differential screening in elicited algae over a 24-h time-course. These genes were related to oxidative stress responses, production of antimicrobial secondary compounds or cell wall strengthening. Moreover, pharmacological tests showed that intracellular signal transduction is likely to involve reactive oxygen species. A new oligoguluronate-inducible vanadium-dependent haloperoxidase (vHPO), specific to iodide was also characterized. The transcription of several vHPO genes was shown to be tightly regulated. * Taken together, our data show that early transcriptional defense responses in L. digitata are similar to those in land plants but also include novel defense responses that involve tightly regulated iodine metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Cosse
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie et Curie (UPMC)-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique, BP 74, F-29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Philippe Potin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie et Curie (UPMC)-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique, BP 74, F-29682, Roscoff, France
| | - Catherine Leblanc
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie et Curie (UPMC)-Paris 6, UMR 7139 Végétaux marins et Biomolécules, Station Biologique, BP 74, F-29682, Roscoff, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Campo S, Manrique S, García-Martínez J, San Segundo B. Production of cecropin A in transgenic rice plants has an impact on host gene expression. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2008; 6:585-608. [PMID: 18444970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2008.00339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the cecropin A gene in rice confers resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction-based suppression subtractive hybridization approach was used to generate a cDNA macroarray from the elite japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar 'Senia'. Gene expression studies revealed that the expression of components of the protein secretory and vesicular transport machinery is co-ordinately activated at the pre-invasive stage of infection of rice by the blast fungus. Comparisons of gene expression between wild-type and cecropin A plants revealed the over-expression of genes involved in protection against oxidative stress in transgenic plants in the absence of the pathogen, which correlated well with the tolerance of these plants to oxidative stress. A subcellular fractionation analysis suggested that cecropin A accumulates in the endoplasmic reticulum in cecropin A rice. Moreover, a large number of genes related to the processes of synthesis, folding and stabilization of proteins that enter into the secretory pathway are over-expressed in cecropin A rice, confirming that these plants constitutively express the unfolded protein response. Transgenic expression of cecropin A in rice has an effect on the transcriptional reprogramming that accompanies plant adaptation to fungal infection. Overall, this study provides evidence for transgene-induced changes in gene expression in cecropin A rice under both optimal growth conditions and stress conditions imposed by fungal infection. The data also indicate that resistance to blast in cecropin A rice may be the consequence of a combination of the antifungal activity of cecropin A and cecropin A-mediated over-expression of rice genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Campo
- Consorcio CSIC-IRTA Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cheung MY, Zeng NY, Tong SW, Li WYF, Xue Y, Zhao KJ, Wang C, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Sun Z, Sun SSM, Lam HM. Constitutive expression of a rice GTPase-activating protein induces defense responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2008; 179:530-545. [PMID: 19086295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
G-proteins (guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that usually exhibit GTPase activities) and related signal transduction processes play important roles in mediating plant defense responses; here, a rice (Oryza sativa) cDNA clone, OsGAP1, encoding a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) that also contains a protein kinase C conserved region 2 (C2) domain is reported. An interacting G-protein partner for the OsGAP1 protein was identified by yeast two-hybrid library screening and confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation; the GTPase-activation activity of OsGAP1 on this interacting G-protein was demonstrated using in vitro assays. OsGAP1 was induced by wounding in rice and the presence of the R locus Xa14 enhances such induction. Gain-of-function tests in transgenic rice and Arabidopsis thaliana showed that constitutive expression of OsGAP1 led to increased resistance to bacterial pathogens in both monocots and dicots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yan Cheung
- Department of Biology and
- State (China) Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | | | - Suk-Wah Tong
- Department of Biology and
- State (China) Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wing-Yen Francisca Li
- Department of Biology and
- State (China) Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yan Xue
- State (China) Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kai-Jun Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlian Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Fu
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zongxiu Sun
- China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Samuel Sai-Ming Sun
- Department of Biology and
- State (China) Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Department of Biology and
- State (China) Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang G, Gao Y, Yang L, Shi J. Identification and analysis of differentially expressed genes in differentiating xylem of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) by suppression subtractive hybridization. Genome 2008; 50:1141-55. [PMID: 18059541 DOI: 10.1139/g07-091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an important raw material for global industries with rapidly increasing demand. To isolate the genes differentially expressed during xylogenesis of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.), we used a novel system. Forward and reverse subtracted cDNA libraries were constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization method; for the forward library we used cDNA from the mutant Dugansha as the tester and cDNA from the wild-type clone Jurong 0 as the driver, and for the reverse library we used Jurong 0 cDNA as the tester and Dugansha cDNA as the driver. Transcriptional profiling was performed using a macroarray with 4 digoxigenin-labeled probes. We obtained 618 and 409 clones from the forward and the reverse subtracted library, respectively. A total of 405 unique expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained. Forty percent of the ESTs exhibited homologies with proteins of known function and fell into 4 major classes: metabolism, cell wall biogenesis and remodeling, signal transduction, and stress. Real-time PCR was performed to confirm the results. The expression levels of 11 selected ESTs were consistent with both macroarray and real-time PCR results. The systematic analysis of genes involved in wood formation in Chinese fir provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in xylem differentiation and is an important resource for forest research that can be directed toward understanding the genetic control of wood formation and future endeavors to modify wood and fiber properties for industrial use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guifeng Wang
- National Forestry Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Gene Engineering, and College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road No. 159, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhao CJ, Wang AR, Shi YJ, Wang LQ, Liu WD, Wang ZH, Lu GD. Identification of defense-related genes in rice responding to challenge by Rhizoctonia solani. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2008; 116:501-16. [PMID: 18075727 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the major diseases of rice. The pathogen infects rice plants directly through stomata or using lobate appressoria and hyphal masses called infection cushions. The infection structures were normally found at 36 h post-inoculation. During infection, the pathogenesis-related genes, PR1b and PBZ1 were induced in rice plants. To identify rice genes induced early in the defense response, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to generate a cDNA library enriched for transcripts differentially expressed during infection by R. solani. After differential screening by membrane-based hybridization and subsequent confirmation by reverse Northern blot analysis, selected clones were sequenced. Fifty unique cDNA clones were found and assigned to five different functional categories. Most of the genes were not previously identified as being induced in response to pathogens. We examined expression of 100 rice genes induced by infection with Magnaporthe grisea, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryze (Xoo) and X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xooc). Twenty-five of them were found to be differentially expressed after the sheath blight infection, suggesting overlap of defense responses to different fungal and bacterial pathogens infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jiang Zhao
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bhadauria V, Popescu L, Zhao WS, Peng YL. Fungal transcriptomics. Microbiol Res 2007; 162:285-98. [PMID: 17707620 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2007.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have now entered in the post-genomic era, where we have knowledge of plethora of fungal genomes and cutting edge technology is available to study global mRNA, protein and metabolite profiles. These so-called 'omic' technologies (transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) provide the possibility to characterize plant-pathogen interactions and pathogenesis at molecular level. This article provides an overview of transcriptomics and its applications in fungal plant pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Bhadauria
- The MOA Key Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mishra RN, Reddy PS, Nair S, Markandeya G, Reddy AR, Sopory SK, Reddy MK. Isolation and characterization of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from subtracted cDNA libraries of Pennisetum glaucum seedlings. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 64:713-32. [PMID: 17558562 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-007-9193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), used as forage and grain crop is a stress tolerant species. Here we identify differentially regulated transcripts in response to abiotic (salinity, drought and cold) stresses from subtracted cDNA libraries by single-pass sequencing of cDNA clones. A total of 2,494 EST sequences were clustered and assembled into a collection of 1,850 unique sequences with 224 contigs and 1,626 singleton sequences. By sequence comparisons the putative functions of many ESTs could be assigned. Genes with stress related functions include those involved in cellular defense against abiotic stresses and transcripts for proteins involved in stress response signaling and transcription in addition to ESTs encoding unknown functions. These provide new candidate genes for investigation to elucidate their role in abiotic stress. The relative mRNA abundance of 38 selected genes, quantified using real time quantitative RT-PCR, demonstrated the existence of a complex gene regulatory network that differentially modulates gene expression in a kinetics-specific manner in response to different abiotic stresses. Notably, housekeeping and non-target genes were effectively reduced in these subtracted cDNA libraries constructed. These EST sequences are a rich source of stress-related genes and reveal a major part of the stress-response transcriptome that will provide the foundation for further studies into understanding Pennisetum's adaptability to harsh environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabi N Mishra
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Song D, Li G, Song F, Zheng Z. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of OsBISERK1, a gene encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, during disease resistance responses in rice. Mol Biol Rep 2007; 35:275-83. [PMID: 17520342 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-007-9080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A rice gene, OsBISERK1, encoding a protein belonging to SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK) type of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) was identified. The OsBISERK1 encodes a 624 aa protein with high level of identity to known plant SERKs. OsBISERK1 contains a hydrophobic signal peptide, a leucine zipper, and five leucine-rich repeat motifs in the extracellular domain; the cytoplasmic region carries a proline-rich region and a single transmembrane domain, as well as a conserved intracellular serine/threonine protein kinase domain. OsBISERK1 has a low level of basal expression in leaf tissue. However, expression of OsBISERK1 was induced by treatment with benzothiadiazole (BTH), which is capable of inducing disease resistance in rice, and also up-regulated after inoculation with Magnaporthe grisea in BTH-treated rice seedlings and during incompatible interaction between a blast-resistant rice genotype and M. grisea. The results suggest that OsBISERK1 may be involved in disease resistance responses in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, P.R. China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gowda M, Venu RC, Li H, Jantasuriyarat C, Chen S, Bellizzi M, Pampanwar V, Kim H, Dean RA, Stahlberg E, Wing R, Soderlund C, Wang GL. Magnaporthe grisea infection triggers RNA variation and antisense transcript expression in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2007; 144:524-33. [PMID: 17351054 PMCID: PMC1913787 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.095653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea, is an excellent model system to study plant-fungal interactions and host defense responses. In this study, comprehensive analysis of the rice (Oryza sativa) transcriptome after M. grisea infection was conducted using robust-long serial analysis of gene expression. A total of 83,382 distinct 21-bp robust-long serial analysis of gene expression tags were identified from 627,262 individual tags isolated from the resistant (R), susceptible (S), and control (C) libraries. Sequence analysis revealed that the tags in the R and S libraries had a significant reduced matching rate to the rice genomic and expressed sequences in comparison to the C library. The high level of one-nucleotide mismatches of the R and S library tags was due to nucleotide conversions. The A-to-G and U-to-C nucleotide conversions were the most predominant types, which were induced in the M. grisea-infected plants. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that expression of the adenine deaminase and cytidine deaminase genes was highly induced after inoculation. In addition, many antisense transcripts were induced in infected plants and expression of four antisense transcripts was confirmed by strand-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. These results demonstrate that there is a series of dynamic and complex transcript modifications and changes in the rice transcriptome at the M. grisea early infection stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malali Gowda
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mori M, Tomita C, Sugimoto K, Hasegawa M, Hayashi N, Dubouzet JG, Ochiai H, Sekimoto H, Hirochika H, Kikuchi S. Isolation and molecular characterization of a Spotted leaf 18 mutant by modified activation-tagging in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 63:847-60. [PMID: 17273822 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-006-9130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A lesion mimic mutant that we designated Spotted leaf 18 (Spl18) was isolated from 13,000 activation-tagging lines of rice produced by our modified activation-tagging vector and further characterized. Spl18 was dominant and its phenotype was linked to the T-DNA insertion. An ORF was located about 500 bp downstream of the inserted T-DNA, and the deduced protein, designated OsAT1, showed sequence similarity to an acyltransferase whose expression is induced by hypersensitive reaction in tobacco. The transcriptional level of OsAT1 was very low in the WT leaf blade but high in Spl18 leaf blade. In wild-type rice, OsAT1 was transcribed mainly in the young panicle, in the panicle just after heading, and in the leaf sheath. In addition, transcription of the genes for PR protein was upregulated in Spl18, accumulation of phytoalexins (both momilactone A and sakuranetin) was increased, and resistance to blast disease was improved. We then combined OsAT1 genomic DNA downstream of the modified 35S promoter and re-transformed it into rice. Lesion mimic and blast resistance phenotypes were detected in the transgenic lines produced, clearly indicating that overexpression of OsAT1 caused the Spl18 phenotypes. In addition, plants overexpressing OsAT1 showed resistance to bacterial blight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Mori
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kottapalli KR, Kottapalli P, Agrawal GK, Kikuchi S, Rakwal R. Recessive bacterial leaf blight resistance in rice: complexity, challenges and strategy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 355:295-301. [PMID: 17307154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical mapping and map-based cloning strategies are routinely used for identification of candidate genes for major qualitative traits in rice. Such strategies have enabled mapping and characterization of dominant bacterial leaf blight (blb) resistance genes, but little progress has been made in case of the recessive resistance genes. Two recent studies on map-based cloning of xa5 and xa13 recessive blb resistance genes identified the general transcription factor IIA gamma subunit (TFIIAgamma) and the nodulin MtN21 as candidates, respectively. Subsequently, two other reports have raised discussion on whether the identified candidates are indeed recessive resistance genes, and are sufficient to confer blb resistance in rice. Based on published evidence, and our extensive in silico analyses of the genomic environment around xa5 and xa13 regions, we propose that the recessive gene mediated resistance mechanism is more complex and might not be governed by a single gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kameswara R Kottapalli
- Plant Genome Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannon-dai Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vergne E, Ballini E, Marques S, Sidi Mammar B, Droc G, Gaillard S, Bourot S, DeRose R, Tharreau D, Nottéghem JL, Lebrun MH, Morel JB. Early and specific gene expression triggered by rice resistance gene Pi33 in response to infection by ACE1 avirulent blast fungus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2007; 174:159-171. [PMID: 17335506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.01971.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
* Our view of genes involved in rice disease resistance is far from complete. Here we used a gene-for-gene relationship corresponding to the interaction between atypical avirulence gene ACE1 from Magnaporthe grisea and rice resistance gene Pi33 to better characterize early rice defence responses induced during such interaction. * Rice genes differentially expressed during early stages of Pi33/ACE1 interaction were identified using DNA chip-based differential hybridization and QRT-PCR survey of the expression of known and putative regulators of disease resistance. * One hundred genes were identified as induced or repressed during rice defence response, 80% of which are novel, including resistance gene analogues. Pi33/ACE1 interaction also triggered the up-regulation of classical PR defence genes and a massive down-regulation of chlorophyll a/b binding genes. Most of these differentially expressed genes were induced or repressed earlier in Pi33/ACE1 interaction than in the gene-for-gene interaction involving Nipponbare resistant cultivar. * Besides demonstrating that an ACE1/Pi33 interaction induced classical and specific expression patterns, this work provides a list of new genes likely to be involved in rice disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Vergne
- UMR BGPI INRA/CIRAD/AgroM, Campus International de Baillarguet, T41/K 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - E Ballini
- UMR BGPI INRA/CIRAD/AgroM, Campus International de Baillarguet, T41/K 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - S Marques
- UMR BGPI INRA/CIRAD/AgroM, Campus International de Baillarguet, T41/K 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - B Sidi Mammar
- UMR BGPI INRA/CIRAD/AgroM, Campus International de Baillarguet, T41/K 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - G Droc
- UMR PIA CIRAD TA40/03 Avenue Agropolis 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S Gaillard
- UMR PIA CIRAD TA40/03 Avenue Agropolis 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - S Bourot
- Bayer BioScience NV, Technologiepark 38, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - R DeRose
- Bayer BioScience NV, Technologiepark 38, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - D Tharreau
- UMR BGPI INRA/CIRAD/AgroM, Campus International de Baillarguet, T41/K 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - J-L Nottéghem
- UMR BGPI INRA/CIRAD/AgroM, Campus International de Baillarguet, T41/K 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - M-H Lebrun
- UMR 2579 CNRS, BayerCropscience, 14-20 Rue Pierre Baizet BP 9163, 69263 Lyon Cedex 09, France
| | - J-B Morel
- UMR BGPI INRA/CIRAD/AgroM, Campus International de Baillarguet, T41/K 34398 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lotan-Pompan M, Cohen R, Yarden O, Portnoy V, Burger Y, Katzir N. Trifluralin herbicide-induced resistance of melon to fusarium wilt involves expression of stress- and defence-related genes. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2007; 8:9-22. [PMID: 20507475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY To identify genes involved in trifluralin herbicide-induced resistance of melon to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) and cDNA-amplified fragment-length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) were used. A total of 123 clones-60 of which have never been isolated from melon-were isolated, sequenced and annotated. A significant proportion (35%) of the total 123 clones exhibited similarity to genes that have been formerly described as stress- or defence-related. Thirty-two selected clones were subjected to a detailed expression analysis, one-third of which were found to be up-regulated in response to trifluralin treatment and/or fusarium inoculation. The putative roles of seven of these clones in stress are discussed. Furthermore, the expression of four stress-related and up-regulated genes was enhanced when the plants were subjected to salinity stress, suggesting that trifluralin induces a general stress response which protects the plant against fusarium wilt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Lotan-Pompan
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 1021, Ramat-Yishay 30095, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu R, Song F, Zheng Z. OsBISAMT1, a gene encoding S-adenosyl-L-methionine: salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase, is differentially expressed in rice defense responses. Mol Biol Rep 2006; 33:223-31. [PMID: 16850192 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-005-4823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We isolated and identified a full-length cDNA, OsBISAMT1 [Oryza sativa L. benzothiadiazole (BTH)-induced SAMT 1], which encodes a putative S-adenosyl-L: -methionine:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (SAMT) from rice. OsBISAMT1 contains an ORE of 1128 bp, which predicts to encode a 375 aa protein. The OsBISAMT1 protein sequence shows a high level of identity to known plant SAMTs and contains a conserved characteristic methyltransferase domain. OsBISAMT1 is a member of a small gene family in the rice genome. Expression of OsBISAMT1 in rice leaves was induced by treatments with benzothiadiazole and salicylic acid, which are capable of inducing rice disease resistance. OsBISAMT1 was also up-regulated in both incompatible and compatible interactions between rice and the blast fungus, Magnaporthe grsiea, but the induced expression of OsBISAMT1 was greater and more rapid in the incompatible interaction than that in the compatible one. Moreover, mechanical wounding also activated OsBISAMT1 expression. The results suggest that OsBISAMT1 may be involved in disease resistance responses as well as in wound response in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rirong Xu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mei C, Qi M, Sheng G, Yang Y. Inducible overexpression of a rice allene oxide synthase gene increases the endogenous jasmonic acid level, PR gene expression, and host resistance to fungal infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2006; 19:1127-37. [PMID: 17022177 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-19-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Many studies in dicotyledonous plants have shown that jasmonates, including jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate, are important signal molecules involved in induced resistance to pathogen infection and insect herbivory. However, very little genetic and molecular evidence is available to demonstrate their role in host defense response of rice and other economically important monocot plants. In this study, we have shown that exogenous application of JA was able to activate defense gene expression and local induced resistance in rice seedlings against the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea). Furthermore, we have characterized a pathogen-inducible rice OsAOS2 gene (which encodes allene oxide synthase, a key enzyme in the JA biosynthetic pathway) and examined the role of endogenous JA in rice defense response through transgenic manipulation of the JA biosynthesis. Sequence analysis indicated that OsAOS2 contains four common domains of the cytochrome P450 enzyme, but does not have the signal peptide for chloroplast targeting. The basal level of OsAOS2 expression is very low in leaves but relatively high in the sheath, culm, and flower of rice plants. Interestingly, the expression of OsAOS2 in rice leaves can be induced significantly upon M. grisea infection. Transgenic rice lines carrying the OsAOS2 transgene under the control of a strong, pathogen-inducible PBZ1 promoter accumulated abundant OsAOS2 transcripts and higher levels of JA, especially after the pathogen infection. These transgenic lines also exhibited enhanced activation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes such as PR1a, PR3, and PR5 and increased resistance to M. grisea infection. Our results suggest that JA plays a significant role in PR gene induction and blast resistance in rice plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Mei
- Department of Plant Pathology and Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72071, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Goswami RS, Xu JR, Trail F, Hilburn K, Kistler HC. Genomic analysis of host-pathogen interaction between Fusarium graminearum and wheat during early stages of disease development. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2006; 152:1877-1890. [PMID: 16735750 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum strains responsible for causing the plant disease Fusarium head blight vary greatly in their ability to cause disease and produce mycotoxins on wheat. With the goal of understanding fungal gene expression related to pathogenicity, three cDNA libraries were created by suppression subtractive hybridization using wheat heads inoculated with a highly aggressive strain and either water or a less aggressive strain of this pathogen. Eighty-four fungal genes expressed during initial disease development were identified. The probable functions of 49 of these genes could be inferred by bioinformatic analysis. Thirty-five ESTs had no known homologues in current databases and were not identified by ab initio gene prediction methods. These ESTs from infected wheat heads probably represent F. graminearum genes that previously were not annotated. Four genes represented in one of these libraries were selected for targeted gene replacement, leading to the characterization of a two-component response regulator homologue involved in pathogenicity of the fungus. The mutants for this gene showed reduced sporulation and delayed spread of Fusarium head blight on wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubella S Goswami
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Frances Trail
- Department of Plant Biology and Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Karen Hilburn
- USDA ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - H Corby Kistler
- USDA ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Reyna NS, Yang Y. Molecular analysis of the rice MAP kinase gene family in relation to Magnaporthe grisea infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2006; 19:530-40. [PMID: 16673940 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-19-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a crucial role in plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. In Arabidopsis, 20 MAPKs have been identified and divided into four major groups. In rice, a monocot model and economically important cereal crop, only five MAPKs were characterized, including three related to the host defense response. In this study, we have identified 17 members of the rice MAPK gene (OsMPK) family through an in silico search of rice genome databases. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparison of Arabidopsis and rice MAPKs, we propose that MAPKs can be divided into six groups. Interestingly, the rice genome contains many more MAPKs with the TDY phosphorylation site (11 members) than with the TEY motif (six members). In contrast, the Arabidopsis genome contains more MAPKs with the TEY motif (12 members) than with the TDY motif (eight members). Upon inoculation with the blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea), nine of 17 OsMPK genes were found to be induced at the mRNA level during either early, late, or both stages of infection. Four of the M. grisea-induced OsMPK genes were associated with host-cell death in the lesion-mimic rice mutant, and eight of them were differentially induced in response to defense signal molecules such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene. The genome-wide expression analysis suggests that about half of the rice MAPK genes are associated with pathogen infection and host defense response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan S Reyna
- Department of Plant Pathology, Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Barsalobres-Cavallari C, De Rosa Júnior V, Nogueira F, Ferro J, Di Mauro S, Menossi M, Ulian E, Silva-Filho M. A novel system for large-scale gene expression analysis: bacterial colonies array. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 71:963-9. [PMID: 16538485 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we report the use of bacterial colonies to optimize macroarray technique. The devised system is significantly cheaper than other methods available to detect large-scale differential gene expression. Recombinant Escherichia coli clones containing plasmid-encoded copies of 4,608 individual expressed sequence tag (ESTs) were robotically spotted onto nylon membranes that were incubated for 6 and 12 h to allow the bacteria to grow and, consequently, amplify the cloned ESTs. The membranes were then hybridized with a beta-lactamase gene specific probe from the recombinant plasmid and, subsequently, phosphorimaged to quantify the microbial cells. Variance analysis demonstrated that the spot hybridization signal intensity was similar for 3,954 ESTs (85.8%) after 6 h of bacterial growth. Membranes spotted with bacteria colonies grown for 12 h had 4,017 ESTs (87.2%) with comparable signal intensity but the signal to noise ratio was fivefold higher. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that it is possible to investigate large-scale gene expression using macroarrays based on bacterial colonies grown for 6 h onto membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Barsalobres-Cavallari
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Pádua Dias 11, C.P. 83, 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hu HY, Zhuang JY, Chai RY, Wu JL, Fan YY, Zheng KL. Isolation and Characterization of Defense Response Genes Involved in Neck Blast Resistance of Rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 33:251-61. [PMID: 16553214 DOI: 10.1016/s0379-4172(06)60048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two cDNA libraries enriched for transcripts differentially expressed in plants of two rice lines with similar genetic backgrounds and same leaf blast resistance but different responses to neck blast using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). After differential screening and sequence analysis of the selected clones, 90 unique cDNA clones were found, of which 74 clones were with known functions according to the putative functions of their homologous genes in the database. They may be involved in pathogen response, signal transduction, transcription, etc. Expression differences of 17 out of the 26 selected cDNA clones in resistant and susceptible lines were confirmed by RT-PCR. Expression profilings of the 26 cDNA clones at the early stages after inoculation were also revealed by RT-PCR. This is the first report on the rice neck blast resistance at mRNA level and will facilitate the further study of genetic mechanism of neck blast resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Hu
- National Center for Rice Improvement and State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|