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Tennant P, Rampersad S, Alleyne A, Johnson L, Tai D, Amarakoon I, Roye M, Pitter P, Chang PG, Myers Morgan L. Viral Threats to Fruit and Vegetable Crops in the Caribbean. Viruses 2024; 16:603. [PMID: 38675944 PMCID: PMC11053604 DOI: 10.3390/v16040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses pose major global challenges to crop production as infections reduce the yield and quality of harvested products, hinder germplasm exchange, increase financial inputs, and threaten food security. Small island or archipelago habitat conditions such as those in the Caribbean are particularly susceptible as the region is characterized by high rainfall and uniform, warm temperatures throughout the year. Moreover, Caribbean islands are continuously exposed to disease risks because of their location at the intersection of transcontinental trade between North and South America and their role as central hubs for regional and global agricultural commodity trade. This review provides a summary of virus disease epidemics that originated in the Caribbean and those that were introduced and spread throughout the islands. Epidemic-associated factors that impact disease development are also discussed. Understanding virus disease epidemiology, adoption of new diagnostic technologies, implementation of biosafety protocols, and widespread acceptance of biotechnology solutions to counter the effects of cultivar susceptibility remain important challenges to the region. Effective integrated disease management requires a comprehensive approach that should include upgraded phytosanitary measures and continuous surveillance with rapid and appropriate responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tennant
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica;
- Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica; (D.T.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Sephra Rampersad
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and Tobago;
| | - Angela Alleyne
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados;
| | - Lloyd Johnson
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica;
| | - Deiondra Tai
- Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica; (D.T.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Icolyn Amarakoon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching and Research Complex, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica;
| | - Marcia Roye
- Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica; (D.T.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Patrice Pitter
- Biotechnology Centre, The University of the West Indies, Mona, St. Andrew JMAAW07, Jamaica; (D.T.); (M.R.); (P.P.)
- Ministry of Agriculture, Bodles Research Station, Old Harbour, St. Catherine JMACE18, Jamaica; (P.-G.C.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Peta-Gaye Chang
- Ministry of Agriculture, Bodles Research Station, Old Harbour, St. Catherine JMACE18, Jamaica; (P.-G.C.); (L.M.M.)
| | - Lisa Myers Morgan
- Ministry of Agriculture, Bodles Research Station, Old Harbour, St. Catherine JMACE18, Jamaica; (P.-G.C.); (L.M.M.)
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Prins TW, Scholtens IMJ, Bak AW, van Dijk JP, Voorhuijzen MM, Laurensse EJ, Kok EJ. A case study to determine the geographical origin of unknown GM papaya in routine food sample analysis, followed by identification of papaya events 16-0-1 and 18-2-4. Food Chem 2016; 213:536-544. [PMID: 27451215 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
During routine monitoring for GMOs in food in the Netherlands, papaya-containing food supplements were found positive for the genetically modified (GM) elements P-35S and T-nos. The goal of this study was to identify the unknown and EU unauthorised GM papaya event(s). A screening strategy was applied using additional GM screening elements including a newly developed PRSV coat protein PCR. The detected PRSV coat protein PCR product was sequenced and the nucleotide sequence showed identity to PRSV YK strains indigenous to China and Taiwan. The GM events 16-0-1 and 18-2-4 could be identified by amplifying and sequencing events-specific sequences. Further analyses showed that both papaya event 16-0-1 and event 18-2-4 were transformed with the same construct. For use in routine analysis, derived TaqMan qPCR methods for events 16-0-1 and 18-2-4 were developed. Event 16-0-1 was detected in all samples tested whereas event 18-2-4 was detected in one sample. This study presents a strategy for combining information from different sources (literature, patent databases) and novel sequence data to identify unknown GM papaya events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo W Prins
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid M J Scholtens
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Arno W Bak
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Akkermaalsbos 4, 6708 WB Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen P van Dijk
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Marleen M Voorhuijzen
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, Netherlands.
| | - Emile J Laurensse
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA), Catharijnesingel 59, 3511GG Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Esther J Kok
- RIKILT Wageningen UR, Institute of Food Safety, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, Netherlands.
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Roberts M, Minott DA, Pinnock S, Tennant PF, Jackson JC. Physicochemical and biochemical characterization of transgenic papaya modified for protection against Papaya ringspot virus. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1034-1038. [PMID: 23983097 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papaya, a nutritious tropical fruit, is consumed both in its fresh form and as a processed product worldwide. Major quality indices which include firmness, acidity, pH, colour and size, are cultivar dependent. Transgenic papayas engineered for resistance to Papaya ringspot virus were evaluated over the ripening period to address physicochemical quality attributes and food safety concerns. RESULTS With the exception of one transgenic line, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in firmness, acidity and pH. Lightness (L*) and redness (a*) of the pulps of non-transgenic and transgenic papaya were similar but varied over the ripening period (P < 0.05). Fruit mass, though non-uniform (P < 0.05) for some lines, was within the range reported for similar papaya cultivars, as were shape indices of female fruits. Transgene proteins, CP and NPTII, were not detected in fruit pulp at the table-ready stage. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that transformation did not produce any major unintended alterations in the physicochemical attributes of the transgenic papayas. Transgene proteins in the edible fruit pulp were low or undetectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeen Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica
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Azad MAK, Amin L, Sidik NM. Gene technology for papaya ringspot virus disease management. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:768038. [PMID: 24757435 PMCID: PMC3976845 DOI: 10.1155/2014/768038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya) is severely damaged by the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). This review focuses on the development of PRSV resistant transgenic papaya through gene technology. The genetic diversity of PRSV depends upon geographical distribution and the influence of PRSV disease management on a sequence of PRSV isolates. The concept of pathogen-derived resistance has been employed for the development of transgenic papaya, using a coat protein-mediated, RNA-silencing mechanism and replicase gene-mediated transformation for effective PRSV disease management. The development of PRSV-resistant papaya via post-transcriptional gene silencing is a promising technology for PRSV disease management. PRSV-resistant transgenic papaya is environmentally safe and has no harmful effects on human health. Recent studies have revealed that the success of adoption of transgenic papaya depends upon the application, it being a commercially viable product, bio-safety regulatory issues, trade regulations, and the wider social acceptance of the technology. This review discusses the genome and the genetic diversity of PRSV, host range determinants, molecular diagnosis, disease management strategies, the development of transgenic papaya, environmental issues, issues in the adoption of transgenic papaya, and future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abul Kalam Azad
- Centre for General Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Agricultural Extension, Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Latifah Amin
- Centre for General Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nik Marzuki Sidik
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Rao XQ, Li YY, Ruan XL, Yan C, Zhang SG, Li HP. Variation of Neomycin Phosphotransferase II Marker Gene in Transgenic Papaya Plants Under the Field Cultivation. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2012.723605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fermin G, Tennant P. Opportunities and constraints to biotechnological applications in the Caribbean: transgenic papayas in Jamaica and Venezuela. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:681-687. [PMID: 21212960 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this opinion article, we briefly review the status of crop biotechnology research-with emphasis on the development of GM crops-in Jamaica and Venezuela. We focus on the transgenic papayas developed for both countries, and examine the factors hindering not only the development and application of this biotechnological commodity for the improvement of agricultural productivity, but also on the challenges influencing societal acceptance of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Fermin
- Centro Jardín Botánico, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, 5101, Mérida, Venezuela,
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Tecson Mendoza EM, C Laurena A, Botella JR. Recent advances in the development of transgenic papaya technology. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2008; 14:423-62. [PMID: 18606373 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(08)00019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Papaya with resistance to papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the first genetically modified tree and fruit crop and also the first transgenic crop developed by a public institution that has been commercialized. This chapter reviews the different transformation systems used for papaya and recent advances in the use of transgenic technology to introduce important quality and horticultural traits in papaya. These include the development of the following traits in papaya: resistance to PRSV, mites and Phytophthora, delayed ripening trait or long shelf life by inhibiting ethylene production or reducing loss of firmness, and tolerance or resistance to herbicide and aluminum toxicity. The use of papaya to produce vaccine against tuberculosis and cysticercosis, an infectious animal disease, has also been explored. Because of the economic importance of papaya, there are several collaborative and independent efforts to develop PRSV transgenic papaya technology in 14 countries. This chapter further reviews the strategies and constraints in the adoption of the technology and biosafety to the environment and food safety. Constraints to adoption include public perception, strict and expensive regulatory procedures and intellectual property issues.
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Chin M, Rojas Y, Moret J, Fermin G, Tennant P, Gonsalves D. Varying genetic diversity of Papaya ringspot virus isolates from two time-separated outbreaks in Jamaica and Venezuela. Arch Virol 2007; 152:2101-6. [PMID: 17668274 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-1035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coat protein sequences of 22 Papaya ringspot virus isolates collected from different locations in Jamaica and Venezuela in 1999 and 2004, respectively, were determined and compared with sequences of isolates from earlier epidemics in 1990 and 1993. Jamaican isolates collected in 1999 exhibited nucleotide sequence identities between 98 and 100% but shared lower identities of 92.2% with an isolate collected in 1990. Isolates from the 2004 epidemic in Venezuela exhibited more heterogeneity, with identities between 88.7 and 98.8%. However, isolates collected in 1993 were more closely related (97.7%). The viral populations of the two countries are genetically different and appear to be changing at different rates; presumably driven by introductions, movement of plant materials, geographical isolation, and disease management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chin
- Biotechnology Centre, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Gonsalves
- USDA Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center 99 Aupuni St., Suite 204, Hilo, Hawaii 96720
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