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Hess RA, Park CJ, Soto S, Reinacher L, Oh JE, Bunnell M, Ko CJ. Male animal sterilization: history, current practices, and potential methods for replacing castration. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1409386. [PMID: 39027909 PMCID: PMC11255590 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1409386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sterilization and castration have been synonyms for thousands of years. Making an animal sterile meant to render them incapable of producing offspring. Castration or the physical removal of the testes was discovered to be the most simple but reliable method for managing reproduction and sexual behavior in the male. Today, there continues to be global utilization of castration in domestic animals. More than six hundred million pigs are castrated every year, and surgical removal of testes in dogs and cats is a routine practice in veterinary medicine. However, modern biological research has extended the meaning of sterilization to include methods that spare testis removal and involve a variety of options, from chemical castration and immunocastration to various methods of vasectomy. This review begins with the history of sterilization, showing a direct link between its practice in man and animals. Then, it traces the evolution of concepts for inducing sterility, where research has overlapped with basic studies of reproductive hormones and the discovery of testicular toxicants, some of which serve as sterilizing agents in rodent pests. Finally, the most recent efforts to use the immune system and gene editing to block hormonal stimulation of testis function are discussed. As we respond to the crisis of animal overpopulation and strive for better animal welfare, these novel methods provide optimism for replacing surgical castration in some species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex A. Hess
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Epivara, Inc, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Chan Jin Park
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Epivara, Inc, Champaign, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Ji-Eun Oh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Mary Bunnell
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - CheMyong J. Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Epivara, Inc, Champaign, IL, United States
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Jafari L, Safinejad K, Nasiri M, Heidari M, Houshmand M. The relationship between common mutations in CFTR, AR genes, Y chromosome microdeletions and karyotyping abnormalities with very severe oligozoospermia in Iranian men. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:519-529. [PMID: 35982373 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male infertility due to very severe oligozoospermia has been associated with some genetic risk factors. OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of the mutations in the CFTR gene, the CAG-repeat expansion of the AR gene, also Y chromosome microdeletions and karyotyping abnormalities in very severe oligozoospermia patients. METHODS In the present case-control study, 200 patients and 200 fertile males were enrolled. All patients and control group were karyotyped. Microdeletions were evaluated using multiplex PCR. Five common CFTR mutations were genotyped using the ARMS-PCR technique. The CAG-repeat expansion in the AR gene was evaluated for each individual using sequencing. RESULTS Overall 4% of cases shows a numerical and structural abnormality. 7.5% of patients had a deletion in one of the AZF regions on Yq, and 3.5% had a deletion in two regions. F508del was the most common (4.5%) CFTR gene mutation; G542X, and W1282X were detected with 1.5% and 1% respectively. One patient was found to have AZFa microdeletion and F508del in heterozygote form; one patient had AZFb microdeletion with F508del. F508del was seen as compound heterozygous with G542X in one patient and with W1282X in the other patient. The difference in the mean of the CAG-repeats in the AR gene in patients and control groups was statistically significant (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our study shows the genetic mutations in men with severe oligozoospermia and given the possibility of transmission of these disorders to the next generation by fertilization, counseling and genetic testing are suggested for these couples before considering ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Jafari
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Kyumars Safinejad
- Department of Biology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran.
| | - Mahboobeh Nasiri
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Mansour Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Poursina Ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Huang B, Wang H, Yang B. Non-Aquaporin Water Channels. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:331-342. [PMID: 36717505 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Water transport through membrane is so intricate that there are still some debates. AQPs are entirely accepted to allow water transmembrane movement depending on osmotic gradient. Cotransporters and uniporters, however, are also concerned in water homeostasis. UT-B has a single-channel water permeability that is similar to AQP1. CFTR was initially thought as a water channel but now not believed to transport water directly. By cotransporters, such as KCC4, NKCC1, SGLT1, GAT1, EAAT1, and MCT1, water is transported by water osmosis coupling with substrates, which explains how water is transported across the isolated small intestine. This chapter provides information about water transport mediated by other membrane proteins except AQPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyue Huang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering, Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Chicago, IL, USA
- Laboratory of Regenerative Rehabilitation and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Zhang H, Yang B. Aquaporins in Reproductive System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:179-194. [PMID: 36717494 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AQP0-12, a total of 13 aquaporins are expressed in the mammalian reproductive system. These aquaporins mediate the transport of water and small solutes across biofilms for maintaining reproductive tract water balance and germ cell water homeostasis. These aquaporins play important roles in the regulation of sperm and egg cell production, maturation, and fertilization processes. Impaired AQP function may lead to diminished male and female fertility. This review focuses on the distribution, function, and regulation of AQPs throughout the male and female reproductive organs and tracts. Their correlation with reproductive success, revealing recent advances in the physiological and pathophysiological roles of aquaporins in the reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Ribeiro JC, Bernardino RL, Carrageta DF, Soveral G, Calamita G, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. CFTR modulates aquaporin-mediated glycerol permeability in mouse Sertoli cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:592. [PMID: 36378343 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel that is crucial for fluid homeodynamics throughout the male reproductive tract. Previous evidence shed light on a potential molecular partnership between this channel and aquaporins (AQPs). Herein, we explore the role of CFTR on AQPs-mediated glycerol permeability in mouse Sertoli cells (mSCs). We were able to identify the expression of CFTR, AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9 in mSCs by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence techniques. Cells were then treated with CFTRinh-172, a specific CFTR inhibitor, and its glycerol permeability was evaluated by stopped-flow light scattering. We observed that CFTR inhibition decreased glycerol permeability in mSCs by 30.6% when compared to the control group. A DUOLINK proximity ligation assay was used to evaluate the endogenous protein-protein interactions between CFTR and the various aquaglyceroporins we identified. We positively detected that CFTR is in close proximity with AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9 and that, through a possible physical interaction, CFTR can modulate AQP-mediated glycerol permeability in mSCs. As glycerol is essential for the control of the blood-testis barrier and elevated concentration in testis results in the disruption of spermatogenesis, we suggest that the malfunction of CFTR and the consequent alteration in glycerol permeability is a potential link between male infertility and cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Ribeiro
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Raquel L Bernardino
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David F Carrageta
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Anatomy, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Charlestin V, Fulkerson D, Arias Matus CE, Walker ZT, Carthy K, Littlepage LE. Aquaporins: New players in breast cancer progression and treatment response. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988119. [PMID: 36212456 PMCID: PMC9532844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small transmembrane proteins that selectively transport water and other small molecules and ions following an osmotic gradient across cell plasma membranes. This enables them to regulate numerous functions including water homeostasis, fat metabolism, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Previous structural and functional studies highlight a strong biological relationship between AQP protein expression, localization, and key biological functions in normal and cancer tissues, where aberrant AQP expression correlates with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the roles of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP7 in breast cancer progression and metastasis, including the role of AQPs in the tumor microenvironment, to highlight potential contributions of stromal-derived to epithelial-derived AQPs to breast cancer. Emerging evidence identifies AQPs as predictors of response to cancer therapy and as targets for increasing their sensitivity to treatment. However, these studies have not evaluated the requirements for protein structure on AQP function within the context of breast cancer. We also examine how AQPs contribute to a patient's response to cancer treatment, existing AQP inhibitors and how AQPs could serve as novel predictive biomarkers of therapy response in breast cancer. Future studies also should evaluate AQP redundancy and compensation as mechanisms used to overcome aberrant AQP function. This review highlights the need for additional research into how AQPs contribute molecularly to therapeutic resistance and by altering the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verodia Charlestin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Daniel Fulkerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Carlos E. Arias Matus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Zachary T. Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Kevin Carthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Laurie E. Littlepage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
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7
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Insight into the Mammalian Aquaporin Interactome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179615. [PMID: 36077012 PMCID: PMC9456110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channels expressed in all living organisms. AQPs facilitate osmotically driven water flux across biological membranes and, in some cases, the movement of small molecules (such as glycerol, urea, CO2, NH3, H2O2). Protein-protein interactions play essential roles in protein regulation and function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the AQP interactomes and addresses the molecular basis and functional significance of these protein-protein interactions in health and diseases. Targeting AQP interactomes may offer new therapeutic avenues as targeting individual AQPs remains challenging despite intense efforts.
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8
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da Silva IV, Garra S, Calamita G, Soveral G. The Multifaceted Role of Aquaporin-9 in Health and Its Potential as a Clinical Biomarker. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070897. [PMID: 35883453 PMCID: PMC9313442 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels essential for water, energy, and redox homeostasis, with proven involvement in a variety of pathophysiological conditions such as edema, glaucoma, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, oxidative stress, sepsis, cancer, and metabolic dysfunctions. The 13 AQPs present in humans are widely distributed in all body districts, drawing cell lineage-specific expression patterns closely related to cell native functions. Compelling evidence indicates that AQPs are proteins with great potential as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention. Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is the most expressed in the liver, with implications in general metabolic and redox balance due to its aquaglyceroporin and peroxiporin activities, facilitating glycerol and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) diffusion across membranes. AQP9 is also expressed in other tissues, and their altered expression is described in several human diseases, such as liver injury, inflammation, cancer, infertility, and immune disorders. The present review compiles the current knowledge of AQP9 implication in diseases and highlights its potential as a new biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês V. da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sabino Garra
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (G.S.)
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9
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Jafari L, Safinejad K, Nasiri M, Heidari M, Houshmand M. The prevalence of common CFTR gene mutations and polymorphisms in infertile Iranian men with very severe oligozoospermia. J Med Life 2022; 15:547-556. [PMID: 35646184 PMCID: PMC9126445 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to progress in infertility etiology, several genetic bases of infertility are revealed today. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of mutations in the CFTR gene, M470V polymorphism, and IVS8 poly T. Furthermore, we aimed to examine the hotspot exons (4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 20, and 21 exons) to find a new mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene among infertile Iranian men very severe oligozoospermia (<1 million sperm/mL ejaculate fluid). In the present case-control study, 200 very severe oligozoospermia (20-60s) and 200 fertile men (18-65s) were registered. Five common CFTR mutations were genotyped using the ARMS-PCR technique. The M470V polymorphism was checked out by real-time PCR, and poly T and exons were sequenced. The F508del was the most common (4.5%) CFTR gene mutation; G542X and W1282X were detected with 1.5% and 1%, respectively. N1303K and R117H were detected in 0.5% of cases. F508del was seen as a heterozygous compound with G542X in one patient and with W1282X in the other patient. Also, in the case of M470V polymorphism, there are differences between the case and control groups (p=0.013). Poly T assay showed statistical differences in some genotypes. The study showed no new mutation in the exons mentioned above. Our results shed light on the genetic basis of men with very severe oligozoospermia in the Iranian population, which will support therapy decisions among infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Jafari
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Kyumars Safinejad
- Department of Biology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran,Corresponding Author: Kyumars Safinejad, Department of Biology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Mahboobeh Nasiri
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Mansour Heidari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Houshmand
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Relevance of Aquaporins for Gamete Function and Cryopreservation. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050573. [PMID: 35268142 PMCID: PMC8909058 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interaction between cells and the extracellular medium is of great importance; changes in medium composition can drive water movement across plasma membranes. Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channels involved in the transport of water and some solutes across membranes. When sperm enter the female reproductive tract after ejaculation, they encounter a drastic change in extracellular composition, which leads to water flowing across the plasma membrane. This triggers a series of events that are crucial to allowing fertilization to take place, such as regulation of sperm motility. In the context of assisted reproduction techniques (ART), long-term storage of gametes is sometimes required, and, during cryopreservation, these cells undergo drastic changes in extracellular medium composition. As a result, AQPs are crucial in both sperm and oocytes during this process. Cryopreservation is of considerable importance for fertility preservation in livestock, endangered species and for individuals undergoing certain medical treatments that compromise their fertility. Further research to fully elucidate the roles and underlying mechanisms of AQPs in mammalian sperm is therefore warranted. Abstract The interaction between cells and the extracellular medium is of great importance, and drastic changes in extracellular solute concentrations drive water movement across the plasma membrane. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane channels that allow the transport of water and small solutes across cell membranes. Different members of this family have been identified in gametes. In sperm, they are relevant to osmoadaptation after entering the female reproductive tract, which is crucial for sperm motility activation and capacitation and, thus, for their fertilizing ability. In addition, they are relevant during the cryopreservation process, since some members of this family are also permeable to glycerol, one of the most frequently used cryoprotective agents in livestock. Regarding oocytes, AQPs are very important in their maturation but also during cryopreservation. Further research to define the exact sets of AQPs that are present in oocytes from different species is needed, since the available literature envisages certain AQPs and their roles but does not provide complete information on the whole set of AQPs. This is of considerable importance because, in sperm, specific AQPs are known to compensate the role of non-functional members.
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Shum W, Zhang BL, Cao AS, Zhou X, Shi SM, Zhang ZY, Gu LY, Shi S. Calcium Homeostasis in the Epididymal Microenvironment: Is Extracellular Calcium a Cofactor for Matrix Gla Protein-Dependent Scavenging Regulated by Vitamins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:827940. [PMID: 35252193 PMCID: PMC8893953 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.827940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the male reproductive tract, the epididymis is an essential organ for sperm maturation, in which sperm cells acquire mobility and the ability to fertilize oocytes while being stored in a protective microenvironment. Epididymal function involves a specialized luminal microenvironment established by the epithelial cells of epididymal mucosa. Low-calcium concentration is a unique feature of this epididymal luminal microenvironment, its relevance and regulation are, however, incompletely understood. In the rat epididymis, the vitamin D-related calcium-dependent TRPV6-TMEM16A channel-coupler has been shown to be involved in fluid transport, and, in a spatially complementary manner, vitamin K2-related γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX)-dependent carboxylation of matrix Gla protein (MGP) plays an essential role in promoting calcium-dependent protein aggregation. An SNP in the human GGCX gene has been associated with asthenozoospermia. In addition, bioinformatic analysis also suggests the involvement of a vitamin B6-axis in calcium-dependent MGP-mediated protein aggregation. These findings suggest that vitamins interact with calcium homeostasis in the epididymis to ensure proper sperm maturation and male fertility. This review article discusses the regulation mechanisms of calcium homeostasis in the epididymis, and the potential role of vitamin interactions on epididymal calcium homeostasis, especially the role of matrix calcium in the epididymal lumen as a cofactor for the carboxylated MGP-mediated scavenging function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Shum
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Winnie Shum,
| | - Bao Li Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Reproduction and Development Institution, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Albert Shang Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Su Meng Shi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Yang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lou Yi Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Liu BY, Zhang BL, Gao DY, Li Q, Xu XY, Shum W. Epididymal epithelial degeneration and lipid metabolism impairment account for male infertility in occludin knockout mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1069319. [PMID: 36518247 PMCID: PMC9742356 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1069319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Occludin (OCLN) is a tight junction protein and Ocln deletion mutation causes male infertility in mice. However, the role of OCLN in male reproductive system remains unknown. In this study, we used an interdisciplinary approach to elucidate the underlying mechanism of male infertility in related to OCLN function, including Ocln knockout mice as well as a combined omics analysis and immunofluorescent labelling. Our results showed that the epididymis of Ocln-null mice displayed a phenomenon resembling epididymal sperm granuloma, which occurred especially in the junctional region between caput and corpus epididymidis. Sperm motility and fertilisation capacity were also impaired in these Ocln-null mice, accompanied by enlarged tubules in the proximal regions and degeneration in the distal regions of epididymis. Cellular localization analysis showed that OCLN immunofluorescence was enriched only in the apical junction of epithelial principal cells in the proximal regions of epididymis. Integrative omics analysis revealed the downregulation of gene clusters enriched in acid secretion and fatty acid metabolism in the Ocln-null epididymis, especially the enzymes related to the unsaturated arachidonic acid pathway. The number of proton-pump V-ATPase-expression clear cells, a key player of luminal acidification in the epididymis, declined drastically from prepubertal age before sperm arrival but not in the early postnatal age. This was accompanied by programmed cell death of clear cells and increased pH in the epididymal fluid of OCLN-deficient mice. The lipidomics results showed significantly increased levels of specific DAGs conjugated to unsaturated fatty acids in the Ocln-mutant. Immunofluorescent labelling showed that the arachidonic acid converting enzyme PTGDS and phospholipase PLA2g12a were prominently altered in the principal cells and luminal contents of the Ocln-mutant epididymis. Whereas the carboxylate ester lipase CES1, originally enriched in the WT basal cells, was found upregulated in the Ocln-mutant principal cells. Overall, this study demonstrates that OCLN is essential for maintaining caput-to-corpus epithelial integrity, survival of acid-secreting clear cells, and unsaturated fatty acid catabolism in the mouse epididymis, thereby ensuring sperm maturation and male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ying Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Li Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Da Yuan Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Winnie Shum
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Winnie Shum,
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Lee S, Kang HG, Ryou C, Cheon YP. Spatiotemporal expression of aquaporin 9 is critical for the antral growth of mouse ovarian follicles†. Biol Reprod 2021; 103:828-839. [PMID: 32577722 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a few aquaporins (AQPs) expressed in granulosa cells have been postulated to mediate fluid passage into the antrum, the specific expression of AQPs in different follicle cell types and stages and their roles have not been evaluated extensively. The spatiotemporal expression of aquaporin (Aqp) 7, 8, and 9 and the functional roles of Aqp9 in antral growth and ovulation were examined using a superovulation model and 3-dimensional follicle culture. Aqp9 was expressed at a high level in the rapid growth phase (24-48 h post equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) for superovulation induction) compared to Aqp7 (after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)) and Aqp8 (8-24 h post eCG and 24 h post hCG). A dramatic increase in the expression and localization of Aqp9 mRNA in theca cells was observed, as evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase (RT-PCR) coupled with laser capture microdissection and immunohistochemistry. AQP9 was located primarily on the theca cells of the tertiary and preovulatory follicles but not on the ovulated follicles. In phloretin-treated mice, the diameter of the preovulatory follicles and the number of ovulated oocytes decreased. Consistent with these findings, knocking down Aqp9 expression with an Aqp9 siRNA inhibited follicle growth (0.28:1 = siRNA:control) and decreased the number of ovulated follicles (0.36:1 = siRNA:control) during in vitro growth and ovulation induction. Based on these results, the expression of AQPs is under the control of the physiological status, and AQP9 expression in theca during folliculogenesis is required for antral growth and ovulation in a tissue-specific and stage-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungeun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Eulji University, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cheon
- Department of Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul, Korea
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Ala M, Mohammad Jafari R, Hajiabbasi A, Dehpour AR. Aquaporins and diseases pathogenesis: From trivial to undeniable involvements, a disease-based point of view. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6115-6135. [PMID: 33559160 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), as transmembrane proteins, were primarily identified as water channels with the ability of regulating the transmission of water, glycerol, urea, and other small-sized molecules. The classic view of AQPs involvement in therapeutic plan restricted them and their regulators into managing only a narrow spectrum of the diseases such as diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. However, further investigations performed, especially in the third millennium, has found that their cooperation in water transmission control can be manipulated to handle other burden-imposing diseases such as cirrhosis, heart failure, Meniere's disease, cancer, bullous pemphigoid, eczema, and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Hajiabbasi
- Guilan Rheumatology Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Jeong YD, Park YJ, Ko YG, Lee SS, Lee SH, Lee J, Kim KW, Kim SW, Kim B. Development and Differentiation of Epididymal Epithelial Cells in Korean Native Black Goat. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081273. [PMID: 32722459 PMCID: PMC7459902 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Studies have revealed that the communication networks among epididymal epithelial cells play an essential role in sperm maturation and storage. Therefore, the localization and expression of V-ATPase and cytokeratin 5 in the clear cells and basal cells, respectively, of immature and mature goat epididymis was investigated. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to use immunofluorescence labeling and confocal imaging to characterize the differentiation of clear cells and basal cells in the goat epididymis. The findings could help the understanding of the regulatory mechanism that creates an optimal luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the epididymis. Abstract The acidic luminal environment of the epididymis is regulated by the communication networks among epididymal epithelial cells; it is necessary for sperm maturation and storage. To characterize epididymal epithelial cell differentiation, the localization and expression of hydrogen-pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the clear and basal cells, respectively, of immature and mature goat epididymis and vas deferens was examined. The epididymides and vas deferens were obtained from goats aged 1, 2, and 12–14 months. To assess the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the caput, corpus, and cauda of the epididymis and proximal vas deferens, the tissue sections were subjected to immunofluorescence labeling and observed by confocal microscopy. Both clear and basal cells progressively started to differentiate in a retrograde manner. Clear cells disappeared from the cauda region after puberty, and they were maintained only in the caput and corpus regions of the adult goat epididymis. V-ATPase and KRT5 were co-expressed in the differentiated cells located at the base of the epithelium (i.e., basal cells). This cell type-specific differentiation and distribution of the epithelial cells plays a critical role in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the goat epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Da Jeong
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (Y.-D.J.); (Y.-J.P.)
| | - Yun-Jae Park
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (Y.-D.J.); (Y.-J.P.)
| | - Yeoung-Gyu Ko
- Animal Genetic Resource Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Hamyang 50000, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (S.-S.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Sung-Soo Lee
- Animal Genetic Resource Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Hamyang 50000, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (S.-S.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Animal Genetic Resource Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Hamyang 50000, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (S.-S.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Jinwook Lee
- Animal Genetic Resource Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Hamyang 50000, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (S.-S.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Kwan-Woo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resource Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Hamyang 50000, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (S.-S.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-W.K.)
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resource Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Hamyang 50000, Korea; (Y.-G.K.); (S.-S.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.L.); (K.-W.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (B.K.); Tel.: +82-41-330-1246 (S.W.K. & B.K.); Fax: +82-41-330-1249 (S.W.K. & B.K.)
| | - Bongki Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea; (Y.-D.J.); (Y.-J.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.W.K.); (B.K.); Tel.: +82-41-330-1246 (S.W.K. & B.K.); Fax: +82-41-330-1249 (S.W.K. & B.K.)
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Park YJ, Kim JH, Kim HY, Park HB, Choe J, Kim GW, Baek SY, Chung HJ, Park YJ, Kim B. The expression and localization of V-ATPase and cytokeratin 5 during postnatal development of the pig epididymis. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1077-1086. [PMID: 32054197 PMCID: PMC7322665 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the localization and expression of H+ pumping vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) and cytokeratin 5 (KRT5) in the epididymis of pigs, expressed in clear and basal cells, respectively, during postnatal development. METHODS Epididymides were obtained from pigs at 1, 7, 21, 60, 120, and 180 days of age; we observed the localization and expression patterns of V-ATPase and KRT5 in the different regions of these organs, namely, the caput, corpus, and cauda. The differentiation of epididymal epithelial cells was determined by immunofluorescence labeling using cell-type-specific markers and observed using confocal microscopy. RESULTS At postnatal day 5 (PND5), the localization of clear cells commenced migration from the cauda toward the caput. Although at PND120, goblet-shaped clear cells were detected along the entire length of the epididymis, those labeled for V-ATPase had disappeared from the corpus to cauda and were maintained only in the caput epididymis in adult pigs. In contrast, whereas basal cells labeled for KRT5 were only present in the vas deferens at birth, they were detected in all regions of the epididymis at PND60. These cells were localized at the base of the epithelium; however, no basal cells characterized by luminally extending cell projections were observed in any of the adult epididymides examined. CONCLUSION The differentiation of clear and basal cells progressively initiates in a retrograde manner from the cauda to the caput epididymis. The cell-type-specific distribution and localization of the epithelial cells play important roles in establishing a unique luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage in the pig epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jae Park
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuk Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Hack-Youn Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Hee-Bok Park
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Juhui Choe
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Gye-Woong Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Baek
- Division of Swine Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31172, Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Chung
- Division of Swine Science, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31172, Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Bongki Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
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Llinares J, Cantereau A, Froux L, Becq F. Quantitative phase imaging to study transmembrane water fluxes regulated by CFTR and AQP3 in living human airway epithelial CFBE cells and CHO cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233439. [PMID: 32469934 PMCID: PMC7259668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In epithelial cells, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-regulated Cl- channel, plays a key role in water and electrolytes secretion. A dysfunctional CFTR leads to the dehydration of the external environment of the cells and to the production of viscous mucus in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we applied the quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QWLSI), a quantitative phase imaging technique based on the measurement of the light wave shift when passing through a living sample, to study water transport regulation in human airway epithelial CFBE and CHO cells expressing wild-type, G551D- and F508del-CFTR. We were able to detect phase variations during osmotic challenges and confirmed that cellular volume changes reflecting water fluxes can be detected with QWLSI. Forskolin stimulation activated a phase increase in all CFBE and CHO cell types. This phase variation was due to cellular volume decrease and intracellular refractive index increase and was completely blocked by mercury, suggesting an activation of a cAMP-dependent water efflux mediated by an endogenous aquaporin (AQP). AQP3 mRNAs, not AQP1, AQP4 and AQP5 mRNAs, were detected by RT-PCR in CFBE cells. Readdressing the F508del-CFTR protein to the cell surface with VX-809 increased the detected water efflux in CHO but not in CFBE cells. However, VX-770, a potentiator of CFTR function, failed to further increase the water flux in either G551D-CFTR or VX-809-corrected F508del-CFTR expressing cells. Our results show that QWLSI could be a suitable technique to study water transport in living cells. We identified a CFTR and cAMP-dependent, mercury-sensitive water transport in airway epithelial and CHO cells that might be due to AQP3. This water transport appears to be affected when CFTR is mutated and independent of the chloride channel function of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Llinares
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Cantereau
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Lionel Froux
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- * E-mail:
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Carrageta DF, Bernardino RL, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. CFTR regulation of aquaporin-mediated water transport. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 112:163-177. [PMID: 32061340 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel responsible for the direct transport of bicarbonate and chloride. CFTR-dependent ionic transport is crucial for pH regulation and fluid homeodynamics among epithelial surfaces. Particularly, CFTR performs an essential role in the male reproductive tract, which requires a tight regulation of water and electrolytes in order to produce healthy spermatozoa. The absence or malfunction of CFTR results in cystic fibrosis, the most common lethal disease among Caucasians, that is characterized by an impaired fluid and ionic homeostasis in the whole organism. Due to the wide expression and importance of CFTR, the male reproductive tract is highly affected by cystic fibrosis, resulting in male infertility. Although CFTR is not permeable to water, this protein acts as a regulator of other protein channels, such as aquaporins. In fact, CFTR acts as a molecular partner of aquaporins in epithelial cells, regulating fluid homeodynamics. Herein, up-to-date data concerning the regulation of aquaporin-mediated water transport by CFTR will be discussed, highlighting the role of both channels in the male reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Carrageta
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel L Bernardino
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Sharma S, Kumaran GK, Hanukoglu I. High-resolution imaging of the actin cytoskeleton and epithelial sodium channel, CFTR, and aquaporin-9 localization in the vas deferens. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:305-319. [PMID: 31950584 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vas deferens is a conduit for sperm and fluid from the epididymis to the urethra. The duct is surrounded by a thick smooth muscle layer. To map the actin cytoskeleton of the duct and its epithelium, we reacted sections of the proximal and distal regions with fluorescent phalloidin. Confocal microscopic imaging showed that the cylinder-shaped epithelium of the proximal region has a thick apical border of actin filaments that form microvilli. The epithelium of the distal region is covered with tall stereocilia (13-18 µm) that extend from the apical border into the lumen. In both regions, the lateral and basal cell borders showed a thin lining of actin cytoskeleton. The vas deferens epithelium contains various channels to regulate the fluid composition in the lumen. We mapped the localization of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), aquaporin-9 (AQP9), and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the rat and mouse vas deferens. ENaC and AQP9 immunofluorescence were localized on the luminal surface and stereocilia and also in the basal and smooth muscle layers. CFTR immunofluorescence appeared only on the luminal surface and in smooth muscle layers. The localization of all three channels on the apical surface of the columnar epithelial cells provides clear evidence that these channels are involved concurrently in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance in the lumen of the vas deferens. ENaC allows the flow of Na+ ions from the lumen into the cytoplasm, and the osmotic gradient generated provides the driving force for the passive flow of water through AQP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channels proteins that facilitate water flux across cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. Despite of the differences in the mammalian placentas, the conserved combination of AQPs expressed in placental and fetal membranes throughout gestation suggests that these proteins may be important in the regulation of fetal water homeostasis. Thus, AQPs may regulate the amniotic fluid volume and participate in the trans-placental transfer of water. Apart from their classical roles, recent studies have revealed that placental AQPs may also cooperate in cellular processes such as the migration and the apoptosis of the trophoblasts. Aquaglyceroporins can also participate in the energy metabolism and in the urea elimination across the placenta. Many factors including oxygen, hormones, acid-basis homeostasis, maternal dietary status, interaction with other transport proteins and osmotic stress are proposed to regulate their expression and function during gestation and alterations result in pathological pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia E Damiano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)-CONICET-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Aquaporins and male (in)fertility: Expression and role throughout the male reproductive tract. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 679:108222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effect of AQP Inhibition on Boar Sperm Cryotolerance Depends on the Intrinsic Freezability of the Ejaculate. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246255. [PMID: 31835821 PMCID: PMC6940875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane channels with permeability to water and small solutes that can be classified according to their structure and permeability into orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (GLPs), and superAQPs. In boar spermatozoa, AQPs are related to osmoregulation and play a critical role in maturation and motility activation. In addition, their levels differ between ejaculates with good and poor cryotolerance (GFE and PFE, respectively). The aim of this work was to elucidate whether the involvement of AQPs in the sperm response to cryopreservation relies on the intrinsic freezability of the ejaculate. With this purpose, two different molecules: phloretin (PHL) and 1,3-propanediol (PDO), were used to inhibit sperm AQPs in GFE and PFE. Boar sperm samples were treated with three different concentrations of each inhibitor prior to cryopreservation, and sperm quality and functionality parameters were evaluated in fresh samples and after 30 and 240 min of thawing. Ejaculates were classified as GFE or PFE, according to their post-thaw sperm viability and motility. While the presence of PHL caused a decrease in sperm quality and function compared to the control, samples treated with PDO exhibited better quality and function parameters than the control. In addition, the effects of both inhibitors were more apparent in GFE than in PFE. In conclusion, AQP inhibition has more notable consequences in GFE than in PFE, which can be related to the difference in relative levels of AQPs between these two groups of samples.
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Delgado-Bermúdez A, Llavanera M, Fernández-Bastit L, Recuero S, Mateo-Otero Y, Bonet S, Barranco I, Fernández-Fuertes B, Yeste M. Aquaglyceroporins but not orthodox aquaporins are involved in the cryotolerance of pig spermatozoa. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2019; 10:77. [PMID: 31636902 PMCID: PMC6791021 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channels that includes orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (GLPs) and superAQPs. AQP3, AQP7, AQP9 and AQP11 have been identified in boar sperm, and they are crucial for sperm maturation and osmoregulation. Water exchange is an important event in cryopreservation, which is the most efficient method for long-term storage of sperm. However, the freeze-thaw process leads to sperm damage and a loss of fertilizing potential. Assuming that the quality of frozen-thawed sperm partially depends on the regulation of osmolality variations during this process, AQPs might play a crucial role in boar semen freezability. In this context, the aim of this study was to unravel the functional relevance of the different groups of AQPs for boar sperm cryotolerance through three different inhibitors. Results Inhibition of different groups of AQPs was found to have different effects on boar sperm cryotolerance. Whereas the use of 1,3-propanediol (PDO), an inhibitor of orthodox AQPs and GLPs, decreased total motility (P < 0.05), it increased post-thaw sperm viability, lowered membrane lipid disorder and increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (P < 0.05). When acetazolamide (AC) was used as an inhibitor of orthodox AQPs, the effects on post-thaw sperm quality were restricted to a mild increase in MMP in the presence of the intermediate concentration at 30 min post-thaw and an increase in superoxide levels (P < 0.05). Finally, the addition of phloretin (PHL), a GLP inhibitor, had detrimental effects on post-thaw total and progressive sperm motilities, viability and lipid membrane disorder (P < 0.05). Conclusions The effects of the different inhibitors suggest that GLPs rather than orthodox AQPs are relevant for boar sperm freezability. Moreover, the positive effect of PDO on sperm quality suggests a cryoprotective role for this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Delgado-Bermúdez
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Llavanera
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Leira Fernández-Bastit
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra Recuero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Yentel Mateo-Otero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Barranco
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Fuertes
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Campany, 69, Campus Montilivi, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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Venglovecz V, Pallagi P, Kemény LV, Balázs A, Balla Z, Becskeházi E, Gál E, Tóth E, Zvara Á, Puskás LG, Borka K, Sendler M, Lerch MM, Mayerle J, Kühn JP, Rakonczay Z, Hegyi P. The Importance of Aquaporin 1 in Pancreatitis and Its Relation to the CFTR Cl - Channel. Front Physiol 2018; 9:854. [PMID: 30050452 PMCID: PMC6052342 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate the transepithelial water flow involved in epithelial fluid secretion in numerous tissues; however, their function in the pancreas is less characterized. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious disorder in which specific treatment is still not possible. Accumulating evidence indicate that decreased pancreatic ductal fluid secretion plays an essential role in AP; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and pathophysiological role of AQPs in the pancreas. Expression and localization of AQPs were investigated by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, whereas osmotic transmembrane water permeability was estimated by the dye dilution technique, in Capan-1 cells. The presence of AQP1 and CFTR in the mice and human pancreas were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Pancreatic ductal HCO3- and fluid secretion were studied on pancreatic ducts isolated from wild-type (WT) and AQP1 knock out (KO) mice using microfluorometry and videomicroscopy, respectively. In vivo pancreatic fluid secretion was estimated by magnetic resonance imaging. AP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and disease severity was assessed by measuring biochemical and histological parameters. In the mice, the presence of AQP1 was detected throughout the whole plasma membrane of the ductal cells and its expression highly depends on the presence of CFTR Cl- channel. In contrast, the expression of AQP1 is mainly localized to the apical membrane of ductal cells in the human pancreas. Bile acid treatment dose- and time-dependently decreased mRNA and protein expression of AQP1 and reduced expression of this channel was also demonstrated in patients suffering from acute and chronic pancreatitis. HCO3- and fluid secretion significantly decreased in AQP1 KO versus WT mice and the absence of AQP1 also worsened the severity of pancreatitis. Our results suggest that AQP1 plays an essential role in pancreatic ductal fluid and HCO3- secretion and decreased expression of the channel alters fluid secretion which probably contribute to increased susceptibility of the pancreas to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Pallagi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Balázs
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Balla
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eszter Becskeházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Gál
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Tóth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Zvara
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Borka
- Second Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthias Sendler
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Universitätsklinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Institute of Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institute and Policlinic of Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute for Translational Medicine and First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Darrah R, Bederman I, Vitko M, Valerio DM, Drumm ML, Hodges CA. Growth deficits in cystic fibrosis mice begin in utero prior to IGF-1 reduction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175467. [PMID: 28384265 PMCID: PMC5383306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth deficits are common in cystic fibrosis (CF), but their cause is complex, with contributions from exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, pulmonary complications, gastrointestinal obstructions, and endocrine abnormalities. The CF mouse model displays similar growth impairment despite exocrine pancreatic function and in the absence of chronic pulmonary infection. The high incidence of intestinal obstruction in the CF mouse has been suggested to significantly contribute to the observed growth deficits. Previous studies by our group have shown that restoration of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in the intestinal epithelium prevents intestinal obstruction but does not improve growth. In this study, we further investigate growth deficits in CF and gut-corrected CF mice by assessing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased in CF and gut-corrected CF adult mice compared to wildtype littermates and were highly correlated with weight. Interestingly, perinatal IGF-1 levels were not significantly different between CF and wildtype littermates, even though growth deficits in CF mice could be detected late in gestation. Since CFTR has been suggested to play a role in water and nutrient exchange in the placenta through its interaction with aquaporins, we analyzed placental aquaporin expression in late-gestation CF and control littermates. While significant differences were observed in Aquaporin 9 expression in CF placentas in late gestation, there was no evidence of placental fluid exchange differences between CF and control littermates. The results from this study indicate that decreased IGF-1 levels are highly correlated with growth in CF mice, independent of CF intestinal obstruction. However, the perinatal growth deficits that are observed in CF mice are not due to decreased IGF-1 levels or differences in placenta-mediated fluid exchange. Further investigation is necessary to understand the etiology of early growth deficits in CF, as growth has been shown to be a significant factor in disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Darrah
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ilya Bederman
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Megan Vitko
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dana M. Valerio
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mitchell L. Drumm
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Craig A. Hodges
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Schimming BC, Baumam CAE, Pinheiro PFF, de Matteis R, Domeniconi RF. Aquaporin 9 is expressed in the epididymis of immature and mature pigs. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:617-624. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- BC Schimming
- Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - CAE Baumam
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - PFF Pinheiro
- Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - R de Matteis
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - RF Domeniconi
- Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biosciences; São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu SP Brazil
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Huang B, Wang H, Yang B. Water Transport Mediated by Other Membrane Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 969:251-261. [PMID: 28258579 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Water transport through membrane is so intricate that there are still some debates. (Aquaporins) AQPs are entirely accepted to allow water transmembrane movement depending on osmotic gradient. Cotransporters and uniporters , however, are also concerned in water homeotatsis. Urea transporter B (UT-B) has a single-channel water permeability that is similar to AQP1. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR ) was initially thought as a water channel but now not believed to transport water directly. By cotranporters, water is transported by water osmosis coupling with substrates, which explains how water is transported across the isolated small intestine. This chapter provides information about water transport mediated by other membrane proteins except AQPs .
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyue Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Cystic fibrosis lung environment and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:174. [PMID: 27919253 PMCID: PMC5139081 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are highly complex, subject to various environmental conditions as well as a distinct microbiota. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is recognized as one of the most important pulmonary pathogens and the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. A multifarious interplay between the host, pathogens, microbiota, and the environment shapes the course of the disease. There have been several excellent reviews detailing CF pathology, Pseudomonas and the role of environment in CF but only a few reviews connect these entities with regards to influence on the overall course of the disease. A holistic understanding of contributing factors is pertinent to inform new research and therapeutics. Discussion In this article, we discuss the deterministic alterations in lung physiology as a result of CF. We also revisit the impact of those changes on the microbiota, with special emphasis on P. aeruginosa and the influence of other non-genetic factors on CF. Substantial past and current research on various genetic and non-genetic aspects of cystic fibrosis has been reviewed to assess the effect of different factors on CF pulmonary infection. A thorough review of contributing factors in CF and the alterations in lung physiology indicate that CF lung infection is multi-factorial with no isolated cause that should be solely targeted to control disease progression. A combinatorial approach may be required to ensure better disease outcomes. Conclusion CF lung infection is a complex disease and requires a broad multidisciplinary approach to improve CF disease outcomes. A holistic understanding of the underlying mechanisms and non-genetic contributing factors in CF is central to development of new and targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Boj M, Chauvigné F, Cerdà J. Aquaporin biology of spermatogenesis and sperm physiology in mammals and teleosts. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2015; 229:93-108. [PMID: 26338872 DOI: 10.1086/bblv229n1p93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluid homeostasis is recognized as a critical factor during the development, maturation, and function of vertebrate male germ cells. These processes have been associated with the presence of multiple members of the aquaporin superfamily of water and solute channels in different cell types along the reproductive tract as well as in spermatozoa. We present a comparative analysis of the existing knowledge of aquaporin biology in the male reproductive tissues of mammals and teleosts. Current data suggest that in both vertebrate groups, aquaporins may have similar functions during differentiation of spermatozoa in the germinal epithelium, in the concentration and maturation of sperm in the testicular ducts, and in the regulation of osmotically induced volume changes in ejaculated spermatozoa. Recent studies have also provided insight into the possible function of aquaporins beyond water transport, such as in signaling pathways during spermatogenesis or the sensing of cell swelling and mitochondrial peroxide transport in activated sperm. However, an understanding of the specific physiological functions of the various aquaporins during germ cell development and sperm motility, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved, remains elusive. Novel experimental approaches need to be developed to elucidate these processes and to dissect the regulatory intracellular pathways implicated, which will greatly help to uncover the molecular basis of sperm physiology and male fertility in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Boj
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - François Chauvigné
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Biology, Bergen High Technology Centre, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Joan Cerdà
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA)-Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; and
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Schimming BC, Pinheiro PFF, de Matteis R, Machado CM, Domeniconi RF. Immunolocalization of Aquaporins 1 and 9 in the Ram Efferent Ducts and Epididymis. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:617-24. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- BC Schimming
- Department of Anatomy; Biosciences Institute of Botucatu; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - PFF Pinheiro
- Department of Anatomy; Biosciences Institute of Botucatu; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - R de Matteis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - CM Machado
- Department of Anatomy; Biosciences Institute of Botucatu; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - RF Domeniconi
- Department of Anatomy; Biosciences Institute of Botucatu; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista; Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
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Jesus TT, Bernardino RL, Martins AD, Sá R, Sousa M, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. Aquaporin-9 is expressed in rat Sertoli cells and interacts with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. IUBMB Life 2014; 66:639-44. [PMID: 25270793 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Men with mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are usually subfertile/infertile. Besides playing a role in Cl(-)/HCO3(-) transport, it has been proposed that CFTR interacts with water membrane transport systems, particularly aquaporins, to control seminiferous tubular secretion, which is regulated by the somatic Sertoli cells (SCs). As aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is highly expressed throughout the male reproductive tract, we hypothesized that it is also present in rat SCs and that it physically interacts with CFTR. To test this hypothesis, primary cultures of rat SCs were established, and expression of CFTR and AQP9 was assessed by RT-polymerase chain reactions (mRNA) and Western blot analysis (protein). A coimmunoprecipitation assay was used to evaluate the physical interaction between CFTR and AQP9. Our results show that CFTR and AQP9 are expressed in rat SCs. We were also able to detect a molecular interaction between CFTR and AQP9 in rat SCs. This is the first report describing the presence of AQP9, and its interaction with CFTR, in rat SCs. Moreover, our results provide evidence that CFTR is involved in water homeostasis of the seminiferous tubular secretion. These mechanisms may open new insights on therapeutic targets to counteract subfertility/infertility in men with cystic fibrosis and mutations in the CFTR gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito T Jesus
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research, UMIB-FCT, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
Macromolecular structures embedded in the cell plasma membrane called ‘porosomes’, are involved in the regulated fractional release of intravesicular contents from cells during secretion. Porosomes range in size from 15 nm in neurons and astrocytes to 100-180 nm in the exocrine pancreas and neuroendocrine cells. Porosomes have been isolated from a number of cells, and their morphology, composition, and functional reconstitution well documented. The 3D contour map of the assembly of proteins within the porosome complex, and its native X-ray solution structure at sub-nm resolution has also advanced. This understanding now provides a platform to address diseases that may result from secretory defects. Water and ion binding to mucin impart hydration, critical for regulating viscosity of the mucus in the airways epithelia. Appropriate viscosity is required for the movement of mucus by the underlying cilia. Hence secretion of more viscous mucus prevents its proper transport, resulting in chronic and fatal airways disease such as cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is caused by the malfunction of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel transporter, resulting in viscous mucus in the airways. Studies in mice lacking functional CFTR secrete highly viscous mucous that adhered to the epithelium. Since CFTR is known to interact with the t-SNARE protein syntaxin-1A, and with the chloride channel CLC-3, which are also components of the porosome complex, the interactions between CFTR and the porosome complex in the mucin-secreting human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3 was hypothesized and tested. Results from the study demonstrate the presence of approximately 100 nm in size porosome complex composed of 34 proteins at the cell plasma membrane in Calu-3 cells, and the association of CFTR with the complex. In comparison, the nuclear pore complex measures 120 nm and is comprised of over 500 protein molecules. The involvement of CFTR in porosome-mediated mucin secretion is hypothesized, and is currently being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanu P Jena
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Detroit, MI, USA
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Jesus TT, Bernardino RL, Martins AD, Sá R, Sousa M, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. Aquaporin-4 as a molecular partner of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in rat Sertoli cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:1017-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ruan YC, Chen H, Chan HC. Ion channels in the endometrium: regulation of endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:517-29. [PMID: 24591147 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although embryo implantation is a prerequisite for human reproduction, it remains a poorly understood process. The molecular mechanisms regulating endometrial receptivity and/or embryo implantation are still largely unclear. METHODS Pubmed and Medline literature databases were searched for articles in English published up to December 2013 with relevant keywords including 'endometrium', 'Na(+), Cl(-), K(+), or Ca(2+) channels', 'ion channels', 'endometrial receptivity', 'blastocyst implantation' and 'embryo implantation'. RESULTS At the time of writing, more than 14 types of ion channels, including the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, epithelial sodium channel and various Ca(2+) and K(+) channels, had been reported to be expressed in the endometrium or cells of endometrial origin. In vitro and/or in vivo studies conducted on different species, including rodents, pigs and humans, demonstrated the involvement of various ion channels in the process of embryo implantation by regulating: (i) uterine luminal fluid volume; (ii) decidualization; and (iii) the expression of the genes associated with implantation. Importantly, abnormal ion channel expression was found to be associated with implantation failure in IVF patients. CONCLUSIONS Ion channels in the endometrium are emerging as important players in regulating endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. Abnormal expression or function of ion channels in the endometrium may lead to impaired endometrial receptivity and/or implantation failure. Further investigation into the roles of endometrial ion channels may provide a better understanding of the complex process of embryo implantation and thus reveal novel targets for diagnosis and treatment of implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chun Ruan
- Sichuan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Hui Chen
- Sichuan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Sichuan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Hou X, Lewis KT, Wu Q, Wang S, Chen X, Flack A, Mao G, Taatjes DJ, Sun F, Jena BP. Proteome of the porosome complex in human airway epithelia: interaction with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). J Proteomics 2013; 96:82-91. [PMID: 24220302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The surface of the airways is coated with a thin film of mucus composed primarily of mucin, which is under continuous motion via ciliary action. Mucin not only serves to lubricate the airways epithelia, but also functions as a trap for foreign particles and pathogens, thereby assisting in keeping the airways clean and free of particulate matter and infections. Altered mucin secretion especially increased mucin viscosity, results in mucin stagnation due to the inability of the cilia to propel them, leading to infections and diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Since porosomes have been demonstrated to be the secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane in cells, their presence, structure, and composition in the mucin-secreting human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3 expressing CF transmembrane receptor (CFTR), were investigated. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of Calu-3 cells demonstrates the presence of approximately 100nm in diameter porosome openings at the plasma membrane surface. Electron microscopy confirms the AFM results, and tandem mass spectrometry and immunoanalysis performed on isolated Calu-3 porosomes, reveal the association of CFTR with the porosome complex. These new findings will facilitate understanding of CFTR-porosome interactions influencing mucous secretion, and provide critical insights into the etiology of CF disease. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In the present study, the porosome proteome in human airway epithelia has been determined. The interaction between the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the porosome complex in the human airway epithelia is further demonstrated. The possible regulation by CFTR on the quality of mucus secretion via the porosome complex at the cell plasma membrane is hypothesized. These new findings will facilitate understanding of CFTR-porosome interactions influencing mucous secretion, and provide critical insights into the etiology of CF disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Qingtian Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sunxi Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, MI 48202, USA
| | - Xuequn Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Amanda Flack
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, MI 48202, USA
| | - Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology, Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bhanu P Jena
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, MI 48202, USA.
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Collaco AM, Jakab RL, Hoekstra NE, Mitchell KA, Brooks A, Ameen NA. Regulated traffic of anion transporters in mammalian Brunner's glands: a role for water and fluid transport. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G258-75. [PMID: 23744739 PMCID: PMC3742856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00485.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Brunner's glands of the proximal duodenum exert barrier functions through secretion of glycoproteins and antimicrobial peptides. However, ion transporter localization, function, and regulation in the glands are less clear. Mapping the subcellular distribution of transporters is an important step toward elucidating trafficking mechanisms of fluid transport in the gland. The present study examined 1) changes in the distribution of intestinal anion transporters and the aquaporin 5 (AQP5) water channel in rat Brunner's glands following second messenger activation and 2) anion transporter distribution in Brunner's glands from healthy and disease-affected human tissues. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), AQP5, sodium-potassium-coupled chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe1), and the proton pump vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) were localized to distinct membrane domains and in endosomes at steady state. Carbachol and cAMP redistributed CFTR to the apical membrane. cAMP-dependent recruitment of CFTR to the apical membrane was accompanied by recruitment of AQP5 that was reversed by a PKA inhibitor. cAMP also induced apical trafficking of V-ATPase and redistribution of NKCC1 and NBCe1 to the basolateral membranes. The steady-state distribution of AQP5, CFTR, NBCe1, NKCC1, and V-ATPase in human Brunner's glands from healthy controls, cystic fibrosis, and celiac disease resembled that of rat; however, the distribution profiles were markedly attenuated in the disease-affected duodenum. These data support functional transport of chloride, bicarbonate, water, and protons by second messenger-regulated traffic in mammalian Brunner's glands under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Collaco
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
| | - Robert L. Jakab
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
| | - Nadia E. Hoekstra
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;
| | - Kisha A. Mitchell
- 2Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Amos Brooks
- 2Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Nadia A. Ameen
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; ,3Department Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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38
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Prins GS, Bremner W. The 25th Volume: President's Message: Andrology in the 20th Century: A Commentary on Our Progress During the Past 25 Years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:435-40. [PMID: 15223830 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
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39
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Heuser A, Mecklenburg L, Ockert D, Kohler M, Kemkowski J. Selective inhibition of PDE4 in Wistar rats can lead to dilatation in testis, efferent ducts, and epididymis and subsequent formation of sperm granulomas. Toxicol Pathol 2012. [PMID: 23197197 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312463783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Testicular tubular dilatation and degeneration and epididymal sperm granulomas were frequently seen in 4-week toxicity studies using different phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitors in Wistar rats, including the prototypic PDE4 inhibitor BYK169171. To investigate the pathogenesis of testicular and epididymal lesions, a time course study with BYK169171 was conducted with sequential necropsies after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment. After 7 days, a dilatation of efferent ducts and of the initial segment of the epididymis and a subacute interstitial inflammation were seen followed by a diffuse dilatation of seminiferous tubules in the testis. Dilatation and inflammation were most pronounced after 14 days. Single animals also exhibited vascular necrosis in the inflamed interstitium. Although dilatation decreased later in the study, the incidence and severity of tubular degeneration increased from 14 days onward. Sperm granulomas developed in efferent ducts and in the caput and cauda of the epididymis after 14 days. Our results demonstrate a clear time course of PDE4 inhibition-induced lesions, with dilatation preceding sperm granuloma formation. We conclude that the most likely mechanism of toxicity is a disturbance of fluid homeostasis in efferent and epididymal ducts resulting in abnormal luminal fluid and sperm contents, epithelial damage at specific sites of the excurrent duct system, sperm leakage, and granuloma formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Heuser
- Institute for Pharmacology and Preclinical Drug Safety (IPAS), Nycomed GmbH (Nycomed: A Takeda Company), Barsbüttel, Germany.
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40
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Functions of water channels in male and female reproductive systems. Mol Aspects Med 2012; 33:676-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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41
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Damiano AE. Review: Water channel proteins in the human placenta and fetal membranes. Placenta 2011; 32 Suppl 2:S207-11. [PMID: 21208655 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been established that the permeability of the human placenta increases with advancing gestation. Indirect evidence has also proposed that aquaporins (AQPs) may be involved in the regulation of placental water flow but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Five AQPs have been found in the human placenta and fetal membranes [AQP1, 3, 4, 8 and 9]. However, the physiological function(s) and the regulation of these proteins remain unknown. Emerging evidence has shown that human fetal membrane AQPs may have a role in intramembranous amniotic fluid water regulation and that alterations in their expression are related to polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios. In addition, we have observed a high expression of AQP3 and AQP9 in the apical membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast. Moreover, AQP9 was found to be increased in preeclamptic placentas, but it could not be related to its functionality for the transport of water and mannitol. However, a significant urea flux was seen. Since preeclampsia is not known to be associated with an altered water flux to the fetus we propose that AQP9 might not have a key role in water transport in human placenta, but a function in the energy metabolism or the urea uptake and elimination across the placenta. However, the role of AQP9 in human placenta is still speculative and needs further studies. Insulin, hCG, cAMP and CFTR have been found to be involved in the regulation of the molecular and functional expression of AQPs. Further insights into these mechanisms may clarify how water moves between the mother and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Damiano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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42
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Abstract
Congenital absence of the vas deferens is the primary cause of azoospermia in men with cystic fibrosis [CF]. In some there may also be an abnormality in spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. Despite these abnormalities, sperm capable of fertilizing mature oocytes in vitro can be extracted from the majority of men with cystic fibrosis. Experience at Westmead Hospital over the last 12 years has shown mature spermatozoa can be obtained by a simple percutaneous needle aspiration of the epididymis or testis after local anaesthetic has been infiltrated around the spermatic chord. This procedure has been successfully repeated up to six times in some men. Epididymal or testicular sperm can be used to fertilize mature oocytes by intracytoplasmic injection in vitro. All offspring resulting from such procedures will be CF carriers and to reduce the probability this will result in a child with CF it is important the female partner has pre-treatment screening for CF mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard C Smith
- Institution Westmead Fertility Centre, Westmead Hospital, Contact details Westmead NSW 2145.
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43
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He Q, Tsang LL, Ajonuma LC, Chan HC. Abnormally up-regulated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator expression and uterine fluid accumulation contribute to Chlamydia trachomatis-induced female infertility. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:2608-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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44
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Li C, Naren AP. CFTR chloride channel in the apical compartments: spatiotemporal coupling to its interacting partners. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:161-77. [PMID: 20473396 DOI: 10.1039/b924455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated chloride channel located primarily at the apical or luminal surfaces of epithelial cells in the airway, intestine, pancreas, kidney, sweat gland, as well as male reproductive tract, where it plays a crucial role in transepithelial fluid homeostasis. CFTR dysfunction can be detrimental and may result in life-threatening disorders. CFTR hypofunctioning because of genetic defects leads to cystic fibrosis, the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasians, whereas CFTR hyperfunctioning resulting from various infections evokes secretory diarrhea, the leading cause of mortality in early childhood. Therefore, maintaining a dynamic balance between CFTR up-regulating processes and CFTR down-regulating processes is essential for maintaining fluid and body homeostasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that protein-protein interactions play a critical role in the fine-tuned regulation of CFTR function. A growing number of proteins have been reported to interact directly or indirectly with CFTR chloride channel, suggesting that CFTR might be coupled spatially and temporally to a wide variety of interacting partners including ion channels, receptors, transporters, scaffolding proteins, enzyme molecules, signaling molecules, and effectors. Most interactions occur primarily between the opposing terminal tails (amino or carboxyl) of CFTR protein and its binding partners, either directly or mediated through various PDZ scaffolding proteins. These dynamic interactions impact the channel function, as well as localization and processing of CFTR protein within cells. This article reviews the most recent progress and findings about the interactions between CFTR and its binding partners through PDZ scaffolding proteins, as well as the spatiotemporal regulation of CFTR-containing macromolecular signaling complexes in the apical compartments of polarized cells lining the secretory epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E. Canfield Avenue, 5312 Scott Hall, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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45
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CFTR May Modulate AQP9 Functionality in Preeclamptic Placentas. Placenta 2009; 30:642-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Belleannée C, Da Silva N, Shum WWC, Marsolais M, Laprade R, Brown D, Breton S. Segmental expression of the bradykinin type 2 receptor in rat efferent ducts and epididymis and its role in the regulation of aquaporin 9. Biol Reprod 2008; 80:134-43. [PMID: 18829705 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and solute transport in the efferent ducts and epididymis are important for the establishment of the appropriate luminal environment for sperm maturation and storage. Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) is the main water channel in the epididymis, but its regulation is still poorly understood. Components of the kinin-kallikrein system (KKS), leading to the production of bradykinin (BK), are highly expressed in the lumen of the male reproductive tract. We report here that the epididymal luminal fluid contains a significant amount of BK (2 nM). RT-PCR performed on epididymal epithelial cells isolated by laser capture microdissection (LCM) showed abundant BK type 2 receptor (Bdkrb2) mRNA expression but no type 1 receptor (Bdkrb1). Double-immunofluorescence staining for BDKRB2 and the anion exchanger AE2 (a marker of efferent duct ciliated cells) or the V-ATPase E subunit, official symbol ATP6V1E1 (a marker of epididymal clear cells), showed that BDKRB2 is expressed in the apical pole of nonciliated cells (efferent ducts) and principal cells (epididymis). Triple labeling for BDKRB2, AQP9, and ATP6V1E1 showed that BDKRB2 and AQP9 colocalize in the apical stereocilia of principal cells in the cauda epididymidis. While uniform Bdkrb2 mRNA expression was detected in the efferent ducts and along the epididymal tubule, marked variations were detected at the protein level. BDKRB2 was highest in the efferent ducts and cauda epididymidis, intermediate in the distal initial segment, moderate in the corpus, and undetectable in the proximal initial segment and the caput. Functional assays on tubules isolated from the distal initial segments showed that BK significantly increased AQP9-dependent glycerol apical membrane permeability. This effect was inhibited by BAPTA-AM, demonstrating the participation of calcium in this process. This study, therefore, identifies BK as an important regulator of AQP9.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Belleannée
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology/Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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47
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Robin G, Marcelli F, Mitchell V, Marchetti C, Lemaitre L, Dewailly D, Leroy-Billiard M, Rigot JM. [Why and how to assess hypospermia?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 36:1035-42. [PMID: 18801689 DOI: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypospermia is a semen volume lower than 2 mL on at least two semen analyses. The etiologies of hypospermia are many and may be divided into two pathophysiologic sub-groups: disturbances of ejaculation reflex leading to partial retrograde ejaculation and seminal glands and ducts anatomic and functional anomalies. In this last pathologic mechanism, the mutations of CFTR gene, involved in many different forms of cystic fibrosis, represent a possible cause of hypospermia. The molecular anomaly of CFTR gene's screening is very important for the potential descendents and for the patient himself. It must be considered any time clinic and/or paraclinic context is evocative.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Robin
- Service d'andrologie, hôpital Albert-Calmette, CHRU de Lille, 2, avenue Oscar-Lambret, 59037 Lille cedex, France.
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48
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Marengo SR. Maturing the sperm: Unique mechanisms for modifying integral proteins in the sperm plasma membrane. Anim Reprod Sci 2008; 105:52-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Dubé E, Hermo L, Chan PT, Cyr DG. Alterations in Gene Expression in the Caput Epididymides of Nonobstructive Azoospermic Men1. Biol Reprod 2008; 78:342-51. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.062760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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50
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Tamburino L, Guglielmino A, Venti E, Chamayou S. Molecular analysis of mutations and polymorphisms in the CFTR gene in male infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2008; 17:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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