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Kouznetsova A, Liu JG, Valentiniene S, Brismar H, Höög C. Age-dependent aneuploidy in mammalian oocytes instigated at the second meiotic division. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13649. [PMID: 35665589 PMCID: PMC9282850 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing severely affects the chromosome segregation process in human oocytes resulting in aneuploidy, infertility and developmental disorders. A considerable amount of segregation errors in humans are introduced at the second meiotic division. We have here compared the chromosome segregation process in young adult and aged female mice during the second meiotic division. More than half of the oocytes in aged mice displayed chromosome segregation irregularities at anaphase II, resulting in dramatically increased level of aneuploidy in haploid gametes, from 4% in young adult mice to 30% in aged mice. We find that the post‐metaphase II process that efficiently corrects aberrant kinetochore‐microtubule attachments in oocytes in young adult mice is approximately 10‐fold less efficient in aged mice, in particular affecting chromosomes that show small inter‐centromere distances at the metaphase II stage in aged mice. Our results reveal that post‐metaphase II processes have critical impact on age‐dependent aneuploidy in mammalian eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kouznetsova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jian Guo Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Sonata Valentiniene
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics Royal Institute of Technology Solna Sweden
| | - Christer Höög
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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2
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Ma JY, Li S, Chen LN, Schatten H, Ou XH, Sun QY. Why is oocyte aneuploidy increased with maternal aging? J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:659-671. [PMID: 33184002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the main causes of pregnancy failure and fetus abortion is oocyte aneuploidy, which is increased with maternal aging. Numerous possible causes of oocyte aneuploidy in aged women have been proposed, including cross-over formation defect, cohesin loss, spindle deformation, spindle assembly checkpoint malfunction, microtubule-kinetochore attachment failure, kinetochore mis-orientation, mitochondria dysfunction-induced increases in reactive oxygen species, protein over-acetylation, and DNA damage. However, it still needs to be answered if these aneuploidization factors have inherent relations, and how to prevent chromosome aneuploidy in aged oocytes. Epidemiologically, oocyte aneuploidy has been found to be weakly associated with higher homocysteine concentrations, obesity, ionizing radiation and even seasonality. In this review, we summarize the research progress and present an integrated view of oocyte aneuploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Ma
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Sen Li
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Lei-Ning Chen
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510317, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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3
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Rizzo M, du Preez N, Ducheyne KD, Deelen C, Beitsma MM, Stout TAE, de Ruijter-Villani M. The horse as a natural model to study reproductive aging-induced aneuploidy and weakened centromeric cohesion in oocytes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22220-22232. [PMID: 33139583 PMCID: PMC7695376 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aneuploidy of meiotic origin is a major contributor to age-related subfertility and an increased risk of miscarriage in women. Although age-related aneuploidy has been studied in rodents, the mare may be a more appropriate animal model to study reproductive aging. Similar to women, aged mares show reduced fertility and an increased incidence of early pregnancy loss; however, it is not known whether aging predisposes to aneuploidy in equine oocytes. We evaluated the effect of advanced mare age on (1) gene expression for cohesin components, (2) incidence of aneuploidy and (3) chromosome centromere cohesion (measured as the distance between sister kinetochores) in oocytes matured in vitro. Oocytes from aged mares showed reduced gene expression for the centromere cohesion stabilizing protein, Shugoshin 1. Moreover, in vitro matured oocytes from aged mares showed a higher incidence of aneuploidy and premature sister chromatid separation, and weakened centromeric cohesion. We therefore propose the mare as a valid model for studying effects of aging on centromeric cohesion; cohesion loss predisposes to disintegration of bivalents and premature separation of sister chromatids during the first meiotic division, leading to embryonic aneuploidy; this probably contributes to the reduced fertility and increased incidence of pregnancy loss observed in aged mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Rizzo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Nikola du Preez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Kaatje D. Ducheyne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
- Sussex Equine Hospital, Ashington, RH20 3BB, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Deelen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Mabel M. Beitsma
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
| | - Tom A. E. Stout
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
- Department of Production Animal Studies, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Marta de Ruijter-Villani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584 CM, the Netherlands
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4
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VanGenderen C, Harkness TAA, Arnason TG. The role of Anaphase Promoting Complex activation, inhibition and substrates in cancer development and progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15818-15855. [PMID: 32805721 PMCID: PMC7467358 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, facilitates mitotic and G1 progression, and is now recognized to play a role in maintaining genomic stability. Many APC substrates have been observed overexpressed in multiple cancer types, such as CDC20, the Aurora A and B kinases, and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), suggesting APC activity is important for cell health. We performed BioGRID analyses of the APC coactivators CDC20 and CDH1, which revealed that at least 69 proteins serve as APC substrates, with 60 of them identified as playing a role in tumor promotion and 9 involved in tumor suppression. While these substrates and their association with malignancies have been studied in isolation, the possibility exists that generalized APC dysfunction could result in the inappropriate stabilization of multiple APC targets, thereby changing tumor behavior and treatment responsiveness. It is also possible that the APC itself plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis through its regulation of mitotic progression. In this review the connections between APC activity and dysregulation will be discussed with regards to cell cycle dysfunction and chromosome instability in cancer, along with the individual roles that the accumulation of various APC substrates may play in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell VanGenderen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Troy Anthony Alan Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Terra Gayle Arnason
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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5
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Warren JD, Orr B, Compton DA. A comparative analysis of methods to measure kinetochore-microtubule attachment stability. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 158:91-116. [PMID: 32423652 PMCID: PMC7727308 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
During mitosis, spindle microtubules dynamically attach to and detach from kinetochores in a precise and regulated fashion. To ensure mitotic fidelity, kinetochore-microtubule (k-MT) attachments must be stable enough to satisfy the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), but sufficiently unstable to facilitate the correction of maloriented attachments. Different methods are available to assess k-MT stability in both live and fixed cells, but a comparative survey of these methods has not yet been reported. Here, we evaluate several quantitative and semiquantitative methods for determining k-MT stability and apply each technique to illustrate changes in spindle microtubule dynamics upon perturbation with physiologically relevant concentrations of microtubule stabilizing (Taxol) and destabilizing (UMK57 and nocodazole) compounds. We discuss the utility of each technique for defining specific features of spindle microtubule dynamics and k-MT attachment stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Warren
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Bernardo Orr
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Duane A Compton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, United States.
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Greenblatt EJ, Obniski R, Mical C, Spradling AC. Prolonged ovarian storage of mature Drosophila oocytes dramatically increases meiotic spindle instability. eLife 2019; 8:49455. [PMID: 31755866 PMCID: PMC6905857 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human oocytes frequently generate aneuploid embryos that subsequently miscarry. In contrast, Drosophila oocytes from outbred laboratory stocks develop fully regardless of maternal age. Since mature Drosophila oocytes are not extensively stored in the ovary under laboratory conditions like they are in the wild, we developed a system to investigate how storage affects oocyte quality. The developmental capacity of stored mature Drosophila oocytes decays in a precise manner over 14 days at 25°C. These oocytes are transcriptionally inactive and persist using ongoing translation of stored mRNAs. Ribosome profiling revealed a progressive 2.3-fold decline in average translational efficiency during storage that correlates with oocyte functional decay. Although normal bipolar meiotic spindles predominate during the first week, oocytes stored for longer periods increasingly show tripolar, monopolar and other spindle defects, and give rise to embryos that fail to develop due to aneuploidy. Thus, meiotic chromosome segregation in mature Drosophila oocytes is uniquely sensitive to prolonged storage. Our work suggests the chromosome instability of human embryos could be mitigated by reducing the period of time mature human oocytes are stored in the ovary prior to ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Greenblatt
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rebecca Obniski
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Claire Mical
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
| | - Allan C Spradling
- Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, United States
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7
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Dipali SS, Ferreira CR, Zhou LT, Pritchard MT, Duncan FE. Histologic analysis and lipid profiling reveal reproductive age-associated changes in peri-ovarian adipose tissue. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:46. [PMID: 31189477 PMCID: PMC6563378 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reproductive aging is a robust phenotype that occurs in all females and is characterized by a significant reduction in gamete quantity and quality, which can have negative consequences on both endocrine function and fertility. Age-associated differences in the oocyte, follicle, and ovary have been well-documented, but how the broader environment changes with age is less well understood. Fat is one of the largest organs in the body, and peri-gonadal adipose tissue surrounds the rodent ovary and comprises a local ovarian environment. The goal of this study was to characterize how peri-ovarian adipose tissue changes with advanced reproductive age. METHODS We isolated peri-gonadal adipose tissue from two cohorts of CB6F1 mice: reproductively young (6-12 weeks) and reproductively old (14-17 months). A comparative histological analysis was performed to evaluate adipocyte architecture. We then extracted lipids from the tissue and performed multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-profiling, a mass spectrometry-based method of metabolite profiling, to compare the lipid profiles of peri-gonadal adipose tissue in these age cohorts. RESULTS We found that advanced reproductive age was associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and a corresponding decrease in the number of adipocytes per area. Of the 10 lipid classes examined, triacylglycerols (TAGs) had significantly different profiles between young and old cohorts, despite quantitative analysis revealing a decrease in the total amount of TAGs per weight of peri-gonadal adipose tissue with age. CONCLUSIONS These findings pinpoint age-associated physiological changes in peri-gonadal adipose tissue with respect to adipocyte morphology and lipid profiles and lay the foundation for future studies to examine how these alterations may influence both adipocyte and ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta S Dipali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 7-117, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Christina R Ferreira
- Center for Analytical Instrumentation Development, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Luhan T Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 7-117, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Michele T Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E. Superior Street, Lurie 7-117, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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8
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Lane S, Kauppi L. Meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint and aneuploidy in males versus females. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1135-1150. [PMID: 30564841 PMCID: PMC6513798 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2986-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The production of gametes (sperm and eggs in mammals) involves two sequential cell divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes segregate to different daughter cells, and meiosis II resembles mitotic divisions in that sister chromatids separate. While in principle the process is identical in males and females, the time frame and susceptibility to chromosomal defects, including achiasmy and cohesion weakening, and the response to mis-segregating chromosomes are not. In this review, we compare and contrast meiotic spindle assembly checkpoint function and aneuploidy in the two sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lane
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 85, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO171BJ, UK
| | - Liisa Kauppi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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9
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Camlin NJ, McLaughlin EA, Holt JE. Motoring through: the role of kinesin superfamily proteins in female meiosis. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23:409-420. [PMID: 28431155 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kinesin motor protein family consists of 14 distinct subclasses and 45 kinesin proteins in humans. A large number of these proteins, or their orthologues, have been shown to possess essential function(s) in both the mitotic and the meiotic cell cycle. Kinesins have important roles in chromosome separation, microtubule dynamics, spindle formation, cytokinesis and cell cycle progression. This article contains a review of the literature with respect to the role of kinesin motor proteins in female meiosis in model species. Throughout, we discuss the function of each class of kinesin proteins during oocyte meiosis, and where such data are not available their role in mitosis is considered. Finally, the review highlights the potential clinical importance of this family of proteins for human oocyte quality. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE To examine the role of kinesin motor proteins in oocyte meiosis. SEARCH METHODS A search was performed on the Pubmed database for journal articles published between January 1970 and February 2017. Search terms included 'oocyte kinesin' and 'meiosis kinesin' in addition to individual kinesin names with the terms oocyte or meiosis. OUTCOMES Within human cells 45 kinesin motor proteins have been discovered, with the role of only 13 of these proteins, or their orthologues, investigated in female meiosis. Furthermore, of these kinesins only half have been examined in mammalian oocytes, despite alterations occurring in gene transcripts or protein expression with maternal ageing, cryopreservation or behavioral conditions, such as binge drinking, for many of them. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Kinesin motor proteins have distinct and important roles throughout oocyte meiosis in many non-mammalian model species. However, the functions these proteins have in mammalian meiosis, particularly in humans, are less clear owing to lack of research. This review brings to light the need for more experimental investigation of kinesin motor proteins, particularly those associated with maternal ageing, cryopreservation or exposure to environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Camlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Janet E Holt
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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10
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Lane SIR, Jones KT. Chromosome biorientation and APC activity remain uncoupled in oocytes with reduced volume. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3949-3957. [PMID: 28978643 PMCID: PMC5716262 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lane and Jones use serial bisection of mouse oocytes to analyze the influence of cytoplasmic volume on spindle assembly checkpoint function. Volume reduction promotes inhibition of APC but cannot prevent chromosome segregation errors at anaphase. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents chromosome missegregation by coupling anaphase onset with correct chromosome attachment and tension to microtubules. It does this by generating a diffusible signal from free kinetochores into the cytoplasm, inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). The volume in which this signal remains effective is unknown. This raises the possibility that cell volume may be the reason the SAC is weak, and chromosome segregation error-prone, in mammalian oocytes. Here, by a process of serial bisection, we analyzed the influence of oocyte volume on the ability of the SAC to inhibit bivalent segregation in meiosis I. We were able to generate oocytes with cytoplasmic volumes reduced by 86% and observed changes in APC activity consistent with increased SAC control. However, bivalent biorientation remained uncoupled from APC activity, leading to error-prone chromosome segregation. We conclude that volume is one factor contributing to SAC weakness in oocytes. However, additional factors likely uncouple chromosome biorientation with APC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I R Lane
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keith T Jones
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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Lu YQ, He XC, Zheng P. Decrease in expression of maternal effect gene Mater is associated with maternal ageing in mice. Mol Hum Reprod 2016; 22:252-60. [PMID: 26769260 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY HYPOTHESIS What factors in mouse oocytes are involved in the ageing-related decline in oocyte quality? STUDY FINDING The maternal effect gene Mater is involved in ageing-related oocyte quality decline in mice. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Premature loss of centromere cohesion is a hallmark of ageing-related oocyte quality decline; the maternal effect gene Mater (maternal antigen that embryos require, also known as Nlrp5) is required for preimplantation embryo development beyond the 2-cell stage, and mRNA expression of Mater decreases with maternal ageing. STUDY DESIGN, SAMPLES/MATERIALS, METHODS Mater protein expression level in mature oocytes from 7 young (5-8 weeks old) to 7 old mice (41-68 weeks old) was compared by immunoblotting analysis. Wild-type and Mater-null mice were used to examine whether Mater is necessary for maintaining normal centromere cohesion by means of cytogenetic karyotyping, time-lapse confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence staining. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Mater protein is decreased in mature oocytes from old versus young mice (P = 0.0022). Depletion of Mater from oocytes leads to a reduction in centromere cohesion, manifested by precocious sister chromatid separation, enlargement of sister centromere distance and misalignment of chromosomes in the metaphase plate during meiosis I and II. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was conducted in mice. Whether or not the results are applicable to human remains further elucidation. In addition, we were unable to confirm if the strain of mice (C57BL/6XSv129) at the age of 41-68 weeks old has the 'cohesin-loss' phenotype. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Investigating Mater's functional mechanisms could provide fresh insights into understanding how the ageing-related oocyte quality decline occurs. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTERESTS This work was supported by the research grant from Chinese NSFC to P.Z. (31071274). We have no conflict of interests to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xie-chao He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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12
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Patel J, Tan SL, Hartshorne GM, McAinsh AD. Unique geometry of sister kinetochores in human oocytes during meiosis I may explain maternal age-associated increases in chromosomal abnormalities. Biol Open 2015; 5:178-84. [PMID: 26718930 PMCID: PMC4823989 DOI: 10.1242/bio.016394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The first meiotic division in human oocytes is highly error-prone and contributes to the uniquely high incidence of aneuploidy observed in human pregnancies. A successful meiosis I (MI) division entails separation of homologous chromosome pairs and co-segregation of sister chromatids. For this to happen, sister kinetochores must form attachments to spindle kinetochore-fibres emanating from the same pole. In mouse and budding yeast, sister kinetochores remain closely associated with each other during MI, enabling them to act as a single unified structure. However, whether this arrangement also applies in human meiosis I oocytes was unclear. In this study, we perform high-resolution imaging of over 1900 kinetochores in human oocytes, to examine the geometry and architecture of the human meiotic kinetochore. We reveal that sister kinetochores in MI are not physically fused, and instead individual kinetochores within a pair are capable of forming independent attachments to spindle k-fibres. Notably, with increasing female age, the separation between kinetochores increases, suggesting a degradation of centromeric cohesion and/or changes in kinetochore architecture. Our data suggest that the differential arrangement of sister kinetochores and dual k-fibre attachments may explain the high proportion of unstable attachments that form in MI and thus indicate why human oocytes are prone to aneuploidy, particularly with increasing maternal age. Summary: Sister kinetochores in meiosis I human oocytes are not physically fused, with the degree of separation increasing with maternal age. This may have implications for the high incidence of aneuploidy in human oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Patel
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Seang Lin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Geraldine M Hartshorne
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Andrew D McAinsh
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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13
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Touati SA, Wassmann K. How oocytes try to get it right: spindle checkpoint control in meiosis. Chromosoma 2015; 125:321-35. [PMID: 26255654 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The generation of a viable, diploid organism depends on the formation of haploid gametes, oocytes, and spermatocytes, with the correct number of chromosomes. Halving the genome requires the execution of two consecutive specialized cell divisions named meiosis I and II. Unfortunately, and in contrast to male meiosis, chromosome segregation in oocytes is error prone, with human oocytes being extraordinarily "meiotically challenged". Aneuploid oocytes, that are with the wrong number of chromosomes, give rise to aneuploid embryos when fertilized. In humans, most aneuploidies are lethal and result in spontaneous abortions. However, some trisomies survive to birth or even adulthood, such as the well-known trisomy 21, which gives rise to Down syndrome (Nagaoka et al. in Nat Rev Genet 13:493-504, 2012). A staggering 20-25 % of oocytes ready to be fertilized are aneuploid in humans. If this were not bad enough, there is an additional increase in meiotic missegregations as women get closer to menopause. A woman above 40 has a risk of more than 30 % of getting pregnant with a trisomic child. Worse still, in industrialized western societies, child birth is delayed, with women getting their first child later in life than ever. This trend has led to an increase of trisomic pregnancies by 70 % in the last 30 years (Nagaoka et al. in Nat Rev Genet 13:493-504, 2012; Schmidt et al. in Hum Reprod Update 18:29-43, 2012). To understand why errors occur so frequently during the meiotic divisions in oocytes, we review here the molecular mechanisms at works to control chromosome segregation during meiosis. An important mitotic control mechanism, namely the spindle assembly checkpoint or SAC, has been adapted to the special requirements of the meiotic divisions, and this review will focus on our current knowledge of SAC control in mammalian oocytes. Knowledge on how chromosome segregation is controlled in mammalian oocytes may help to identify risk factors important for questions related to human reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Touati
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, France.,Chromosome Segregation Laboratory, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. .,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, France.
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Danylevska A, Kovacovicova K, Awadova T, Anger M. The frequency of precocious segregation of sister chromatids in mouse female meiosis I is affected by genetic background. Chromosome Res 2014; 22:365-73. [PMID: 24935618 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-014-9428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian female gametes frequently suffer from numerical chromosomal aberrations, the main cause of miscarriages and severe developmental defects. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the development of aneuploidy in oocytes are still not completely understood and remain a subject of extensive research. From studies focused on prevalence of aneuploidy in mouse oocytes, it has become obvious that reported rates of aneuploidy are strongly dependent on the method used for chromosome counting. In addition, it seems likely that differences between mouse strains could influence the frequency of aneuploidy as well; however, up till now, such a comparison has not been available. Therefore, in our study, we measured the levels of aneuploidy which has resulted from missegregation in meiosis I, in oocytes of three commonly used mouse strains-CD-1, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6. Our results revealed that, although the overall chromosomal numerical aberration rates were similar in all three strains, a different number of oocytes in each strain contained prematurely segregated sister chromatids (PSSC). This indicates that a predisposition for this type of chromosome segregation error in oocyte meiosis I is dependent on genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Danylevska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Shomper M, Lappa C, FitzHarris G. Kinetochore microtubule establishment is defective in oocytes from aged mice. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1171-9. [PMID: 24553117 DOI: 10.4161/cc.28046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Errors in chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes increase in number with advancing maternal age, and are a major cause of pregnancy loss. Why chromosome segregation errors are more common in oocytes from older females remains poorly understood. In mitosis, accurate chromosome segregation is enabled by attachment of kinetochores to microtubules from appropriate spindle poles, and erroneous attachments increase the likelihood of mis-segregation. Whether attachment errors are responsible for age-related oocyte aneuploidy is unknown. Here we report that oocytes from naturally aged mice exhibit substantially increased chromosome misalignment, and fewer kinetochore pairs that make stable end-on attachments to the appropriate spindle poles compared with younger oocytes. The profile of mis-attachments exhibited is consistent with the types of chromosome segregation error observed in aged oocytes. Loss of chromosome cohesion, which is a feature of oocytes from older females, causes altered kinetochore geometry in meiosis-I. However, this has only a minor impact upon MT attachment, indicating that cohesion loss is not the primary cause of aneuploidy in meiosis-I. In meiosis-II, on the other hand, age-related cohesion loss plays a direct role in errors, since prematurely individualized sister chromatids misalign and misattach to spindle MTs. Thus, whereas cohesion loss leading to precocious sister chromatid separation is a direct cause of errors in meiosis-II, cohesion loss plays a more minor role in the etiology of aneuploidy in meiosis-I. Our data introduce altered MT-kinetochore interactions as a lesion that explains aneuploidy in meiosis-I in older females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shomper
- Cell and Developmental Biology; University College London; London, UK
| | - Christina Lappa
- Cell and Developmental Biology; University College London; London, UK
| | - Greg FitzHarris
- Cell and Developmental Biology; University College London; London, UK
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Abstract
Mammalian oocytes are particularly error prone in segregating their chromosomes during their two meiotic divisions. This results in the creation of an embryo that has inherited the wrong number of chromosomes: it is aneuploid. The incidence of aneuploidy rises significantly with maternal age and so there is much interest in understanding this association and the underlying causes of aneuploidy. The spindle assembly checkpoint, a surveillance mechanism that operates in all cells to prevent chromosome mis-segregation, and the cohesive ties that hold those chromosomes together, have thus both been the subject of intensive investigation in oocytes. It is possible that a lowered sensitivity of the spindle assembly checkpoint to certain types of chromosome attachment error may endow oocytes with an innate susceptibility to aneuploidy, which is made worse by an age-related loss in the factors that hold the chromosomes together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith T Jones
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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