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Cools S, Van den Broeck W, De Vliegher S, Piepers S, Hostens M, Opsomer G. Topographic Distribution of the Different Cell Types, Connective Tissue and Vascular Tissue/Lumina Within a Functional Bovine Corpus Luteum and its Association with Breed, Type of Fixation Protocol and Stage During the Cycle. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 48:627-35. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cools
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - W Van den Broeck
- Department of Morphology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - S De Vliegher
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - S Piepers
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - M Hostens
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
| | - G Opsomer
- Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke; Belgium
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Maranesi M, Zerani M, Lilli L, Dall'Aglio C, Brecchia G, Gobbetti A, Boiti C. Expression of luteal estrogen receptor, interleukin-1, and apoptosis-associated genes after PGF2alpha administration in rabbits at different stages of pseudopregnancy. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2010; 39:116-30. [PMID: 20427144 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic expression for estrogen receptor subtype-1 (ESR1), interleukin-1beta (IL1B), and apoptosis-associated genes, as well as nitric oxide synthase activity, were examined in corpora lutea (CL) of rabbits after prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) administration on either day 4 or day 9 of pseudopregnancy. By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, the steady-state level of ESR1 transcript was lower (P < 0.01) and that of anti-apoptotic B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) -like 1 (BCL2L1) was greater in day 4 (P < 0.01) than in day 9 CL. Western blot analysis revealed that BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) abundance was greater in day 4 (P < 0.01) than in day 9 CL, whereas BCL2L1 protein was undetectable at both luteal stages. After PGF(2alpha), ESR1 transcript decreased (P < 0.01) in day 9 CL, whereas IL1B mRNA showed a transitory increase (P < 0.01) at both stages. The pro-apoptotic tumor protein p53 (TP53) gene had diminished (P < 0.01) on day 4 and on day 9 after a transitory increase (P < 0.01), whereas the BAX/BCL2L1 expression ratio increased (P < 0.01) in day 9 CL 24 h after treatment. Following PGF(2alpha), TP53 protein increased (P < 0.01) at both luteal stages, and BAX decreased (P < 0.01) in day 4 CL but increased (P < 0.01) 24 h later in day 9 CL; BCL2L1 became detectable 6 h later in day 4 CL. Nitric oxide synthase activity temporarily increased (P < 0.01) following PGF(2alpha). These findings suggest that PGF(2alpha) regulates luteolysis by ESR1 mRNA down-regulation and modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways in CL that have acquired a luteolytic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maranesi
- Department of Veterinary Biopathological Science, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Section of Physiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Boiti C, Maranesi M, Dall'aglio C, Pascucci L, Brecchia G, Gobbetti A, Zerani M. Vasoactive Peptides in the Luteolytic Process Activated by PGF2alpha in Pseudopregnant Rabbits at Different Luteal Stages1. Biol Reprod 2007; 77:156-64. [PMID: 17360961 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.106.055889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To study the role of endothelial factors in luteal function, the dynamic profiles of genes for endothelin 1 (EDN1), its receptor subtypes, EDNRA and EDNRB, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were examined in corpora lutea (CL) obtained from rabbits on Days 4 and 9 of pseudopregnancy after prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha analogue (alfaprostol) treatment. The cell type distribution of EDN1 in the ovaries and its mechanisms of actions in vitro and in vivo were also studied. Positive immunostaining for EDN1 was localized in the luteal and endothelial cells, in granulosa cells of the follicles, and in the ovarian epithelium. The basal mRNA levels for EDNRA, EDNRB, and ACE were lower (P </= 0.01) in Day-4 CL than in Day-9 CL, whereas those for EDN1 did not differ between these two time-points. On Day 4, the luteal EDN1, EDNRA, EDNRB, and ACE mRNA levels were similarly increased two-fold (P </= 0.01) 1.5 h after alfaprostol injection, and did not show further changes in the subsequent 24 h. On Day 9, alfaprostol challenge transiently up-regulated (P </= 0.01) the luteal ACE transcripts at 1.5 h, and those of EDN1 at 1.5 h and 3 h, whereas the EDNRA and EDNRB transcript levels remained unchanged during the course of luteal regression. EDN1 decreased (P </= 0.01) progesterone release and increased (P </= 0.01) PGF2alpha secretion and NOS activity via the PLC/PKC pathway in Day-9 CL, but not in Day-4 CL, cultured in vitro. EDN1-induced, but not alfaprostol-induced luteolysis, was blocked by cotreatment in vivo with the ACE antagonist captopril. These findings support the hypothesis that PGF2alpha regulates luteolysis through intraluteal activation of the renin-angiotensin/EDN1 systems in CL that have acquired luteolytic competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Boiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biopatologiche ed Igiene delle Produzioni Animali e Alimentari, Sezione di Fisiologia veterinaria, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Fisiologiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
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Boiti C, Guelfi G, Brecchia G, Dall'Aglio C, Ceccarelli P, Maranesi M, Mariottini C, Zampini D, Gobbetti A, Zerani M. Role of the endothelin-1 system in the luteolytic process of pseudopregnant rabbits. Endocrinology 2005; 146:1293-300. [PMID: 15591146 DOI: 10.1210/en.2004-1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to better understand the role of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) system in the process of controlling the corpora lutea (CL) life span in rabbits. ET-1 (10 microg iv) administration at d 9 and 12 of pseudopregnancy induced a functional luteolysis within 24 h of injection, but it was ineffective at both d 4 and 6. Pretreatments with Bosentan, a dual ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, or cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor blocked the luteolytic action of ET-1 but not that induced by prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha). In CL cultured in vitro, ET-1 increased (P </= 0.01) both PGF(2alpha) production and luteal nitric oxide synthase activity but decreased (P < or = 0.01) progesterone release. Addition of ET(A) receptor antagonist BQ123 or COX inhibitor blocked the ET-1 luteolytic effects. Positive staining for ET-1 receptors was localized in ovarian blood vessels, granulosa cells of large follicles, and luteal cells. Immunoblot analysis of ET-1 receptor protein revealed a strong band of approximately 48 kDa in d-9 CL. Up to d 6 of pseudopregnancy, ET-1 mRNA abundance in CL was poorly expressed but then increased (P < or = 0.01) at d 9 and 13. ET(A)-receptor transcript increased (P < or = 0.01) at d 6, remained at the same level up to d 13, and then declined to the lowest (P < or = 0.01) levels at d 22. ET(B)-receptor mRNA increased (P < or = 0.01) throughout the late-luteal stage from d 13 up to d 18. Our data suggest that the luteolytic action of ET-1 may be a result of PGF2alpha synthesis from both luteal and accessory cells, via the COX pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Boiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze biopatologiche veterinarie, Sezione di Fisiologia, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie fisiologiche, Università of Perugia, S. Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
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Krusche CA, Möller G, Beier HM, Adamski J. Expression and regulation of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 7 in the rabbit. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2001; 171:169-77. [PMID: 11165026 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(00)00423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We cloned partial cDNA sequences of rabbit 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17beta-HSD1) and 17beta-HSD7. We analyzed the tissue distribution of 17beta-HSD7 as well as the expression in corpus luteum and endometrium during pseudopregnancy. The obtained cDNA sequence of 17beta-HSD7 coded for all functional regions of the protein and showed 86 and 81% similarity to human and rodent sequences, respectively. The partial sequence of rabbit 17beta-HSD1 was 76 and 82% similar to rodent and human sequences. By Northern analysis 17beta-HSD7 expression was predominantly found in reproductive organs like ovary, oviduct, endometrium, placenta and mammary gland. Substantial expression was also apparent in the heart, stomach and cerebellum. The 17beta-HSD1 could be detected in placenta by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), so far. During rabbit pseudopregnancy 17beta-HSD7 expression was found to be regulated in corpus luteum as well as in endometrium. In the corpus luteum, strongest expression occurred from d10 to d14 of pseudopregnancy (p. hCG) and was downregulated on d16 p. hCG. In endometrium strongest expression of 17beta-HSD7 was found on d6 p. hCG, when the endometrium was differentiated to its implantation permissive status.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Krusche
- Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, RWTH University of Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, D-52057, Aachen, Germany.
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Dharmarajan AM, Hisheh S, Singh B, Parkinson S, Tilly KI, Tilly JL. Antioxidants mimic the ability of chorionic gonadotropin to suppress apoptosis in the rabbit corpus luteum in vitro: a novel role for superoxide dismutase in regulating bax expression. Endocrinology 1999; 140:2555-61. [PMID: 10342842 DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.6.6713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that members of the bcl-2 gene family are expressed and estradiol regulated in rabbit luteal cells during corpus luteum (CL) regression, and that estradiol and hCG are effective inhibitors of apoptosis in the rabbit CL in vivo and in vitro. As Bcl-2 and related proteins are known to regulate levels of reactive oxygen species or their intermediates in cells as one possible mechanism to control apoptosis, the present studies were designed to examine if oxidative stress plays a role in luteal cell apoptosis during CL regression in the rabbit. In the first set of experiments, healthy CL obtained from day 11 pseudopregnant rabbits were incubated in serum-free medium for 2 h in the absence or presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD; 1.5-150 U/ml), ascorbic acid (1-100 mM), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (25 and 50 mM), or catalase (10-1000 U/ml). Cells within CL incubated in medium alone exhibited extensive apoptosis (examined by analysis of extracted DNA using 3'-end labeling), and this onset of apoptosis was blocked in a dose-dependent fashion by treatment with SOD, ascorbic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or catalase. In the second set of experiments, expression of bax and bcl-x in CL after in vitro treatment without and with 100 U/ml SOD was examined. Although SOD treatment did not alter the levels of bcl-x messenger RNA (mRNA) over the 2-h incubation period, this antioxidant enzyme significantly reduced the levels of bax mRNA in incubated CL. In the final set of experiments, we observed that expression of mitochondrial- or manganese-containing SOD was significantly increased by treatment of isolated CL with 1 microg/ml hCG in vitro, whereas bax mRNA levels were significantly reduced under the same culture conditions. Collectively, these data indicate that the gonadotropin-mediated inhibition of apoptosis in rabbit luteal cells involves enhanced expression of the oxidative stress response gene, manganese-containing SOD, whose protein product may then function to protect luteal cells directly from the damaging effect of reactive oxygen species and/or indirectly by acutely down-regulating expression of Bax, a prooxidant member of the Bcl-2 protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Dharmarajan
- Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, Australia.
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Keenan DL, Dharmarajan AM, Zacur HA. Dietary carrot results in diminished ovarian progesterone secretion, whereas a metabolite, retinoic acid, stimulates progesterone secretion in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary. Fertil Steril 1997; 68:358-63. [PMID: 9240270 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of dietary carrots and retinoic acid on P secretion in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary. DESIGN Controlled experiment. SETTING Laboratory. SUBJECTS Sexually mature New Zealand white rabbits. INTERVENTION(S) Experiments were done in vitro using an isolated rabbit ovarian perfusion system after acute feeding of carrots or with in vitro exposure to retinoic acid. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Progesterone and E2 were measured in aliquots taken from arterial and venous cannulas. RESULT(S) Progesterone secretion during the in vitro perfusion of six ovaries is significantly diminished after the acute feeding of carrots. Human chorionic gonadotropin-induced P secretion also is significantly reduced. Progesterone secretion during in vitro perfusion on day 1 of pseudopregnancy was significantly increased in the perfusate samples from ovaries taken from rabbits not acutely fed carrots but that were exposed to retinoic acid. Progesterone secretion was increased but only marginally significant on day 11 of pseudopregnancy in perfusate samples from ovaries exposed to retinoic acid. CONCLUSION(S) Rabbit ovarian P secretion may be modified by carrots and carotene metabolites. This effect on steroid secretion may contribute to the relationship between hypercarotenemia and alterations in menstrual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Keenan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Olofsson J, Norjavaara E, Selstam G. Synthesis of prostaglandin F2 alpha, E2 and prostacyclin in isolated corpora lutea of adult pseudopregnant rats throughout the luteal life-span. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1992; 46:151-61. [PMID: 1502252 DOI: 10.1016/0952-3278(92)90222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability of de novo biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) in individual whole corpora lutea (CL) obtained from sterile-mated adult pseudopregnant rats on different days of the luteal phase and the post-luteolytic period was evaluated. Production of PGs, progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone were determined after in vitro incubation of CL extirpated from Day 2 to Day 19 after mating. A time-relationship with increased accumulation of PGs in the medium was demonstrated from 18 s to 5 h, with large increments during the first 30 min. Basal accumulation of PGs in the incubation medium was highest for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin) greater than PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and basal accumulation of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 measured in the medium was maximal on Day 10-11 of pseudopregnancy, concomitantly with a decline in secretion of progesterone. Addition of arachidonic acid (AA) dose-dependently increased synthesis of PGs, with absolute amounts of PGE2 greater than 6-keto-PGF1 alpha greater than PGF2 alpha greater than TXB2 and addition of 14 microM indomethacin markedly inhibited accumulation of all PGs measured. Luteinizing hormone (LH, 10 micrograms/ml) stimulated progesterone secretion on all days during pseudopregnancy, but not on the post-luteolytic Day 19. LH increased PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha secretion on Day 13 of pseudopregnancy by 76%, 91% and 28%, respectively, but not on the other days tested. Furthermore, stimulation of PG-synthesis by addition of AA abrogated the LH-induced progesterone accumulation markedly, but only on Day 13 of pseudopregnancy. Epinephrine (5 micrograms/ml) increased production of progesterone and also PGs, but only on Day 2 of pseudopregnancy, whereas oxytocin (100 mIU/ml) was found to be without effect on progesterone as well as PG secretion on all days tested. The results of the present study demonstrates the independent ability of the rat CL to synthesize PGG/PGH2-derived prostaglandins, including the putative luteolysin PGF2 alpha. Secondly, we demonstrate that LH and AA-induced increases in PGF2 alpha and PGE2 production during the luteolytic period, may be an autocrine or paracrine mechanism involved in luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Olofsson
- Department of Physiology, University of Umeå, Sweden
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Miyazaki T, Dharmarajan AM, Atlas SJ, Katz E, Wallach EE. Do prostaglandins lead to ovulation in the rabbit by stimulating proteolytic enzyme activity? Fertil Steril 1991; 55:1183-8. [PMID: 2037112 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if prostaglandins (PGs) have a direct effect on the ovarian proteolytic enzyme system by examining ultrastructure of the follicle wall and the microvasculature in the presence and absence of indomethacin and by using the isolated perfused rabbit ovary. DESIGN Nine hours after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) or hCG plus indomethacin, follicles were removed and processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Isolated perfused rabbit ovaries were induced to ovulate with PGF2 alpha (100 ng/mL) in the presence and absence of tranexamic acid (0.1, 1.0, or 10 mM), a plasminogen activator inhibitor. RESULTS The addition of indomethacin to hCG inhibited ovulation and production of PGs without affecting the follicular microvasculature. However, the changes in follicle wall architecture were less pronounced after treatment with indomethacin. Ovulatory efficiency in response to PGF2 alpha (the percent of follicles greater than 1.5 mm that ovulate) was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) by 10 mM tranexamic acid. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PGs induce follicular rupture by activation of proteolytic enzymes located in the follicle wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyazaki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Katz E, Dharmarajan AM, Sueoka K, Ghodganonkar RB, Dubin NH, Wallach EE. Effects of systemic administration of indomethacin on ovulation, luteinization, and steroidogenesis in the rabbit ovary. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989; 161:1361-6. [PMID: 2589463 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(89)90697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Indomethacin blocks ovulation in human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated rabbits. Experiments were done with an in vitro ovarian perfusion system to investigate whether indomethacin affects luteinization and steroidogenesis. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was administered in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (100 IU) via a marginal ear vein, and a second dose of indomethacin was given 8 hours later. Control animals received vehicle in place of indomethacin. Laparotomy was performed 24 hours after the initial treatment. The presence of unruptured follicles and corpora lutea was recorded and the ovaries were perfused in vitro for 3 hours. Progesterone, prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostaglandin E2, and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha were measured in samples obtained at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes from the circulating perfusion medium entering and exiting the ovary. At the end of the perfusion all ovaries (12 treated and 10 controls) were fixed for histologic analysis. Ovulation occurred in all control ovaries but in none of the indomethacin-treated ovaries. The mean number of unruptured follicles per ovary in the treated group was not significantly different from the number of corpora lutea plus unruptured follicles per ovary in the controls. Cells in both groups were qualitatively similar in ultrastructure; abundant lipid droplets, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria were seen. Secretion rates of progesterone and prostaglandin did not differ between the two groups during the 3-hour perfusion period. These results suggest that transformation of granulosa cells into fully functional luteal cells can occur in the absence of follicular rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Katz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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