1
|
Chen Z, Gong C, Tang Y, Zhu Y, Wang S, Ge RS, Ying Y. Inhibitory effects of parabens on human and rat 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: Mechanisms of action and impact on hormone synthesis. Toxicology 2024; 506:153873. [PMID: 38986729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Parabens are commonly used preservatives in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical products. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of nine parabens on human and rat 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17β-HSD1) in human placental and rat ovarian cytosols, as well as on estradiol synthesis in BeWo cells. The results showed that the IC50 values for these compounds varied from methylparaben with the weakest inhibition (106.42 μM) to hexylparaben with the strongest inhibition (2.05 μM) on human 17β-HSD1. Mode action analysis revealed that these compounds acted as mixed inhibitors. For rats, the IC50 values ranged from the weakest inhibition for methylparaben (no inhibition at 100 μM) to the most potent inhibition for hexylparaben (0.87 μM), and they functioned as mixed inhibitors. Docking analysis indicated that parabens bind to the region bridging the NADPH and steroid binding sites of human 17β-HSD1 and the NADPH binding site of rat 17β-HSD1. Bivariate correlation analysis demonstrated negative correlations between LogP, molecular weight, heavy atoms, and apolar desolvation energy, and the IC50 values of these compounds. In conclusion, this study identified the inhibitory effects of parabens and their binding mechanisms on human and rat 17β-HSD1, as well as their impact on hormone synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zouqi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chaochao Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Male Health and Environment of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China.
| | - Yingfen Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He J, Ji Z, Sang J, Quan H, Zhang H, Lu H, Zheng J, Wang S, Ge RS, Li X. Potent inhibition of human and rat 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 by curcuminoids and the metabolites: 3D QSAR and in silico docking analysis. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 35:433-456. [PMID: 38785078 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2024.2355529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Curcumin, an extensively utilized natural pigment in the food industry, has attracted considerable attention due to its potential therapeutic effects, such as anti-tumorigenic and anti-inflammatory activities. The enzyme 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17β-HSD1) holds a crucial position in oestradiol production and exhibits significant involvement in oestrogen-responsive breast cancers and endometriosis. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of curcuminoids, metabolites, and analogues on 17β-HSD1, a key enzyme in oestradiol synthesis. Screening 10 compounds, including demethoxycurcumin (IC50, 3.97 μM) and dihydrocurcumin (IC50, 5.84 μM), against human and rat 17β-HSD1 revealed varying inhibitory potencies. These compounds suppressed oestradiol secretion in human BeWo cells at ≥ 5-10 μM. 3D-Quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and molecular docking analyses elucidated the interaction mechanisms. Docking studies and Gromacs simulations suggested competitive or mixed binding to the steroid or NADPH/steroid binding sites of 17β-HSD1. Predictive 3D-QSAR models highlighted the importance of hydrophobic regions and hydrogen bonding in inhibiting 17β-HSD1 activity. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the inhibitory effects and mode of action of curcuminoids, metabolites, and analogues on 17β-HSD1, which may have implications in the field of hormone-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yuying Children's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Z Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yuying Children's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - J Sang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yuying Children's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - H Quan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yuying Children's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yuying Children's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - H Lu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - J Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - R S Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yuying Children's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yuying Children's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Male Reproductive Medicine of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen C, Chen H, Tang Y, Lin H, Xu C, Ying Y, Zhu Y, Miao X, Ge RS, Chen C, Chen S. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances inhibit human and rat 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: Quantitative structure-activity relationship and molecular docking analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116173. [PMID: 38452703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) substances are enduring industrial materials. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform 1 (17β-HSD1) is an estrogen metabolizing enzyme, which transforms estrone into estradiol in human placenta and rat ovary. Whether PFAS inhibit 17β-HSD1 and what the structure-activity relationship (SAR) remains unexplored. We screened 18 PFAS for inhibiting human and rat 17β-HSD1 in microsomes and studied their SAR and mode of action(MOA). Of the 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), C8-C14 PFCAs at a concentration of 100 μM substantially inhibited human 17β-HSD1, with order of C11 (half-maximal inhibition concentration, IC50, 8.94 μM) > C10 (10.52 μM) > C12 (14.90 μM) > C13 (30.97 μM) > C9 (43.20 μM) > C14 (44.83 μM) > C8 (73.38 μM) > others. Of the 7 per- and poly-fluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), the potency was C8S (IC50, 14.93 μM) > C7S (80.70 μM) > C6S (177.80 μM) > others. Of the PFCAs, C8-C14 PFCAs at 100 μM markedly reduced rat 17β-HSD1 activity, with order of C11 (IC50, 9.11 μM) > C12 (14.30 μM) > C10 (18.24 μM) > C13 (25.61 μM) > C9 (67.96 μM) > C8 (204.39 μM) > others. Of the PFSAs, the potency was C8S (IC50, 37.19 μM) > C7S (49.38 μM) > others. In contrast to PFOS (C6S), the partially fluorinated compound 6:2 FTS with an equivalent number of carbon atoms demonstrated no inhibition of human and rat 17β-HSD1 activity at a concentration of 100 μM. The inhibition of human and rat enzymes by PFAS followed a V-shaped trend from C4 to C14, with a nadir at C11. Moreover, human 17β-HSD1 was more sensitive than rat enzyme. PFAS inhibited human and rat 17β-HSD1 in a mixed mode. Docking analysis revealed that they bind to the NADPH and steroid binding site of both 17β-HSD1 enzymes. The 3D quantitative SAR (3D-QSAR) showed that hydrophobic region, hydrogen bond acceptor and donor are key factors in binding to 17β-HSD1 active sites. In conclusion, PFAS exhibit inhibitory effects on human and rat 17β-HSD1 depending on factors such as carbon chain length, degree of fluorination, and the presence of carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid groups, with a notable V-shaped shift observed at C11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wen
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Congcong Xu
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yingfen Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Male Health and Environment of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Xinjun Miao
- Department of Emergency, the Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Male Health and Environment of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen S, Wang S, Zheng J, Lu H, Chen H, Tang Y, Wang N, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Duan P, Ge RS. Bisphenol analogues inhibit human and rat 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and in silico docking analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114052. [PMID: 37758047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenols, estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals, disrupt at least one of three endocrine pathways (estrogen, androgen, and thyroid). 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17β-HSD1) is a steroidogenic enzyme that catalyzes the activation of estradiol from estrone in human placenta and rat ovary. However, whether bisphenols inhibit 17β-HSD1 and the mode of action remains unclear. This study we screened 17 bisphenols for inhibiting human 17β-HSD1 in placental microsomes and rat 17β-HSD1 in ovarian microsomes and determined 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and mode of action. We observed some bisphenols with substituents were found to significantly inhibit both human and rat 17β-HSD1 with the most potent inhibition on human enzyme by bisphenol H (IC50 = 0.90 μM) when compared to bisphenol A (IC50 = 113.38 μM). Rat enzyme was less sensitive to the inhibition of bisphenols than human enzyme with bisphenol H (IC50 = 32.94 μM) for rat enzyme. We observed an inverse correlation between IC50 and hydrophobicity (expressed as Log P). Docking analysis showed that they bound steroid-binding site of 17β-HSD1. The 3D-QSAR models demonstrated that hydrophobic region, hydrophobic aromatic, ring aromatic, and hydrogen bond acceptor are key factors for the inhibition of steroid synthesis activity of 17β-HSD1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jingyi Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Huiqian Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Male Health and Environment of Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li T, Song X, Stephen P, Yin H, Lin SX. New insights into the substrate inhibition of human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 228:106246. [PMID: 36634828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Human type 1 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD1),a member of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, catalyzes the last step in the bioactivation of the most potent estrogen estradiol with high specificity and is thus involved in estrogen-dependent diseases. As an oxidoreductase, 17β-HSD1 can utilize both triphosphate and diphosphate cofactors in reaction at the molecular level, but more specific with triphosphate cofactor. The NADPH is much higher than NADP+ in living cells leading to preliminary reduction action. The enzyme also showed substrate-induced inhibition unprecedented in other members of 17β-HSDs. Our previous study elucidated the structural mechanism of substrate inhibition is due to the reversely bound estrone (E1) in the substrate-binding pocket of the enzyme resulting in a dead-end complex. However, the effect of the cofactor preference on the substrate inhibition of the enzyme is not yet clear. In the present study, we solved the ternary crystal structures of 17β-HSD1 in complex with E1 and cofactor analog NAD+ . Combined with molecular dynamics simulation using the enzyme with NADH/NADPH and different oriented E1 (normally oriented, E1N; reversely oriented, E1R), such ternary structure provides a complete picture of enzyme-substrate-cofactor interactions. The results reveal that different cofactors and substrate binding mode affect the allosteric effect between the two subunits of the enzyme. And the results from MD simulations confirmed that His221 plays a key role in the formation of dead-end complex in NADPH complex, and the absence of stable interaction between His221 and E1R in the NADH complex should be the main reason for its lack of substrate inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tang Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Preyesh Stephen
- CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Occelli LM, Daruwalla A, De Silva SR, Winkler PA, Sun K, Pasmanter N, Minella A, Querubin J, Lyons LA, Robson AG, Heon E, Michaelides M, Webster AR, Palczewski K, Vincent A, Mahroo OA, Kiser PD, Petersen-Jones SM. A large animal model of RDH5-associated retinopathy recapitulates important features of the human phenotype. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1263-1277. [PMID: 34726233 PMCID: PMC9029234 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5) attenuate supply of 11-cis-retinal to photoreceptors leading to a range of clinical phenotypes including night blindness because of markedly slowed rod dark adaptation and in some patients, macular atrophy. Current animal models (such as Rdh5-/- mice) fail to recapitulate the functional or degenerative phenotype. Addressing this need for a relevant animal model we present a new domestic cat model with a loss-of-function missense mutation in RDH5 (c.542G > T; p.Gly181Val). As with patients, affected cats have a marked delay in recovery of dark adaptation. In addition, the cats develop a degeneration of the area centralis (equivalent to the human macula). This recapitulates the development of macular atrophy that is reported in a subset of patients with RDH5 mutations and is shown in this paper in seven patients with biallelic RDH5 mutations. There is notable variability in the age at onset of the area centralis changes in the cat, with most developing changes as juveniles but some not showing changes over the first few years of age. There is similar variability in development of macular atrophy in patients and while age is a risk factor, it is hypothesized that genetic modifying loci influence disease severity, and we suspect the same is true in the cat model. This novel cat model provides opportunities to improve molecular understanding of macular atrophy and test therapeutic interventions for RDH5-associated retinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Occelli
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing. MI 48824, USA
| | - Anahita Daruwalla
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Samantha R De Silva
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College, London, UK
| | - Paige A Winkler
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing. MI 48824, USA
| | - Kelian Sun
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing. MI 48824, USA
| | - Nathaniel Pasmanter
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing. MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrea Minella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing. MI 48824, USA
| | - Janice Querubin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing. MI 48824, USA
| | - Leslie A Lyons
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Anthony G Robson
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College, London, UK
| | - Elise Heon
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michel Michaelides
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College, London, UK
| | - Andrew R Webster
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College, London, UK
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- The Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College, London, UK
- Section of Ophthalmology, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philip D Kiser
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Research Service, The Veterans Affairs Long Beach Health Care System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
| | - Simon M Petersen-Jones
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing. MI 48824, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salah M, Abdelsamie AS, Frotscher M. Inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, 2 and 14: Structures, biological activities and future challenges. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:66-81. [PMID: 30336189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During the past 25 years, the modulation of estrogen action by inhibition of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 (17β-HSD1 and 17β-HSD2), respectively, has been pursued intensively. In the search for novel treatment options for estrogen-dependent diseases (EDD) and in order to explore estrogenic signaling pathways, a large number of steroidal and nonsteroidal inhibitors of these enzymes has been described in the literature. The present review gives a survey on the development of inhibitor classes as well as the structural formulas and biological properties of their most interesting representatives. In addition, rationally designed dual inhibitors of both 17β-HSD1 and steroid sulfatase (STS) as well as the first inhibitors of 17β-HSD14 are covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salah
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ahmed S Abdelsamie
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E81, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany; Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martin Frotscher
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C23, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li F, Zhu Z, Xue M, He W, Zhang T, Feng L, Lin S. siRNA-based breast cancer therapy by suppressing 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in an optimized xenograft cell and molecular biology model in vivo. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:757-766. [PMID: 30863015 PMCID: PMC6391152 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s180836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hormone-dependent breast cancer is the most common form of breast cancer, and inhibiting 17β-HSD1 can play an attractive role in decreasing estrogen and cancer cell proliferation. However, the majority of existing inhibitors have been developed from estrogens and inevitably possess residual estrogenicity. siRNA knockdown provides a highly specific way to block a targeted enzyme, being especially useful to avoid estrogenicity. Application of 17β-HSD1-siRNA in vivo is limited by the establishment of an animal model, as well as the potential nuclease activity in vivo. We tried to reveal the in vivo potential of 17β-HSD1-siRNA-based breast cancer therapy. Materials and methods To establish a competent animal model, daily subcutaneous injection of an estrone micellar aqueous solution was adopted to provide the substrate for estradiol biosynthesis. The effects of three different doses of estrone (0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 µg/kg/day) on tumor growth in T47D-17β-HSD1-inoculated group were investigated and compared with the animals inoculated with wild type T47D cells. To solve in vivo delivery problem of siRNA, “17β-HSD1-siRNA/LPD”, a PEGylated and modified liposome–polycation–DNA nanoparticle containing 17β-HSD1-siRNA was prepared by the thin film hydration method and postinsertion technology. Finally, “17β-HSD1-siRNA/LPD” was tested in the optimized model. Tumor growth and 17β-HSD1 expression were assessed. Results Comparison with the untreated group revealed significant suppression of tumor growth in “17β-HSD1-siRNA/LPD”-treated group when HSD17B1 gene expression was knocked down. Conclusion These findings showed promising in vivo assessments of 17β-HSD1-siRNA candidates. This is the first report of an in vivo application of siRNA for steroid-converting enzymes in a nude mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, and Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai 200032, China,
| | - ZhiHan Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, and Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai 200032, China,
| | - Man Xue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, and Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai 200032, China,
| | - WanHong He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, and Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai 200032, China,
| | - Ting Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, and Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai 200032, China,
| | - LingLin Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, and Shanghai Engineer and Technology Research Center of Reproductive Health Drug and Devices, Shanghai 200032, China,
| | - ShengXiang Lin
- Axe Molecular Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, G1V 4G2, QC, Canada,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Synthesis, anti-17β-HSD and antiproliferative activity of new substituted 5-nitrosopyrimidine analogs. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases: Design, synthesis and profiling of a selective 17β-HSD1 inhibitor with sub-nanomolar IC 50 for a proof-of-principle study. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:944-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
11
|
Lin SX, Shi R, Hu XJ, Penning TM. Current physico-biochemistry in steroid research and status of structural biology for steroid-converting enzymes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 161:1-4. [PMID: 27196263 PMCID: PMC5278676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S X Lin
- Axe of Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU research center and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University; Quebec, Canada.
| | - R Shi
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, IBIS et PROTEO, Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Québec City, Canada
| | - X J Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, PR China
| | - T M Penning
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Systems, Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Type 2 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase as a novel target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Future Med Chem 2016; 7:1431-56. [PMID: 26230882 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Low estradiol level in postmenopausal women is implicated in osteoporosis, which occurs because of the high bone resorption rate. Estrogen formation is controlled by 17-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 17-β HSD enzymes, where 17-β HSD type 1 contributes in the formation of estradiol, while type 2 catalyzes its catabolism. Inhibiting 17-β HSD2 can help in increasing estradiol concentration. Several promising 17-β HSD2 inhibitors that can act at low nanomolar range have been identified. However, there are some specific challenges associated with the application of these compounds. Our review provides an up-to-date summary of the current status and recent progress in the production of 17-β HSD2 inhibitors as well as the future challenges in their clinical application.
Collapse
|
13
|
Current knowledge of the multifunctional 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD17B1). Gene 2016; 588:54-61. [PMID: 27102893 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At the late 1940s, 17β-HSD1 was discovered as the first member of the 17β-HSD family with its gene cloned. The three-dimensional structure of human 17β-HSD1 is the first example of any human steroid converting enzyme. The human enzyme's structure and biological function have thus been studied extensively in the last two decades. In humans, the enzyme is expressed in placenta, ovary, endometrium and breast. The high activity of estrogen activation provides the basis of 17β-HSD1's implication in estrogen-dependent diseases, such as breast cancer, endometriosis and non-small cell lung carcinomas. Its dual function in estrogen activation and androgen inactivation has been revealed in molecular and breast cancer cell levels, significantly stimulating the proliferation of such cells. The enzyme's overexpression in breast cancer was demonstrated by clinical samples. Inhibition of human 17β-HSD1 led to xenograft tumor shrinkage. Unfortunately, through decades of studies, there is still no drug using the enzyme's inhibitors available. This is due to the difficulty to get rid of the estrogenic activity of its inhibitors, which are mostly estrogen analogues. New non-steroid inhibitors for the enzyme provide new hope for non-estrogenic inhibitors of the enzyme.
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdelsamie AS, Bey E, Gargano EM, van Koppen CJ, Empting M, Frotscher M. Towards the evaluation in an animal disease model: Fluorinated 17β-HSD1 inhibitors showing strong activity towards both the human and the rat enzyme. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 103:56-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
15
|
Gargano EM, Perspicace E, Hanke N, Carotti A, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Hartmann RW. Metabolic stability optimization and metabolite identification of 2,5-thiophene amide 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:203-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
16
|
Abdelsamie AS, Bey E, Hanke N, Empting M, Hartmann RW, Frotscher M. Inhibition of 17β-HSD1: SAR of bicyclic substituted hydroxyphenylmethanones and discovery of new potent inhibitors with thioether linker. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:394-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
17
|
Perspicace E, Giorgio A, Carotti A, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Hartmann RW. Novel N-methylsulfonamide and retro-N-methylsulfonamide derivatives as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2) inhibitors with good ADME-related physicochemical parameters. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:201-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Thomas MP, Potter BVL. The structural biology of oestrogen metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:27-49. [PMID: 23291110 PMCID: PMC3866684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many enzymes catalyse reactions that have an oestrogen as a substrate and/or a product. The reactions catalysed include aromatisation, oxidation, reduction, sulfonation, desulfonation, hydroxylation and methoxylation. The enzymes that catalyse these reactions must all recognise and bind oestrogen but, despite this, they have diverse structures. This review looks at each of these enzymes in turn, describing the structure and discussing the mechanism of the catalysed reaction. Since oestrogen has a role in many disease states inhibition of the enzymes of oestrogen metabolism may have an impact on the state or progression of the disease and inhibitors of these enzymes are briefly discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
Collapse
Key Words
- 17β-HSD
- 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
- 3,5-dinitrocatechol
- 3-(((8R,9S,13S,14S,16R,17S)-3,17-dihydroxy-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-yl)methyl)benzamide
- 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate
- 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate
- Aromatase
- COMT
- DHEA(S)
- DHETNA
- DNC
- E1(S)
- E2(S)
- E2B
- E3
- E4
- ER
- FAD/FMN
- FG
- HFG(S)
- NADP(+)
- NADPH
- O5′-[9-(3,17β-dihydroxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-16β-yl)-nonanoyl]adenosine
- Oestrogen
- PAP
- PAPS
- Protein structure
- Reaction mechanism
- S-adenosyl methionine
- SAM
- SDR
- Sulfatase
- Sulfotransferase
- catechol-O-methyl transferase
- dehydroepiandrosterone (sulfate)
- estetrol
- estradiol (sulfate)
- estriol
- estrogen receptor
- estrone (sulfate)
- flavin adenine dinucleotide/flavin mononucleotide
- formylglycine
- hydroxyformylglycine (sulfate)
- mb-COMT
- membrane-bound COMT
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidised)
- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced)
- s-COMT
- short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase
- soluble COMT
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farhane S, Fournier MA, Poirier D. Chemical synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation of lactonic-estradiol derivatives as inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:322-31. [PMID: 23685015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To control estradiol (E2) formation, we are interested in synthesizing inhibitors of 17β-hydroxyteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1). Since the results of docking experiments have shown that E2-lactone derivatives substituted in position 19 or 20 (E-ring) could generate interactions with the active site of the enzyme, we carried out their chemical synthesis. After having prepared the 16β,17β-γ-lactone-E2 in four steps starting from estrone (E1), we introduced the molecular diversity by adding a hydroxymethyl, a methylcarboxylate, a carboxy or an allyl group. The allyl derivative was used as a key intermediate to generate a hydroxyethyl side chain in α or β position. Two lactols were also obtained from two hydroxyalkyl lactones. Enzymatic assays revealed that lactone and lactol derivatives weakly inhibited 17β-HSD1 in homogenized HEK-293 cells overexpressing 17β-HSD1 (34-60% at 1 μM) and in intact T-47D cells expressing 17β-HSD1 (10-40% at 10 μM). This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siham Farhane
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHU de Québec (CHUL) - Research Center and Laval University, Québec (Québec), G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dendritic cell immunoreceptor is a new target for anti-AIDS drug development: identification of DCIR/HIV-1 inhibitors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67873. [PMID: 23874461 PMCID: PMC3706466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 pandemic continues to expand while no effective vaccine or cure is yet available. Existing therapies have managed to limit mortality and control viral proliferation, but are associated with side effects, do not cure the disease and are subject to development of resistance. Finding new therapeutic targets and drugs is therefore crucial. We have previously shown that the dendritic cell immunoreceptor (DCIR), a C-type lectin receptor expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), acts as an attachment factor for HIV-1 to DCs and contributes to HIV-1 transmission to CD4+ T lymphocytes (CD4TL). Directly involved in HIV-1 infection, DCIR is expressed in apoptotic or infected CD4TL and promotes trans-infection to bystander cells. Here we report the 3D modelling of the extracellular domain of DCIR. Based on this structure, two surface accessible pockets containing the carbohydrate recognition domain and the EPS binding motif, respectively, were targeted for screening of chemicals that will disrupt normal interaction with HIV-1 particle. Preliminary screening using Raji-CD4-DCIR cells allowed identification of two inhibitors that decreased HIV-1 attachment and propagation. The impact of these inhibitors on infection of DCs and CD4TL was evaluated as well. The results of this study thus identify novel molecules capable of blocking HIV-1 transmission by DCs and CD4TL.
Collapse
|
21
|
Al-Soud YA, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Frotscher M, Hartmann RW. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phenyl Substituted 1H-1,2,4-Triazoles as Non-Steroidal Inhibitors of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 345:610-21. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
22
|
Spadaro A, Negri M, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Bey E, Frotscher M. Hydroxybenzothiazoles as new nonsteroidal inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1). PLoS One 2012; 7:e29252. [PMID: 22242164 PMCID: PMC3252304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
17β-estradiol (E2), the most potent estrogen in humans, known to be involved in the development and progession of estrogen-dependent diseases (EDD) like breast cancer and endometriosis. 17β-HSD1, which catalyses the reduction of the weak estrogen estrone (E1) to E2, is often overexpressed in breast cancer and endometriotic tissues. An inhibition of 17β-HSD1 could selectively reduce the local E2-level thus allowing for a novel, targeted approach in the treatment of EDD. Continuing our search for new nonsteroidal 17β-HSD1 inhibitors, a novel pharmacophore model was derived from crystallographic data and used for the virtual screening of a small library of compounds. Subsequent experimental verification of the virtual hits led to the identification of the moderately active compound 5. Rigidification and further structure modifications resulted in the discovery of a novel class of 17β-HSD1 inhibitors bearing a benzothiazole-scaffold linked to a phenyl ring via keto- or amide-bridge. Their putative binding modes were investigated by correlating their biological data with features of the pharmacophore model. The most active keto-derivative 6 shows IC₅₀-values in the nanomolar range for the transformation of E1 to E2 by 17β-HSD1, reasonable selectivity against 17β-HSD2 but pronounced affinity to the estrogen receptors (ERs). On the other hand, the best amide-derivative 21 shows only medium 17β-HSD1 inhibitory activity at the target enzyme as well as fair selectivity against 17β-HSD2 and ERs. The compounds 6 and 21 can be regarded as first benzothiazole-type 17β-HSD1 inhibitors for the development of potential therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Spadaro
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- ElexoPharm GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Negri
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Frotscher
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Discovery of a new class of bicyclic substituted hydroxyphenylmethanones as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2) inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 47:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Xu K, Al-Soud YA, Wetzel M, Hartmann RW, Marchais-Oberwinkler S. Triazole ring-opening leads to the discovery of potent nonsteroidal 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5978-90. [PMID: 22037253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (17β-HSD2) catalyzes the oxidation of the highly potent steroids: the estrogen estradiol (E2) and the androgen testosterone (T) to the less active estrone and androstenedione, respectively. Inhibition of this enzyme may help maintain the local E2 level in bone tissue when the circulating E2 level drops and is therefore a novel and promising approach for the treatment of osteoporosis. In this work, a series of new nonsteroidal and achiral 17β-HSD2 inhibitors, namely N-benzyl-diphenyl-3(or 4)-carboxamide and N-benzyl-5-phenyl-thiophene-2-carboxamide was designed and the compounds were synthesized in a two to three steps reaction. A small library was built applying parallel synthesis. Highly potent 17β-HSD2 inhibitors could be identified in the thiophene-2-carboxamide class with IC(50) in the low nanomolar range. These compounds also showed a good selectivity profile toward 17β-HSD1 and toward the estrogen receptors α and β. The most interesting 17β-HSD2 inhibitor identified in this study is the 5-(2-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-N-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide 6w displaying an IC(50) of 61 nM and a selectivity factor of 73 toward 17β-HSD1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiying Xu
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hong Y, Chen S. Aromatase, estrone sulfatase, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: structure-function studies and inhibitor development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 340:120-6. [PMID: 20888390 PMCID: PMC3035767 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aromatase, estrone sulfatase, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 are involved in the key steps of 17β-estradiol biosynthesis. Structure-function studies of aromatase, estrone sulfatase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 are important to evaluate the molecular basis of the interaction between these enzymes and their inhibitors. Selective and potent inhibitors of the three enzymes have been developed as antiproliferative agents in hormone-dependent breast carcinoma. New treatment strategies for hormone-dependent breast cancer are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Hong
- Division of Tumor Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, 1450 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Poirier D. Contribution to the development of inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 7: key tools for studying and treating estrogen-dependent diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:83-94. [PMID: 21182944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) belong to a group of key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroidal hormones by catalyzing the reduction of 17-ketosteroids or the oxidation of 17β-hydroxysteroids. From three members known in the early nineties, the 17β-HSD functional family has grown to 15 members over the last 20 years. This growing number of 17β-HSD isoforms questioned the importance of each member, especially in their implication in estrogen- and androgen-dependent diseases, such as breast and prostate cancers. One of the strategies used to address the physiological importance of 17β-HSDs is to use potent and selective inhibitors. Furthermore, enzyme inhibitors could also be of therapeutic interest by reducing the level of estradiol (E2). Focusing on estrogens, we targeted 17β-HSD types 1 and 7, two enzymes able to transform the weak estrogen estrone (E1) into the potent estrogen E2. The present review article gives a description of different classes of inhibitors of 17β-HSD1 (C6-derivatives of E2, C16-derivatives of E2 as alkylating and dual action compounds, E2-adenosine hybrids, E2-simplified adenosine hybrids, and C16-derivatives of E1 or E2) and of inhibitors of 17β-HSD7, all these inhibitors developed in our laboratory. The chemical structures and inhibitory activity of these steroidal inhibitors, their potential as therapeutic agents, and their use as tools to elucidate the role of these enzymes in particular biological systems will be discussed. Article from the Special issue on Targeted Inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald Poirier
- Laval University (Faculty of Medicine) and CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center (Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Genomic Unit), 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec (Quebec) G1V 4G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Verma MK, Miki Y, Sasano H. Endocrine therapy after aromatase inhibitor therapy in breast cancer. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2011; 6:309-312. [PMID: 30754118 DOI: 10.1586/eem.11.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit K Verma
- a Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seriyo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi-ken 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miki
- a Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seriyo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi-ken 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- b Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seriyo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi-ken 980-8575, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Henn C, Möller G, Klein T, Negri M, Oster A, Spadaro A, Werth R, Wetzel M, Xu K, Frotscher M, Hartmann RW, Adamski J. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) as therapeutic targets: protein structures, functions, and recent progress in inhibitor development. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 125:66-82. [PMID: 21193039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) are oxidoreductases, which play a key role in estrogen and androgen steroid metabolism by catalyzing final steps of the steroid biosynthesis. Up to now, 14 different subtypes have been identified in mammals, which catalyze NAD(P)H or NAD(P)(+) dependent reductions/oxidations at the 17-position of the steroid. Depending on their reductive or oxidative activities, they modulate the intracellular concentration of inactive and active steroids. As the genomic mechanism of steroid action involves binding to a steroid nuclear receptor, 17β-HSDs act like pre-receptor molecular switches. 17β-HSDs are thus key enzymes implicated in the different functions of the reproductive tissues in both males and females. The crucial role of estrogens and androgens in the genesis and development of hormone dependent diseases is well recognized. Considering the pivotal role of 17β-HSDs in steroid hormone modulation and their substrate specificity, these proteins are promising therapeutic targets for diseases like breast cancer, endometriosis, osteoporosis, and prostate cancer. The selective inhibition of the concerned enzymes might provide an effective treatment and a good alternative to the existing endocrine therapies. Herein, we give an overview of functional and structural aspects for the different 17β-HSDs. We focus on steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors recently published for each subtype and report on existing animal models for the different 17β-HSDs and the respective diseases. Article from the Special issue on Targeted Inhibitors.
Collapse
|
29
|
Farhane S, Fournier MA, Maltais R, Poirier D. Convergent stereoselective and efficient synthesis of furanic-steroid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
30
|
Wetzel M, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Hartmann RW. 17β-HSD2 inhibitors for the treatment of osteoporosis: Identification of a promising scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:807-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
31
|
Mori S, Iwase K, Iwanami N, Tanaka Y, Kagechika H, Hirano T. Development of novel bisubstrate-type inhibitors of histone methyltransferase SET7/9. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:8158-66. [PMID: 21036620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Histone modification, for example, by histone deacetylase (HDAC) and histone lysine methyltransferase (HMT), plays an important role in regulating gene expression. To obtain novel inhibitors as tools for investigating the physiological function of members of the HMT family, we designed and synthesized novel inhibitors, which are amine analogues of adenosylmethionine (AdoMet; the cofactor utilized in the methylation reaction) bearing various alkylamino groups coupled via an ethylene linker. The inhibitory activities of these compounds towards SET7/9, an HMT, were evaluated. It was found that introduction of an alkylamino group increased the inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Mori
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lin SX, Chen J, Mazumdar M, Poirier D, Wang C, Azzi A, Zhou M. Molecular therapy of breast cancer: progress and future directions. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2010; 6:485-93. [PMID: 20644568 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2010.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of death in Western women, with a 10% lifetime risk of the disease. Most breast cancers are estrogen-dependent. Molecular therapies for breast cancer have developed rapidly in the past few decades and future treatment strategies are being investigated. The selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator tamoxifen, which until now has served as a standard therapy, functions not only as an estrogen antagonist but also as an estrogen agonist in terms of bone maintenance. Aromatase inhibitors have performed well in international trials and have become a new standard therapy for estrogen-dependent breast cancer. The systematic study of estrogen activation pathways suggests that the enzymes steroid sulfatase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, which both have pivotal roles in estrogen biosynthesis, are promising targets; the results of a phase I trial of steroid sulfatase inhibitors are encouraging. The activity of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) pathway correlates negatively with that of the ER. HER2 is overexpressed in 22% of all breast cancers. In the decade since HER2 began being targeted, the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has been used as well as pertuzumab and HER2 vaccines. Among the estrogen-independent breast cancers, the basal-like subtype has low survival, and therapeutic improvement is a priority. Crosstalk between ER and HER2 signaling pathways means that combinatory therapies may hold the key to enhancement of treatment responses. Other molecular therapies involving functional genomics and RNA interference studies also hold promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, CHUL (CHUQ) Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Negri M, Recanatini M, Hartmann RW. Insights in 17beta-HSD1 enzyme kinetics and ligand binding by dynamic motion investigation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12026. [PMID: 20706575 PMCID: PMC2919385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisubstrate enzymes, such as 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1), exist in solution as an ensemble of conformations. 17beta-HSD1 catalyzes the last step of the biosynthesis of estradiol and, thus, it is a potentially attractive target for breast cancer treatment. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To elucidate the conformational transitions of its catalytic cycle, a structural analysis of all available crystal structures was performed and representative conformations were assigned to each step of the putative kinetic mechanism. To cover most of the conformational space, all-atom molecular dynamic simulations were performed using the four crystallographic structures best describing apoform, opened, occluded and closed state of 17beta-HSD1 as starting structures. With three of them, binary and ternary complexes were built with NADPH and NADPH-estrone, respectively, while two were investigated as apoform. Free energy calculations were performed in order to judge more accurately which of the MD complexes describes a specific kinetic step. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Remarkably, the analysis of the eight long range trajectories resulting from this multi-trajectory/-complex approach revealed an essential role played by the backbone and side chain motions, especially of the betaF alphaG'-loop, in cofactor and substrate binding. Thus, a selected-fit mechanism is suggested for 17beta-HSD1, where ligand-binding induced concerted motions of the FG-segment and the C-terminal part guide the enzyme along its preferred catalytic pathway. Overall, we could assign different enzyme conformations to the five steps of the random bi-bi kinetic cycle of 17beta-HSD1 and we could postulate a preferred pathway for it. This study lays the basis for more-targeted biochemical studies on 17beta-HSD1, as well as for the design of specific inhibitors of this enzyme. Moreover, it provides a useful guideline for other enzymes, also characterized by a rigid core and a flexible region directing their catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Negri
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Maurizio Recanatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Möller G, Husen B, Kowalik D, Hirvelä L, Plewczynski D, Rychlewski L, Messinger J, Thole H, Adamski J. Species used for drug testing reveal different inhibition susceptibility for 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10969. [PMID: 20544026 PMCID: PMC2882332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid-related cancers can be treated by inhibitors of steroid metabolism. In searching for new inhibitors of human 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD 1) for the treatment of breast cancer or endometriosis, novel substances based on 15-substituted estrone were validated. We checked the specificity for different 17β-HSD types and species. Compounds were tested for specificity in vitro not only towards recombinant human 17β-HSD types 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 but also against 17β-HSD 1 of several other species including marmoset, pig, mouse, and rat. The latter are used in the processes of pharmacophore screening. We present the quantification of inhibitor preferences between human and animal models. Profound differences in the susceptibility to inhibition of steroid conversion among all 17β-HSDs analyzed were observed. Especially, the rodent 17β-HSDs 1 were significantly less sensitive to inhibition compared to the human ortholog, while the most similar inhibition pattern to the human 17β-HSD 1 was obtained with the marmoset enzyme. Molecular docking experiments predicted estrone as the most potent inhibitor. The best performing compound in enzymatic assays was also highly ranked by docking scoring for the human enzyme. However, species-specific prediction of inhibitor performance by molecular docking was not possible. We show that experiments with good candidate compounds would out-select them in the rodent model during preclinical optimization steps. Potentially active human-relevant drugs, therefore, would no longer be further developed. Activity and efficacy screens in heterologous species systems must be evaluated with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Möller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bettina Husen
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorota Kowalik
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Dariusz Plewczynski
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Josef Messinger
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hubert Thole
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bérubé M, Delagoutte F, Poirier D. Preparation of 6beta-estradiol derivative libraries as bisubstrate inhibitors of 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type using the multidetachable sulfamate linker. Molecules 2010; 15:1590-631. [PMID: 20336003 PMCID: PMC6257402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial chemistry is a powerful tool used to rapidly generate a large number of potentially biologically active compounds. In our goal to develop bisubstrate inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) that interact with both the substrate (estrone or estradiol) and the cofactor (NAD(P)H) binding sites, we used parallel solid-phase synthesis to prepare three libraries of 16beta-estradiol derivatives with two or three levels of molecular diversity. From estrone, we first synthesized a sulfamate precursor that we loaded on trityl chloride resin using the efficient multidetachable sulfamate linker strategy recently developed in our laboratory. We then introduced molecular diversity [one or two amino acid(s) followed by a carboxylic acid] on steroid nucleus by Fmoc peptide chemistry. Finally, after a nucleophilic cleavage, libraries of 30, 63 and 25 estradiol derivatives were provided. A library of 30 sulfamoylated estradiol derivatives was also generated by acidic cleavage and its members were screened for inhibition of steroid sulfatase. Biological evaluation on homogenated HEK-293 cells overexpressing 17beta-HSD1 of the estradiol derivatives carrying different oligoamide-type chains at C-16 first revealed that three levels of molecular diversity (a spacer of two amino acids) were necessary to interact with the adenosine part of the cofactor binding site. Second, the best inhibition was obtained when hydrophobic residues (phenylalanine) were used as building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL), Research Center and Laval University, Quebec, G1V 4G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Binary and ternary crystal structure analyses of a novel inhibitor with 17β-HSD type 1: a lead compound for breast cancer therapy. Biochem J 2009; 424:357-66. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20091020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oestradiol is a well-characterized sex hormone that stimulates breast cancer and other oestrogen-related diseases. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) catalyses the last step in the synthesis of oestradiol and androstenediol in breast tumour tissue. The enzyme's high expression and activity after simultaneous blockade of oestrogen receptors and inhibition of aromatase in the tumour shows the necessity for its inhibition as a requirement for breast cancer therapy. In the present paper, we report structures of the binary and ternary complexes of 17β-HSD1 with a new inhibitor E2B {3-[3′,17′β-dihydroxyestra-1′,3′,5′(10′)-trien-16′β-methyl]benzamide}, and the enzyme inhibition by the later. The IC50 value for E2B was determined to be 42 nM in T47D cells. Multiple interactions between E2B and the enzyme include hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, as well as π–π interactions. A kinetic study demonstrated that E2B inhibits the enzyme's reduction forming oestradiol from oestrone, with a Ki of 0.9±0.15 nM. Such strong inhibition is in agreement with its extensive interaction with the enzyme, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for breast cancer therapy. In fact, this possibility is enhanced by its capacity for cell penetration similar to natural steroids. Such inhibitors that block oestrogen synthesis to suppress the sulfatase pathway producing oestradiol can be used in adjuvant therapies with oestrogen receptor blockade, opening a new orientation of breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
37
|
Möller G, Deluca D, Gege C, Rosinus A, Kowalik D, Peters O, Droescher P, Elger W, Adamski J, Hillisch A. Structure-based design, synthesis and in vitro characterization of potent 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors based on 2-substitutions of estrone and D-homo-estrone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6740-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Michiels PJA, Ludwig C, Stephan M, Fischer C, Möller G, Messinger J, van Dongen M, Thole H, Adamski J, Günther UL. Ligand-based NMR spectra demonstrate an additional phytoestrogen binding site for 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 117:93-8. [PMID: 19631742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) has become an important drug target for breast cancer because it catalyzes the interconversion of estrone to the biologically more potent estradiol which also plays a crucial role in the etiology of breast cancer. Patients with an increased expression of the 17beta-HSD1 gene have a significantly worse outcome than patients without. Inhibitors for 17beta-HSD1 are therefore included in therapy development. Here we have studied binding of 17beta-HSD1 to substrates and a number of inhibitors using NMR spectroscopy. Ligand observed NMR spectra show a strong pH dependence for the phytoestrogens luteolin and apigenin but not for the natural ligands estradiol and estrone. Moreover, NMR competition experiments show that the phytoestrogens do not replace the estrogens despite their similar inhibition levels in the in vitro assay. These results strongly support an additional 17beta-HSD1 binding site for phytoestrogens which is neither the substrate nor the co-factor binding site. Docking experiments suggest the dimer interface as a possible location. An additional binding site for the phytoestrogens may open new opportunities for the design of inhibitors, not only for 17beta-HSD1, but also for other family members of the short chain dehydrogenases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J A Michiels
- HWB-NMR, CR UK Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bérubé M, Poirier D. Design, chemical synthesis, and in vitro biological evaluation of simplified estradiol–adenosine hybrids as inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of estradiol (E2) derivatives were designed to interact with both the substrate- and the cofactor-binding sites of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1). These analogues of potent E2–adenosine hybrid inhibitor EM-1745, where the adenosine moiety was replaced by a more stable benzene derivative, were synthesized from estrone using alkene cross-metathesis and Sonogashira coupling reactions as key steps. In vitro biological evaluation of these steroid derivatives revealed that a spacer of 13 methylenes, between the 16β-position of E2 and the adenosine mimic bearing a carboxylic acid group, gave the best inhibition of 17β-HSD1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bérubé
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center and Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, CHUQ (CHUL)-Research Center and Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Moeller G, Adamski J. Integrated view on 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 301:7-19. [PMID: 19027824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) are important enzymes in steroid metabolism. Long known members of the protein family seemed to be well characterised concerning their role in the regulation of the biological potency of steroid hormones, but today more and more evidence points to pivotal contributions of these enzymes in a variety of other metabolic pathways. Therefore, studies on 17beta-HSDs develop towards metabolomic survey. Latest research results give new insights into the complex metabolic interconnectivity of the 17beta-HSDs. In this paper metabolic activities of 17beta-HSDs will be compared, their interplay with endogenous substrates summarised, and interlacing pathways depicted. Strategies on deciphering the physiological role of 17beta-HSDs and the genetic predisposition for associated diseases will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Moeller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Aka JA, Mazumdar M, Lin SX. Reductive 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the sulfatase pathway: critical in the cell proliferation of breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 301:183-90. [PMID: 19038308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol, the most potent estrogen, plays critical roles in tumor cell proliferation and breast cancer development. It can be synthesized via the aromatase pathway or the sulfatase pathway, and the later has been demonstrated to be more significant. Reductive 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) catalyze the last step in estrogen activation and are thus critical in breast cancer development. 17beta-HSD Type 1 (17beta-HSD1) is of great importance since it efficiently synthesizes the most potent estrogen estradiol, as well as other estrogens as 5-androstene-3beta,17beta-diol and 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol, and inactivates the most active androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT), all contributing to the stimulation and development of breast cancers. Rational inhibitor design based on the new structure information has been developed, yielding interesting compounds and lead chemicals. This was demonstrated by a hybrid inhibitor that interacts with both the substrate and cofactor binding sites and a recently designed inhibitor 3-(3',17'beta-dihydroxyestra-1',3',5'(10')-trien-16'beta-methyl) benzamide which has been crystallized in complex with 17beta-HSD1. Both inhibitors demonstrate nM level K(i)in vitro. New non-steroidal inhibitors have been designed and reported very recently. The Type 7 17beta-HSD, expressed in several tissues including breast and ovary, can also contribute to estrogen synthesis and DHT inactivation in breast cancer cells. The enzyme role in steroid metabolism and cancer cell proliferation needs to be compared to that in cholesterogenesis. Breast cancer cell lines provide an excellent platform for such study. T47D, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231-luc cells have been used to create xenografts in nude mice as animal models, now with the possibility of bioluminescent imaging to provide rapid, non-invasive, and quantitative analysis of tumor biomass and metastasis. Here we review the roles of the sulfatase and aromatase pathways and the contribution of the reductive 17beta-HSDs for hormone metabolism in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette A Aka
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, CHUL Research Center (CHUQ) and Laval University, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karkola S, Alho-Richmond S, Wahala K. Pharmacophore modelling of 17beta-HSD1 enzyme based on active inhibitors and enzyme structure. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 301:225-8. [PMID: 18822344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17beta-HSD1) enzyme regulates the conversion of estrone (E1) to the biologically active estradiol (E2). Due to its role as a key enzyme in female hormone production, it has emerged as an attractive drug target for inhibitor development in relation to hormone-dependent breast cancer. Herein, we report four pharmacophore models of 17beta-HSD1 based on a crystal structure, a relaxed crystal structure, a library of 17beta-HSD1 inhibitors and on a docked complex of 17betaHSD1 enzyme and a potent inhibitor. The models were used in screening two databases, which produced novel compounds to be used as leads in our drug design project. The results were validated by docking the compounds to the active site of the 17beta-HSD1 enzyme. With the help of our 3D-QSAR model, these results will be used to develop new inhibitors of 17beta-HSD1 as drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampo Karkola
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 55, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Meier M, Möller G, Adamski J. Perspectives in Understanding the Role of Human 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases in Health and Disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1155:15-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
44
|
|
45
|
Suzuki T, Miki Y, Akahira JI, Moriya T, Ohuchi N, Sasano H. Aromatase in human breast carcinoma as a key regulator of intratumoral sex steroid concentrations. Endocr J 2008; 55:455-63. [PMID: 18480557 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k07e-053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that estrogens are closely involved in the growth of human breast carcinomas, and that the great majority of breast carcinoma express estrogen receptors. Recent studies have demonstrated that estrogens are locally produced and act on the breast carcinoma tissue. Among these pathways, aromatase is a key enzyme for intratumoral production of estrogens in breast carcinomas, and aromatase inhibitors are currently used in the breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women as an estrogen deprivation therapy. This review summarizes the results of recent studies on the expression and regulation of aromatase in breast carcinoma tissues, and discusses the potential biological and/or clinical significance of aromatase. Aromatase is abundantly expressed in various cell types, such as carcinoma cells, intratumoral stromal cells, and adipocytes adjacent to the carcinoma, in breast carcinoma tissues. Further, a key regulator for aromatase expression differed according to cell type. In addition, aromatase suppressed in situ production of bioactive androgen, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), in breast carcinoma. Aromatase inhibitors may thus have additional antiproliferative effects through increasing local DHT concentration with estrogen deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Health Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bey E, Marchais-Oberwinkler S, Kruchten P, Frotscher M, Werth R, Oster A, Algül O, Neugebauer A, Hartmann RW. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bis(hydroxyphenyl) azoles as potent and selective non-steroidal inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) for the treatment of estrogen-dependent diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:6423-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
47
|
Allan GM, Vicker N, Lawrence HR, Tutill HJ, Day JM, Huchet M, Ferrandis E, Reed MJ, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Novel inhibitors of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1: templates for design. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:4438-56. [PMID: 18329273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) catalyze the interconversion between the oxidized and reduced forms of androgens and estrogens at the 17 position. The 17beta-HSD type 1 enzyme (17beta-HSD1) catalyzes the reduction of estrone (E1) to estradiol and is expressed in malignant breast cells. Inhibitors of this enzyme thus have potential as treatments for hormone dependent breast cancer. Syntheses and biological evaluation of novel non-steroidal inhibitors designed to mimic the E1 template are reported using information from potent steroidal inhibitors. Of the templates investigated biphenyl ethanone was promising and led to inhibitors with IC(50) values in the low micromolar range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian M Allan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd, University of Bath, Claverton Down BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fournier D, Poirier D, Mazumdar M, Lin SX. Design and synthesis of bisubstrate inhibitors of type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: overview and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2298-306. [PMID: 18372081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD1) is a key steroidogenic enzyme that catalyses the reduction of steroid estrone into the most potent endogenous estrogen estradiol using the cofactor NAD(P)H. Bisubstrate inhibition is a good way to enhance the potency of inhibitors of cofactor-assisted enzymes. The design of a bisubstrate inhibitor of 17beta-HSD1, the estradiol/adenosine hybrid EM-1745, is reviewed and strategies for future designs of inhibitors are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Fournier
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUQ - Pavillon CHUL and Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Qiu W, Zhou M, Mazumdar M, Azzi A, Ghanmi D, Luu-The V, Labrie F, Lin SX. Structure-based inhibitor design for an enzyme that binds different steroids: a potent inhibitor for human type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:8368-79. [PMID: 17166832 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m606784200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase plays a crucial role in local androgen formation in prostate tissue. Several chemicals were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit this enzyme, and a series of estradiol derivatives bearing a lactone on the D-ring were found to inhibit its activity efficiently. The crystal structure of the type 5 enzyme in complex with NADP and such a novel inhibitor, EM1404, was determined to a resolution of 1.30 A. Significantly more hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were defined between EM1404 and the enzyme than in the substrate ternary complex. The lactone ring of EM1404 accounts for important interactions with the enzyme, whereas the amide group at the opposite end of the inhibitor contributes to the stability of three protein loops involved in the construction of the substrate binding site. EM1404 has a strong competitive inhibition, with a Ki of 6.9+/-1.4 nM, demonstrating 40 times higher affinity than that of the best inhibitor previously reported. This is observed despite the fact that the inhibitor occupies only part of the binding cavity. Attempts to soak the inhibitor into crystals of the binary complex with NADP were unsuccessful, yielding a structure with a polyethylene glycol fragment occupying the substrate binding site. The relative crystal packing is discussed. Combined studies of small molecule inhibitor synthesis, x-ray crystallography, enzyme inhibition, and molecular modeling make it possible to analyze the plasticity of the substrate binding site of the enzyme, which is essential for developing more potent and specific inhibitors for hormone-dependent cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Group in Molecular Endocrinology, Laval University Medical Center, Centre Hospitalier de Universités de Québec and Laval University, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ciobanu LC, Poirier D. Synthesis of Libraries of 16β-Aminopropyl Estradiol Derivatives for Targeting Two Key Steroidogenic Enzymes. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:1249-59. [PMID: 16986200 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Two libraries, each consisting of 48 16beta-aminopropyl estradiol derivatives, phenols and sulfamates, respectively, were synthesized by solid-phase parallel chemistry through a seven-step reaction sequence. Following the attachment of a C18-steroid sulfamate precursor on a trityl chloride resin, diversity elements were first introduced on the 16beta-aminopropyl chain of the steroid by acylation reactions with eight Fmoc-amino acids. After deprotection, the free amine function of the resulting compounds was reacted with six carboxylic acids for the introduction of a second diversity level. The two variants employed for the cleavage of compounds from the solid support, acidic and nucleophilic, allowed the corresponding libraries of sulfamate and phenol derivatives in yields of 8-50 % and 13-58 % to be obtained with an average HPLC purity of 94 % and 91 %, respectively. Potent steroid sulfatase inhibitors and interesting SAR results were generated from the screening of the sulfamate library. Furthermore, moderate inhibitors of type 1 17beta-HSD resulted from the partial screening of phenol library. Thus, these two categories of compounds were synthesized to rapidly identify potential inhibitors of steroid biosynthesis for the hormonal therapy of estrogen-dependent diseases, and also to demonstrate the versatility and efficiency of the recently developed sulfamate linker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liviu C Ciobanu
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, CHUQ-Pavillon CHUL, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Québec, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|