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Wang X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zhou W, Chen W, Zhang C, Ding K, Li W, Xu H, Lou L, Chu Z, Hu S, Yang J. Cardiac-specific deletion of FDPS induces cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by enhancing the activity of small GTP-binding proteins. J Pathol 2021; 255:438-450. [PMID: 34467534 DOI: 10.1002/path.5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Previous studies have suggested that the key enzyme in this pathway, farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), regulates the cardiovascular system. We used human samples and mice that were deficient in cardiac FDPS (c-Fdps-/- mice) to investigate the role of FDPS in cardiac homeostasis. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. Left ventricles were examined and tested for histological and molecular markers of cardiac remodeling. Our results showed that FDPS levels were downregulated in samples from patients with cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, c-Fdps-/- mice exhibited cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This dysfunction was associated with abnormal activation of Ras and Rheb, which may be due to the accumulation of geranyl pyrophosphate. Activation of Ras and Rheb stimulated downstream mTOR and ERK pathways. Moreover, administration of farnesyltransferase inhibitors attenuated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in c-Fdps-/- mice. These results indicate that FDPS plays an important role in cardiac homeostasis. Deletion of FDPS stimulates the downstream mTOR and ERK signaling pathways, resulting in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chenze Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weier Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wanwan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kejun Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lian Lou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenliang Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - ShenJiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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Rap1GAP Mediates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Autophagy and Increasing Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:7848027. [PMID: 33936386 PMCID: PMC8062190 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7848027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal autophagy and oxidative stress contribute to angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We previously showed that Ang II increased Rap1GAP gene expression in cardiomyocytes associated with hypertrophy and autophagy disorders. Using real-time PCR and Western blot, we found that Rap1GAP expression was increased in the heart of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats infused by Ang II compared with saline infusion and in Ang II vs. vehicle-treated rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of Rap1GAP in cultured cardiomyocytes exacerbated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell apoptosis and inhibited autophagy. The increased oxidative stress caused by Rap1GAP overexpression was inhibited by the treatment of autophagy agonists. Knockdown of Rap1GAP by siRNA markedly attenuated Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and oxidative stress and enhanced autophagy. The AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was inhibited by overexpression of Rap1GAP and activated by the knockdown of Rap1GAP. These results show that Rap1GAP-mediated pathway might be a new mechanism of Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which could be a potential target for the future treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Key Enzymes for the Mevalonate Pathway in the Cardiovascular System. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:142-152. [PMID: 33538531 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Isoprenylation is an important post-transcriptional modification of small GTPases required for their activation and function. Isoprenoids, including farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, are indispensable for isoprenylation by serving as donors of a prenyl moiety to small G proteins. In the human body, isoprenoids are mainly generated by the mevalonate pathway (also known as the cholesterol-synthesis pathway). The hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase catalyzes the first rate-limiting steps of the mevalonate pathway, and its inhibitor (statins) are widely used as lipid-lowering agents. In addition, the FPP synthase is also of critical importance for the regulation of the isoprenoids production, for which the inhibitor is mainly used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Synthetic FPP can be further used to generate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and cholesterol. Recent studies suggest a role for isoprenoids in the genesis and development of cardiovascular disorders, such as pathological cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and fibrotic responses of smooth-muscle cells. Furthermore, statins and FPP synthase inhibitors have also been applied for the management of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases rather than their clinical use for hyperlipidemia or bone diseases. In this review, we focus on the function of several critical enzymes, including hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, FPP synthase, farnesyltransferase, and geranylgeranyltransferase in the mevalonate pathway which are involved in regulating the generation of isoprenoids and isoprenylation of small GTPases, and their pathophysiological role in the cardiovascular system. Moreover, we summarize recent research into applications of statins and the FPP synthase inhibitors to treat cardiovascular diseases, rather than for their traditional indications respectively.
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Neuron-derived orphan receptor-1 modulates cardiac gene expression and exacerbates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:359-377. [PMID: 31985010 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy (HCH) is a common cause of heart failure (HF), a major public health problem worldwide. However, the molecular bases of HCH have not been completely elucidated. Neuron-derived orphan receptor-1 (NOR-1) is a nuclear receptor whose role in cardiac remodelling is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to generate a transgenic mouse over-expressing NOR-1 in the heart (TgNOR-1) and assess the impact of this gain-of-function on HCH. The CAG promoter-driven transgenesis led to viable animals that over-expressed NOR-1 in the heart, mainly in cardiomyocytes and also in cardiofibroblasts. Cardiomyocytes from TgNOR-1 exhibited an enhanced cell surface area and myosin heavy chain 7 (Myh7)/Myh6 expression ratio, and increased cell shortening elicited by electric field stimulation. TgNOR-1 cardiofibroblasts expressed higher levels of myofibroblast markers than wild-type (WT) cells (α 1 skeletal muscle actin (Acta1), transgelin (Sm22α)) and were more prone to synthesise collagen and migrate. TgNOR-1 mice experienced an age-associated remodelling of the left ventricle (LV). Angiotensin II (AngII) induced the cardiac expression of NOR-1, and NOR-1 transgenesis exacerbated AngII-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. This effect was associated with the up-regulation of hypertrophic (brain natriuretic peptide (Bnp), Acta1 and Myh7) and fibrotic markers (collagen type I α 1 chain (Col1a1), Pai-1 and lysyl oxidase-like 2 (Loxl2)). NOR-1 transgenesis up-regulated two key genes involved in cardiac hypertrophy (Myh7, encoding for β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC)) and fibrosis (Loxl2, encoding for the extracellular matrix (ECM) modifying enzyme, Loxl2). Interestigly, in transient transfection assays, NOR-1 drove the transcription of Myh7 and Loxl2 promoters. Our findings suggest that NOR-1 is involved in the transcriptional programme leading to HCH.
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Gong Z, Han Y, Wu L, Xia T, Ren H, Yang D, Gu D, Wang H, Hu C, He D, Zhou L, Zeng C. Translocator protein 18 kDa ligand alleviates neointimal hyperplasia in the diabetic rat artery injury model via activating PKG. Life Sci 2019; 221:72-82. [PMID: 30738868 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The proliferation of VSMCs is the pathologic basis for intimal hyperplasia after angioplasty in diabetic patients. Translocator protein (TSPO), located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, has been found to regulate redox intermediate components in cell dysfunction. We hypothesized that TSPO may regulate VSMC proliferation and migration, and be involved in the intimal hyperplasia after angioplasty in diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting and MTT assays. Cell migration was measured by Transwell® and scratch-wound assays. TSPO expression in arteries of rats and high glucose-treated A10 cells were detected by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining. Neointimal formation of carotid artery was induced by balloon injury in type 2 diabetic rat. KEY FINDINGS TSPO expression was increased in the arterial samples from diabetic rats and A10 cells treated with high glucose. Down-regulation of TSPO expression by siRNA decreased the high-glucose-induced VSMC proliferation and migration in A10 cells. This phenomenon could be simulated by using TSPO ligands, PK 11195 and Ro5-4864. cGMP/PKG signals were involved in the TSPO ligand action, since in the presence of cGMP or PKG inhibitor ODQ or KT5823 respectively, the effect of PK 11195 on VSMC proliferation was blocked. Furthermore, PK 11195 significantly inhibited neointimal formation by the inhibition of VSMC proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that TSPO inhibition suppresses the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by hyperglycemia, consequently, preventing atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty in diabetic conditions. TSPO may be a potential therapeutic target to reduce arterial remodeling induced by angioplasty in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfan Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lianpan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tianyang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Donghai Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Daqian Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Cuimei Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Duofen He
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China.
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Chronic kidney disease induced by an adenine rich diet upregulates integrin linked kinase (ILK) and its depletion prevents the disease progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1284-1297. [PMID: 30726718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is one of the main pathological findings of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) although the pathogenesis of renal scar formation remains incompletely explained. Integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a major scaffold protein between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and intracellular signaling pathways, is involved in several pathophysiological processes during renal damage. However, ILK contribution in the CKD progress remains to be fully elucidated. In the present work, we studied 1) the renal functional and structural consequences of CKD genesis and progression when ILK is depleted and 2) the potential of ILK depletion as a therapeutic approach to delay CKD progression. We induced an experimental CKD model, based on an adenine-supplemented diet on adult wild-type (WT) and ILK-depleted mice, with a tubulointerstitial damage profile resembling that is observed in human CKD. The adenine diet induced in WT mice a progressive increase in plasma creatinine and urea concentrations. In the renal cortex it was also observed tubular damage, interstitial fibrosis and progressive increased ECM components, pro-inflammatory and chemo-attractant cytokines, EMT markers and TGF-β1 expressions. These observations were highly correlated to a simultaneous increase of ILK expression and activity. In adenine-fed transgenic ILK-depleted mice, all these changes were prevented. Additionally, we evaluated the potential role of ILK depletion to be applied after the disease induction, as an effective approach to interventions in human CKD subjects. In this scenario, two weeks after the establishment of adenine-induced CKD, ILK was abrogated in WT mice and stabilized renal damage, avoiding CKD progression. We propose ILK to be a potential target to delay renal disease progression.
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Hatem-Vaquero M, de Frutos S, Luengo A, González Abajo A, Griera M, Rodríguez-Puyol M, Rodríguez-Puyol D, Calleros L. Contribution of uraemic toxins to the vascular fibrosis associated with chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia 2018; 38:639-646. [PMID: 30337107 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease present with an accumulation of uraemic toxins, which have been identified as pathogenic agents associated with cardiovascular mortality, which is very high is this patient group. A phenomenon common to the progressive renal dysfunction and associated vascular damage, is the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the renal or vascular structures. OBJECTIVE To determine the contribution of uraemia or the uraemic toxins to the production of cytokinins and ECM in aortas of uraemic animals or human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were used with uraemia induced by a diet rich in adenine (0.2%) for 2, 4 or 6 weeks. Kidney function was evaluated by means of urine volume, plasma levels of creatinine, urea, fractional excretion of sodium, and vascular damage using histology, as well as protein expression using RT-qPCR. The HASMCs were incubated in vitro with uraemic toxins: p-cresol 10-100 (μg/ml) and indoxyl-sulphate25-100 (μg/ml) alone or simultaneously. The protein expression was evaluated using Western blot and confocal microscopy. RESULTS The administration of adenine produced progressive kidney damage in the mice, thickening of the aortic wall, and increasing the expression of TGF-β1 and ECM proteins. The toxins at high doses and combined also induced the expression of TGF-β1 and ECM proteins by the HASMCs. CONCLUSIONS The uraemia produced by an adenine rich diet or high doses of uraemic toxins induced the abnormal deposit of ECM proteins in the vascular wall or its production by HASMCs. The understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this pathophysiological process may be useful in the prevention of cardiovascular damage associated with the progress of chronic kidney disease, a disease, at the moment that is irreversible and occasional silent until its diagnosis in advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Hatem-Vaquero
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, España; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Sergio de Frutos
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, España; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Alicia Luengo
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, España; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España
| | - Alba González Abajo
- Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, España; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Sección de Nefrología y Fundación para la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Mercedes Griera
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, España; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Manuel Rodríguez-Puyol
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, España; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España
| | - Diego Rodríguez-Puyol
- Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, España; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Sección de Nefrología y Fundación para la Investigación, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
| | - Laura Calleros
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España; Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, España; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, España; Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España.
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Choi S, Park M, Kim J, Park W, Kim S, Lee DK, Hwang JY, Choe J, Won MH, Ryoo S, Ha KS, Kwon YG, Kim YM. TNF-α elicits phenotypic and functional alterations of vascular smooth muscle cells by miR-155-5p-dependent down-regulation of cGMP-dependent kinase 1. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:14812-14822. [PMID: 30104414 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 (PKG1) plays an important role in nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP-mediated maintenance of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype and vasorelaxation. Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), have long been understood to mediate several inflammatory vascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of TNFα-dependent inflammatory vascular disease is unclear. Here, we found that TNFα treatment decreased PKG1 expression in cultured VSMCs, which correlated with NF-κB-dependent biogenesis of miR-155-5p that targeted the 3'-UTR of PKG1 mRNA. TNFα induced VSMC phenotypic switching from a contractile to a synthetic state through the down-regulation of VSMC marker genes, suppression of actin polymerization, alteration of cell morphology, and elevation of cell proliferation and migration. All of these events were blocked by treatment with an inhibitor of miR-155-5p or PKG1, whereas transfection with miR-155-5p mimic or PKG1 siRNA promoted phenotypic modulation, similar to the response to TNFα. In addition, TNFα-induced miR-155-5p inhibited the vasorelaxant response of de-endothelialized mouse aortic vessels to 8-Br-cGMP by suppressing phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase and myosin light chain, both of which are downstream signal modulators of PKG1. Moreover, TNFα-induced VSMC phenotypic alteration and vasodilatory dysfunction were blocked by NF-κB inhibition. These results suggest that TNFα impairs NO/cGMP-mediated maintenance of the VSMC contractile phenotype and vascular relaxation by down-regulating PKG1 through NF-κB-dependent biogenesis of miR-155-5p. Thus, the NF-κB/miR-155-5p/PKG1 axis may be crucial in the pathogenesis of inflammatory vascular diseases, such as atherosclerotic intimal hyperplasia and preeclamptic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Choi
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
| | - Minsik Park
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
| | - Joohwan Kim
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
| | - Wonjin Park
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
| | - Suji Kim
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
| | - Dong-Keon Lee
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
| | | | | | - Moo-Ho Won
- Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341
| | - Sungwoo Ryoo
- the Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, and
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- From the Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- the Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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