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Franzini M, Valdenassi L, Pandolfi S, Tirelli U, Ricevuti G, Chirumbolo S. The Role of Ozone as an Nrf2-Keap1-ARE Activator in the Anti-Microbial Activity and Immunity Modulation of Infected Wounds. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1985. [PMID: 38001838 PMCID: PMC10669564 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen, widely known to exert an anti-oxidant potential. The ability of low, controlled and standardized doses of ozone in the ozone adjunct treatment of bacterial infections, which occur in wounds, is engaging clinical research to deepen the role of ozone in eradicating even multidrug-resistant bacteria. Ozone activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and this activation triggers a complex cascade of events, which ultimately leads to macrophage training and an improvement in their ability to operate a clearance of bacteria in the patient's anatomical districts. In this review, we try to elucidate the recent evidence about the mechanisms with which ozone can actually remove bacteria and even multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, accounting on its complex ability in modulating immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianno Franzini
- Italian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), 24020 Bergamo, Italy; (M.F.); (L.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Luigi Valdenassi
- Italian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), 24020 Bergamo, Italy; (M.F.); (L.V.); (S.P.)
| | - Sergio Pandolfi
- Italian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT), 24020 Bergamo, Italy; (M.F.); (L.V.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Giovanni Ricevuti
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37125 Verona, Italy
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Kim SH, Lee SE, Kim SJ, Fang X, Hur J, Sozen E, Özer NK, Kim KP, Surh YJ. Protective effects of an electrophilic metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid on UVB-induced oxidative cell death, dermatitis, and carcinogenesis. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102666. [PMID: 36934646 PMCID: PMC10031545 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a representative omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, undergoes metabolism to produce biologically active electrophilic species. 17-Oxo-DHA is one such reactive metabolite generated from DHA by cyclooxygenase-2 and dehydrogenase in activated macrophages. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of 17-oxo-DHA on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and carcinogenesis in mouse skin. UVB-induced epidermal cell death was ameliorated by topically applied 17-oxo-DHA. Topical application of 17-oxo-DHA onto hairless mouse skin inhibited UVB-induced phosphorylation of the proinflammatory transcription factor, STAT3 on tyrosine 705 (Tyr705). The 17-oxo-DHA treatment also reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers, 4-hydroxynonenal-modified protein, malondialdehyde, and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine. The protective effects of 17-oxo-DHA against oxidative damage in UVB-irradiated mouse skin were associated with activation of Nrf2. 17-Oxo-DHA enhanced the engulfment of apoptotic JB6 cells by macrophages, which was related to the increased expression of the scavenger receptor CD36. The 17-oxo-DHA-mediated potentiation of efferocytic activity of macrophages was attenuated by the pharmacologic inhibition or knockout of Nrf2. The pretreatment with 17-oxo-DHA reduced the UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis and tumor angiogenesis. It was also confirmed that 17-oxo-DHA treatment significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of the Tyr705 residue of STAT3 and decreased the expression of its target proteins in cutaneous papilloma. In conclusion, 17-oxo-DHA protects against UVB-induced oxidative cell death, dermatitis, and carcinogenesis. These effects were associated with inhibition of STAT3-mediated proinflammatory signaling and also activation of Nrf2 with subsequent upregulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Eui Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xizhu Fang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Hur
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Özer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uskudar University, Altunizade, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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3
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Li T, Liu T, Zhao Z, Pan Y, Xu X, Zhang Y, Zhan S, Zhou S, Zhu W, Guo H, Yang R. Antifungal immunity mediated by C-type lectin receptors may be a novel target in immunotherapy for urothelial bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:911325. [PMID: 36131933 PMCID: PMC9483128 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.911325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies, such as immune-checkpoint blockade and adoptive T-cell therapy, offer novel treatment options with good efficacy for patients with urothelial bladder cancer. However, heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance have limited the use of immunotherapy. Further research into immune-regulatory mechanisms in bladder cancer is urgently required. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the commensal microbiota and its interactions with host immunity play pivotal roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including in cancer. The gut microbiota has been identified as a potentially effective target of treatment that can be synergized with immunotherapy. The urothelial tract is also a key site for multiple microbes, although the immune-regulatory role of the urinary microbiome in the process of carcinogenesis of bladder cancer remains to be elucidated. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the expression and biological functions of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which have been recognized as innate pathogen-associated receptors for fungal microbiota, in bladder cancer. In line with previous research on fungal colonization of the urothelial tract, we found that CLRs, including Dectin-1, Dectin-2, Dectin-3, and macrophage-inducible Ca2+-dependent lectin receptor (Mincle), had a significant association with immune infiltration in bladder cancer. Multiple innate and adaptive pathways are positively correlated with the upregulation of CLRs. In addition, we found a significant correlation between the expression of CLRs and a range of immune-checkpoint proteins in bladder cancer. Based on previous studies and our findings, we hypothesize that the urinary mycobiome plays a key role in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer and call for more research on CLR-mediated anti-fungal immunity against bladder cancer as a novel target for immunotherapy in urothelial bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhang Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuchen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Immunology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyan Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shoubin Zhan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengkai Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Yang, ; Hongqian Guo,
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Yang, ; Hongqian Guo,
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Gwak SY, Kim SJ, Park J, Kim SH, Joe Y, Lee HN, Kim W, Muna IA, Na HK, Chung HT, Surh YJ. Potential Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in the Resolution of Experimentally Induced Colitis through Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. Gut Liver 2021; 16:246-258. [PMID: 34737242 PMCID: PMC8924814 DOI: 10.5009/gnl210058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a central role in cellular defense against inflammatory insults, and its induction in macrophages potentiates their efferocytic activity. In this study, we explored the potential role of macrophage HO-1 in the resolution of experimentally induced colitis. Methods To induce colitis, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in the drinking water for 7 days. To investigate efferocytosis, apoptotic colon epithelial CCD 841 CoN cells were coincubated with bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Results Administration of the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) blunted the resolution of DSS-induced intestinal inflammation and expression of the proresolving M2 macrophage marker CD206. BMDMs treated with apoptotic colonic epithelial cells showed significantly elevated expression of HO-1 and its regulator Nrf2. Under the same experimental conditions, the proportion of CD206-expressing macrophages was also enhanced. ZnPP treatment abrogated the upregulation of CD206 expression in BMDMs engulfing apoptotic colonic epithelial cells. This result was verified with BMDMs isolated from HO-1-knockout mice. BMDMs, when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, exhibited increased expression of CD86, a marker of M1 macrophages. Coculture of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BMDMs with apoptotic colonic epithelial cell debris dampened the expression of CD86 as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines in an HO-1-dependent manner. Genetic ablation as well as pharmacologic inhibition of HO-1 significantly reduced the proportion of efferocytic BMDMs expressing the scavenger receptor CD36. Conclusions HO-1 plays a key role in the resolution of experimentally induced colitis by modulating the polarization of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Gwak
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, Division of Biotechnology Review and Research-III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Wonki Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ishrat Aklima Muna
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SH, Yum HW, Kim SH, Kim W, Kim SJ, Kim C, Kim K, Suh YG, Surh YJ. Protective Effects of Taurine Chloramine on Experimentally Induced Colitis: NFκB, STAT3, and Nrf2 as Potential Targets. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030479. [PMID: 33803551 PMCID: PMC8002934 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine chloramine (TauCl) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory substance which is derived from taurine, a semi-essential sulfur-containing β-amino acid found in some foods including meat, fish, eggs and milk. In general, TauCl as well as its parent compound taurine downregulates production of tissue-damaging proinflammatory mediators, such as chemokines and cytokines in many different types of cells. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of TauCl on experimentally induced colon inflammation. Oral administration of TauCl protected against mouse colitis caused by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). TauCl administration attenuated apoptosis in the colonic mucosa of TNBS-treated mice. This was accompanied by reduced expression of an oxidative stress marker, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and proinflammatory molecules including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 in mouse colon. TauCl also inhibited activation of NFκB and STAT3, two key transcription factors mediating proinflammatory signaling. Notably, the protective effect of TauCl on oxidative stress and inflammation in the colon of TNBS-treated mice was associated with elevated activation of Nrf2 and upregulation of its target genes encoding heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit, and glutathione S-transferase. Taken together, these results suggest that TauCl exerts the protective effect against colitis through upregulation of Nrf2-dependent cytoprotective gene expression while blocking the proinflammatory signaling mediated by NFκB and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Hye-Won Yum
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea
| | - Wonki Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Kyeojin Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea;
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.H.K.); (H.-W.Y.); (S.H.K.); (W.K.); (S.-J.K.); (K.K.)
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Yang MJ, Xu D, Yang DX, Li L, Peng XX, Chen ZG, Li H. Malate enhances survival of zebrafish against Vibrio alginolyticus infection in the same manner as taurine. Virulence 2021; 11:349-364. [PMID: 32316833 PMCID: PMC7199751 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1750123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of low-cost and eco-friendly approaches to fight bacterial pathogens is especially needed in aquaculture. We previously showed that exogenous malate reprograms zebrafish’s metabolome to potentiate zebrafish survival against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we use GC-MS based metabolomics to identify the malate-triggered metabolic shift. An activated TCA cycle and elevated taurine are identified as the key metabolic pathways and the most crucial biomarker of the reprogrammed metabolome, respectively. Taurine elevation is attributed to the activated TCA cycle, which is further supported by the increased expression of genes in the metabolic pathway of taurine biosynthesis from the isocitrate of the TCA cycle to taurine. Exogenous taurine increases the survival of zebrafish against V. alginolyticus infection as malate did. Moreover, exogenous taurine and malate regulate the expression of innate immunity genes and promote the generation of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen oxide in a similar way. The two metabolites can alleviate the excessive immune response to bacterial challenge, which protects fish from bacterial infection. These results indicate that malate enhances the survival of zebrafish to V. alginolyticus infection via taurine. Thus, our study highlights a metabolic approach to enhance a host’s ability to fight bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Tibet Vocational Technical College, Lhasha, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xu
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Xiao Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Xian Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Kim DG, Kwon YM, Kang IS, Kim C. Taurine chloramine selectively regulates neutrophil degranulation through the inhibition of myeloperoxidase and upregulation of lactoferrin. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1191-1199. [PMID: 32865666 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is a free amino acid rich in neutrophils, and neutrophils play an important role in the forefront defense against infection. Upon neutrophil activation, taurine reacts with hypochlorous acid (HOCl/OCl-) produced by the myeloperoxidase (MPO) system and gets converted to taurine chloramine (Tau-Cl). Neutrophils have three types of granules, of which the primary granule MPO, secondary granule lactoferrin, and tertiary granule matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 are released into the extracellular space by a process called degranulation. MPO produces hypochlorous acid to kill microorganisms, and the released MPO forms neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with released chromatin. Excessive secretion of MPO causes oxidative damage to the surrounding tissues. Lactoferrin exerts antioxidant activity, prevents pro-inflammatory pathway activation, sepsis, and tissue damages, and delays neutrophil apoptosis. Our experimental results show that neutrophils released small amount of granules in an inactive state, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and N-formyl-methionine-leucyl-phenylalanine induced neutrophil degranulation. Tau-Cl inhibited the PMA-induced degranulation of MPO and formation of NETs. While Tau-Cl increased the degranulation of lactoferrin, it had no effect on MMP-9 degranulation. MPO negatively regulated the production of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, which stimulates the degranulation and migration of neutrophils. Tau-Cl abrogated MIP-2 expression, suggestive of its inhibitory effect on MPO release. The increase in the intracellular level of MPO may negatively regulates MIP-2 expression, thereby contributing to the further regulation of neutrophil degranulation and migration. Here, we suggest that Tau-Cl selectively inhibits MPO degranulation and stimulates lactoferrin degranulation from neutrophils, thereby protecting inflamed tissues from oxidative damage induced by excessively released MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gye Kim
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - In Soon Kang
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Korea.
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8
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Husain N, Mahmood R. Taurine attenuates Cr(VI)-induced cellular and DNA damage: an in vitro study using human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Amino Acids 2019; 52:35-53. [PMID: 31781908 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-019-02807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [(Cr(VI)] is widely used in several industries, but human exposure results in multiple organ toxicity. Enhanced generation of free radicals and reactive species is thought to play a key role in Cr(VI)-induced toxicity. We have examined the effect of taurine, a simple sulphur-containing amino acid and an antioxidant, on potassium dichromate [K2Cr2O7, a Cr(VI) compound]-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human blood cells. Erythrocytes were treated with K2Cr2O7, either alone or after incubation with different concentrations of taurine. Treatment of erythrocytes with K2Cr2O7 alone led to marked increase in generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid and protein oxidation. This was accompanied by decrease in total sulfhydryl and glutathione content and lowered antioxidant power of the cells. This suggests that Cr(VI) induces oxidative stress in the cells. Incubation of erythrocytes with taurine prior to addition of K2Cr2O7, resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, mitigation of oxidative stress and amelioration of antioxidant power of these cells. It also restored the activities of several metabolic, antioxidant and membrane-bound enzymes. Cr(VI)-induced damage to erythrocyte membrane and lymphocyte DNA was also significantly attenuated by prior administration of taurine. These results suggest that taurine can function as a chemoprotectant against Cr(VI)-induced oxidative injury and can be potentially used to mitigate the toxic effects of this transition metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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9
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Kim W, Kim SH, Jang JH, Kim C, Kim K, Suh YG, Joe Y, Chung HT, Cha YN, Surh YJ. Role of heme oxygenase-1 in potentiation of phagocytic activity of macrophages by taurine chloramine: Implications for the resolution of zymosan A-induced murine peritonitis. Cell Immunol 2018; 327:36-46. [PMID: 29477410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis of pathogens by macrophages is crucial for the successful resolution of inflammation induced by microbial infection. Taurine chloramine (TauCl), an endogenous anti-inflammatory and antioxidative substance, is produced by reaction between taurine and hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils under inflammatory conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effect of TauCl on resolution of acute inflammation caused by fungal infection using a zymosan A-induced murine peritonitis model. TauCl administration reduced the number of the total peritoneal leukocytes, while it increased the number of peritoneal monocytes. Furthermore, TauCl promoted clearance of pathogens remaining in the inflammatory environment by macrophages. When the macrophages isolated from thioglycollate-treated mice were treated with TauCl, their phagocytic capability was enhanced. In the murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells treated with TauCl, the proportion of macrophages clearing the zymosan A particles was also increased. TauCl administration resulted in elevated expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the peritoneal macrophages. Pharmacologic inhibition of HO-1 activity or knockdown of HO-1 in the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells abolished the TauCl-induced phagocytosis, whereas the overexpression of HO-1 augmented the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Moreover, peritoneal macrophages isolated from HO-1 null mice failed to mediate TauCl-induced phagocytosis. Our results suggest that TauCl potentiates phagocytic activity of macrophages through upregulation of HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonki Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Jang
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeojin Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ger Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cha University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nam Cha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03087, Republic of Korea.
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