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Kampman JM, Hermanides J, Hollmann MW, Gilhuis CN, Bloem WAH, Schraag S, Pradelli L, Repping S, Sperna Weiland NH. Mortality and morbidity after total intravenous anaesthesia versus inhalational anaesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 72:102636. [PMID: 38774674 PMCID: PMC11106536 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background General anaesthesia is provided to more than 300 million surgical patients worldwide, every year. It is administered either through total intravenous anaesthesia, using only intravenous agents, or through inhalational anaesthesia, using volatile anaesthetic agents. The debate on how this affects postoperative patient outcome is ongoing, despite an abundance of published trials. The relevance of this topic has grown by the increasing concern about the contribution of anaesthetic gases to the environmental impact of surgery. We aimed to summarise all available evidence on relevant patient outcomes with total intravenous anaesthesia versus inhalational anaesthesia. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed/Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials for works published from January 1, 1985 to August 1, 2023 for randomised controlled trials comparing total intravenous anaesthesia using propofol versus inhalational anaesthesia using the volatile anaesthetics sevoflurane, desflurane or isoflurane. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full text articles, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Outcomes were derived from a recent series of publications on consensus definitions for Standardised Endpoints for Perioperative trials (StEP). Primary outcomes covered mortality and organ-related morbidity. Secondary outcomes were related to anaesthetic and surgical morbidity. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023430492). Findings We included 317 randomised controlled trials, comprising 51,107 patients. No difference between total intravenous and inhalational anaesthesia was seen in the primary outcomes of in-hospital mortality (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.67-1.66, 27 trials, 3846 patients), 30-day mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.70-1.36, 23 trials, 9667 patients) and one-year mortality (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.88-1.48, 13 trials, 9317 patients). Organ-related morbidity was similar between groups except for the subgroup of elderly patients, in which total intravenous anaesthesia was associated with a lower incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.40-0.97, 11 trials, 3834 patients) and a better score on postoperative cognitive dysfunction tests (standardised mean difference 1.68, 95% CI 0.47-2.88, 9 trials, 4917 patients). In the secondary outcomes, total intravenous anaesthesia resulted in a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (RR 0.61, 95% CI 0.56-0.67, 145 trials, 23,172 patients), less emergence delirium (RR 0.40, 95% CI 0.29-0.56, 32 trials, 4203 patients) and a higher quality of recovery score (QoR-40 mean difference 6.45, 95% CI 3.64-9.25, 17 trials, 1835 patients). Interpretation The results indicate that postoperative mortality and organ-related morbidity was similar for intravenous and inhalational anaesthesia. Total intravenous anaesthesia offered advantages in postoperative recovery. Funding Dutch Society for Anaesthesiology (NVA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper M. Kampman
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Centre for Sustainable Healthcare, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hermanides
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Markus W. Hollmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Sjoerd Repping
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Healthcare Evaluation and Appropriate Use, National Healthcare Institute, Diemen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolaas H. Sperna Weiland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC Centre for Sustainable Healthcare, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Chaney R, Leger C, Wirtz J, Fontanier E, Méloux A, Quirié A, Martin A, Prigent-Tessier A, Garnier P. Cerebral Benefits Induced by Electrical Muscle Stimulation: Evidence from a Human and Rat Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1883. [PMID: 38339161 PMCID: PMC10855504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise (EX) is well established for its positive impact on brain health. However, conventional EX may not be feasible for certain individuals. In this regard, this study explores electromyostimulation (EMS) as a potential alternative for enhancing cognitive function. Conducted on both human participants and rats, the study involved two sessions of EMS applied to the quadriceps with a duration of 30 min at one-week intervals. The human subjects experienced assessments of cognition and mood, while the rats underwent histological and biochemical analyses on the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and quadriceps. Our findings indicated that EMS enhanced executive functions and reduced anxiety in humans. In parallel, our results from the animal studies revealed an elevation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), specifically in the hippocampus. Intriguingly, this increase was not associated with heightened neuronal activity or cerebral hemodynamics; instead, our data point towards a humoral interaction from muscle to brain. While no evidence of increased muscle and circulating BDNF or FNDC5/irisin pathways could be found, our data highlight lactate as a bridging signaling molecule of the muscle-brain crosstalk following EMS. In conclusion, our results suggest that EMS could be an effective alternative to conventional EX for enhancing both brain health and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Chaney
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Clémence Leger
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Julien Wirtz
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Estelle Fontanier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Alexandre Méloux
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Aurore Quirié
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Alain Martin
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences du Sport, F-21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Anne Prigent-Tessier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
| | - Philippe Garnier
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR des Sciences de Santé, F-21000 Dijon, France; (R.C.); (C.L.); (J.W.); (E.F.); (A.M.); (A.Q.); (P.G.)
- Département Génie Biologique, IUT, F-21000 Dijon, France
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Neves ML, Karvat J, Simões RR, Speretta GFF, Lataro RM, da Silva MD, Santos ARS. The antinociceptive effect of manual acupuncture in the auricular branch of the vagus nerve in visceral and somatic acute pain models and its laterality dependence. Life Sci 2022; 309:121000. [PMID: 36174710 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The vagus nerve provides an important route to the central nervous system, and its brain projections are involved in nociceptive control and pain perception. We investigated the effect of ABVN stimulation on the inhibition of nociceptive signaling and the role of the cholinergic system in its neurobiological effects in models of visceral-somatic pain in rats, as well as the potential difference in stimulus laterality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female Wistar rats were pretreated with auricular acupuncture in the ABVN and submitted to the visceral-somatic nociception model by acetic acid or somatic nociception by formalin. Vagotomy and pharmacological tools were used to verify the participation of the cholinergic system in the experiments. KEY FINDINGS Acupuncture on the left, but not the right, in the ABVN inhibited nociceptive signaling in the visceral-somatic nociception model in male and female rats. Acupuncture on the left ABVN reduced the response time in the formalin test. The cervical vagotomy of the left branch, but not the right, also inhibited nociceptive signaling in the visceral-somatic nociception model and reduced the effect of ABVN stimulation. Furthermore, cholinergic antagonists reduced the left ABVN stimulation effects in the same model. SIGNIFICANCE Our data show that only the stimulation in the left ABVN is capable of producing antinociceptive effect in acute pain models in rats, and that it is dependent on the activation of the vagus nerve caudal to the nodose ganglion, as well as the muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Lisboa Neves
- Program of Post-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Jhenifer Karvat
- Program of Post-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Róli Rodrigues Simões
- Program of Post-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; Nova Palhoça College, Av. Vidal Procópio Lohn, 1081 - Nova Palhoça, Palhoça, SC, 88131-551, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Fleury Fina Speretta
- Program of Post-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Maria Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Morgana Duarte da Silva
- Program of Post-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Adair Roberto Soares Santos
- Program of Post-graduation in Neuroscience, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
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Huang J, Yang C, Zhao K, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Wang T, Qu Y. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Rodent Models of Neuropathic Pain: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:831413. [PMID: 35173577 PMCID: PMC8841820 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.831413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive therapeutic intervention that is typically used for many years to treat chronic pain in patients who are refractory to pain medications. However, evidence of the efficacy of TENS treatment for neuropathic pain is lacking in humans. To further understand the efficacy of TENS under various intervention conditions and illuminate the current circumstance and future research directions, we systematically reviewed animal studies investigating the efficacy of TENS in relieving pain in neuropathic pain rodent models. We searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE (via PubMed), and Web of Science and identified 11 studies. Two meta-analyses were performed. The first meta-analysis showed that a single TENS treatment was capable of temporarily ameliorating neuropathic pain when compared to control groups with a significant effect (standardized mean difference: 1.54; 95% CI: 0.65, 2.42; p = 0.0007; I2 = 58%). Significant temporary alleviation in neuropathic pain intensity was also observed in the meta-analysis of repetitive TENS (standardized mean difference: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.40; p = 0.002; I2 = 75%). Subgroup analysis showed no effect of the timing of the application of TENS (test for subgroup difference, p = 0.47). Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses suggested that no single study had an outsized effect on the pooled estimates, which may partly prove the robustness of these findings. Other stratified analyses were prevented by the insufficient number of included studies. Overall, current data suggest that TENS might be a promising therapy to ameliorate neuropathic pain. However, the high risk of bias in the included studies suggests that cautions must be considered when interpreting these findings and it is not reasonable to directly generalize the results obtained from animal studies to clinical practice. Future studies should pay more attention to improving the quality of study design and reporting, thereby facilitating the understanding of mechanisms underlying TENS treatment, reducing more potentially unsuccessful clinical trials, and optimizing the efficacy of TENS for people with neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation, Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlan Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation, Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kehong Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation, Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqi Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation, Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation, Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation, Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Qu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Neurorehabilitation, Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Qu,
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Sedation in critically ill patients: will the vaporiser replace the syringe? THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2021; 9:1205-1207. [PMID: 34454655 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(21)00359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Aragon IV, Boyd A, Abou Saleh L, Rich J, McDonough W, Koloteva A, Richter W. Inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) potentiates the anesthetic effects of Isoflurane in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114477. [PMID: 33609559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances, there remains a need for novel anesthetic drugs or drug combinations with improved efficacy and safety profiles. Here, we show that inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4), while not inducing anesthesia by itself, potently enhances the anesthetic effects of Isoflurane in mice. Treatment with several distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors, including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast, and RS25344, significantly delayed the time-to-righting after Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, treatment with a PDE3 inhibitor, Cilostamide, or treatment with the potent, but non-brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitor YM976, had no effect. These findings suggest that potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis is a class effect of brain-penetrant PDE4 inhibitors, and that they act by synergizing with Isoflurane in inhibiting neuronal activity. The PDE4 family comprises four PDE4 subtypes, PDE4A to PDE4D. Genetic deletion of any of the four PDE4 subtypes in mice did not affect Isoflurane anesthesia per se. However, PDE4D knockout mice are largely protected from the effect of pharmacologic PDE4 inhibition, suggesting that PDE4D is the predominant, but not the sole PDE4 subtype involved in potentiating Isoflurane anesthesia. Pretreatment with Naloxone or Propranolol alleviated the potentiating effect of PDE4 inhibition, implicating opioid- and β-adrenoceptor signaling in mediating PDE4 inhibitor-induced augmentation of Isoflurane anesthesia. Conversely, stimulation or blockade of α1-adrenergic, α2-adrenergic or serotonergic signaling did not affect the potentiation of Isoflurane hypnosis by PDE4 inhibition. We further show that pretreatment with a PDE4 inhibitor boosts the delivery of bacteria into the lungs of mice after intranasal infection under Isoflurane, thus providing a first example that PDE4 inhibitor-induced potentiation of Isoflurane anesthesia can critically impact animal models and must be considered as a factor in experimental design. Our findings suggest that PDE4/PDE4D inhibition may serve as a tool to delineate the exact molecular mechanisms of Isoflurane anesthesia, which remain poorly understood, and may potentially be exploited to reduce the clinical doses of Isoflurane required to maintain hypnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Justin Rich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Will McDonough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA.
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Iguchi N, Kosaka J, Iguchi Y, Evans RG, Bellomo R, May CN, Lankadeva YR. Systemic haemodynamic, renal perfusion and renal oxygenation responses to changes in inspired oxygen fraction during total intravenous or volatile anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 2020; 125:192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Shirai T, Yano M, Natsume T, Awaga Y, Itani Y, Hama A, Matsuda A, Takamatsu H. Pharmacologic Modulation of Noxious Stimulus-evoked Brain Activation in Cynomolgus Macaques Observed with Functional Neuroimaging. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019; 59:94-103. [PMID: 31753062 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining effective analgesia during invasive procedures performed under general anesthesia is important for minimizing postoperative complications and ensuring satisfactory patient wellbeing and recovery. While patients under deep sedation may demonstrate an apparent lack of response to noxious stimulation, areas of the brain related to pain perception may still be activated. Thus, these patients may still experience pain during invasive procedures. The current study used anesthetized or sedated cynomolgus macaques and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess the activation of the parts of the brain involved in pain perception during the application of peripheral noxious stimuli. Noxious pressure applied to the foot resulted in the bilateral activation of secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and insular cortex (Ins), which are both involved in pain perception, in macaques under either propofol or pentobarbital sedation. No activation of SII/Ins was observed in macaques treated with either isoflurane or a combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol. No movement or other reflexes were observed in response to noxious pressure during stimulation under anesthesia or sedation. The current findings show that despite the lack of visible behavioral symptoms of pain during anesthesia or sedation, brain activation suggests the presence of pain depending on the anesthetic agent used. These data suggest that fMRI could be used to noninvasively assess pain and to confirm the analgesic efficacy of currently used anesthetics. By assessing analgesic efficacy, researchers may refine their experiments, and design protocols that improve analgesia under anesthesia.
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Endothelin Signaling Contributes to Modulation of Nociception in Early-stage Tongue Cancer in Rats. Anesthesiology 2019; 128:1207-1219. [PMID: 29461271 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with early stage tongue cancer do not frequently complain of tongue pain. Endothelin-1 signaling is upregulated in the cancerous tongue at the early stage. We tested the hypothesis that endothelin-1 signaling contributes to the modulation of tongue nociception. METHODS Squamous cell carcinoma cells were inoculated into the tongue under general anesthesia. Lingual mechanical sensitivity under light anesthesia using forceps from days 1 to 21 (n = 8) and the amounts of endothelin-1 and β-endorphin in the tongue on days 6, 14, and 21 (n = 5 to 7) were examined after the inoculation. The effect of endothelin-A or µ-opioid receptor antagonism on the mechanical sensitivity was examined (n = 5 to 7). RESULTS Lingual mechanical sensitivity did not change at the early stage (days 5 to 6) but increased at the late stage (days 13 to 14). The amount of endothelin-1 increased (25.4 ± 4.8 pg/ml vs. 15.0 ± 5.2 pg/ml; P = 0.008), and endothelin-A receptor antagonism in the tongue induced mechanical hypersensitivity at the early stage (51 ± 9 g vs. 81 ± 6 g; P = 0.0001). The µ-opioid receptor antagonism enhanced mechanical hypersensitivity (39 ± 7 g vs. 81 ± 6 g; P < 0.0001), and the amount of β-endorphin increased at the early stage. CONCLUSIONS β-Endorphin released from the cancer cells via endothelin-1 signaling is involved in analgesic action in mechanical hypersensitivity at the early stage.
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Suppressive Effects of Bee Venom-Derived Phospholipase A2 on Mechanical Allodynia in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080477. [PMID: 31430923 PMCID: PMC6723753 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV) has a long history of being used in traditional Korean medicine to relieve pain. Here, we investigated the effect of BV-derived phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2), a major component of BV, on peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was performed in Sprague Dawley rats to induce neuropathic pain, and paw withdrawal thresholds were measured using von Frey test. Mechanical allodynia, the representative symptom of neuropathic pain, was manifested following SNL and persisted for several weeks. The repetitive bvPLA2 treatment (0.2 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for two days significantly relieved the SNL-induced mechanical allodynia. The antiallodynic effect of bvPLA2 was blocked by spinal pretreatment with α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (30 μg, i.t.) but not with α2-adrenergic antagonist idazoxan (50 μg, i.t.). Also, the spinal application of α1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (50 μg, i.t.) reduced mechanical allodynia. These results indicate that bvPLA2 could relieve nerve injury-induced neuropathic mechanical allodynia through the activation of spinal α1-adrenergic receptors.
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Nelson NA, Wang X, Cook D, Carey EM, Nimmerjahn A. Imaging spinal cord activity in behaving animals. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112974. [PMID: 31175843 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The spinal cord is the primary neurological link between the brain and peripheral organs. How important it is in everyday life is apparent in patients with spinal cord injury or motoneuron disease, who have dramatically reduced musculoskeletal control or capacity to sense their environment. Despite its crucial role in sensory and motor processing little is known about the cellular and molecular signaling events that underlie spinal cord function under naturalistic conditions. While genetic, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and circuit tracing studies have revealed important roles for different molecularly defined neurons, these approaches insufficiently describe the moment-to-moment neuronal and non-neuronal activity patterns that underlie sensory-guided motor behaviors in health and disease. The recent development of imaging methods for real-time interrogation of cellular activity in the spinal cord of behaving mice has removed longstanding technical obstacles to spinal cord research and allowed new insight into how different cell types encode sensory information from mechanoreceptors and nociceptors in the skin. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in interrogating cellular and microcircuit function in the spinal cord of behaving mammals and discuss current opportunities and technological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Nelson
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Biologial Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Cook
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erin M Carey
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Iguchi N, Kosaka J, Booth LC, Iguchi Y, Evans RG, Bellomo R, May CN, Lankadeva YR. Renal perfusion, oxygenation, and sympathetic nerve activity during volatile or intravenous general anaesthesia in sheep. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:342-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Ogurlu M, Sari S, Küçük M, Bakiş M, Uğur B, Eshraghi YE, Galimberti F, Turan A. Comparison of the Effect of Propofol and Sevoflurane Anaesthesia on Acute and Chronic Postoperative Pain after Hysterectomy. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 42:365-70. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1404200314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ogurlu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - S. Sari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - M. Küçük
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - M. Bakiş
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - B. Uğur
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Y. E. Eshraghi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - F. Galimberti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - A. Turan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Ji FH, Wang D, Zhang J, Liu HY, Peng K. Effects of propofol anesthesia versus sevoflurane anesthesia on postoperative pain after radical gastrectomy: a randomized controlled trial. J Pain Res 2018; 11:1247-1254. [PMID: 29983588 PMCID: PMC6025767 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s164889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose After a radical gastrectomy, patients may experience severe pain. Some studies have reported that the use of propofol significantly reduced postoperative pain, while others have argued that this effect was not significant. Thus, we aimed to assess whether anesthesia with propofol could help to reduce pain after an open radical gastrectomy procedure. Patients and methods Sixty patients who were scheduled to undergo a laparotomy for radical gastrectomy were randomly assigned to either the propofol or sevoflurane group (n=30 each). A target-controlled infusion of propofol or inhalation of sevoflurane, titrated to bispectral index of 40–60, was maintained. All patients were administered a standardized multimodal analgesic plan, including intraoperative dexmedetomidine, dexamethasone, and postoperative flurbiprofen axetil, as well as patient-controlled fentanyl. Hemodynamics, pain scores, fentanyl consumption, adverse events, and the incidence of chronic pain 1 month and 3 months following hospital discharge were recorded. Results The intensity of postoperative pain was relatively low to moderate in all the patients. The propofol group showed lower pain scores, at rest and while coughing, up to 48 h postoperatively compared to the sevoflurane group (P<0.05). Cumulative fentanyl consumption 0–24 h after surgery was lower for the propofol group (364.4 ± 139.1 vs. 529.3 ± 237.9 µg; P=0.002). However, for fentanyl consumption 0–48 h, the difference between the two groups was not significant (710.9 ± 312.8 vs. 850.9 ± 292.0 µg; P=0.078). There were no differences in the incidences of adverse events or chronic pain between the groups. Conclusions Overall, the multimodal analgesic approach reduced postoperative pain after an open radical gastrectomy procedure in all patients anesthetized with either propofol or sevoflurane. Furthermore, our results indicated better analgesic outcome for the propofol group, especially in the early postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Hai Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Hua-Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,
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Sudo RT, do Amaral RV, Monteiro CEDS, Pitta IDR, Lima MDC, Montes GC, Ririe DG, Hayashida K, Zapata-Sudo G. Antinociception induced by a novel α 2A adrenergic receptor agonist in rodents acute and chronic pain models. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:210-218. [PMID: 28935564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms and antinociceptive effects of a novel α2A adrenoceptor agonist, 3-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzil)-imidazolinide-2,4-dione (PT-31) were investigated using animal models of acute and chronic pain. The effects of PT-31 on pain responses were examined using hot plate and formalin tests in mice and spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced hyperalgesia in rats. The effects of antagonists acting on α adrenoceptor were assessed to investigate the interaction of these pathways upon PT-31 induced antinociception. PT-31 effects on motor activity/skills and on hemodynamic parameters were also evaluated. PT-31 had dose-dependent antinociception effects on hot-plate and formalin-injection induced pain responses. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were reduced following a 7 d treatment with PT-31 (1, 5, and 10mg/kg/d, p.o.), and those effects were attenuated by yohimbine (5mg/kg), atropine (2mg/kg), L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 30mg/kg), or naloxone (2mg/kg). In contrast to clonidine, PT-31 did not have locomotor or hemodynamic effects in rats. The present results suggest that PT-31 represents a candidate for pain treatment with advantages over clonidine, namely no locomotor or hemodynamic impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Takashi Sudo
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rachel Vieiralves do Amaral
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo da Silva Monteiro
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Lima
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, PE, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carneiro Montes
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Douglas Gordon Ririe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kenichiro Hayashida
- Department of Neurophysiology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Gisele Zapata-Sudo
- Programa de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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17
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Therapeutic Ultrasound and Treadmill Training Suppress Peripheral Nerve Injury-Induced Pain in Rats. Phys Ther 2016; 96:1545-1553. [PMID: 27126126 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20140379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence suggests that therapeutic ultrasound (TU) in combination with treadmill training (TT) suppresses nerve injury-associated pain, the molecular mechanisms for this action are not clear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to study the possible beneficial effects of TU and TT, alone and in combination, on 2 clinical indicators of neuropathic pain and correlate these findings with changes in inflammatory mediators within the spinal cord. Our experimental model used the well-known chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the rat sciatic nerve. DESIGN This was an experimental study. METHODS Each group contained 10 rats. Group 1 underwent only the CCI procedure. Group 2 underwent a sham operation where the sciatic nerve was exposed but not ligated. Group 3 had the sham operation followed by both TT and TU. Groups 4, 5, and 6 underwent the CCI procedure followed by TT alone, TU alone, and both the TT and TU interventions, respectively. Heat and mechanical sensitivity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with group 1 animals, TT or TU, or both, produced smaller decreases in mechanical withdrawal threshold and heat withdrawal latencies. The combination of TT and TU was more effective than either treatment alone. In addition, rats that received these treatments did not express the upregulation of IL-6 and Iba1 in their spinal cords on postoperative days 14 and 28, as was found in the group 1 animals. LIMITATIONS These experimental findings may not be generalizable to humans. CONCLUSIONS The combination of TU and TT reduces neuropathic pain more than either modality alone. This beneficial effect appears related to downregulation of proinflammatory IL-6 and Iba1, while upregulating the anti-inflammatory IL-10.
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Kozuka Y, Kawamata M, Furue H, Ishida T, Tanaka S, Namiki A, Yamakage M. Changes in synaptic transmission of substantia gelatinosa neurons after spinal cord hemisection revealed by analysis using in vivo patch-clamp recording. Mol Pain 2016; 12:1744806916665827. [PMID: 27573517 PMCID: PMC5006296 DOI: 10.1177/1744806916665827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After spinal cord injury, central neuropathic pain develops in the majority of spinal cord injury patients. Spinal hemisection in rats, which has been developed as an animal model of spinal cord injury in humans, results in hyperexcitation of spinal dorsal horn neurons soon after the hemisection and thereafter. The hyperexcitation is likely caused by permanent elimination of the descending pain systems. We examined the change in synaptic transmission of substantia gelatinosa neurons following acute spinal hemisection by using an in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp technique. RESULTS An increased spontaneous action potential firings of substantia gelatinosa neurons was detected in hemisected rats compared with that in control animals. The frequencies and amplitudes of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currentss in response to non-noxious and noxious stimuli were not different between hemisected and control animals. On the contrary, the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents of substantia gelatinosa neurons in hemisected animals were significantly smaller and lower, respectively, than those in control animals (P < 0.01). Large amplitude and high-frequency spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents, which could not be elicited by mechanical stimuli, were seen in 44% of substantia gelatinosa neurons in control animals but only in 17% of substantia gelatinosa neurons in hemisected animals. In control animals, such large amplitude spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents were suppressed by spinal application of tetrodotoxin (1 µM). Cervical application of lidocaine (2%, 10 µl) also inhibited such large amplitude of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. The proportion of multi-receptive substantia gelatinosa neurons, which exhibit action potential firing in response to non-noxious and noxious stimuli, was much larger in hemisected animals than in control animals. CONCLUSIONS These suggest that substantia gelatinosa neurons receive tonic inhibition by spinal inhibitory interneurons which generate persistent action potentials. Spinal hemisection results in hyperexcitation of substantia gelatinosa neurons at least in part by eliminating the tonic descending control of spinal inhibitory interneurons from supraspinal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kozuka
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mikito Kawamata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Furue
- Department of Information Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Namiki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Yamakage
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Wenner MI, Maker GL, Dawson LF, Drummond PD, Mullaney I. The potential of metabolomic analysis techniques for the characterisation of α1-adrenergic receptors in cultured N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1561-75. [PMID: 26408527 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies of neuropathic pain have linked abnormal adrenergic signalling to the development and maintenance of pain, although the mechanisms underlying this are not yet fully understood. Metabolomic analysis is a technique that can be used to give a snapshot of biochemical status, and can aid in the identification of the mechanisms behind pathological changes identified in cells, tissues and biological fluids. This study aimed to use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling in combination with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry to identify functional α1-adrenergic receptors on cultured N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells. The study was able to confirm the presence of mRNA for the α1D subtype, as well as protein expression of the α1-adrenergic receptor. Furthermore, metabolomic data revealed changes to the metabolite profile of cells when exposed to adrenergic pharmacological intervention. Agonist treatment with phenylephrine hydrochloride (10 µM) resulted in altered levels of several metabolites including myo-inositol, glucose, fructose, alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine, and n-acetylglutamic acid. Many of the changes observed in N1E-115 cells by agonist treatment were modulated by additional antagonist treatment (prazosin hydrochloride, 100 µM). A number of these changes reflected what is known about the biochemistry of α1-adrenergic receptor activation. This preliminary study therefore demonstrates the potential of metabolomic profiling to confirm the presence of functional receptors on cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Wenner
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Garth L Maker
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia. .,Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Linda F Dawson
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ian Mullaney
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Aira Z, Barrenetxea T, Buesa I, Azkue JJ. Plasticity of α2-adrenergic spinal antinociception following nerve injury: selective, bidirectional interaction with the delta opioid receptor. Brain Res 2014; 1594:190-203. [PMID: 25446445 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of opioid receptors with other receptor families can be made use of to improve analgesia and reduce adverse effects of opioid analgesics. We investigated interactions of the α2-adrenergic receptor (α2AR) with opioid receptors of the mu (MOR) and delta (DOR) types in the spinal dorsal horn in an animal model of neuropathic pain induced by spinal nerve ligation. Nine days after nerve injury, immunoreactivity for the α2AR subtype A (α2AAR) was increased both in tissue homogenates and at pre- and post-synaptic sites in transverse sections. The efficacy of spinally administered α2AAR agonist guanfacine at reducing C-fiber-evoked field potentials was increased in nerve-ligated rats. This reducing effect was impaired by simultaneous administration of DOR antagonist naltrindole, but not MOR antagonist CTOP, suggesting that concurrent DOR activation was required for α2AAR-mediated inhibition. While DOR agonist deltorphin II and MOR agonist DAMGO both effectively depressed C-fiber-evoked spinal field potentials, DOR- but not MOR-mediated depression was enhanced by subclinical guanfacine. In conscious, nerve-ligated rats, chronically administered deltorphin II produced stable thermal and mechanical antinociception over the 9 following days after nerve injury without apparent signs of habituation. Such an effect was dramatically enhanced by co-administration of a low dose of guanfacine, which reversed thermal and mechanical thresholds to levels near those prior to injury. The results suggest that spinal, α2AAR-mediated antinociception is increased after nerve injury and based on DOR co-activation. We demonstrate in vivo that α2AAR/DOR interaction can be exploited to provide effective behavioral antinociception during neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigor Aira
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, PO Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Teresa Barrenetxea
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, PO Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Itsaso Buesa
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, PO Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jon Jatsu Azkue
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, PO Box 699, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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Drummond ES, Dawson LF, Finch PM, Li W, Guo TZ, Kingery WS, Drummond PD. Increased bilateral expression of α1-adrenoceptors on peripheral nerves, blood vessels and keratinocytes does not account for pain or neuroinflammatory changes after distal tibia fracture in rats. Neuroscience 2014; 281:99-109. [PMID: 25267387 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In certain forms of nerve injury and inflammation, noradrenaline augments pain via actions on up-regulated α1-adrenoceptors (α1-ARs). The aim of this study was to use immunohistochemistry to examine α1-AR expression on peripheral neurons, cutaneous blood vessels and keratinocytes after distal tibia fracture and cast immobilization, a model of complex regional pain syndrome type 1. We hypothesized that there would be increased α1-AR expression on neurons and keratinocytes in the injured limb in comparison to the contralateral unaffected limb after distal tibia fracture, in association with inflammatory changes and pain. α1-AR expression was increased on plantar keratinocytes, dermal blood vessels and peripheral nerve fibers at 16weeks after injury both in the fractured and contralateral uninjured limb. Similar changes were seen in controls whose limb had been immobilized in a cast for 4weeks but not fractured. Neurofilament 200 (NF200), a marker of myelinated neurons, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a neuropeptide involved in neuro-inflammatory signaling, decreased 4weeks after fracture and casting but then increased at the 16-week time point. As some of these changes were also detected in the contralateral hind limb, they probably were triggered by a systemic response to fracture and casting. Soon after the cast was removed, intraplantar injections of the α1-AR antagonist prazosin released local vasoconstrictor tone but had no effect on pain behaviors. However, systemic injection of prazosin inhibited behavioral signs of pain, suggesting that fracture and/or casting triggered an up-regulation of α1-ARs in central nociceptive pathways that augmented pain. Together, these findings indicate that α1-AR expression increases in the hind limbs after distal tibia fracture and cast immobilization. However, these peripheral increases do not contribute directly to residual pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Drummond
- Centre for Research on Chronic Pain and Inflammatory Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L F Dawson
- Centre for Research on Chronic Pain and Inflammatory Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - P M Finch
- Centre for Research on Chronic Pain and Inflammatory Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W Li
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Services, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T-Z Guo
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Services, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - W S Kingery
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Services, VAPAHCS, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - P D Drummond
- Centre for Research on Chronic Pain and Inflammatory Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Hajhashemi V, Banafshe HR, Minaiyan M, Mesdaghinia A, Abed A. Antinociceptive effects of venlafaxine in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy: role of alpha2-adrenergic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:230-6. [PMID: 24861021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine whether acute or chronic venlafaxine administration was effective in alleviating symptoms of neuropathic pain in a rat model of neuropathic pain, and whether the effect of venlafaxine involved manipulation of α2-adrenoceptors,by determining the effect of yohimbine, a α2-adrenoceptor antagonist on its actions. Neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in the rats that resulted in stimulus-evoked thermal hyperalgesia, tactile mechanical and cold allodynia. Acute venlafaxine injections (20 and 40 mg/kg i.p.) on the 7th, 14th and 21st postoperative days could not reduce tactile and cold hypersensitivity significantly compared to CCI group. But in these groups venlafaxine (40 mg/kg i.p.) blocked heat hyperalgesia. When venlafaxine (10 and 20mg/kg i.p.) administration was started on the first day after CCI and given daily until the 14th day, tactile hypersensitivity and heat hyperalgesia considerably were attenuated. But when venlafaxine (20mg/kg i.p.) treatment was initiated on the 10th day after CCI, once the model had been fully established, and given daily for 11 days, no differences in withdrawal thresholds were observed compared with CCI group however heat hyperalgesia significantly has been blocked. Also the effect of venlafaxine on heat hyperalgesia was reversed by pretreatment with yohimbine at all-time intervals. These results indicate that venlafaxine, when administered immediately after nerve injury, and for a sufficient period of time, can prevent the development and expression of neuropathic pain. Also we conclude that α2-adrenoceptors participate in the antinociceptive effects of venlafaxine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Banafshe
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azam Mesdaghinia
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Abed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Marinov V, Valic M, Pecotic R, Karanovic N, Dodig IP, Carev M, Valic Z, Dogas Z. Sevoflurane and isoflurane monoanesthesia abolished the phrenic long-term facilitation in rats. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 189:607-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Stuth EAE, Stucke AG, Zuperku EJ. Effects of anesthetics, sedatives, and opioids on ventilatory control. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:2281-367. [PMID: 23720250 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive, up to date summary of the effects of volatile, gaseous, and intravenous anesthetics and opioid agonists on ventilatory control. Emphasis is placed on data from human studies. Further mechanistic insights are provided by in vivo and in vitro data from other mammalian species. The focus is on the effects of clinically relevant agonist concentrations and studies using pharmacological, that is, supraclinical agonist concentrations are de-emphasized or excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eckehard A E Stuth
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Anesthesia Research Service, Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
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α1-Adrenergic receptor subtypes in the central nervous system: insights from genetically engineered mouse models. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1489-97. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Thompson GJ, Pan WJ, Magnuson ME, Jaeger D, Keilholz SD. Quasi-periodic patterns (QPP): large-scale dynamics in resting state fMRI that correlate with local infraslow electrical activity. Neuroimage 2013; 84:1018-31. [PMID: 24071524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity measurements from resting state blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are proving a powerful tool to probe both normal brain function and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the neural mechanisms that coordinate these large networks are poorly understood, particularly in the context of the growing interest in network dynamics. Recent work in anesthetized rats has shown that the spontaneous BOLD fluctuations are tightly linked to infraslow local field potentials (LFPs) that are seldom recorded but comparable in frequency to the slow BOLD fluctuations. These findings support the hypothesis that long-range coordination involves low frequency neural oscillations and establishes infraslow LFPs as an excellent candidate for probing the neural underpinnings of the BOLD spatiotemporal patterns observed in both rats and humans. To further examine the link between large-scale network dynamics and infraslow LFPs, simultaneous fMRI and microelectrode recording were performed in anesthetized rats. Using an optimized filter to isolate shared components of the signals, we found that time-lagged correlation between infraslow LFPs and BOLD is comparable in spatial extent and timing to a quasi-periodic pattern (QPP) found from BOLD alone, suggesting that fMRI-measured QPPs and the infraslow LFPs share a common mechanism. As fMRI allows spatial resolution and whole brain coverage not available with electroencephalography, QPPs can be used to better understand the role of infraslow oscillations in normal brain function and neurological or psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth John Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University/Georgia Institute of Technology, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Mei W, Li M, Yu Y, Cheung C, Cao F, Nie B, Zhang Z, Wang P, Tian Y. Tropisetron alleviate early post-operative pain after gynecological laparoscopy in sevoflurane based general anaesthesia: A randomized, parallel-group, factorial study. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:238-48. [PMID: 23868810 DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Mei
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - M. Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Y. Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - C.W. Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology; The University of Hong Kong; Queen Mary Hospital; HKSAR China
| | - F. Cao
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
- Department of Neuroscience; Baylor College of Medicine; Houston USA
| | - B. Nie
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Z. Zhang
- School of Medicine and Health Management; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - P. Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Y. Tian
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine; Tongji Hospital; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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Boretius S, Tammer R, Michaelis T, Brockmöller J, Frahm J. Halogenated volatile anesthetics alter brain metabolism as revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of mice in vivo. Neuroimage 2013; 69:244-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Xenon and sevoflurane provide analgesia during labor and fetal brain protection in a perinatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37020. [PMID: 22615878 PMCID: PMC3355162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not possible to identify all pregnancies at risk of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Many women use some form of analgesia during childbirth and some anesthetic agents have been shown to be neuroprotective when used as analgesics at subanesthetic concentrations. In this study we sought to understand the effects of two anesthetic agents with presumptive analgesic activity and known preconditioning-neuroprotective properties (sevoflurane or xenon), in reducing hypoxia-induced brain damage in a model of intrauterine perinatal asphyxia. The analgesic and neuroprotective effects at subanesthetic levels of sevoflurane (0.35%) or xenon (35%) were tested in a rat model of intrauterine perinatal asphyxia. Analgesic effects were measured by assessing maternal behavior and spinal cord dorsal horn neuronal activation using c-Fos. In separate experiments, intrauterine fetal asphyxia was induced four hours after gas exposure; on post-insult day 3 apoptotic cell death was measured by caspase-3 immunostaining in hippocampal neurons and correlated with the number of viable neurons on postnatal day (PND) 7. A separate cohort of pups was nurtured by a surrogate mother for 50 days when cognitive testing with Morris water maze was performed. Both anesthetic agents provided analgesia as reflected by a reduction in the number of stretching movements and decreased c-Fos expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Both agents also reduced the number of caspase-3 positive (apoptotic) neurons and increased cell viability in the hippocampus at PND7. These acute histological changes were mirrored by improved cognitive function measured remotely after birth on PND 50 compared to control group. Subanesthetic doses of sevoflurane or xenon provided both analgesia and neuroprotection in this model of intrauterine perinatal asphyxia. These data suggest that anesthetic agents with neuroprotective properties may be effective in preventing HIE and should be tested in clinical trials in the future.
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LI M, MEI W, WANG P, YU Y, QIAN W, ZHANG ZG, TIAN YK. Propofol reduces early post-operative pain after gynecological laparoscopy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012; 56:368-75. [PMID: 22192060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence that propofol may reduce post-operative pain. However, the results on the analgesic effects of propofol are inconsistent. Thus, we hypothesized that propofol reduces acute pain if confounding factors like opioids are avoided. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, subject- and assessor-blind, parallel-group, head-to-head comparative study, 90 American Society of Anesthesiologists I or II females underwent elective laparoscopies were randomized to receive either propofol-based (PR), or sevoflurane-based (SR), or sevoflurane-propofol-based anesthesia (SPR). Pain score at rest assessed by a numerical rating scale at 0.5 h after surgery was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included pain score at 1 and 24 h post-operatively, duration of post-anesthesia care units stay (PACU), incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting, incidence of shivering, and post-operative quality of recovery score (QoR-40) within the first 24 h post-operatively. RESULTS No patients received rescue analgesia. The pain score at 0.5 h post-operatively was less in group PR when compared with group SR (0.7 ± 1.4 vs. 2.1 ± 1.8; P = 0.010) or group SPR (0.7 ± 1.4 vs. 2.1 ± 2.2; P = 0.008). Group PR was also associated with shorter PACU stay than group SR (21.8 ± 5.7 vs. 26.2 ± 6.9; P = 0.050) or group SPR (21.8 ± 5.7 vs. 27.8 ± 8.9; P = 0.005). Intraoperative bispectral index values, hemodynamic values and post-operative QoR-40 scores did not differ among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Propofol anesthesia was associated with significantly less pain at 0.5 and 1 h after surgery in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopies with planned opioid-free post-operative analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. LI
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; China
| | - W. MEI
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; China
| | - P. WANG
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Y. YU
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan; China
| | - W. QIAN
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; China
| | - Z. G. ZHANG
- School of Medicine and Health Management; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan; China
| | - Y. K. TIAN
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; China
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Stokes JA, Corr M, Yaksh TL. Transient tactile allodynia following intrathecal puncture in mouse: contributions of Toll-like receptor signaling. Neurosci Lett 2011; 504:215-8. [PMID: 21964382 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies of spinal drug action in mice often involve percutaneous intrathecal drug administration delivered in a lightly anesthetized animal. A successful lumbar intrathecal (IT) needle stick of a lightly anesthetized (isoflurane) mouse evokes a tail flick, which is an indication of local spinal nerve stimulation. Immediately upon arousal, a hind paw tactile allodynia, as measured with von Frey hairs (pre 1.55±0.11 g vs. injected 0.66±0.08 g) lasts 3-4 h. In a similarly anesthetized mouse without the needle stick, a 1-h allodynia was noted. In studies on spinal Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, we observed that following intrathecal puncture and mechanical stimulation of the nerve roots mice deficient in TLR down-stream signaling (Myd88(-/-)/Trif(lps2)), displayed only the transient (1-h) allodynia otherwise observed following isoflurane alone. These data suggest that the extended period of hyperalgesia observed with needle penetration of the dura and mechanical stimulation of the nerve roots requires signaling through the MyD88/TRIF pathways and supports the intrinsic role of Toll-like receptors in the allodynia secondary to the minor nerve activation occurring during the intradural puncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Stokes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0818, USA
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A peripheral adrenoceptor-mediated sympathetic mechanism can transform stress-induced analgesia into hyperalgesia. Anesthesiology 2011; 114:1403-16. [PMID: 21540738 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e31821c3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress has paradoxical effects on pain, causing stress-induced analgesia but also exacerbating pain via poorly understood mechanisms. Adrenergic neurotransmission is integral in pathways that regulate the response to both pain and stress. Hyperalgesia is often associated with enhanced adrenergic sensitivity of primary afferents, but sympathetic nervous system outflow has not been demonstrated to exacerbate pain perception after stress. METHODS Rats or C57/BL6 wild-type mice treated with α-2 receptor antagonists or α-2A receptor knockout mice were exposed to ultrasonic noise stress or footshock stress and subsequently tested for hotplate paw withdrawal latencies. The sensory sensitivity of α-2A knockout mice to electrical and chemical stimuli was tested neurophysiologically and behaviorally. The effects of sympatholytic treatments were investigated. RESULTS Noise and footshock stressors induced thermal hyperalgesia in rats pretreated systemically with α-2 antagonists. Wild-type mice pretreated with α-2 antagonists and α-2A knockout mice also exhibited thermal hyperalgesia induced by noise stress. Local spinal or intraplantar injection of an α-2 antagonist counteracted stress-induced analgesia without causing hyperalgesia. The α-2A knockout mice had decreased thresholds for peripheral sensitization with sulprostone and for windup of the dorsal horn neuronal response to repetitive electrical stimuli. Stress-induced hyperalgesia was abolished and the sensitization was attenuated by sympathectomy or systemic administration of an α-1-adrenergic antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Sympathetic postganglionic nerves can enhance pain sensation via a peripheral α-1-adrenoceptor mechanism when sympathetic outflow is disinhibited. The net effect of stress on pain sensation reflects a balance between descending spinal inhibition and sympathetic outflow that can shift toward pain facilitation when central and peripheral α-2-adrenoceptor inhibitory mechanisms are attenuated.
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Effects of intrathecal isoflurane administration on nociception and Fos expression in the rat spinal cord. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011; 28:112-9. [DOI: 10.1097/eja.0b013e328340514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gilsbach R, Albarrán-Juárez J, Hein L. Pre- versus Postsynaptic Signaling by α2-Adrenoceptors. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2011; 67:139-60. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-384921-2.00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Changes induced by formalin pain in central alpha1-adrenoceptor density are modulated by adenosine receptor agonists. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 117:549-58. [PMID: 20309590 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the role of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in adenosine analgesia in the formalin test. Formalin was injected into the hind paw of male CD-1 mice after injection of adenosine A(1) or A(2a) receptor agonists, CPA, [N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine], and CGS21680 [2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenylethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine hydrochloride]. In the behavioral experiment, alpha(1)-adrenoceptors were blocked by an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin, 0.01 mg/kg i.p., and the time mice spent paw licking was recorded for the early (0-15 min) and late (15-60 min) phase of formalin pain. In the neurochemical experiments, mice were killed 15 or 45 min after formalin injection. The density of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors was assessed in various brain areas and in the lumbar spinal cord by [(3)H]prazosin autoradiography. Adenosine agonists produced analgesia in both phases of formalin pain, while prazosin showed a tendency to pronociceptive action in the late phase, and antagonized the effect of CGS21680. After formalin injection, alpha(1)-adrenoceptor density was elevated in some brain areas, mainly in the late phase (some contralateral amygdaloid and ipsilateral thalamic nuclei) and depressed in others (early phase in the ipsilateral spinal cord and late phase in both ipsi- and contralateral sensorimotor cortex). Elevation of alpha(1)-adrenoceptor density, which may be interpreted as a defensive response, did not develop in several cases of CPA-pretreated mice. This suggests that the analgesic effect of adenosine A(1) receptor activation renders the defensive response unnecessary. The depression of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors may suggest development of hypersensitivity in a given structure, and this was antagonized by CGS21680, suggesting the role of A(2a) receptors in control of inflammatory formalin pain.
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Antognini JF. Anesthetic action: the importance of the spinal cord to immobility. Vet J 2010; 187:151-2. [PMID: 20226701 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang GW, Yang CX, Gao HR, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Jiao RS, Zhang H, Liang Y, Xu MY. Microinjection of different doses of norepinephrine into the caudate putamen produces opposing effects in rats. Neurosci Lett 2010; 471:125-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jang HS, Lee MG. Atipamezole changes the antinociceptive effects of butorphanol after medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in rats. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009; 36:591-6. [PMID: 19845932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of atipamezole administered before butorphanol, on tail-flick latency (TFL) and also following medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia in rats. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized experimental study. ANIMALS Thirty-four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 260-390 g. METHODS TFL in 50 degrees C water was used to measure antinociception. In the first experiment, rats received saline (n = 5) or atipamezole (n = 5) followed by butorphanol treatments. In the second experiment, three groups of rats received saline (n = 8), atipamezole (n = 8) or atimpamezole (n = 8) followed by butorphanol 60 minutes after medetomidine-ketamine administration. RESULTS In the first experiment, butorphanol significantly increased TFL compared to baseline. Atipamezole significantly decreased this effect. In the second experiment, TFL was significantly increased after recovery from medetomidine-ketamine anaesthesia compared to baseline. This was almost completely blocked by atipamezole. Atipamezole with butorphanol after recovery from the anaesthesia significantly reduced TFL compared to saline but still significantly increased TFL compared to the baseline. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Atipamezole attenuated the analgesic effects of butorphanol. When postoperative atipamezole is used to hasten recovery from anaesthesia in rats, it may interfere with the postoperative analgesic effect of butorphanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Soo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Jinks SL, Carstens E, Antognini JF. Nitrous oxide-induced analgesia does not influence nitrous oxide's immobilizing requirements. Anesth Analg 2009; 109:1111-6. [PMID: 19762738 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181b5a2a7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrous oxide (N(2)O) acts on supraspinal noradrenergic neurons to produce analgesia, but it is unclear if analgesia contributes to N(2)O's immobilizing effects. We tested the hypothesis that N(2)O minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) is unchanged after selective ablation of supraspinal noradrenergic neurons, or in naïve animals at N(2)O exposure timepoints when analgesia is absent. METHODS We determined tailflick latency (TFL) and hindpaw withdrawal latency (HPL) under 70% N(2)O, N(2)O MAC, and isoflurane MAC before and after intracerebroventricular injections of anti-dopamine-beta hydroxylase conjugated to saporin (SAP-DBH; n = 7), or a control antibody conjugated to saporin (n = 5). In a separate group of naive rats (n = 8), N(2)O MAC was determined at 25-45 min after initiation of N(2)O exposure (during peak analgesia) and again at 120-140 min (after TFL and HPL returned to baseline). RESULTS After 30 min of N(2)O exposure, TFL and HPL increased significantly but declined back to baseline within 120 min. N(2)O did not produce analgesia in rats that received SAP-DBH. However, N(2)O and isoflurane MAC were not significantly different between SAP-DBH and control-injected animals (Mean +/- sd for N(2)O: 1.7 +/- 0.1 atm vs 1.7 +/- 0.2 atm; isofurane: 1.6 +/- 0.2% vs 1.7 +/- 0.2%). In naïve animals, N(2)O MAC was not different at the 30 min period compared with the 120 min period (1.8 +/- 0.1 atm vs 1.8 +/- 0.2 atm). CONCLUSIONS Destroying brainstem noradrenergic neurons or prolonged exposure to N(2)O removes its analgesic effects, but does not change MAC. The immobilizing mechanism of N(2)O is independent from its analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Jinks
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) mediate neuronal action potentials. Tetrodotoxin inhibits all Nav isoforms, but Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 are relatively tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-r) compared to other isoforms. Nav1.8 is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglion neurons and is functionally linked to nociception, but the sensitivity of TTX-r isoforms to inhaled anesthetics is unclear. METHODS The sensitivities of heterologously expressed rat TTX-r Nav1.8 and endogenous tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-s) Nav to the prototypic inhaled anesthetic isoflurane were tested in mammalian ND7/23 cells using patch-clamp electrophysiology. RESULTS From a holding potential of -70 mV, isoflurane (0.53 +/- 0.06 mM, 1.8 minimum alveolar concentration at 24 degrees C) reduced normalized peak Na current (INa) of Nav1.8 to 0.55 +/- 0.03 and of endogenous TTX-s Nav to 0.56 +/- 0.06. Isoflurane minimally inhibited INa from a holding potential of -140 mV. Isoflurane did not affect voltage-dependence of activation, but it significantly shifted voltage-dependence of steady-state inactivation by -6 mV for Nav1.8 and by -7 mV for TTX-s Nav. IC50 values for inhibition of peak INa were 0.67 +/- 0.06 mM for Nav1.8 and 0.66 +/- 0.09 mM for TTX-s Nav; significant inhibition occurred at clinically relevant concentrations as low as 0.58 minimum alveolar concentration. Isoflurane produced use-dependent block of Nav1.8; at a stimulation frequency of 10 Hz, 0.56 +/- 0.08 mM isoflurane reduced INa to 0.64 +/- 0.01 versus 0.78 +/- 0.01 for control. CONCLUSION Isoflurane inhibited the tetrodotoxin-resistant isoform Nav1.8 with potency comparable to that for endogenous tetrodotoxin-sensitive Nav isoforms, indicating that sensitivity to inhaled anesthetics is conserved across diverse Nav family members. Block of Nav1.8 in dorsal root ganglion neurons could contribute to the effects of inhaled anesthetics on peripheral nociceptive mechanisms.
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Suppression of the descending inhibitory pathway by continuous thoracic intrathecal lidocaine infusion reduces the thermal threshold of the tail-flick response in rats. J Anesth 2009; 23:399-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-009-0767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cheng W, Yin Q, Zeng YM, Wang S, Chen HS, Feng T. Effects of Intrathecal Injection of Nicotine on the Analgesic Effects of Isoflurane in a Model of Inflammatory Pain. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2009; 105:120-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effects of sevoflurane on carrageenan- and fentanyl-induced pain hypersensitivity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Can J Anaesth 2008; 56:126-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-008-9023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 11/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Ge ZJ, Tan YF, Zhao YP, Cui GX. EVIDENCE THAT INHIBITION OF SPINAL NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION CONTRIBUTES TO THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECTS OF EMULSIFIED ISOFLURANE ON FORMALIN-INDUCED PAIN IN RATS. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:1245-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Volatile anesthetic effects on midbrain-elicited locomotion suggest that the locomotor network in the ventral spinal cord is the primary site for immobility. Anesthesiology 2008; 108:1016-24. [PMID: 18497602 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e3181730297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile anesthetics produce immobility primarily by action in the spinal cord; however, anesthetic effects among different neuronal classes located in different spinal regions, and how they relate to immobility, are not understood. METHODS In decerebrated rats, effects of isoflurane and halothane on movement elicited by electrical microstimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) were assessed in relation to minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). Anesthetic effects on step frequency and isometric limb force were measured. The authors also examined effects of MLR stimulation on responses of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons and limb force responses to tail clamp. RESULTS Mean isoflurane requirements to block MLR-elicited stepping were slightly but significantly greater than MAC by 10%. Mean halothane requirements to block MLR-elicited stepping were greater than those for isoflurane and exceeded MAC by 20%. From 0.4 to 1.3 MAC (but not 0.0 to 0.4 MAC), there was a dose-dependent reduction in the frequency and force of hind limb movements elicited by MLR stimulation during both anesthetics. MLR stimulation inhibited noxious stimulus evoked responses of dorsal horn neurons by approximately 80%. Aptly, MLR stimulation produced analgesia that outlasted the midbrain stimulus by at least 15 s, as indicated by an 81% reduction in hind limb force elicited noxious tail clamp. CONCLUSIONS Because electrical stimulation of the MLR elicits movement independent of dorsal horn activation, the immobilizing properties of isoflurane and halothane are largely independent of action in the dorsal horn. The results suggest that volatile anesthetics produce immobility mainly by action on ventral spinal locomotor networks.
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Yao A, Kim J, Atherley R, Jinks SL, Carstens E, Shargh S, Sulger A, Antognini JF. The effects of aromatic anesthetics on dorsal horn neuronal responses to noxious stimulation. Anesth Analg 2008; 106:1759-64. [PMID: 18499606 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181732ee3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor potentiation and/or N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibition might explain the anesthetic properties of fluorinated aromatic compounds. We hypothesized that depression of dorsal horn neuronal responses to noxious stimulation would correlate with the magnitude of effect of benzene (BNZ), o-difluorobenzene, and hexafluorobenzene (HFB) on NMDA receptors. METHODS Rats were anesthetized with desflurane. A T13-L1 laminectomy allowed extracellular recording of neuronal activity from the lumbar spinal cord. After discontinuing desflurane administration, MAC for each aromatic anesthetic was determined. A 5-s noxious mechanical stimulus was then applied to the hindpaw receptive field of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons, and single-neuron responses were recorded at 0.8 and 1.2 MAC. These responses were also recorded in decerebrate rats receiving BNZ and HFB at 0-1.2 MAC. RESULTS In intact rats, depression of responses of dorsal horn neurons to noxious stimulation by peri-MAC increases in BZN, o-difluorobenzene, and HFB correlated directly with their in vitro capacity to block NMDA receptors. In decerebrate rats, 1.2 MAC BNZ depressed nociceptive responses by 60%, with a further percentage decrease continuing from 0.8 to 1.2 MAC approximately equal to that found in intact rats. In decerebrate rats, HFB caused a progressive dose-related decrease in MAC (maximum 25%), but in intact rats, an increase from 0.8 to 1.2 neuronal response caused an (insignificant) increase in neuronal response. CONCLUSIONS The findings in intact rats suggest that NMDA blockade contributes to the depression of dorsal horn neurons to nociceptive stimulation by fluorinated aromatic anesthetics. These results, combined with the additional findings in decerebrate rats, suggest that supraspinal effects (perhaps on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors) may have a supraspinal facilitatory effect on nociception for HFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Lu J, Nelson LE, Franks N, Maze M, Chamberlin NL, Saper CB. Role of endogenous sleep-wake and analgesic systems in anesthesia. J Comp Neurol 2008; 508:648-62. [PMID: 18383504 PMCID: PMC4924624 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Classical anesthetics of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA(A))-enhancing class (e.g., pentobarbital, chloral hydrate, muscimol, and ethanol) produce analgesia and unconsciousness (sedation). Dissociative anesthetics that antagonize the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (e.g., ketamine, MK-801, dextromethorphan, and phencyclidine) produce analgesia but do not induce complete loss of consciousness. To understand the mechanisms underlying loss of consciousness and analgesia induced by general anesthetics, we examined the patterns of expression of c-Fos protein in the brain and correlated these with physiological effects of systemically administering GABAergic agents and ketamine at dosages used clinically for anesthesia in rats. We found that GABAergic agents produced predominantly delta activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) and sedation. In contrast, anesthetic doses of ketamine induced sedation, followed by active arousal behaviors, and produced a faster EEG in the theta range. Consistent with its behavioral effects, ketamine induced Fos expression in cholinergic, monoaminergic, and orexinergic arousal systems and completely suppressed Fos immunoreactivity in the sleep-promoting ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). In contrast, GABAergic agents suppressed Fos in the same arousal-promoting systems but increased the number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons in the VLPO compared with waking control animals. All anesthetics tested induced Fos in the spinally projecting noradrenergic A5-7 groups. 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the A5-7 groups or ibotenic acid lesions of the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG) attenuated antinociceptive responses to noxious thermal stimulation (tail-flick test) by both types of anesthetics. We hypothesize that neural substrates of sleep-wake behavior are engaged by low-dose sedative anesthetics and that the mesopontine descending noradrenergic cell groups contribute to the analgesic effects of both NMDA receptor antagonists and GABA(A) receptor-enhancing anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Duarte R, McNeill A, Drummond G, Tiplady B. Comparison of the sedative, cognitive, and analgesic effects of nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, and ethanol. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100:203-10. [PMID: 18211994 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aem369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaesthetics which work by different mechanisms may have different patterns of effect. Measurement of these patterns thus may elucidate their mechanisms of action and allow therapeutic choices between the agents. METHODS We compared the effects of ethanol (approximately 80 mg per 100 ml), and different end-tidal concentrations of nitrous oxide (15% and 25%) and sevoflurane (0.3% and 0.5%) in volunteers. We measured speed and accuracy in psychomotor tests, reaction time and memory, touch and pain sensitivity to von Frey filaments, and subjective mood for a range of descriptors. RESULTS All treatments caused the same degree of overall abnormal feelings, but sevoflurane caused more obtunding (subjective drowsiness, slow reaction times, and loss of memory function) and nitrous oxide was more analgesic. Ethanol caused a marked feeling of drunkenness, but little drowsiness or analgesia. CONCLUSIONS In the same volunteer subjects, direct comparison of sub-anaesthetic doses of these agents showed a clear and characteristic pattern of effects. These support the possible mechanisms for these disparate agents and may help choose appropriate agents for specific desired anaesthetic outcomes such as sedation or analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Duarte
- Department of Neuroscience, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
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Wheeler L, Lai R, Woldemussie E, Hare WA. Neuroprotection: new pharmacological targets. Eye (Lond) 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6702889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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