1
|
Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Liang X, Qian Q, Xiong J, Liu C, Xu J, Wang N, Xu Y, Zhou P, Lu S, Zhou Q, Yuan Y, Fan X, Liu J, Chen S. Coagulation Factor VII Fine-tunes Hepatic Steatosis by Blocking AKT-CD36-Mediated Fatty Acid Uptake. Diabetes 2024; 73:682-700. [PMID: 38394642 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease owing to its close association with coagulant disturbances. However, the precise biological functions and mechanisms that connect coagulation factors to NAFLD pathology remain inadequately understood. Herein, with unbiased bioinformatics analyses followed by functional testing, we demonstrate that hepatic expression of coagulation factor VII (FVII) decreases in patients and mice with NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). By using adenovirus-mediated F7-knockdown and hepatocyte-specific F7-knockout mouse models, our mechanistic investigations unveil a noncoagulant function of hepatic FVII in mitigating lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. This protective effect is achieved through the suppression of fatty acid uptake, orchestrated via the AKT-CD36 pathway. Interestingly, intracellular FVII directly interacts with AKT and PP2A, thereby promoting their association and triggering the dephosphorylation of AKT. Therapeutic intervention through adenovirus-mediated liver-specific overexpression of F7 results in noteworthy improvements in liver steatosis, inflammation, injury, and fibrosis in severely afflicted NAFLD mice. In conclusion, our findings highlight coagulation factor FVII as a critical regulator of hepatic steatosis and a potential target for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanxin Jiang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qiqi Qian
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuchu Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junting Xu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peihui Zhou
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanmei Yuan
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferraresso F, Strilchuk AW, Juang LJ, Poole LG, Luyendyk JP, Kastrup CJ. Comparison of DLin-MC3-DMA and ALC-0315 for siRNA Delivery to Hepatocytes and Hepatic Stellate Cells. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2175-2182. [PMID: 35642083 PMCID: PMC9621687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ionizable cationic lipids are essential for efficient in vivo delivery of RNA by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3), ALC-0315, and SM-102 are the only ionizable cationic lipids currently clinically approved for RNA therapies. ALC-0315 and SM-102 are structurally similar lipids used in SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines, while MC3 is used in siRNA therapy to knock down transthyretin in hepatocytes. Hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are particularly attractive targets for RNA therapy because they synthesize many plasma proteins, including those that influence blood coagulation. While LNPs preferentially accumulate in the liver, evaluating the ability of different ionizable cationic lipids to deliver RNA cargo into distinct cell populations is important for designing RNA-LNP therapies with minimal hepatotoxicity. Here, we directly compared LNPs containing either ALC-0315 or MC3 to knock-down coagulation factor VII (FVII) in hepatocytes and ADAMTS13 in HSCs. At a dose of 1 mg/kg siRNA in mice, LNPs with ALC-0315 achieved a 2- and 10-fold greater knockdown of FVII and ADAMTS13, respectively, compared to LNPs with MC3. At a high dose (5 mg/kg), ALC-0315 LNPs increased markers of liver toxicity (ALT and bile acids), while the same dose of MC3 LNPs did not. These results demonstrate that ALC-0315 LNPs achieves potent siRNA-mediated knockdown of target proteins in hepatocytes and HSCs, in mice, though markers of liver toxicity can be observed after a high dose. This study provides an initial comparison that may inform the development of ionizable cationic LNP therapeutics with maximal efficacy and limited toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferraresso
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amy W Strilchuk
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lih Jiin Juang
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lauren G. Poole
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, United States
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada,Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States,Departments of Surgery, Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States,Corresponding author: Dr. Christian J Kastrup, Versiti Blood Research Institute and Medical College of Wisconsin, 8727 W Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI, USA; ., Phone: 1-414-937-6805, Fax: N/A
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ling L, Huang X, Liu C, Liao J, Zhou J. Monitoring coagulation-fibrinolysis activation prompted timely diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-related disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb J 2021; 19:82. [PMID: 34736467 PMCID: PMC8569956 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-021-00338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Timely diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) patients is crucial but challenging, as HLH interferes with the results of the laboratory tests included in the DIC score system. Case presentation Here, we reported a case of lymphoma-associated HLH, in which coagulation-fibrinolysis activation /inhibition markers (TAT, tPAIC, and PIC), prompted timely diagnosis of early stage DIC (initial phase of microvascular thrombosis, yet non-overt), prior to the development of organ failures and/or bleedings. Conclusions This report highlights the importance of the implementation of new biomarkers (such as TAT, tPAIC, and PIC), into the diagnostic work-up for coagulation disorders. These biomarkers are directly suggestive of microthrombus formation, therefore they can be of paramount importance in diagnosing DIC with complicated etiologies, such as hematological diseases-related DIC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12959-021-00338-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Ling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Xunbei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaonan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Sichuan, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lertthammakiat S, Anantasit N, Anurathapan U, Sirachainan N, Kadegasem P, Chuansumrit A. Low plasma FVII:C and activated FVII as predictive markers for overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1471-1477. [PMID: 28492702 DOI: 10.1160/th16-11-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In sepsis, binding of factor VII (FVII:C) and activated factor VII (FVIIa) with tissue factor is the key step of coagulation resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We conducted a prospective cohort study among 47 septic patients, aged 8 months to 18.8 years. They were initially divided into three groups of no DIC (n=27), non-overt DIC (n=14) and overt DIC (n=6). Blood samples were collected at 0, 24 and 48 hours (h) after the onset of sepsis. At the onset of sepsis, FVII:C tended to be lower in the non-overt DIC [median 57 % (interquartile range [IQR] 41-80)] and overt DIC groups [33 % (23-52)] than that in the no DIC group [65 % (44-87)]. Whereas FVIIa tended to be lower in the overt DIC group [1.29 % (0.50-4.19)] than those in the non-overt DIC [3.01 % (1.01-5.24)] and no DIC groups [2.49 % (1.14-3.13)]. At 24 h, FVII:C was significantly lower in the non-overt DIC [57 % (41-101)] and overt DIC groups [31 % (28-49)] than that in the no DIC group [83 % (70-102)]. While FVIIa was significantly lower in the overt DIC group [2.15 % (0.86-3.96)] than that in the no DIC group [3.83 % (2.90-5.46)]. Using FVII:C <65 % or FVIIa <3 % at 24 h among patients without hepatic dysfunction to determine overt DIC at 24 h, the sensitivity was 83.9 % and 77.4 %, respectively, and the specificity was both 83.3 %. Patients with low FVII:C and low FVIIa at 24 h after the onset of sepsis had a 20.8-fold (95 % confidence interval [CI], 2.0-213.0, p=0.010) and 14.4-fold (95 %CI, 1.5-142.4, p=0.023) chance of overt DIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ampaiwan Chuansumrit
- Prof. Ampaiwan Chuansumrit, MD, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, 270 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Tel.: +66 2 201 1749, Fax: +66 2 201 1748, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Giráldez Gallego A, Sousa JM, Pascasio JM, Prats C, Cayuela A, Garrido A. [Blood coagulation factor levels in candidates for liver transplantation: correlation with disease severity]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2009; 32:465-71. [PMID: 19595482 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate blood coagulation factor levels with disease severity in cirrhotic patients evaluated as candidates for liver transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHOD We included 87 patients (75.9% men) with a mean age of 54+/-9.4 years. Etiology and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) class were as follows: alcohol-related (36.8%), hepatitis C virus infection (35.6%), hepatitis B virus infection (11.5%) and other (16.1%); class A (13.8%), class B (40.2%) and class C (46%), respectively. The mean value of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score was 14.5+/-5.9. Levels of factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX and X were compared between each CTP grade and with the MELD score. RESULTS Except for factor VIII, all the clotting factors were reduced in our series (in particular factors II, V and VII) and deficiencies in these factors were closely related to CTP grade with statistical significance for stage C (p <0.05). We also found a marked inverse correlation between the MELD score and factors II, V, VII, IX and X values (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS A correlation was found between reduced levels of factors II, V, VII, IX and X in liver cirrhosis and the severity of liver disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Owen PS, Golightly LK, MacLaren R, Ferretti KA, Badesch DB. Formulary management of recombinant factor VIIa at an academic medical center. Ann Pharmacother 2008; 42:771-6. [PMID: 18477731 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1l047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recombinant human coagulation factor VIIa (rVIIa) is a procoagulant indicated for treatment of bleeding in patients with hemophilia. A large proportion of rVIIa utilization is for off-label administration in nonhemophiliac patients with acute hemorrhage. Concerns of potentially inappropriate use, safety, and cost of rVIIa led to efforts to standardize use of this agent. OBJECTIVE To comparatively describe the utilization of rVIIa upon implementation of an evidence-based guideline at a university hospital. METHODS With advisory direction from a multidisciplinary task force, an evidence-based guideline for use of rVIIa was developed, approved, and fully implemented. Assessment of appropriateness of use and retrospective review were required for all cases. Effects of these actions were evaluated by auditing and comparing rVIIa use in patients treated in two 6-month observation periods before and after guideline implementation. Outcomes assessed were proportions of patients deemed appropriate to receive rVIIa, compliance with dosing recommendations, and acquisition costs. RESULTS Twenty-two and 29 patients were treated in the periods before and after guideline implementation, respectively. Patient characteristics were similar, except more cardiothoracic surgeries were performed in patients treated before implementation of the guideline. Indications for rVIIa use were judged appropriate in 21 (95.5%) before-cases and in all (100%) after-cases. The dose was compliant in 1 (4.6%) before-case and 27 (93.1%) after-cases (p < 0.001). Mean dosages of rVIIa administered were 81.8 microg/kg and 45.3 microg/kg in before- and after-cases, respectively (p < 0.001). During the respective periods of observation, amounts of rVIIa purchased monthly averaged 42.6 mg and 21.8 mg, a 49% difference. Semiannual expenditures for rVIIa decreased approximately $110,000 following guideline implementation. Patient outcomes were similar. CONCLUSIONS A guideline based on currently available evidence can serve to sustain the clinical appropriateness of rVIIa therapy and substantially decrease costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S Owen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice; Clinical Assistant Professor, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is the site for synthesis of the vast majority of proteins that play a central role in maintaining hemostasis, by participating in the regulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. AIM To summarize the available data on the impact of coagulation disorders in patients with chronic liver disease. RESULTS Hepatocellular damage in patients with severe liver disease can lead to abnormalities in the production and function of coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, disrupting the balance between coagulation and anticoagulation systems. CONCLUSIONS Hemostatic abnormalities (eg. impaired synthesis of clotting factors, heightened fibrinolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, and platelet dysfunction) can increase the risk of bleeding in cirrhotic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Peck-Radosavljevic
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medizinische Universität & AKH Wien, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
MacLaren R, Weber LA, Brake H, Gardner MA, Tanzi M. A multicenter assessment of recombinant factor VIIa off-label usage: clinical experiences and associated outcomes. Transfusion 2005; 45:1434-42. [PMID: 16131375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Off-label use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) occurs despite minimal data. The purpose of this study was to describe prescribing practices and clinical outcomes for off-label rFVIIa use. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A retrospective, multicenter chart audit of 315 nonhemophiliac patients was performed. RESULTS Off-label indications included prevention of bleeding primarily related to procedural manipulation in 37.8 percent of patients and treatment of bleeding in 62.2 percent of patients. Baseline coagulopathy was present in 79.7 percent of patients. Prescriber specialty varied. The median doses for prevention and treatment were 75.6 and 89.4 microg per kg, respectively (p = 0.0006). The international normalized ratio (INR) decreased (p < 0.0001) from baseline in both groups. Transfusions of blood products were provided to 85.1 percent of patients before rFVIIa administration with considerable practice variation. Few patients received other procoagulant agents. In the prevention group, 14.3 percent of patients bled within 6 hours of their procedure. No variable was independently associated with bleeding prevention. In the treatment group, 52.6 percent of patients stopped bleeding within 6 hours of rFVIIa administration. The only independent variable associated with bleeding cessation was an arterial pH value of less than 7.20, which was a negative predictor (odds ratio, 0.207; 95% confidence interval, 0.084-0.507). Possible rFVIIa-associated adverse events occurred in 9.8 percent of patients and primarily involved undesirable clotting. No variable was independently associated with adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Off-label use of rFVIIa includes prevention and treatment of bleeding. rFVIIa is associated with INR reduction. Bleeding is rare with prophylactic rFVIIa but the cessation of bleeding is less than reported in the literature and may be related to pH. Possible adverse events are related to undesirable clotting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert MacLaren
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, School of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
End stage liver disease results in a complex and variably severe failure of hemostasis that predisposes to abnormal bleeding. The diverse spectrum of hemostatic defects includes impaired synthesis of clotting factors, excessive fibrinolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, and platelet dysfunction. Hemostasis screening tests are used to assess disease severity and monitor the response to therapy. Correction of hemostatic defects is required in patients who are actively bleeding or require invasive procedures. Fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and platelet transfusion remain the mainstays of therapy until larger trials confirm the safety and efficacy of recombinant factor VIIa in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jody L Kujovich
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mail Code: L-586, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murata M, Sano Y, Bannai S, Ishihara K, Matsushima R, Uchida M. Fish protein stimulated the fibrinolysis in rats. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2004; 48:348-56. [PMID: 15542926 DOI: 10.1159/000081971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 07/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that fish protein affects blood coagulation and/or fibrinolysis, and compared the activity and amounts of factors involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in rats fed the fish protein, which was treated to remove water-soluble and ethanol-soluble elements, from sardine (sardine protein). METHODS In the first experiment, rats were fed for 21 days an AIN-93G-based control diet, and diets in which the casein of the control diet was exchanged for sardine protein at 5, 10 and 20% levels. In the second experiment, rats were fed an AIN-93G control diet and diets containing 5% fish oil, 10% sardine protein or both (5% fish oil + 10% sardine protein) for 21 days. At the end of the experiments, blood coagulation time, hemostatic parameters and fibrinolysis parameters were measured. RESULTS The activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), which is an assay for blood coagulation time in the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway, of rats fed the 20% sardine protein diet was significantly prolonged compared to that of rats fed the control diet. The prolonged APTT by dietary sardine protein was due to a significant decrease of the activities of plasma blood coagulation factors VIII, IX, XI and XII. On the other hand, dietary sardine protein significantly increased the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator, and the amount of plasma plasmin-alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor complex, which are markers of activated plasmin. Moreover, we observed that the 20% sardine protein diet increased the amount of plasma D-dimer, which is a degraded product of the fibrin polymer by plasmin. In the second experiment, the APTT and PT of rats fed the F diet were prolonged compared to those of rats fed the control diet, however the concentration and amount of fibrinolytic parameters in the plasma were almost the same as those of rats fed the control diet. In contrast, the F+S diet not only prolonged APTT and PT, but also increased the concentration and amount of fibrinolytic parameters in plasma. CONCLUSIONS We consider that the beneficial effects to health and amelioration of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by fish consumption are caused by a combination of the suppressing effect on blood coagulation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the promoting effect on fibrinolysis of fish protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Murata
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry, Biochemistry and Food Technology Division, Organization of National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
de Lucas S, López-Alcorocho JM, Bartolomé J, Carreño V. Nitric oxide and TGF-beta1 inhibit HNF-4alpha function in HEPG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 321:688-94. [PMID: 15358161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes if the profibrogenic factors nitric oxide and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) affect hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) function. For this purpose, HepG2 cells were treated with TGF-beta1 or with a nitric oxide donor to determine mRNA levels of coagulation factor VII and HNF-4alpha. Treatment effect on factor VII gene promoter was assessed by chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase assays in cells transfected with the pFVII-CAT plasmid. HNF-4alpha binding and protein levels were determined by gel shift assays and Western blot. TGF-beta1 and nitric oxide downregulated factor VII mRNA levels by inhibiting its gene promoter activity. This inhibition is caused by a decrease in the DNA binding of HNF-4alpha. TGF-beta1 induces degradation of HNF-4alpha in the proteasome while nitric oxide provokes nitrosylation of cysteine residues in this factor. TGF-beta1 and nitric oxide inhibit HNF-4alpha activity. These findings may explain the loss of liver functions that occurs during fibrosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana de Lucas
- Fundación para el Estudio de las Hepatitis Virales, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Berasain C, Herrero JI, García-Trevijano ER, Avila MA, Esteban JI, Mato JM, Prieto J. Expression of Wilms' tumor suppressor in the liver with cirrhosis: relation to hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and hepatocellular function. Hepatology 2003; 38:148-57. [PMID: 12829997 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2003.50269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor suppressor WT1 is a transcriptional regulator present in the fetal but not in the mature liver. Its expression and functional role in liver diseases remains unexplored. In this study, we analyzed WT1 expression by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by immunohistochemistry in normal and diseased livers. In addition, we performed in vitro studies in isolated rat hepatocytes to investigate WT1 regulation and function. We detected WT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in 18% of normal livers, 17% of chronic hepatitis with minimal fibrosis, 49% of chronic hepatitis with bridging fibrosis, and 71% of cirrhotic livers. In cirrhosis, WT1 immunoreactivity was localized to the nucleus of hepatocytes. WT1 mRNA abundance correlated inversely with prothrombin time (P =.04) and directly with serum bilirubin (P =.002) and with the MELD score (P =.001) of disease severity. In rats, WT1 expression was present in fetal hepatocytes and in the cirrhotic liver but not in normal hepatic tissue. In vitro studies showed that isolated primary hepatocytes express WT1 when stimulated with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) or when the cells undergo dedifferentiation in culture. Moreover, we found that WT1 down-regulates hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4), a factor that is essential to maintain liver function and metabolic regulation in the mature organ. Hepatic expression of HNF-4 was impaired in advanced human cirrhosis and negatively correlated with WT1 mRNA levels (P =.001). In conclusion, we show that WT1 is induced by TGF-beta and down-regulates HNF-4 in liver cells. WT1 is reexpressed in the cirrhotic liver in relation to disease progression and may play a role in the development of hepatic insufficiency in cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Berasain
- Division of Hepatology and Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, Clínica Universitaria, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|