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Ruthenium(III) and (II) complexes containing pyridine moiety: Synthesis, crystal structure and in vitro biological evaluation. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Dubey SK, Khatkar S, Trivedi M, Gulati S, Batra SK, Rath N, Kumar S, Lakia R, Raghav N, Kaur S. Syntheses, Structural and Serum Protein Protecting Activity of Ruthenium(II)-DMSO Complexes Containing Mercapto Ligand. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01363k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four new ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(mpt)2(DMSO)2] (1), [Ru(mpt)2(bpy)] (2), [Ru(mpt)2(phen)] (3) and [Ru(mpt)2(tptz)] (4) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and electronic absorption spectroscopy....
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Das D, Dutta S, Dowerah D, Deka RC. Unveiling the Role of Hydrogen Bonding and g-Tensor in the Interaction of Ru-Bis-DMSO with Amino Acid Residue and Human Serum Albumin. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6459-6474. [PMID: 32628490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been carried out to observe the role of hydrogen bonding in hydrolysis and the coordination mechanism of three amino acid residues (histidine, cysteine, and alanine) with Ru-bis-DMSO complex via which the complex tends to interact with the HSA protein receptor. The interaction mechanism shows that ruthenium complexes prefer to bind protein receptor through cysteine and histidine residues rather than through alanine, which has been confirmed by DFT evaluated H-bonding and g-tensor analysis. The number of H-bonds plays a major role in stabilizing the intermediates and transition states involved in the Ru-bis-DMSO and amino acid residue interactions. Our theoretical g-tensor values are in good agreement with the available experimental results. Further QM/MM calculation on the Ru-bis-DMSO-HSA adducts reveals that the adduct is more stable when Ru gets coordinated with histidine imidazole rather than cysteine. These investigations helped us in understanding the type of amino acid residue responsible for binding the metal complex Ru-bis-DMSO with the carrier protein HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharitri Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Snigdha Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Dikshita Dowerah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra Deka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, 784028, Assam, India
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Roy S, Das R, Ghosh B, Chakraborty T. Deciphering the biochemical and molecular mechanism underlying the in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of ruthenium quercetin complex in colon cancer. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:700-721. [PMID: 29442390 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the most investigated phytochemicals due to their pharmacological and therapeutic activities. Their ability to chelate with metal ions has resulted in the emergence of a new category of molecules with a broader spectrum of pharmacological activities. In this study, the ruthenium quercetin complex has been synthesized and anticancer activity has been evaluated on a well-defined model of DMH followed by DSS induced rat colon cancer and on human colon cancer cell line HT-29. The characterizations accomplished through UV-visible, NMR, IR, Mass spectra and XRD techniques, and antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods. In vitro study confirmed that the complex increased p53 expression, reduced VEGF and mTOR expression, apoptosis induction, and DNA fragmentation in the HT-29 cells. Acute and subacute toxicity study was also assessed and results from in vivo study revealed that complex was efficient to suppress ACF multiplicity and hyperplastic lesions and elevated the CAT, SOD, and glutathione levels. Furthermore, the complex was found to decrease cell proliferation and increased apoptotic events in tumor cells correlates upregulation of p53 and Bax and downregulation of Bcl2 expression. Our findings from the in vitro and in vivo study support the continued investigation of ruthenium quercetin complex possesses a potential chemotherapeutic activity against colon cancer and was efficient in reducing ACF multiplicity, hyperplastic lesions in the colon tissues of rats by inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus-Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rituparna Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus-Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Tania Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus-Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Riccardi C, Musumeci D, Irace C, Paduano L, Montesarchio D. RuIIIComplexes for Anticancer Therapy: The Importance of Being Nucleolipidic. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Domenica Musumeci
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Carlo Irace
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Napoli Federico II; Via D. Montesano 49 80131 Napoli Italy
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences; University of Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 21 80126 Napoli Italy
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Jayanthi E, Kalaiselvi S, Padma VV, Bhuvanesh NSP, Dharmaraj N. Solvent assisted formation of ruthenium(III) and ruthenium(II) hydrazone complexes in one-pot with potential in vitro cytotoxicity and enhanced LDH, NO and ROS release. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:1693-707. [PMID: 26699435 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A set each of new bivalent and trivalent ruthenium complexes, [Ru(III)(HL)Cl2(EPh3)2] and [Ru(II)(L)(CO)(EPh3)2] (E = P (complexes and ) or As (complexes and )) were synthesised from the reactions of [Ru(III)Cl3(EPh3)3] with 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde benzoic acid hydrazone (H2L) in methanol-chloroform and characterized by elemental analysis, spectral data and XRD study. A suitable mechanism to account for the formation of bivalent ruthenium carbonyl complexes from the corresponding trivalent precursors is provided by considering the role of added base in the reaction. Interaction of complexes with CT-DNA/bovine serum albumin was analysed with absorption and emission spectral titration studies. In vitro cytotoxic potential of the above ruthenium hydrazone complexes assayed against the A549 cell line revealed a significant growth inhibition. The test complexes added in IC50 concentration into the cell culture medium enhanced the release of lactate dehydrogenase, NO and reactive oxygen species in comparison with the control. Cell death induced by the complexes was studied using a propidium iodide staining assay and showed noticeable changes in the cell morphology which resembled apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswaran Jayanthi
- Inorganic & Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, India.
| | | | | | | | - Nallasamy Dharmaraj
- Inorganic & Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore - 641 046, India.
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Mu C, Chang SW, Prosser KE, Leung AWY, Santacruz S, Jang T, Thompson JR, Yapp DTT, Warren JJ, Bally MB, Beischlag TV, Walsby CJ. Induction of Cytotoxicity in Pyridine Analogues of the Anti-metastatic Ru(III) Complex NAMI-A by Ferrocene Functionalization. Inorg Chem 2015; 55:177-90. [PMID: 26652771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel ferrocene (Fc) functionalized Ru(III) complexes was synthesized and characterized. These compounds are derivatives of the anti-metastatic Ru(III) complex imidazolium [trans-RuCl4(1H-imidazole) (DMSO-S)] (NAMI-A) and are derived from its pyridine analogue (NAMI-Pyr), with direct coupling of Fc to pyridine at the 4 or 3 positions, or at the 4 position via a two-carbon linker, which is either unsaturated (vinyl) or saturated (ethyl). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-vis spectroscopic studies of the ligand exchange processes of the compounds in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) report similar solution behavior to NAMI-Pyr. However, the complex with Fc substitution at the 3 position of the coordinated pyridine shows greater solution stability, through resistance to the formation of oligomeric species. Further EPR studies of the complexes with human serum albumin (hsA) indicate that the Fc groups enhance noncoordinate interactions with the protein and help to inhibit the formation of protein-coordinated species, suggesting the potential for enhanced bioavailability. Cyclic voltammetry measurements demonstrate that the Fc groups modestly reduce the reduction potential of the Ru(III) center as compared to NAMI-Pyr, while the reduction potentials of the Fc moieties of the four compounds vary by 217 mV, with the longer linkers giving significantly lower values of E1/2. EPR spectra of the compounds with 2-carbon linkers show the formation of a high-spin Fe(III) species (S = 5/2) in PBS with a distinctive signal at g = 4.3, demonstrating oxidation of the Fe(II) ferrocene center and likely reflecting degradation products. Density functional theory calculations and paramagnetic (1)H NMR describe delocalization of spin density onto the ligands and indicate that the vinyl linker could be a potential pathway for electron transfer between the Ru and Fe centers. In the case of the ethyl linker, electron transfer is suggested to occur via an indirect mechanism enabled by the greater flexibility of the ligand. In vitro assays with the SW480 cell line reveal cytotoxicity induced by the ruthenium ferrocenylpyridine complexes that is at least an order of magnitude higher than the unfunctionalized complex, NAMI-Pyr. Furthermore, migration studies with LNCaP cells reveal that Fc functionalization does not reduce the ability of the compounds to inhibit cell motility. Overall, these studies demonstrate that NAMI-A-type compounds can be functionalized with redox-active ligands to produce both cytotoxic and anti-metastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ada W Y Leung
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Donald T T Yapp
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | | | - Marcel B Bally
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency , 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
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Webb MI, Walsby CJ. Albumin binding and ligand-exchange processes of the Ru(III) anticancer agent NAMI-A and its bis-DMSO analogue determined by ENDOR spectroscopy. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:17482-93. [PMID: 26174110 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ruthenium anticancer compound NAMI-A, imidazolium [trans-RuCl4(1H-imidazole)(DMSO-S)], is currently undergoing advanced clinical evaluation. As with other Ru(iii) chemotherapeutic candidates, interactions with human serum albumin (HSA) have been identified as a key component of the speciation of NAMI-A following intravenous administration. To characterize coordination to HSA, we have performed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopic analysis of deuterium-labelled isotopologues of both NAMI-A and its bis-DMSO analogue, [(DMSO)2H][trans-RuCl4(DMSO-S)2] (Ru-bis-DMSO). Samples were prepared using phosphate buffered saline, in the presence of HSA, and with the individual amino acids histidine, cysteine, and alanine. Analysis of (1)H ENDOR spectra shows characteristic hyperfine interactions from DMSO, water, and imidazole ligands. Furthermore, coordination of imidazole ligands was confirmed from diagnostic (14)N ENDOR signals. Combined with the EPR data from the complexes following incubation in the presence of histidine, the ENDOR data demonstrate that both complexes bind to HSA via histidine imidazoles. Furthermore, the protein-bound species are shown to have water ligands and, in the case of Ru-bis-DMSO, one species has a remaining coordinated DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Webb
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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Cardoso CR, Lima MVS, Cheleski J, Peterson EJ, Venâncio T, Farrell NP, Carlos RM. Luminescent ruthenium complexes for theranostic applications. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4906-15. [PMID: 24831959 DOI: 10.1021/jm5005946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The water-soluble and visible luminescent complexes cis-[Ru(L-L)2(L)2](2+) where L-L = 2,2-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline and L= imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, and histamine have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic (circular dichroism, saturation transfer difference NMR, and diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR) and isothermal titration calorimetry studies indicate binding of cis-[Ru(phen)2(ImH)2](2+) and human serum albumin occurs via noncovalent interactions with K(b) = 9.8 × 10(4) mol(-1) L, ΔH = -11.5 ± 0.1 kcal mol(-1), and TΔS = -4.46 ± 0.3 kcal mol(-1). High uptake of the complex into HCT116 cells was detected by luminescent confocal microscopy. Cytotoxicity of cis-[Ru(phen)2(ImH)2](2+) against proliferation of HCT116p53(+/+) and HCT116p53(-/-) shows IC50 values of 0.1 and 0.7 μmol L(-1). Flow cytometry and western blot indicate RuphenImH mediates cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase in both cells and is more prominent in p53(+/+). The complex activates proapoptotic PARP in p53(-/-), but not in p53(+/+). A cytostatic mechanism based on quantification of the number of cells during the time period of incubation is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Cardoso
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , São Carlos, São Paulo CP 676, 13565-905, Brazil
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Mangiapia G, D’Errico G, Simeone L, Irace C, Radulescu A, Di Pascale A, Colonna A, Montesarchio D, Paduano L. Ruthenium-based complex nanocarriers for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3770-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Aitken JB, Antony S, Weekley CM, Lai B, Spiccia L, Harris HH. Distinct cellular fates for KP1019 and NAMI-A determined by X-ray fluorescence imaging of single cells. Metallomics 2012; 4:1051-6, 1007. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20072d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Webb MI, Chard RA, Al-Jobory YM, Jones MR, Wong EWY, Walsby CJ. Pyridine analogues of the antimetastatic Ru(III) complex NAMI-A targeting non-covalent interactions with albumin. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:954-66. [PMID: 22224431 DOI: 10.1021/ic202029e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyridine-based derivatives of the antimetastatic Ru(III) complex imidazolium [trans-RuCl(4)(1H-imidazole)(DMSO-S)] (NAMI-A) have been synthesized along with their sodium-ion compensated analogues. These compounds have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), NMR, and electrochemistry, with the goal of probing their noncovalent interactions with human serum albumin (hsA). EPR studies show that the choice of imidazolium ligands and compensating ions does not strongly influence the rates of ligand exchange processes in aqueous buffer solutions. By contrast, the rate of formation and persistence of interactions of the complexes with hsA is found to be strongly dependent on the properties of the axial ligands. The stability of noncovalent binding is shown to correlate with the anticipated ability of the various pyridine ligands to interact with the hydrophobic binding domains of hsA. These interactions prevent the oligomerization of the complexes in solution and limit the rate of covalent binding to albumin amino acid side chains. Electrochemical studies demonstrate relatively high reduction potentials for these complexes, leading to the formation of Ru(II) species in aqueous solutions containing biological reducing agents, such as ascorbate. However, EPR measurements indicate that while noncovalent interactions with hsA do not prevent reduction, covalent binding produces persistent mononuclear Ru(III) species under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Webb
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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Webb MI, Walsby CJ. Control of ligand-exchange processes and the oxidation state of the antimetastatic Ru(iii) complex NAMI-A by interactions with human serum albumin. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:1322-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt01168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Electronic structural investigations of ruthenium compounds and anticancer prodrugs. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:891-8. [PMID: 19350289 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several Ru(III) compounds are propitious anticancer agents although the precise mechanisms of action remain unknown. With this paper we start to establish an experimental library of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data for ten Ru compounds wherein the ligands [Cl(-), dimethyl sulfoxide, imidazole, and indazole] were varied systematically to provide electronic structural information for future use in correlating spectroscopic signatures with chemical properties. Despite the considerable difference in the coordination environments of the complexes studied, the overall differences in spectral features and electronic structures calculated using density functional theory are unexpectedly small. However, the differences in the electronic structure of the Ru(III) prodrugs KP1019 ([IndH][trans-RuCl(4)(Ind)(2)], Ind is indazole) and ICR ([ImH][trans-RuCl(4)(Im)(2)], Im is imidazole) observed in the XAS data show correlation with known chemical and biological activities in addition to the donor abilities of imidazole compared with indazole and reduction potentials of the complexes. These semiquantitative results lay the groundwork for future biochemical studies into the structure-function relationships of Ru-based anticancer drugs.
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Reisner E, Arion VB, Guedes da Silva MFC, Lichtenecker R, Eichinger A, Keppler BK, Kukushkin VY, Pombeiro AJL. Tuning of Redox Potentials for the Design of Ruthenium Anticancer Drugs − an Electrochemical Study of [trans-RuCl4L(DMSO)]- and [trans-RuCl4L2]- Complexes, where L = Imidazole, 1,2,4-Triazole, Indazole. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:7083-93. [PMID: 15500346 DOI: 10.1021/ic049479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of [trans-RuCl(4)L(DMSO)](-) (A) and [trans-RuCl(4)L(2)](-) (B) [L = imidazole (Him), 1,2,4-triazole (Htrz), and indazole (Hind)] complexes has been studied in DMF, DMSO, and aqueous media by cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis. They exhibit one single-electron Ru(III)/Ru(II) reduction involving, at a sufficiently long time scale, metal dechlorination on solvolysis, as well as, in organic media, one single-electron reversible Ru(III)/Ru(IV) oxidation. The redox potential values are interpreted on the basis of the Lever's parametrization method, and particular forms of this linear expression (that relates the redox potential with the ligand E(L) parameter) are proposed, for the first time, for negatively (1-) charged complexes with the Ru(III/II) redox couple center in aqueous phosphate buffer (pH 7) medium and for complexes with the Ru(III/IV) couple in organic media. The E(L) parameter was estimated for indazole showing that this ligand behaves as a weaker net electron donor than imidazole or triazole. The kinetics of the reductively induced stepwise replacement of chloride by DMF were studied by digital simulation of the cyclic voltammograms, and the obtained rate constants were shown to increase with the net electron donor character (decrease of E(L)) of the neutral ligands (DMSO < indazole < triazole < imidazole) and with the basicity of the ligated azole, factors that destabilize the Ru(II) relative to the Ru(III) form of the complexes. The synthesis and characterization of some novel complexes of the A and B series are also reported, including the X-ray structural analyses of (Ph(3)PCH(2)Ph)[trans-RuCl(4)(Htrz)(DMSO)], [(Ph(3)P)(2)N][trans-RuCl(4)(Htrz)(DMSO)], (H(2)ind)[trans-RuCl(4)(Hind)(DMSO)], and [(Hind)(2)H][trans-RuCl(4)(Hind)(2)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Reisner
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Richardson DR, Lovejoy DB. Complexes of gallium(III) and other metal ions and their potential in the treatment of neoplasia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2000; 9:1257-70. [PMID: 11060741 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.9.6.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The metal complexes of a variety of ligands show diverse pharmacological properties. The potential of these compounds as antineoplastic agents is underlined by the success of the clinically used platinum complex cisplatin (cis-[(NH(3))(2)PtCl(2)]). In the current review, specific examples of gallium, copper, ruthenium and titanium complexes are discussed with special relevance to their use in the treatment of cancer. Some of these complexes have demonstrated marked activity in a number of animal models and for some compounds, clinical trials are anticipated or have already begun. Collectively, the results in the literature indicate that the study of metal complexes as antineoplastic agents deserves continued intensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Richardson
- The Heart Research Institute, 145 Missenden Rd, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2050.
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21
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Clarke MJ, Zhu F, Frasca DR. Non-platinum chemotherapeutic metallopharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2511-34. [PMID: 11749489 DOI: 10.1021/cr9804238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 778] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Clarke
- Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
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22
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Gonzalez Vilchez F, Vilaplana R, Blasco G, Messori L. Solution studies of the antitumor complex dichloro 1,2-propylendiaminetetraacetate ruthenium (III) and of its interactions with proteins. J Inorg Biochem 1998; 71:45-51. [PMID: 9755491 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(98)10031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A mixed complex of ruthenium (III) with 1,2-propylendiaminetetraacetate (PDTA) and chloride--RAP hereafter--has been found to exhibit favorable anticancer properties in vivo. To get some insight into the possible mechanism of action of this ruthenium (III) complex, its solution behavior and reactivity with proteins were investigated through absorption, circular dichroism and 1H NMR spectroscopies. Under physiological conditions RAP slowly looses the two coordinated chlorine atoms to produce a number of ruthenium (III) reactive species; a description of the distribution of these species on the dependence of pH has been obtained through 1H NMR studies of the hyperfine shifted signals. Remarkably, through the different solution conditions employed in this study, the ruthenium ion always remains in the 3+ oxidation state and the PDTA ligand is always bound to the metal. Upon reaction with albumin, apotransferrin or diferric transferrin, at a 1:1 ratio, RAP rapidly binds to these proteins to produce substantially equivalent and relatively stable adducts. This behavior is tentatively interpreted in terms of a tight interaction between RAP and surface residues of these proteins. The implications of these findings for the biological action of this novel ruthenium (III) compound are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gonzalez Vilchez
- GB, FGV, RV, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Sevilla, Spain
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Capozzi I, Clerici K, Cocchietto M, Salerno G, Bergamo A, Sava G. Modification of cell cycle and viability of TLX5 lymphoma in vitro by sulfoxide-ruthenium compounds and cisplatin detected by flow cytometry. Chem Biol Interact 1998; 113:51-64. [PMID: 9630847 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(98)00022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Na[trans-RuCl4(DMSO)Im] (NAMI), Na[trans-RuCl4(TMSO) Ind] (TIND) and Na[trans-RuCl4(TMSO)Iq] TEQU) were tested in vitro on TLX5 lymphoma cells in comparison to cisplatin by means of the sulforhodamine-B test SRB) for protein content determination, by acridine orange and propidium iodide staining and by means of the bromodeoxyuridine test, for cell cycle modifications. After 1 h drug exposure with metal-based drugs, TLX5 lymphoma cells require a further 72 h in vitro cultivation to show alteration of cell cycle. Ruthenium compounds show a different pattern of effects: TEQU causes the same dose-dependent cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation shown by cisplatin, TIND reduces absorbance with the SRB test and slightly increases S and G2M populations with a time-dependent drug exposure of tumour cells, and NAMI is virtually devoid of any detectable effect. By in vivo bioassay of in vitro treated tumour cells, TIND and TEQU are effective independently of the time of drug exposure of tumour cells, this effect being confirmed by the same cell uptake of ruthenium after 1 or 4 h treatment, determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. These data stress the lack of the involvement of direct cytotoxic effects in the potent anti-metastatic action of NAMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Capozzi
- Institutes of Biological Research, Trieste, Italy
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Sava G, Gagliardi R, Cocchietto M, Clerici K, Capozzi I, Marrella M, Alessio E, Mestroni G, Milanino R. Comparison of the effects of the antimetastatic compound ImH[trans-RuCl4(DMSO)Im] (NAMI-A) on the arthritic rat and on MCa mammary carcinoma in mice. Pathol Oncol Res 1998; 4:30-6. [PMID: 9555118 DOI: 10.1007/bf02904692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the new molecule ImH[trans-RuCl4(DMSO)Im] (NAMI-A), administered orally or intraperitoneally to adjuvant-arthritic rats or orally to mice bearing s.c. or i.m. implants of MCa mammary carcinoma, were studied. NAMI-A was not able to modify the progression of chronic inflammation in the complete Freund-adjuvant injected animals. Histology indicated a significant worsening of the inflammatory process, characterised by an increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as by a remarkable deposition of connective tissue fibres around the blood vessels and alveolar walls. NAMI-A had no effect on primary i.m. implanted MCa mammary carcinoma growth and its lung metastasis formation, but significantly interfered with the cell cycle of primary tumor cells following bolus oral administration. On the contrary, NAMI-A caused a significant inhibition of lung metastasis accompanied by a dramatic deposition of connective tissue fibres around the primary tumor mass, when given as medicated food to mice implanted s.c. with MCa tumor. These data indicated that NAMI-A is well absorbed after oral administration although there is no connection between lung concentration and the antimetastatic activity. Conversely, the marked deposition of connective tissues in NAMI-A treated animals is in agreement with the reported effects of the compound on extracellular matrix and tumor blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sava
- Callerio Foundation, Institutes of Biological Research, Trieste, Italy.
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