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Jia SJ, Jing JQ, Yang CJ. A Review on Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening by Artificial Intelligence Methods. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06429-9. [PMID: 38842671 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE With the increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), the importance of early screening and diagnosis has been subject to considerable discussion. Given the subtle differences between ASD children and typically developing children during the early stages of development, it is imperative to investigate the utilization of automatic recognition methods powered by artificial intelligence. We aim to summarize the research work on this topic and sort out the markers that can be used for identification. METHODS We searched the papers published in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library, and EBSCO databases from 1st January 2013 to 13th November 2023, and 43 articles were included. RESULTS These articles mainly divided recognition markers into five categories: gaze behaviors, facial expressions, motor movements, voice features, and task performance. Based on the above markers, the accuracy of artificial intelligence screening ranged from 62.13 to 100%, the sensitivity ranged from 69.67 to 100%, the specificity ranged from 54 to 100%. CONCLUSION Therefore, artificial intelligence recognition holds promise as a tool for identifying children with ASD. However, it still needs to continually enhance the screening model and improve accuracy through multimodal screening, thereby facilitating timely intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Jia
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Qi Jing
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yang
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
- China Research Institute of Care and Education of Infants and Young, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Alhasan A, Caruana N. Evidence for the adaptive parsing of non-communicative eye movements during joint attention interactions. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16363. [PMID: 38025743 PMCID: PMC10668824 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During social interactions, the ability to detect and respond to gaze-based joint attention bids often involves the evaluation of non-communicative eye movements. However, very little is known about how much humans are able to track and parse spatial information from these non-communicative eye movements over time, and the extent to which this influences joint attention outcomes. This was investigated in the current study using an interactive computer-based joint attention game. Using a fully within-subjects design, we specifically examined whether participants were quicker to respond to communicative joint attention bids that followed predictive, as opposed to random or no, non-communicative gaze behaviour. Our results suggest that in complex, dynamic tasks, people adaptively use and dismiss non-communicative gaze information depending on whether it informs the locus of an upcoming joint attention bid. We also went further to examine the extent to which this ability to track dynamic spatial information was specific to processing gaze information. This was achieved by comparing performance to a closely matched non-social task where eye gaze cues were replaced with dynamic arrow stimuli. Whilst we found that people are also able to track and use dynamic non-social information from arrows, there was clear evidence for a relative advantage for tracking gaze cues during social interactions. The implications of these findings for social neuroscience and autism research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayeh Alhasan
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan Caruana
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Perception in Action Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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3
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Doi H, Furui A, Ueda R, Shimatani K, Yamamoto M, Sakurai K, Mori C, Tsuji T. Spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous movement in neonates are significantly linked to risk of autism spectrum disorders at 18 months old. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13869. [PMID: 37620366 PMCID: PMC10449803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants make spontaneous movements from the prenatal period. Several studies indicate that an atypical pattern of body motion during infancy could be utilized as an early biomarker of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, to date, little is known about whether the body motion pattern in neonates is associated with ASD risk. The present study sought to clarify this point by examining, in a longitudinal design, the link between features of spontaneous movement at about two days after birth and ASD risk evaluated using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers by their caregivers at 18 months old. The body movement features were quantified by a recently developed markerless system of infant body motion analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that ASD risk at 18 months old is associated with the pattern of spontaneous movement at the neonatal stage. Further, logistic regression based on body movement features during sleep shows better performance in classifying high- and low-risk infants than during the awake state. These findings raise the possibility that early signs of ASD risk may emerge at a developmental stage far earlier than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Doi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- School of Science and Engineering, Kokushikan University, 4-28-1 Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-8515, Japan.
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Akira Furui
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Rena Ueda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Koji Shimatani
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1, Gakuen-machi, Mihara, Hiroshima, 734-8558, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsuji
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
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4
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Day TN, Northrup JB, Mazefsky CA. A PROMIS®ing New Measure for Quantifying Emotion Dysregulation in Toddlers and Preschoolers: Development of the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory-Young Child. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:2261-2273. [PMID: 35403207 PMCID: PMC9550886 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI) was designed and validated to quantify emotion dysregulation (ED) in school-age children, with a particular emphasis on capturing ED in youth with ASD. We saw a need to adapt the EDI for use in young children (ages 2-5) given early childhood is a formative time for emotion regulation development. The present study discusses the adaptation process for the EDI-Young Child (EDI-YC), including item refinement/generation and cognitive interviews (N = 10 with ASD), consistent with the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) methodology. The item bank was piloted in a sample of 2-year-olds with and without ASD (N = 31), which provided initial support for the EDI-YC as a valid and reliable measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor N Day
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 101 N. Dithridge St, Suite #300, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Jessie B Northrup
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 101 N. Dithridge St, Suite #300, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carla A Mazefsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 101 N. Dithridge St, Suite #300, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Minissi ME, Gómez-Zaragozá L, Marín-Morales J, Mantovani F, Sirera M, Abad L, Cervera-Torres S, Gómez-García S, Chicchi Giglioli IA, Alcañiz M. The whole-body motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder taking goal-directed actions in virtual reality. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1140731. [PMID: 37089733 PMCID: PMC10117537 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1140731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many symptoms of the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are evident in early infancy, but ASD is usually diagnosed much later by procedures lacking objective measurements. It is necessary to anticipate the identification of ASD by improving the objectivity of the procedure and the use of ecological settings. In this context, atypical motor skills are reaching consensus as a promising ASD biomarker, regardless of the level of symptom severity. This study aimed to assess differences in the whole-body motor skills between 20 children with ASD and 20 children with typical development during the execution of three tasks resembling regular activities presented in virtual reality. The virtual tasks asked to perform precise and goal-directed actions with different limbs vary in their degree of freedom of movement. Parametric and non-parametric statistical methods were applied to analyze differences in children's motor skills. The findings endorsed the hypothesis that when particular goal-directed movements are required, the type of action could modulate the presence of motor abnormalities in ASD. In particular, the ASD motor abnormalities emerged in the task requiring to take with the upper limbs goal-directed actions with low degree of freedom. The motor abnormalities covered (1) the body part mainly involved in the action, and (2) further body parts not directly involved in the movement. Findings were discussed against the background of atypical prospective control of movements and visuomotor discoordination in ASD. These findings contribute to advance the understanding of motor skills in ASD while deepening ecological and objective assessment procedures based on VR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleonora Minissi
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tecnología Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Gómez-Zaragozá
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tecnología Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Marín-Morales
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tecnología Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fabrizia Mantovani
- Centre for Studies in Communication Sciences “Luigi Anolli” (CESCOM), Department of Human Sciences for Education “Riccardo Massa”, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Marian Sirera
- Red Cenit, Centros de Desarrollo Cognitivo, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Abad
- Red Cenit, Centros de Desarrollo Cognitivo, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Cervera-Torres
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tecnología Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Soledad Gómez-García
- Facultad de Magisterio y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Alice Chicchi Giglioli
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tecnología Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariano Alcañiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tecnología Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-tech), Universitat Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Kyvelidou A, DeVeney S, Katsavelis D. Development of Infant Sitting Postural Control in Three Groups of Infants at Various Risk Levels for Autism Spectrum Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1234. [PMID: 36674015 PMCID: PMC9858765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the development of sitting postural control among two groups of infants at elevated risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and a group of infants at typical risk for ASD and its association with cognitive, language and communication skills at a later age. We visited infants in their home environment from the onset of sitting until sitting independence and at 12 and 18 months of age. We collected data on sitting posture (center of pressure), through a portable force platform, as well as communication, cognitive and social behavior assessments at various time points. Our results showed that postural control differences at the onset of sitting, were present among the groups of infants but there were no statistically significant differences among the groups in the development of sitting posture. In addition, there were statistically significant communication differences among the groups and mostly the change in sample entropy in the anterior/posterior direction (posture measure) was significantly correlated with other skills at a later age. This study highlights the importance of investigating multiple at-risk groups to identify unique developmental pathways that may lead to an ASD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shari DeVeney
- Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Dimitrios Katsavelis
- Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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7
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Doi H, Iijima N, Furui A, Soh Z, Yonei R, Shinohara K, Iriguchi M, Shimatani K, Tsuji T. Prediction of autistic tendencies at 18 months of age via markerless video analysis of spontaneous body movements in 4-month-old infants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18045. [PMID: 36302797 PMCID: PMC9614013 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Early intervention is now considered the core treatment strategy for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Thus, it is of significant clinical importance to establish a screening tool for the early detection of ASD in infants. To achieve this goal, in a longitudinal design, we analyzed spontaneous bodily movements of 4-month-old infants from general population and assessed their ASD-like behaviors at 18 months of age. A total of 26 movement features were calculated from video-recorded bodily movements of infants at 4 months of age. Their risk of ASD was assessed at 18 months of age with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlerhood, a widely used screening questionnaire. Infants at high risk for ASD at 18 months of age exhibited less rhythmic and weaker bodily movement patterns at 4 months of age than low-risk infants. When the observed bodily movement patterns were submitted to a machine learning-based analysis, linear and non-linear classifiers successfully predicted ASD-like behavior at 18 months of age based on the bodily movement patterns at 4 months of age, at the level acceptable for practical use. This study analyzed the relationship between spontaneous bodily movements at 4 months of age and the ASD risk at 18 months of age. Experimental results suggested the utility of the proposed method for the early screening of infants at risk for ASD. We revealed that the signs of ASD risk could be detected as early as 4 months after birth, by focusing on the infant's spontaneous bodily movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Doi
- grid.411113.70000 0000 9122 4296Department of Science and Engineering, Kokushikan University, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Naoya Iijima
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Furui
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Zu Soh
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Rikuya Yonei
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Shinohara
- grid.174567.60000 0000 8902 2273Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayuko Iriguchi
- grid.174567.60000 0000 8902 2273Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koji Shimatani
- grid.412155.60000 0001 0726 4429Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsuji
- grid.257022.00000 0000 8711 3200Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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8
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Tajik-Parvinchi D, Rosenbaum P, Hidecker MJC, Duku E, Zwaigenbaum L, Roncadin C, Georgiades S, Gentles S, Fang H, Di Rezze B. Construct Validity of the Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication (ACSF:SC) Across Childhood and Adolescence. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05608-w. [PMID: 35666330 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the construct validity of the Autism Classification System of Functioning: Social Communication (ACSF). Participants included 145 parents of children with autism (2-19 years). The degree of convergent and discriminant validity between parent reported ACSF and subscales from Social Responsiveness Scale 2nd edition and Behavior Assessment System for Children, 3rd Edition were examined against a priori hypotheses. We examined construct validity in the entire sample as well as in specific age cohorts. Our findings suggest that ACSF can provide a valid classification system of social communication ability in children with autism 2-19 years of age, and its two subscales may be used to examine different aspects of social communication ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tajik-Parvinchi
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 436, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, McMaster University, Room 436, 1400 Main St. W, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Peter Rosenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 408, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Jo Cooley Hidecker
- Department of Communication Science & Disorders, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone, 40508, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric Duku
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, Faulty of Health Sciences, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, McMaster, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Autism Research Center, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Room E209, 10230 111 Avenue, T5G 0B7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline Roncadin
- Ron Joyce Children's Health Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, 325 Wellington Street North, L8L 0A4, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, MIP 201A, L8P 0A1, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Gentles
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, N2L 3C5, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hanna Fang
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 436, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Briano Di Rezze
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Room 436, L8S 1C7, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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9
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Daniel S, Wimpory D, Delafield-Butt JT, Malloch S, Holck U, Geretsegger M, Tortora S, Osborne N, Schögler B, Koch S, Elias-Masiques J, Howorth MC, Dunbar P, Swan K, Rochat MJ, Schlochtermeier R, Forster K, Amos P. Rhythmic Relating: Bidirectional Support for Social Timing in Autism Therapies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:793258. [PMID: 35693509 PMCID: PMC9186469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.793258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose Rhythmic Relating for autism: a system of supports for friends, therapists, parents, and educators; a system which aims to augment bidirectional communication and complement existing therapeutic approaches. We begin by summarizing the developmental significance of social timing and the social-motor-synchrony challenges observed in early autism. Meta-analyses conclude the early primacy of such challenges, yet cite the lack of focused therapies. We identify core relational parameters in support of social-motor-synchrony and systematize these using the communicative musicality constructs: pulse; quality; and narrative. Rhythmic Relating aims to augment the clarity, contiguity, and pulse-beat of spontaneous behavior by recruiting rhythmic supports (cues, accents, turbulence) and relatable vitality; facilitating the predictive flow and just-ahead-in-time planning needed for good-enough social timing. From here, we describe possibilities for playful therapeutic interaction, small-step co-regulation, and layered sensorimotor integration. Lastly, we include several clinical case examples demonstrating the use of Rhythmic Relating within four different therapeutic approaches (Dance Movement Therapy, Improvisational Music Therapy, Play Therapy, and Musical Interaction Therapy). These clinical case examples are introduced here and several more are included in the Supplementary Material (Examples of Rhythmic Relating in Practice). A suite of pilot intervention studies is proposed to assess the efficacy of combining Rhythmic Relating with different therapeutic approaches in playful work with individuals with autism. Further experimental hypotheses are outlined, designed to clarify the significance of certain key features of the Rhythmic Relating approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Daniel
- British Association of Play Therapists, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Wimpory
- BCU Health Board (NHS), Bangor, United Kingdom
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan T. Delafield-Butt
- Laboratory for Innovation in Autism, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Education, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Malloch
- Westmead Psychotherapy Program, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ulla Holck
- Music Therapy, Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Monika Geretsegger
- The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Suzi Tortora
- Dancing Dialogue, LCAT, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nigel Osborne
- Department of Music, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Benjaman Schögler
- Perception Movement Action Research Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Koch
- Research Institute for Creative Arts Therapies, Alanus University, Alfter, Germany
- School of Therapy Sciences, Creative Arts Therapies, SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judit Elias-Masiques
- BCU Health Board (NHS), Bangor, United Kingdom
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Karrie Swan
- Department of Counseling, Leadership, and Special Education, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States
| | - Magali J. Rochat
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Katharine Forster
- BCU Health Board (NHS), Bangor, United Kingdom
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Pat Amos
- Independent Researcher, Ardmore, PA, United States
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10
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Muratori F, Apicella F. Being Born Autistic and the Forming of the Interpersonal World. PSYCHOANALYTIC INQUIRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07351690.2022.2007019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Guivarch J, Jouve E, Avenel E, Poinso F, Conforti-Roussel L. Effect of physical therapy on 7- to 10-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder: A retrospective study in a university day hospital. Bull Menninger Clin 2021; 85:385-404. [PMID: 34851684 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2021.85.4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
More than half of children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffer from motor impairment. In a retrospective study, the authors investigated the effect of a body-mediated workshop with dance movement therapy (DMT) on the motor skills and social skills of children with ASD by comparing 10 autistic children aged 7 to 10 years who benefited from DMT with 10 autistic children in a control group. Scores on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale were compared. The body-mediated workshop had significant benefits for motricity, especially manual dexterity, and for relational skills. A body-mediated workshop may have a multimodal effect and requires transmodal training. Regarding the mechanisms that explain the benefits and the cascading effect, the roles of imitation and multimodal connections are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jokthan Guivarch
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Child Psychiatry, APHM, Marseille, France.,Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Elisabeth Jouve
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Service Evaluation Medicale, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Elodie Avenel
- Department of Child Psychiatry, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - François Poinso
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Child Psychiatry, APHM, Marseille, France.,Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Conforti-Roussel
- Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Montpellier-Saint Eloi Hospital, Montpellier, France.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Bezier Hospital, Bezier, France
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12
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Lavenne-Collot N, Jallot N, Maguet J, Degrez C, Botbol M, Grandgeorge M. Early Motor Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders Are Marked by Less Frequent Hand and Knees Crawling. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:2148-2165. [PMID: 34372738 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211037983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our aim in this study was to affirm or negate (quantitatively) our subjective impression of altered hands and knees crawling (H&K crawling) among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Through parental questionnaires and children's health records, we retrospectively compared early motor skills, including the frequency of H&K crawling in 79 children with Autistic Disorder or Asperger Syndrome versus 100 children with typical development (TD). We found H&K crawling to be significantly less frequent among children with ASD (44.2%) versus children with TD (69%). Children with ASD also showed a decreased frequency of acquiring a seating position without help and a later mean walking age compared to the TD children. These data suggest that early motor development delays may be a useful sign for detecting ASD at early ages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelle Jallot
- Service universitaire de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Julie Maguet
- Service universitaire de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Céline Degrez
- Service universitaire de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Michel Botbol
- Service universitaire de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Marine Grandgeorge
- Service universitaire de psychiatrie infanto-juvénile, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France.,Laboratoire de Neurosciences de Brest, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.,EthoS (Éthologie animale et humaine) - UMR 6552, Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, Paimpont, France
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13
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Gepner B, Charrier A, Arciszewski T, Tardif C. Slowness Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Blind Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:3102-3115. [PMID: 34268638 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The world often goes too fast for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to process. We tested the therapeutic effectiveness of input slowing in children with ASD. Over 12 months, 12 children with ASD had weekly speech therapy sessions where stimuli were slowly played on a PC, while 11 age- and level-matched children with ASD had speech therapy using real-time stimuli. At the beginning and end of the study, all participants were assessed on communication, imitation, facial emotion recognition, behavior, and face exploration. Whereas communication and facial emotion recognition improved in both groups, imitation increased, inappropriate behaviors decreased, and time spent fixating mouth and eyes increased solely in the group using slowness. Slowness therapy seems very promising for ASD children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gepner
- Institut de Neurophysiopathologie (INP), CNRS UMR 7051, Aix-Marseille University, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France.
| | - Aurore Charrier
- Institut Médico-éducatif La Frégate, Aidera Var, Toulon, France
| | - Thomas Arciszewski
- Laboratoire de Psychologie de la Connaissance, du Langage et de l'Emotion (PSYCLE), Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Carole Tardif
- Laboratoire de Psychologie de la Connaissance, du Langage et de l'Emotion (PSYCLE), Aix-Marseille University, Aix-en-Provence, France
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14
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Simeoli R, Milano N, Rega A, Marocco D. Using Technology to Identify Children With Autism Through Motor Abnormalities. Front Psychol 2021; 12:635696. [PMID: 34113283 PMCID: PMC8186533 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder typically assessed and diagnosed through observational analysis of behavior. Assessment exclusively based on behavioral observation sessions requires a lot of time for the diagnosis. In recent years, there is a growing need to make assessment processes more motivating and capable to provide objective measures of the disorder. New evidence showed that motor abnormalities may underpin the disorder and provide a computational marker to enhance assessment and diagnostic processes. Thus, a measure of motor patterns could provide a means to assess young children with autism and a new starting point for rehabilitation treatments. In this study, we propose to use a software tool that through a smart tablet device and touch screen sensor technologies could be able to capture detailed information about children's motor patterns. We compared movement trajectories of autistic children and typically developing children, with the aim to identify autism motor signatures analyzing their coordinates of movements. We used a smart tablet device to record coordinates of dragging movements carried out by 60 children (30 autistic children and 30 typically developing children) during a cognitive task. Machine learning analysis of children's motor patterns identified autism with 93% accuracy, demonstrating that autism can be computationally identified. The analysis of the features that most affect the prediction reveals and describes the differences between the groups, confirming that motor abnormalities are a core feature of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Simeoli
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Milano
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Rega
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Neapolisanit S.R.L. Rehabilitation Center, Ottaviano, Italy
| | - Davide Marocco
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Licari MK, Varcin K, Hudry K, Leonard HC, Alvares GA, Pillar SV, Stevenson PG, Cooper MN, Whitehouse AJO. The course and prognostic capability of motor difficulties in infants showing early signs of autism. Autism Res 2021; 14:1759-1768. [PMID: 34021977 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Delays within the motor domain are often overlooked as an early surveillance marker for autism. The present study evaluated motor difficulties and its potential as an early predictive marker for later autism likelihood in a cohort of infants (N = 96) showing early behavioral signs of autism aged 9-14 months. The motor domain was evaluated using the motor subscales of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning at baseline, and at a 6-month follow-up. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule - Toddler Module (ADOS-T) was completed at follow-up as a measure of autism likelihood. Motor difficulties were common at baseline, with 63/96 (65.6%) infants scoring very low or below average in the gross motor domain and 29/96 (30.2%) in the fine motor domain. At follow-up, gross motor difficulties had resolved for many, with 23/63 (36.5%) infants maintaining these difficulties. Fine motor difficulties resolved in fewer infants, with 20/29 (69.0%) continuing to present with fine motor delays at follow-up. Adjusted linear regression models suggested that fine motor scores at baseline (β = -0.12, SE = 0.04) and follow-up (β = -0.17, SE = 0.05) were associated with higher ADOS-T scores; with difficulties across both timepoints (β = 5.60, SE = 1.35) the strongest (largest in magnitude) association with ADOS-T scores of the predictors examined. Motor difficulties are prominent in children displaying emerging signs of autism, with persistent fine motor difficulties predictive of the developing autism phenotype. The findings indicate the potential clinical value of including evaluation of motor skills within early autism surveillance measures. LAY SUMMARY: This prospective study evaluated motor development over a 6-month period in infants showing early behavioral signs of autism. Atypical motor development was a common feature of infants showing early signs of autism and persistent fine motor difficulties were predictive of the emerging autism phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Licari
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kandice Varcin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kristelle Hudry
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Gail A Alvares
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah V Pillar
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul G Stevenson
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J O Whitehouse
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Carpenter KLH, Hahemi J, Campbell K, Lippmann SJ, Baker JP, Egger HL, Espinosa S, Vermeer S, Sapiro G, Dawson G. Digital Behavioral Phenotyping Detects Atypical Pattern of Facial Expression in Toddlers with Autism. Autism Res 2021; 14:488-499. [PMID: 32924332 PMCID: PMC7920907 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Commonly used screening tools for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) generally rely on subjective caregiver questionnaires. While behavioral observation is more objective, it is also expensive, time-consuming, and requires significant expertise to perform. As such, there remains a critical need to develop feasible, scalable, and reliable tools that can characterize ASD risk behaviors. This study assessed the utility of a tablet-based behavioral assessment for eliciting and detecting one type of risk behavior, namely, patterns of facial expression, in 104 toddlers (ASD N = 22) and evaluated whether such patterns differentiated toddlers with and without ASD. The assessment consisted of the child sitting on his/her caregiver's lap and watching brief movies shown on a smart tablet while the embedded camera recorded the child's facial expressions. Computer vision analysis (CVA) automatically detected and tracked facial landmarks, which were used to estimate head position and facial expressions (Positive, Neutral, All Other). Using CVA, specific points throughout the movies were identified that reliably differentiate between children with and without ASD based on their patterns of facial movement and expressions (area under the curves for individual movies ranging from 0.62 to 0.73). During these instances, children with ASD more frequently displayed Neutral expressions compared to children without ASD, who had more All Other expressions. The frequency of All Other expressions was driven by non-ASD children more often displaying raised eyebrows and an open mouth, characteristic of engagement/interest. Preliminary results suggest computational coding of facial movements and expressions via a tablet-based assessment can detect differences in affective expression, one of the early, core features of ASD. LAY SUMMARY: This study tested the use of a tablet in the behavioral assessment of young children with autism. Children watched a series of developmentally appropriate movies and their facial expressions were recorded using the camera embedded in the tablet. Results suggest that computational assessments of facial expressions may be useful in early detection of symptoms of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L H Carpenter
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jordan Hahemi
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen Campbell
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Steven J Lippmann
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helen L Egger
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- NYU Langone Child Study Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Espinosa
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saritha Vermeer
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guillermo Sapiro
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering Computer Science, and Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Manolova H, Hristova M, Staykova S. The Importance of Early Psychological Assessment for Differential Diagnosis and Detection of Comorbidity in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:671744. [PMID: 34054622 PMCID: PMC8149738 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.671744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harieta Manolova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mihaela Hristova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Staykova
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Medical University - Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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18
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Macari S, Milgramm A, Reed J, Shic F, Powell KK, Macris D, Chawarska K. Context-Specific Dyadic Attention Vulnerabilities During the First Year in Infants Later Developing Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:166-175. [PMID: 32061926 PMCID: PMC9524139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although some eye-tracking studies demonstrate atypical attention to faces by 6 months of age in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), behavioral studies in early infancy return largely negative results. We examined the effects of context and diagnosis on attention to faces during face-to-face live interactions in infants at high familial risk (HR) and low familial risk (LR) for ASD. METHOD Participants were 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old siblings of children with ASD who were later determined to have ASD (n = 21), other developmental challenges (HR-C; n = 74), or typical development (TD) (HR-TD; n = 32), and low-risk, typically developing controls (LR-TD; n = 49). Infants were administered the social orienting probes task, consisting of five conditions: dyadic bid, song, peek-a-boo, tickle, and toy play. Attention to an unfamiliar examiner's face was coded by blinded raters from video recordings. RESULTS At all ages, the ASD group spent less time looking at the examiner's face than the HR-C, HR-TD, and LR-TD groups during the Dyadic Bid and Tickle conditions (all p <.05), but not during the Song, Peek-a-Boo, or Toy Play conditions (all p >.23). Lower attention to faces during Dyadic Bid and Tickle conditions was significantly correlated with higher severity of autism symptoms at 18 months. CONCLUSION During the prodromal stages of the disorder, infants with ASD exhibited subtle impairments in attention to faces of interactive partners during interactions involving eye contact and child-directed speech (with and without physical contact), but not in contexts involving singing, familiar anticipatory games, or toy play. Considering the convergence with eye-tracking findings on limited attention to faces in infants later diagnosed with ASD, reduced attention to faces of interactive partners in specific contexts may constitute a promising candidate behavioral marker of ASD in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Macari
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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19
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Pokorny FB, Bartl-Pokorny KD, Zhang D, Marschik PB, Schuller D, Schuller BW. Efficient Collection and Representation of Preverbal Data in Typical and Atypical Development. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 44:419-436. [PMID: 33088008 PMCID: PMC7561537 DOI: 10.1007/s10919-020-00332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human preverbal development refers to the period of steadily increasing vocal capacities until the emergence of a child’s first meaningful words. Over the last decades, research has intensively focused on preverbal behavior in typical development. Preverbal vocal patterns have been phonetically classified and acoustically characterized. More recently, specific preverbal phenomena were discussed to play a role as early indicators of atypical development. Recent advancements in audio signal processing and machine learning have allowed for novel approaches in preverbal behavior analysis including automatic vocalization-based differentiation of typically and atypically developing individuals. In this paper, we give a methodological overview of current strategies for collecting and acoustically representing preverbal data for intelligent audio analysis paradigms. Efficiency in the context of data collection and data representation is discussed. Following current research trends, we set a special focus on challenges that arise when dealing with preverbal data of individuals with late detected developmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder or Rett syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian B Pokorny
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing group (MISP), Chair of Human-Machine Communication, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin D Bartl-Pokorny
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dajie Zhang
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter B Marschik
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany.,Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Björn W Schuller
- audEERING GmbH, Gilching, Germany.,ZD.B Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.,GLAM - Group on Language, Audio & Music, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
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20
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Reducing facial dynamics' speed during speech enhances attention to mouth in children with autism spectrum disorder: An eye-tracking study. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:1006-1015. [PMID: 32378498 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Facial movements of others during verbal and social interaction are often too rapid to be faced and/or processed in time by numerous children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which could contribute to their face-to-face interaction peculiarities. We wish here to measure the effect of reducing the speed of one's facial dynamics on the visual exploration of the face by children with ASD. Twenty-three children with ASD and 29 typically-developing control children matched for chronological age passively viewed a video of a speaker telling a story at various velocities, i.e., a real-time speed and two slowed-down speeds. The visual scene was divided into four areas of interest (AOI): face, mouth, eyes, and outside the face. With an eye-tracking system, we measured the percentage of total fixation duration per AOI and the number and mean duration of the visual fixations made on each AOI. In children with ASD, the mean duration of visual fixations on the mouth region, which correlated with their verbal level, increased at slowed-down velocity compared with the real-time one, a finding which parallels a result also found in the control children. These findings strengthen the therapeutic potential of slowness for enhancing verbal and language abilities in children with ASD.
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21
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Qiu N, Tang C, Zhai M, Huang W, Weng J, Li C, Xiao X, Fu J, Zhang L, Xiao T, Fang H, Ke X. Application of the Still-Face Paradigm in Early Screening for High-Risk Autism Spectrum Disorder in Infants and Toddlers. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:290. [PMID: 32582594 PMCID: PMC7290044 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can currently be diagnosed at the age of 2 years, age at ASD diagnosis is still 40 months or even later. In order to early screening for ASD with more objective method, behavioral videos were used in a number of studies in recent years. Method: The still-face paradigm (SFP) was adopted to measure the frequency and duration of non-social smiling, protest behavior, eye contact, social smiling, and active social engagement in high-risk ASD group (HR) and typical development group (TD) (HR: n = 45; TD: n = 43). The HR group was follow-up until they were 2 years old to confirm final diagnosis. Machine learning methods were used to establish models for early screening of ASD. Results: During the face-to-face interaction (FF) episode of the SFP, there were statistically significant differences in the duration and frequency of eye contact, social smiling, and active social engagement between the two groups. During the still-face (SF) episode, there were statistically significant differences in the duration and frequency of eye contact and active social engagement between the two groups. The 45 children in the HR group were reclassified into two groups after follow-up: five children in the N-ASD group who were not meet the criterion of ASD and 40 children in the ASD group. The results showed that the accuracy of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification was 83.35% for the SF episode. Conclusion: The use of the social behavior indicator of the SFP for a child with HR before 2 years old can effectively predict the clinical diagnosis of the child at the age of 2 years. The screening model constructed using SVM based on the SF episode of the SFP was the best. This also proves that the SFP has certain value in high-risk autism spectrum disorder screening. In addition, because of its convenient, it can provide a self-screening mode for use at home. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-OPC-17011995.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Qiu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuangao Tang
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhai
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanqing Huang
- College of Telecommunications & Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiao Weng
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junli Fu
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ting Xiao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ke
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Gaetz W, Rhodes E, Bloy L, Blaskey L, Jackel CR, Brodkin ES, Waldman A, Embick D, Hall S, Roberts TPL. Evaluating motor cortical oscillations and age-related change in autism spectrum disorder. Neuroimage 2019; 207:116349. [PMID: 31726253 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is primarily characterized by impairments in social communication and the appearance of repetitive behaviors with restricted interests. Increasingly, evidence also points to a general deficit of motor tone and coordination in children and adults with ASD; yet the neural basis of motor functional impairment in ASD remains poorly characterized. In this study, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to (1) assess potential group differences between typically developing (TD) and ASD participants in motor cortical oscillatory activity observed on a simple button-press task and (2) to do so over a sufficiently broad age-range so as to capture age-dependent changes associated with development. Event-related desynchronization was evaluated in Mu (8-13 Hz) and Beta (15-30 Hz) frequency bands (Mu-ERD, Beta-ERD). In addition, post-movement Beta rebound (PMBR), and movement-related gamma (60-90 Hz) synchrony (MRGS) were also assessed in a cohort of 123 participants (63 typically developing (TD) and 59 with ASD) ranging in age from 8 to 24.9 years. We observed significant age-dependent linear trends in Beta-ERD and MRGS power with age for both TD and ASD groups; which did not differ significantly between groups. However, for PMBR, in addition to a significant effect of age, we also observed a significant reduction in PMBR power in the ASD group (p < 0.05). Post-hoc tests showed that this omnibus group difference was driven by the older cohort of children >13.2 years (p < 0.001) and this group difference was not observed when assessing PMBR activity for the younger PMBR groups (ages 8-13.2 years; p = 0.48). Moreover, for the older ASD cohort, hierarchical regression showed a significant relationship between PMBR activity and clinical scores of ASD severity (Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS T scores)), after regressing out the effect of age (p < 0.05). Our results show substantial age-dependent changes in motor cortical oscillations (Beta-ERD and MRGS) occur for both TD and ASD children and diverge only for PMBR, and most significantly for older adolescents and adults with ASD. While the functional significance of PMBR and reduced PMBR signaling remains to be fully elucidated, these results underscore the importance of considering age as a factor when assessing motor cortical oscillations and group differences in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gaetz
- Lurie Family Foundations' MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Edward Rhodes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Bloy
- Lurie Family Foundations' MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Blaskey
- Lurie Family Foundations' MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carissa R Jackel
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Waldman
- Division of Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Embick
- Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Hall
- Brain Research and Imaging Centre, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Lurie Family Foundations' MEG Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Qigong in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2019; 17:250-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Le Menn-Tripi C, Vachaud A, Defas N, Malvy J, Roux S, Bonnet-Brilhault F. [Sensory-psychomotor evaluation in Autism: A new tool for functional diagnosis]. Encephale 2019; 45:312-319. [PMID: 30922517 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychomotor impairments in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have frequently been described in scientific literature. Such deficits impact upon the development of social motor function and interfere with the ability to adjust to everyday life. The inclusion of sensory-motor signs in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) confirms their importance in the diagnosis of ASD. Previous literature has shown the presence precocity of these signs, sometimes before the alteration of the social communication. To our knowledge, there are no existing clinical tools to measure sensory-psychomotor deficit, specifically in ASD. The current paper presents the construction and validation of a new scale, designed to evaluate sensory-psychomotor signs in Autism: 'the Sensory-psychomotor Particularities Scale in Autism' (SPSA). METHOD The scale is composed of 160 items describing common sensory-psychomotor signs in autism. These items are grouped into 20 variables: touch, nociception, vestibular sensitivity, proprioceptive sensitivity, vision, auditory, multimodality, tone, posture, balance, global coordination, manual dexterity, body schema, bodily self-consciousness, relational adjustment, emotional expression, use of objects, space, time and tonico-emotional regulation. For each item, the psychomotor therapist evaluated sensori-psychomotor signs according to a five-level Likert scale (0="the sign is never expressed by the person", 1="weakly expressed", 2="moderately expressed", 3="severely expressed" and 4="the sign is very characteristic of the person and very severely expressed"). This is completed by a family interview in order to assess the impact of these signs on everyday situations. The study included 111 children with autism. The presence of neurological and genetic diseases was exclusion criteria. For each child, a global developmental evaluation was carried out by an expert clinical team specializing in ASD. Standardized clinical tools were used: Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Behavior Summarized Evaluation scale (BSE-R), Repeated and Restricted Behavior scale (RRB), Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC), Motor Development Rating scale (MDR), Sensory Profile (SP). Developmental quotients (DQ) were evaluated using various tests depending on age and ability. RESULTS Factor analysis produced three clinically relevant factors: F1: "sensory-emotional synchronization", F2: "multisensory integration" and F3: "motor skills": each containing a similar quantity of items. They account for roughly equal percentages of variance (18.9%, 18.0%, 16.8%, respectively). The factorial structure does not change if the 26 children with comorbid developmental coordination disorder are removed. The three factors show good internal consistency and excellent inter-rater reliability. F1 is comprised of 6 items: touch, nociception, proprioceptive sensitivity, vision, emotional expression and tonico-emotional regulation. This factor is significantly associated with items of the Sensory Profile (touch processing, poor registration, sensory seeking). F2 is comprised of 5 items: multimodality, bodily self-consciousness, relational adjustment, use of objects and space. This factor is associated with ADOS, BSE-R and RRB scores, and the item "touch processing" of the Sensory Profile. F3 is comprised of 4 items: tone, posture, global coordination, manual dexterity. This factor is associated with the M-ABC, the MDR and the item "low endurance" of the Sensory Profile. CONCLUSION The SPSA is a relevant clinical tool to assess the severity of sensory-psychomotor clinical signs in order to describe the individual profiles of children with ASD. It represents a critical step in advancing knowledge of the complex and heterogeneous pattern of psychomotor development in autism. It could make a valuable contribution to the field, both in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Le Menn-Tripi
- Centre Ressources Autisme Région Centre Val-de-Loire, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France.
| | - A Vachaud
- Centre Ressources Autisme Région Centre Val-de-Loire, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - N Defas
- Centre Ressources Autisme Région Centre Val-de-Loire, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France
| | - J Malvy
- Centre Ressources Autisme Région Centre Val-de-Loire, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France; Inserm, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France
| | - S Roux
- Inserm, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France
| | - F Bonnet-Brilhault
- Centre Ressources Autisme Région Centre Val-de-Loire, Centre Universitaire de Pédopsychiatrie, CHU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex 9, France; Inserm, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, 37000 Tours, France
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Abstract
The field of nonverbal communication (NVC) has a long history involving many cue modalities, including face, voice, body, touch, and interpersonal space; different levels of analysis, including normative, group, and individual differences; and many substantive themes that cross from psychology into other disciplines. In this review, we focus on NVC as it pertains to individuals and social interaction. We concentrate specifically on ( a) the meanings and correlates of cues that are enacted (sent) by encoders and ( b) the perception of nonverbal cues and the accuracy of such perception. Frameworks are presented for conceptualizing and understanding the process of sending and receiving nonverbal cues. Measurement issues are discussed, and theoretical issues and new developments are covered briefly. Although our review is primarily oriented within social and personality psychology, the interdisciplinary nature of NVC is evident in the growing body of research on NVC across many areas of scientific inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A. Hall
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Terrence G. Horgan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Flint, Michigan 48502, USA
| | - Nora A. Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, California 90045, USA
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Sacrey LAR, Zwaigenbaum L, Bryson S, Brian J, Smith IM. The reach-to-grasp movement in infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: a high-risk sibling cohort study. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:41. [PMID: 30587102 PMCID: PMC6307213 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social communication and the presence of repetitive behavior and/or restricted interests, there is evidence that motor impairments may be a contributing factor to the ASD phenotype. The purpose of this study was to examine the motor act of reaching-to-grasp in children at high risk (HR; with an older sibling diagnosed with ASD) and low-risk (LR; no family history of ASD) for ASD. METHODS Children were compared for differences in reaching-to-grasp based on sibling status and diagnostic outcome. Children were enrolled between 6 and 12 months of age and the reach-to-grasp movement was scored at 6, 9, (where available) 12, 15, 18, 24, and 36 months of age using the qualitative Skilled Reaching Rating Scale to determine the presence of any group-, age-, or sex-related differences in the mechanics of the reach-to-grasp movement using a Mixed Models analysis. At 36 months, all children underwent a gold-standard diagnostic assessment, which resulted in three outcome groups: HR children diagnosed with ASD (HR-ASD; n = 10), HR children not diagnosed with ASD (HR-N; n = 10), and low-risk children not diagnosed with ASD (LR; n = 10). RESULTS The group of children who were later diagnosed with ASD (HR-ASD group) showed higher (worse) total scores on the reach-to-grasp movement, as well as higher scores on the components of Orient, Lift, and Pronate compared to children in the LR and HR-N groups. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the growing literature indicating that children who are later diagnosed with ASD show impaired early motor performance. These results highlight the importance of early surveillance of children who are at elevated risk for ASD, and early initiatives should focus on early signs of the phenotype, including both movement and sensory differences (prodromal signs) prior to the emergence of diagnostic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori-Ann R. Sacrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Autism Research Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, (E209) 10230 - 111 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5G 0B7 Canada
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
- Autism Research Centre, Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, (E209) 10230 - 111 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5G 0B7 Canada
| | - Susan Bryson
- Dalhousie University/IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
- Autism Research Centre, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Jessica Brian
- Bloorview Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Isabel M. Smith
- Dalhousie University/IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
- Autism Research Centre, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada
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Pokorny FB, Bartl-Pokorny KD, Einspieler C, Zhang D, Vollmann R, Bölte S, Gugatschka M, Schuller BW, Marschik PB. Typical vs. atypical: Combining auditory Gestalt perception and acoustic analysis of early vocalisations in Rett syndrome. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2018; 82:109-119. [PMID: 29551600 PMCID: PMC6093280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early speech-language development of individuals with Rett syndrome (RTT) has been repeatedly characterised by a co-occurrence of apparently typical and atypical vocalisations. AIMS To describe specific features of this intermittent character of typical versus atypical early RTT-associated vocalisations by combining auditory Gestalt perception and acoustic vocalisation analysis. METHODS AND PROCEDURES We extracted N = 363 (pre-)linguistic vocalisations from home video recordings of an infant later diagnosed with RTT. In a listening experiment, all vocalisations were assessed for (a)typicality by five experts on early human development. Listeners' auditory concepts of (a)typicality were investigated in context of a comprehensive set of acoustic time-, spectral- and/or energy-related higher-order features extracted from the vocalisations. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS More than half of the vocalisations were rated as 'atypical' by at least one listener. Atypicality was mainly related to the auditory attribute 'timbre', and to prosodic, spectral, and voice quality features in the acoustic domain. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Knowledge gained in our study shall contribute to the generation of an objective model of early vocalisation atypicality. Such a model might be used for increasing caregivers' and healthcare professionals' sensitivity to identify atypical vocalisation patterns, or even for a probabilistic approach to automatically detect RTT based on early vocalisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian B Pokorny
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Machine Intelligence & Signal Processing group, MMK, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Brain, Ears & Eyes - Pattern Recognition Initiative, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrin D Bartl-Pokorny
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christa Einspieler
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dajie Zhang
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Vollmann
- Brain, Ears & Eyes - Pattern Recognition Initiative, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Linguistics, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Sweden
| | - Markus Gugatschka
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Björn W Schuller
- Chair of Embedded Intelligence for Health Care and Wellbeing, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany; Group on Language, Audio & Music (GLAM), Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter B Marschik
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Brain, Ears & Eyes - Pattern Recognition Initiative, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Macari S, DiNicola L, Kane-Grade F, Prince E, Vernetti A, Powell K, Fontenelle S, Chawarska K. Emotional Expressivity in Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:828-836.e2. [PMID: 30392624 PMCID: PMC6844292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a prevailing notion that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit intense negative and attenuated positive emotions, although the empirical evidence regarding their emotional expressiveness (EE) is limited. Given the importance of emotions in shaping social and cognitive development, we examined intensity and valence of EE and links between EE and autism severity and parent-reported temperament in ASD. METHOD Toddlers (aged 21.2 months) with ASD (n = 43), developmental delay (DD, n = 16), and typical development (TD, n = 40) underwent standardized probes designed to induce anger, joy, and fear. Intensity of EE through facial and vocal channels were coded offline. Autism severity and temperament were quantified using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2) and Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire (ECBQ). RESULTS The ASD group exhibited less intense fear compared to both the DD and TD groups, more intense anger than DD but not TD, with no differences in joy intensity. All groups showed similar levels of incongruous negative EE. Intensity of fear and anger were not associated with severity of autism symptoms, but lower intensity of joy was related to greater autism severity. Expressed fear and joy were associated with temperament. CONCLUSION The study provides no support for a negative emotionality bias in ASD. Instead, toddlers with ASD display a muted response to threat and an accentuated response to goal blockage, whereas the ability to express positive emotions appears intact. Negative emotionality and social disability dimensions are independent. The study demonstrates the complexity of EE in ASD and motivates investigations into underlying mechanisms as well as its role in shaping complex phenotypes of affected children.
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Clay CJ, Samaha AL, Bogoev BK. Assessing preference for and reinforcing efficacy of components of social interaction in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ouss L, Le Normand MT, Bailly K, Leitgel Gille M, Gosme C, Simas R, Wenke J, Jeudon X, Thepot S, Da Silva T, Clady X, Thoueille E, Afshar M, Golse B, Guergova-Kuras M. Developmental Trajectories of Hand Movements in Typical Infants and Those at Risk of Developmental Disorders: An Observational Study of Kinematics during the First Year of Life. Front Psychol 2018. [PMID: 29515472 PMCID: PMC5826068 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HighlightsThe kinematics of hand movements (spatial use, curvature, acceleration, and velocity) of infants with their mothers in an interactive setting
are significantly associated with age in cohorts of typical and at-risk infants differ significantly at 5–6 months of age, depending on the context: relating either with an object or a person.
Environmental and developmental factors shape the developmental trajectories of hand movements in different cohorts: environment for infants with VIMs; stage of development for premature infants and those with West syndrome; and both factors for infants with orality disorders. The curvature of hand movements specifically reflects atypical development in infants with West syndrome when developmental age is considered.
We aimed to discriminate between typical and atypical developmental trajectory patterns of at-risk infants in an interactive setting in this observational and longitudinal study, with the assumption that hand movements (HM) reflect preverbal communication and its disorders. We examined the developmental trajectories of HM in five cohorts of at-risk infants and one control cohort, followed from ages 2 to 10 months: 25 West syndrome (WS), 13 preterm birth (PB), 16 orality disorder (OD), 14 with visually impaired mothers (VIM), 7 early hospitalization (EH), and 19 typically developing infants (TD). Video-recorded data were collected in three different structured interactive contexts. Descriptors of the hand motion were used to examine the extent to which HM were associated with age and cohort. We obtained four principal results: (i) the kinematics of HM (spatial use, curvature, acceleration, and velocity) were significantly associated with age in all cohorts; (ii) HM significantly differed at 5–6 months of age in TD infants, depending on the context; (iii) environmental and developmental factors shaped the developmental trajectories of HM in different cohorts: environment for VIM, development for PB and WS, and both factors for OD and; (iv) the curvatures of HM showed atypical development in WS infants when developmental age was considered. These findings support the importance of using kinematics of HM to identify very early developmental disorders in an interactive context and would allow early prevention and intervention for at-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ouss
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, APHP Assistance Publique-Hopitaux De Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,UMR 1129 Infantile Epilepsies and Brain Plasticity, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, CEA, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Le Normand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale & Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Bailly
- Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7222, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Marluce Leitgel Gille
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, APHP Assistance Publique-Hopitaux De Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Gosme
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, APHP Assistance Publique-Hopitaux De Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Simas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, APHP Assistance Publique-Hopitaux De Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julia Wenke
- EA 3522, CRPMS, ED 450 Recherches en Psychanalyse et Psychopathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jeudon
- Cellule Vidéo de l'Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Association A l'Aube de la Vie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Xavier Clady
- Department of Visual Information, Vision Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR S968, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMRS 7210, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Golse
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, APHP Assistance Publique-Hopitaux De Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Gima H, Kihara H, Watanabe H, Nakano H, Nakano J, Konishi Y, Nakamura T, Taga G. Early motor signs of autism spectrum disorder in spontaneous position and movement of the head. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:1139-1148. [PMID: 29450616 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the characteristics of spontaneous movements at 9-20 weeks postterm age in very low birth-weight infants who later developed autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We analyzed video recordings of spontaneous movements of 39 children who had no clinical issues [typically developing (TD) group], 21 children who showed developmental delay, and 14 children who were diagnosed with ASD (ASD group) at 6 years of age. Head position in each video frame was classified by visual inspection. The percentage of midline head position (PMHP) and number of changes in head position were calculated. Spontaneous limb movements were quantified using six indices. The values of PMHP were significantly lower in the ASD group than in the TD group. The lower PMHP during early infancy is associated with later development of ASD. Poorer performance in maintaining midline position of the head at this period may distinguish infants who later develop ASD from those who show TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Gima
- Department of Faculty of Regional Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Japan. .,Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hideki Kihara
- Babycastle corporation, 373-1,Tsubuku-imamachi, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hama Watanabe
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1, Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Nakano
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3, Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukuo Konishi
- Center of Baby Science, Doshisha University, 4-1-1, Kizugawadai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nakamura
- Department of Neonatology, Nagano Children's Hospital, 3100, Toyoshina, Azumino, Nagano, Japan
| | - Gentaro Taga
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Atypical structural and functional motor networks in autism. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 238:207-248. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Eapen V, Nicholls L, Spagnol V, Mathew NE. Current status of biological treatment options in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 30:1-10. [PMID: 28704714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterised by deficits in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviours. With an onset in early childhood, ASDs are thought to be heterogeneous, both genetically and clinically. This has led to the notion that "autism" is "autisms", however, there has been limited progress in understanding the different subgroups and the unique pathogenesis that would then allow targeted intervention. Although existing treatments are mainly symptom focussed, research is beginning to unravel the underlying genetic and molecular pathways, structural and functional neuronal circuitry involvement and the associated neurochemicals. This paper will review selected biological models with regard to pharmacological targets while also covering some of the non-pharmacological treatments such as neuro-stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valsamma Eapen
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry South West Sydney and Ingham Institute, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Laura Nicholls
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa Spagnol
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nisha E Mathew
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Neurological soft signs, but not theory of mind and emotion recognition deficit distinguished children with ADHD from healthy control. Psychiatry Res 2017. [PMID: 28628794 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with social cognition impairment, executive dysfunction and motor abnormalities, consisting in the persistence of neurological soft signs (NSS). Theory of mind (ToM) and emotion recognition (ER) deficit of children with ADHD have been interpreted as a consequence of their executive dysfunction, particularly inhibitory control deficit. To our knowledge, there are not studies that evaluate the possible correlation between the ToM and ER deficit and NSS in the population with ADHD, while this association has been studied in other psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate ToM and ER and NSS in a sample of 23 drug-naïve children with ADHD and a sample of 20 healthy children and the possible correlation between social cognition dysfunction and NSS in ADHD. Our findings suggest that ToM and ER dysfunction is not a constant feature in the population with ADHD, while NSS confirmed as a markers of atypical neurodevelopment and predictors of the severity of functional impairment in children with ADHD.
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Paquet A, Olliac B, Golse B, Vaivre-Douret L. Evaluation of neuromuscular tone phenotypes in children with autism spectrum disorder: An exploratory study. Neurophysiol Clin 2017; 47:261-268. [PMID: 28784338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Motor disorders are known in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but muscle tone assessments are rarely performed. Muscle tone underpins movement. We investigated muscle tone in 34 ASD children using a standardized neuro-developmental battery, which uses the French norms for muscular tone in children. METHODS Dangling and extensibility were used to examine passive muscle tone in the upper and lower limbs and the body axis. A comparison between muscles of the right and left sides enabled the determination of tonic laterality. RESULTS We found a disharmonious tonic typology, with a tonic component for the muscles of the trunk and the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and a laxity component for the ankles and the proximal and distal muscles of the upper limbs (wrists and shoulders). No establishment of tonic laterality was found in the upper limbs in 61% of ASD children (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The disturbed tonic organization influenced by subcortical structures, such as the cerebellum, may partially explain the motor disorders, and indefinite tonic laterality may also be linked to low hemispheric brain dominance described in autism. This preliminary examination is necessary before any gross motor assessments to understand the nature of movement disorders, explore typologies and highlight possible soft neuro-motor signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Paquet
- Faculty of medicine, university of Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Inserm 1018, CESP, university Paris-Sud, UVSQ, university of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Esquirol hospital, Limoges, France; Research and neurostimulation unit, research federation for psychiatry and innovation at Limousin, Esquirol hospital, Limoges, France.
| | - Bertrand Olliac
- Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Esquirol hospital, Limoges, France; UMR 1094, university of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Bernard Golse
- Faculty of medicine, university of Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Inserm 1018, CESP, university Paris-Sud, UVSQ, university of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Department of child psychiatry, Necker-Enfants-Malades university hospital, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Vaivre-Douret
- Faculty of medicine, university of Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Inserm 1018, CESP, university Paris-Sud, UVSQ, university of Paris-Saclay, Paris, France; Department of child psychiatry, Necker-Enfants-Malades university hospital, Paris, France; Department of paediatrics, child development, Cochin-Port Royal university hospitals of Paris center, Paris, France; Endocrinology laboratory, Imagine instituts, Paris, France
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders whose core features of impaired social communication and atypical repetitive behaviors and/or restrictions in range of interests emerge in toddlerhood and carry significant implications at successive stages of development. The ability to reliably identify most cases of the condition far earlier than the average age of diagnosis presents a novel opportunity for early intervention, but the availability of such an intervention is disparate across US communities, and its impact is imperfectly understood. New research may transform the clinical approach to these conditions in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Constantino
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8504, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Natasha Marrus
- Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8504, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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37
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Bradshaw J, Koegel LK, Koegel RL. Improving Functional Language and Social Motivation with a Parent-Mediated Intervention for Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2017; 47:2443-2458. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Ansuini C, Podda J, Battaglia FM, Veneselli E, Becchio C. One hand, two hands, two people: Prospective sensorimotor control in children with autism. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28292645 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.02.009.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Where grasps are made reveals how grasps are planned. The grasp height effect predicts that, when people take hold of an object to move it to a new position, the grasp height on the object is inversely related to the height of the target position. In the present study, we used this effect as a window into the prospective sensorimotor control of children with autism spectrum disorders without accompanying intellectual impairment. Participants were instructed to grasp a vertical cylinder and move it from a table (home position) to a shelf of varying height (target position). Depending on the conditions, they performed the task using only one hand (unimanual), two hands (bimanual), or with the help of a co-actor (joint). Comparison between the performance of typically developing children and children with autism revealed no group difference across tasks. We found, however, a significant influence of IQ on grasp height modulation in both groups. These results provide clear evidence against a general prospective sensorimotor planning deficit and suggest that at least some form of higher order planning is present in autism without accompanying intellectual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ansuini
- C'MON Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Jessica Podda
- C'MON Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Edvige Veneselli
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Becchio
- C'MON Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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39
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Ansuini C, Podda J, Battaglia FM, Veneselli E, Becchio C. One hand, two hands, two people: Prospective sensorimotor control in children with autism. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 29:86-96. [PMID: 28292645 PMCID: PMC6987911 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Where grasps are made reveals how grasps are planned. The grasp height effect predicts that, when people take hold of an object to move it to a new position, the grasp height on the object is inversely related to the height of the target position. In the present study, we used this effect as a window into the prospective sensorimotor control of children with autism spectrum disorders without accompanying intellectual impairment. Participants were instructed to grasp a vertical cylinder and move it from a table (home position) to a shelf of varying height (target position). Depending on the conditions, they performed the task using only one hand (unimanual), two hands (bimanual), or with the help of a co-actor (joint). Comparison between the performance of typically developing children and children with autism revealed no group difference across tasks. We found, however, a significant influence of IQ on grasp height modulation in both groups. These results provide clear evidence against a general prospective sensorimotor planning deficit and suggest that at least some form of higher order planning is present in autism without accompanying intellectual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ansuini
- C'MON Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Jessica Podda
- C'MON Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Edvige Veneselli
- Child Neuropsychiatric Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina Becchio
- C'MON Unit, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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40
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Serdarevic F, Ghassabian A, van Batenburg-Eddes T, White T, Blanken LME, Jaddoe VWV, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. Infant muscle tone and childhood autistic traits: A longitudinal study in the general population. Autism Res 2017; 10:757-768. [PMID: 28181411 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In a longitudinal population-based study of 2,905 children, we investigated if infants' neuromotor development was associated with autistic traits in childhood. Overall motor development and muscle tone were examined by trained research assistants with an adapted version of Touwen's Neurodevelopmental Examination between ages 2 and 5 months. Tone was assessed in several positions and items were scored as normal, low, or high tone. Parents rated their children's autistic traits with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Pervasive Developmental Problems (PDP) subscale of the Child Behavior Checklist at 6 years. We defined clinical PDP if scores were >98th percentile of the norm population. Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was clinically confirmed in 30 children. We observed a modest association between overall neuromotor development in infants and autistic traits. Low muscle tone in infancy predicted autistic traits measured by SRS (adjusted beta = 0.05, 95% CI for B: 0.00-0.02, P = 0.01), and PDP (adjusted beta = 0.08, 95% CI for B: 0.04-0.10, P < 0.001). Similar results emerged for the association of low muscle tone and clinical PDP (adjusted OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.08-1.72, P = 0.01) at age 6 years. Results remained unchanged if adjusted for child intelligence. There was no association between high muscle tone and SRS or PDP. Exclusion of children with ASD diagnosis did not change the association. This large study showed a prospective association of infant muscle tone with autistic traits in childhood. Our findings suggest that early detection of low muscle tone might be a gateway to improve early diagnosis of ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 757-768. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadila Serdarevic
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Generation R Study Group, the Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Akhgar Ghassabian
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamara van Batenburg-Eddes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura M E Blanken
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Generation R Study Group, the Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Generation R Study Group, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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41
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Wilson KP, Carter MW, Wiener HL, DeRamus ML, Bulluck JC, Watson LR, Crais ER, Baranek GT. Object play in infants with autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal retrospective video analysis. AUTISM & DEVELOPMENTAL LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS 2017; 2:10.1177/2396941517713186. [PMID: 28890936 PMCID: PMC5584880 DOI: 10.1177/2396941517713186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Early play behaviors may provide important information regarding later-diagnosed developmental delays. Play behaviors of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are restricted in diversity, frequency, and complexity. Most ASD research focuses on play in children over 18 months of age. This study examined three groups of infants (later diagnosed with ASD, later diagnosed with other developmental disorders, and typically developing) with the aims of: (1) describing the play behaviors of the three groups of infants at two time points (9-12 months and 15-18 months); (2) examining group differences in four hierarchical levels of play at both time points; (3) comparing groups with respect to the highest level of play achieved; and (4) determining if the highest level of play achieved by infants with developmental delays, including ASD, correlated with later developmental outcomes. METHODS The current study used longitudinal retrospective video analysis to examine object play behaviors of the three groups of infants (total n=92) at two time points (time 1: 9-12 months of age, and time 2: 15-18 months of age). Coding of play behaviors was based on existing literature and distribution of data from the current study. Developmental outcomes examined were measured using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, and a non-verbal developmental quotient calculated using visual reception scores from the Mullen Scales for Early Learning. RESULTS Results indicate group differences in play, with infants later diagnosed with ASD showing significantly less sophisticated play than those with typical development. In addition, modest but significant correlations were found between highest level of play achieved at time 2 (15-18 months) and later outcomes for those with developmental disorders, including ASD. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Results suggest that examination of infant play behaviors is important for early screening and intervention planning to potentially mitigate effects on later developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn P Wilson
- Towson University Department of Audiology, Speech-Language Pathology, and Deaf Studies; 8000 York Road Towson, MD 21252; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Allied Health Sciences; Bondurant Hall CB #7120 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-712;
| | - Mary W Carter
- Towson University Department of Interprofessional Health Studies; 8000 York Rd Towson, MD 21252;
| | - Heather L Wiener
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Allied Health Sciences; Bondurant Hall CB #7120 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7120,
| | - Margaret L DeRamus
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Allied Health Sciences; Bondurant Hall CB #7120 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7120;
| | - John C Bulluck
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Allied Health Sciences; Program for Early Autism Research, Leadership & Service, Bondurant Hall CB #7120 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7120;
| | - Linda R Watson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Allied Health Sciences; Program for Early Autism Research, Leadership & Service, Bondurant Hall CB #7120 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7120;
| | - Elizabeth R Crais
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Allied Health Sciences; Program for Early Autism Research, Leadership & Service, Bondurant Hall CB #7120 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7120;
| | - Grace T Baranek
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Allied Health Sciences; Program for Early Autism Research, Leadership & Service, Bondurant Hall CB #7120 Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7120;
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42
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Paquet A, Olliac B, Bouvard MP, Golse B, Vaivre-Douret L. The Semiology of Motor Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorders as Highlighted from a Standardized Neuro-Psychomotor Assessment. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1292. [PMID: 27672371 PMCID: PMC5018946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Altered motor performance has been described in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) with disturbances in walking; posture, coordination, or arm movements, but some individuals with ASD show no impairment of motor skills. The neuro-developmental processes that underpin the performance of neuro-psychomotor functions have not been widely explored, nor is it clear whether there are neuro-psychomotor functions specifically affected in ASD. Our objective was to focus on the semiology of motor disorders among children with ASD using a neuro-developmental assessment tool. Method: Thirty-four children with ASD, with or without intellectual deficit (ID) were recruited in a child psychiatry department and Autism Resource Centers. Initial standard evaluations for diagnosis (psychiatric; psychological; psychomotor) were supplemented by a standardized assessment battery for neuro-developmental psychomotor functions (NP-MOT). Results: The results of some NP-MOT tests differed between children with ASD with ID and those without. However, on the NP-MOT battery, neither of the two groups did well in the bi-manual and finger praxia tests (36 and 52% respectively failed). Manual and digital gnosopraxia showed some deficit (63 and 62% respectively failed). Postural deficits were found in tests for both static equilibrium (64%) and dynamic (52%). There were also difficulties in coordination between the upper and lower limbs in 58% of children. We found 75% failure in motor skills on the M-ABC test. Concerning muscular tone, significant laxity was observed in distal parts of the body (feet and hands), but hypertonia was observed in the proximal muscles of the lower limbs (reduced heel-ear angle). Discussion: The results of manual and digital gnosopraxia tests point to a planning deficit in children with autism. A gesture programming deficit is also highlighted by the poor results in manual praxis, and by failures in the M-ABC tests despite prior training of the child. However, concerning global motor function, a significant difference was observed between children with and without ID. Our findings suggest a semiology of tone deregulation between proximal versus distal muscles, indeterminate tonic laterality, postural control deficit (proprioceptive), impairment of inter-hemispheric coordination (corpus callosum), and neurological soft signs such asdysdiadochokinesia, which leads us to hypothesize a general impairment of motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Paquet
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-CitéParis, France; Department of Child Psychiatry, AP-HP Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalParis, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1018 and CESP, Universities of Paris-Saclay and Paris-Sud, UVSQVillejuif, France; Department of Child and the Adolescent Psychiatry, Esquirol HospitalLimoges, France
| | - Bertrand Olliac
- Department of Child and the Adolescent Psychiatry, Esquirol HospitalLimoges, France; INSERM UMR 1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, University of LimogesLimoges, France
| | - Manuel-Pierre Bouvard
- Department of Child and the Adolescent Psychiatry, Perrens Hospital, Université de BordeauxBordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5287, Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, University of BordeauxBordeaux, France
| | - Bernard Golse
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-CitéParis, France; Department of Child Psychiatry, AP-HP Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalParis, France
| | - Laurence Vaivre-Douret
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris-CitéParis, France; Department of Child Psychiatry, AP-HP Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalParis, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale UMR 1018 and CESP, Universities of Paris-Saclay and Paris-Sud, UVSQVillejuif, France; Department of Pediatrics, Child development, Cochin-Port Royal University Hospitals, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisParis, France; Endocrinology Laboratory, Imagine Institut, Necker-Enfants Malades University HospitalParis, France
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43
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Bernabei P, Camaigni L, Levi G. An Evaluation of Early Development in Children with Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders from Home Movies: Preliminary Findings. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361398023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Family videos of 10 children later diagnosed as having autism or pervasive developmental disorders were analysed using a newly devised instrument. The checklist comprises 3 0 individual items and 20 functional categories. It evaluates behaviours in three areas: social interaction, communication and language, functional and symbolic play. The age range covered by home movies was divided into four periods (0-6, 6-12, 12-18 and 18-24 months) and analysed accordingly. The checklist data allow for the derivation of a general developmental profile as well as individual profiles. The most common profile was one in which children made progress from the first to the second or third age period, whereas from the second or third to the fourth period they showed a loss of previously mastered behaviours. The loss was statistically significant in socio-interactive behaviours, less evident in communication/language, and moderate in the area of action schemes and play. Mutual attention (dyadic eye contact), attachment behaviours, emotional reactions and vocalizations were present in almost all the children studied. On the other hand, communicative gestures (pointing, showing, ritualized requests), pretend play and conventional social games were rarely observed. The implications of these results for early diagnosis as well as for theories of early development in autism and severe developmental disorders are briefly discussed.
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44
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Hadwin J, Hutley G. Detecting Features of Autism in Thousand Oaks and New Delhi, Children with Severe Learnin Difficulties: A Brief Report. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1362361398023005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire to identify specific behaviours that differentiate children with severe learning difficulties with autism from children with severe learning difficulties without autism. Using teachers' reports of current behaviour, the results showed that six behaviours significantly differentiated these two groups of children. Children in the autism group showed less joint attention (pointing for interest and showing) and less eye gaze (in general and to clarify ambiguity). In addition, they showed less functional and imaginative play and more unusual or restricted interests and stereotyped motor behaviours.
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45
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Positive affect in infant siblings of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 43:567-75. [PMID: 25117578 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-014-9921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Research on the expression of positive affect in young children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) suggests that differences in this domain emerge late in the first year or early in the second year. However, many previous studies in this area employed retrospective research methods and global rating schemes. In the current study, the expression of positive affect was examined prospectively at ages 6, 12, and 18 months in three groups: infant siblings with ASD, infant siblings without ASD, and low-risk comparison infants. Infant siblings were the younger brothers or sisters of children diagnosed with ASD and, therefore, had a higher familial risk of ASD. The frequency and duration of smiles were coded from video excerpts from the Autism Observation Scale for Infants (Bryson, Zwaigenbaum, McDermott, Rombough, and Brian 2008), a standardized, play-based assessment of early signs of ASD. Results indicated that at 12 months, infant siblings with ASD had a lower rate of smiling than the other two groups. At 18 months, infant siblings with ASD continued to display a lower rate of smiling than infant siblings without ASD, but not comparison infants. Overall, these results indicate that infant siblings with ASD demonstrate less positive affect than infant siblings without ASD and low-risk comparison infants at 12 months. This suggests that reduced smiling may be an informative behavioural risk marker for ASD by children's first birthdays and may have implications for our understanding of atypical social development in children with ASD.
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46
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Ohkita M, Nagasawa M, Kazutaka M, Kikusui T. Owners' direct gazes increase dogs' attention-getting behaviors. Behav Processes 2016; 125:96-100. [PMID: 26915425 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether dogs gain information about human's attention via their gazes and whether they change their attention-getting behaviors (i.e., whining and whimpering, looking at their owners' faces, pawing, and approaching their owners) in response to their owners' direct gazes. The results showed that when the owners gazed at their dogs, the durations of whining and whimpering and looking at the owners' faces were longer than when the owners averted their gazes. In contrast, there were no differences in duration of pawing and likelihood of approaching the owners between the direct and averted gaze conditions. Therefore, owners' direct gazes increased the behaviors that acted as distant signals and did not necessarily involve touching the owners. We suggest that dogs are sensitive to human gazes, and this sensitivity may act as attachment signals to humans, and may contribute to close relationships between humans and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miho Nagasawa
- Jichi Medical University, Japan; Azabu University, Japan
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47
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Early Identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Current Challenges and Future Global Directions. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40474-016-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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48
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Pineda R, Melchior K, Oberle S, Inder T, Rogers C. Assessment of Autism Symptoms During the Neonatal Period: Is There Early Evidence of Autism Risk? Am J Occup Ther 2015; 69:6904220010p1-11. [PMID: 26114457 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2015.015925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define neonatal social characteristics related to autism risk. METHOD Sixty-two preterm infants underwent neonatal neurobehavioral testing. At age 2 yr, participants were assessed with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition. RESULTS Positive autism screening was associated with absence of gaze aversion, χ=5.90, p=01, odds ratio=5.05, and absence of endpoint nystagmus, χ=4.78, p=.02, odds ratio=8.47. Demonstrating gaze aversion was related to better language outcomes, t(55)=-3.07, p≤.003. Displaying endpoint nystagmus was related to better language outcomes, t(61)=-3.06, p=.003, cognitive outcomes, t(63)=-5.04, p<.001, and motor outcomes, t(62)=-2.82, p=.006. CONCLUSION Atypical social interactions were not observed among infants who later screened positive for autism. Instead, the presence of gaze aversion and endpoint nystagmus was related to better developmental outcomes. Understanding early behaviors associated with autism may enable early identification and lead to timely therapy activation to improve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pineda
- Roberta Pineda, PhD, OTR/L, is Assistant Professor, Program in Occupational Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO;
| | - Kelsey Melchior
- Kelsey Melchior, MSOT, is Occupational Therapy Student, Program in Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sarah Oberle
- Sarah Oberle, OTD, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist, Program in Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Terrie Inder
- Terrie Inder, MD, is Mary Ellen Avery Professor in Pediatrics in the Field of Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and Professor in Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Cynthia Rogers
- Cynthia Rogers, MD, is Assistant Professor, Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
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The Effects of Rhythm and Robotic Interventions on the Imitation/Praxis, Interpersonal Synchrony, and Motor Performance of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. AUTISM RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2015; 2015:736516. [PMID: 26793394 PMCID: PMC4697072 DOI: 10.1155/2015/736516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of three interventions, rhythm, robotic, and standard-of-care, on the imitation/praxis, interpersonal synchrony, and overall motor performance of 36 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) between 5 and 12 years of age. Children were matched on age, level of functioning, and services received, prior to random assignment to one of the three groups. Training was provided for 8 weeks with 4 sessions provided each week. We assessed generalized changes in motor skills from the pretest to the posttest using a standardized test of motor performance, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition (BOT-2). We also assessed training-specific changes in imitation/praxis and interpersonal synchrony during an early and a late session. Consistent with the training activities practiced, the rhythm and robot groups improved on the body coordination composite of the BOT-2, whereas the comparison group improved on the fine manual control composite of the BOT-2. All three groups demonstrated improvements in imitation/praxis. The rhythm and robot groups also showed improved interpersonal synchrony performance from the early to the late session. Overall, socially embedded movement-based contexts are valuable in promoting imitation/praxis, interpersonal synchrony, and motor performance and should be included within the standard-of-care treatment for children with ASD.
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50
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Paquet A, Olliac B, Golse B, Vaivre-Douret L. [Formula: see text]Current knowledge on motor disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Child Neuropsychol 2015; 22:763-94. [PMID: 26416608 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2015.1085501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Motor symptomatology in autism is currently poorly understood, and still not included in the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnostic criteria, although some studies suggest the presence of motor disturbances in this syndrome. We provide here a literature review on early motor symptoms in autism, focusing on studies on psychomotor issues (tone, postural control, manual dexterity, handedness, praxis). The approach adopted in research to study altered motor behaviors is generally global and there is no detailed semiology of the motor or neuromotor disorders observed in people with ASD. This global approach does not enable understanding of the neuro-developmental mechanisms involved in ASD. Identification of clinical neuro-psychomotor profiles in reference to a standard would help to better understand the origin and the nature of the disorders encountered in ASD, and would thus give new directions for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paquet
- a Department of Psychology , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c INSERM, UMR1178 , University of Paris-Sud and Paris Descartes , Paris , France.,d Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hospital Center Esquirol , Limoges , France
| | - B Olliac
- d Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Hospital Center Esquirol , Limoges , France.,e INSERM, U 1094 Tropical Neuroepidemiology , Limoges University , Limoges , France
| | - B Golse
- a Department of Psychology , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,b Department of Medicine , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c INSERM, UMR1178 , University of Paris-Sud and Paris Descartes , Paris , France.,f Department of Child Psychiatry , AP-HP Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital , Paris , France
| | - L Vaivre-Douret
- a Department of Psychology , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,b Department of Medicine , University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.,c INSERM, UMR1178 , University of Paris-Sud and Paris Descartes , Paris , France.,f Department of Child Psychiatry , AP-HP Necker Enfants-Malades University Hospital , Paris , France.,g Department of Pediatrics , AP-HP Paris Centre Cochin-Port-Royal University Hospital , Paris , France
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