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Hypertension modifies OPG, RANK, and RANKL expression during the dental socket bone healing process in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:1319-27. [PMID: 25563972 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental socket bone healing process by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ (RANK), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL) proteins in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Under general anesthesia, 25 Wistar rats and 25 SHRs underwent upper right incisor extraction. Rats were euthanized after 7, 14, 21, 28, or 42 days of dental extractions. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses of OPG, RANK, and RANKL proteins were performed. RESULTS Histomorphometric results showed decreased bone healing and reduced bone trabecular thickness in SHRs. Immunohistochemical reactions showed intense RANKL and RANK immunolabeling at 14 and 28 postoperative days and mild OPG immunolabeling at 7, 14, and 21 days after surgery in SHRs. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that RANK, RANKL, and OPG immunolabeling was altered in SHRs, and these results are associated with bone healing delay and decreased trabecular thickness in SHRs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Hypertension alters the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG and delays the socket bone healing process. These alterations could influence some dental procedures such as orthodontic treatment and implant placement.
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Picco DC, Costa LF, Delbem AC, Sassaki KT, Sumida DH, Antoniali C. Spontaneously hypertensive rat as experimental model of salivary hypofunction. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1320-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Manrique N, Pereira CCS, Garcia LMG, Micaroni S, Carvalho AAFD, Perri SHV, Okamoto R, Sumida DH, Antoniali C. Alveolar bone healing process in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). A radiographic densitometry study. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 20:222-7. [PMID: 22666841 PMCID: PMC3894767 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572012000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypertension is one of the most important public health problems worldwide. If undiagnosed or untreated, this pathology represents a systemic risk factor and offers unfavorable conditions for dental treatments, especially those requiring bone healing. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to demonstrate, by analysis of bone mineral density (BMD), that the alveolar bone healing process is altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar rats and SHRs were submitted to extraction of the upper right incisor and were euthanized 7, 14, 21, 28 and 42 days after surgery. Right maxillae were collected, radiographed and analyzed using Digora software. BMD was expressed as minimum (min), middle (med) and maximum (max) in the medium (MT) and apical (AT) thirds of the dental alveolus. RESULTS The results were compared across days and groups. Wistar showed difference in med and max BMD in the MT between 7 and 28 and also between 14 and 28 days. The AT exhibited significant difference in med and min BMD between 7 and 28 days, as well as difference in min BMD between 28 and 42 days. SHRs showed lower med BMD in the MT at 28 days when compared to 21 and 42 days. Differences were observed across groups in med and min BMD at day 28 in the MT and AT; and in max BMD at 14, 21 and 42 days in the MT. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the alveolar bone healing process is delayed in SHRs comparing with Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manrique
- Department of Pediatric and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Univ. Estadual Paulista, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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Orlov SN, Adragna NC, Adarichev VA, Hamet P. Genetic and biochemical determinants of abnormal monovalent ion transport in primary hypertension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 276:C511-36. [PMID: 10069978 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.3.c511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Data obtained during the last two decades show that spontaneously hypertensive rats, an acceptable experimental model of primary human hypertension, possess increased activity of both ubiquitous and renal cell-specific isoforms of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter. Abnormalities of these ion transporters have been found in patients suffering from essential hypertension. Recent genetic studies demonstrate that genes encoding the beta- and gamma-subunits of ENaC, a renal cell-specific isoform of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, and alpha3-, alpha1-, and beta2-subunits of the Na+-K+ pump are localized within quantitative trait loci (QTL) for elevated blood pressure as well as for enhanced heart-to-body weight ratio, proteinuria, phosphate excretion, and stroke latency. On the basis of the homology of genome maps, several other genes encoding these transporters, as well as the Na+/H+ exchanger and Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, can be predicted in QTL related to the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, despite their location within QTL, analysis of cDNA structure did not reveal any mutation in the coding region of the above-listed transporters in primary hypertension, with the exception of G276L substitution in the alpha1-Na+-K+ pump from Dahl salt-sensitive rats and a higher occurrence of T594M mutation of beta-ENaC in the black population with essential hypertension. These results suggest that, in contrast to Mendelian forms of hypertension, the altered activity of monovalent ion transporters in primary hypertension is caused by abnormalities of systems involved in the regulation of their expression and/or function. Further analysis of QTL in F2 hybrids of normotensive and hypertensive rats and in affected sibling pairs will allow mapping of genes causing abnormalities of these regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Orlov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Centre de Recherche de L'Université de Montreal, Campus Hotel-Dieu, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Stratton PD, Ritter JM. Influence of sex on sodium-proton exchange-dependent swelling of platelets from patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1997; 15:1403-6. [PMID: 9431845 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199715120-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether sex influences the rate of sodium-proton (Na+-H+)-exchange-dependent swelling of platelets from patients with essential hypertension and normotensive controls. METHOD Platelet swelling was detected by measuring the change in optical density of platelet suspensions added to sodium propionate buffer, pH 6.7, at 37 degrees C. We studied 56 subjects, 28 men and 28 women, each group containing 14 normotensive and 14 hypertensive subjects. The groups were well matched for sex, ethnicity and age. RESULTS That platelet swelling was dependent on Na+-H+ exchange was demonstrated by performing blockade by 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)-amiloride and by measuring its dependence on extracellular Na+ concentration. The rate of swelling of platelets from hypertensive men [(14.2 +/- 0.9) x 10(-3)/s] was higher than that of those from normotensive men [(10.1 +/- 0.5) x 10(-3)/s], normotensive women [(10.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(-3)/s] and hypertensive [(11.1 +/- 0.8) x 10(-3)/s] women. The interaction between sex and hypertension was significant (P < 0.05 by analysis of variance). CONCLUSIONS Sex influences the effect of hypertension on the rate of swelling of platelets exposed to sodium propionate (pH 6.7).
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Stratton
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, UMDS, London, UK
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Zicha J, Kunes J, Ben-Ishay D, Devynck MA. Abnormal regulation of cytosolic calcium and pH in platelets of Sabra rats in early phases of salt hypertension development. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1996. [DOI: 10.1139/y96-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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LaPointe MS, Ye M, Moe OW, Alpern RJ, Batlle DC. Na+/H+ antiporter (NHE-1 isoform) in cultured vascular smooth muscle from the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Kidney Int 1995; 47:78-87. [PMID: 7731174 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1995.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An increase in Na+/H+ antiporter activity may be involved in hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and possibly in the vascular hyperplasia characteristic of hypertension. The present study was designed to examine cell proliferation, Na+/H+ exchange activity, and mRNA levels of the NHE-1 isoform of the Na+/H+ antiporter in cultured aortic VSMC derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and from normotensive controls, the Wistar/Kyoto rat (WKY). VSMC derived from the SHR grown in early (2 to 6), but not in later (7 to 10) sub-passages, exhibited an increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation and shorter doubling times as compared to those derived from WKY rats. Na+/H+ exchange activity assayed in the nominal absence of HCO3-/CO2, as the rate of intracellular pH (pHi) recovery after cell acidification was significantly higher in cells from SHR than in those from WKY rats when cells were studied in early sub-passages, but not in cells studied in later sub-passages. In cells grown in early sub-passage, Na+/H+ exchange activity assessed as the initial rate of Na+i accumulation following acute cell acidification was also significantly higher in SHR than WKY cells both in the nominal absence (10.22 +/- 1.15 and 6.98 +/- 1.17 mmol Na+i/90 seconds, P < 0.05, respectively) and in the presence of HCO3-/CO2 (9.94 +/- 1.02 and 5.59 +/- 0.86 mmol Na+/90 seconds, P < 0.01, respectively). There were no detectable differences in the level of steady-state Na+/H+ antiporter (NHE-1) mRNA between VSMC from SHR and WKY rats. Our findings indicate that Na+/H+ exchange activity is increased in cultured aortic VSMC derived from SHR as compared to those derived from WKY rats. The higher functional activity of the Na+/H+ antiporter in VSMC from the SHR is due to a post-transcriptional event(s) and may be related to enhanced growth in culture.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic
- Cell Division
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Hypertension/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/chemistry
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Sodium/metabolism
- Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- M S LaPointe
- Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hoffmann G, Ko Y, Sachinidis A, Göbel BO, Vetter H, Rosskopf D, Siffert W, Düsing R. Kinetics of Na+/H+ exchange in vascular smooth muscle cells from WKY and SHR: effects of phorbol ester. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1995; 268:C14-20. [PMID: 7840142 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.268.1.c14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic properties of Na+/H+ exchange were investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in culture from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Antiport activity was measured in 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein-loaded cells after nigericin-induced cytosolic acidification. Studies were performed without (control) and with pretreatment of the cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 200 nM). Na+/H+ exchange markedly differed between the two strains with lower Hill coefficients [1.56 +/- 0.17 (SE) vs. 2.62 +/- 0.36] and higher maximal activity (Vmax) values (55.85 +/- 5.24 vs. 31.11 +/- 2.38 mmol H+.l-1.min-1) in SHR compared with WKY cell lines. PMA markedly altered the antiport kinetics in WKY VSMC with a decrease in the Hill coefficient (1.75 +/- 0.14) without affecting Vmax (31.88 +/- 1.55 mmol H+.l-1.min-1). In VSMC from SHR, PMA had no effect on the kinetic variables investigated. Thus two kinetic abnormalities are present with respect to Na+/H+ antiport activity in VSMC from SHR compared with WKY, i.e., increased Vmax and decreased Hill coefficient. The observation that PMA does not affect the kinetics of the Na+/H+ antiport in VSMC from SHR suggests a marked degree of antiporter prestimulation in this animal model of genetic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hoffmann
- Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik, Bonn, Germany
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Tepel M, Klaus T, Laukemper S, Zidek W. Reduced sodium-proton exchange activity in lymphocytes from transgenic rats. Hypertension 1994; 24:357-61. [PMID: 8082942 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.24.3.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated sodium-proton (Na(+)-H+) exchange activity in transgenic TGR(mRen-2)27 rats, a strain showing fulminant hypertension after the mouse Ren-2d renin gene has been integrated into its genome, in age-matched normotensive Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) from the Münster strain, and in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. From each strain Na(+)-H+ exchange activity was determined in lymphocytes using the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein acetoxymethyl ester (BCECF-AM) by measuring the recovery rate of cytosolic pH (pHi) after intracellular acidification. Resting pHi was not significantly different in transgenic rats (n = 10) compared with SD rats (n = 10) (7.305 +/- 0.038 versus 7.337 +/- 0.031; mean +/- SEM), but resting pHi was significantly lower in lymphocytes from SHR (n = 12) compared with their normotensive WKY counterparts (n = 12) (7.232 +/- 0.030 versus 7.377 +/- 0.022; P < .01). Na(+)-H+ exchange activity was significantly lower in lymphocytes from transgenic rats compared with SD rats (5.102 +/- 0.561 versus 7.385 +/- 0.491 x 10(-3) dpHi/s; P < .01), whereas Na(+)-H+ exchange was significantly enhanced in lymphocytes from SHR compared with WKY rats (5.564 +/- 0.432 versus 3.921 +/- 0.433 x 10(-3) dpHi/s; P < .05). The apparent half-maximal activation of Na(+)-H+ exchange was not significantly different in the strains tested. The present study indicates that hypertension in transgenic rats is not related to Na(+)-H+ exchange overactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tepel
- Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik, University of Münster, Germany
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Aviv A. The lymphocyte Na+/H+ antiport and its activation by increased NaCl intake: the link with salt sensitivity and cellular Ca2+ regulation. Eur J Clin Invest 1994; 24:525-8. [PMID: 7982439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1994.tb01102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Aviv
- Hypertension Research Center, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2714
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Redon J, Batlle D. Regulation of intracellular pH in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Role of bicarbonate-dependent transporters. Hypertension 1994; 23:503-12. [PMID: 8144220 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.23.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies that have evaluated the Na(+)-H+ antiporter in cells from hypertensive subjects were generally performed under conditions in which HCO3-CO2, the physiological buffer system, was absent from the assay media. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of the Na(+)-H+ antiporter and that of the Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchangers in cells assayed in the presence of HCO3-CO2 in the media. Lymphocytes from 6- to 8-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were obtained from the thymus gland and assayed immediately after isolation. The activity of the Na(+)-H+ antiporter after stimulation by cell acidification (pHi approximately 6.4) was similar in SHR and WKY rats (18.67 +/- 1.03 and 16.12 +/- 0.92 mmol H+/L per minute, respectively). Recovery from cell alkalinization was effected by an Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger, with maximal activity at an alkaline pHi (approximately 7.7). The stimulated activity of this Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger was also not different between SHR and WKY cells (2.65 +/- 0.25 and 2.55 +/- 0.32 mmol H+/L per minute, respectively). Acute chloride removal produced a rise in pHi that was Na(+)-dependent and sensitive to 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) but resistant to ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA), reflecting the activity of an Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger. Unlike the Na(+)-H+ exchanger and the Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger, which had their highest activities at extremes of pHi (low pHi, Na(+)-H+ exchanger, and high pHi, Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger), the Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger had its maximal activity near steady-state pHi (approximately 7.1). No significant differences were found in the stimulated activity of this exchanger between cells from SHR and WKY rats (2.23 +/- 0.26 and 2.50 +/- 0.43 mmol H+/L per minute, respectively). The kinetic properties of the Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger, examined as a function of external Cl-, were also virtually identical in cells from SHR and WKY rats. We conclude that in lymphocytes from SHR and WKY rats, the activity of the two Cl(-)-HCO3- exchangers, like that of the Na(+)-H+ exchanger, is dependent on the prevailing pHi. The Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)-HCO3- exchanger has its highest activity near steady-state pHi, suggesting an important role in the cell defense against intracellular acidosis under physiological conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J Redon
- Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Alonso A, Arrázola A, Garciandía A, Esparza N, Gómez-Alamillo C, Díez J. Erythrocyte anion exchanger activity and intracellular pH in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1993; 22:348-56. [PMID: 8394284 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.22.3.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the activity of the sodium-independent chloride-bicarbonate anion exchanger and the sodium-proton exchanger in erythrocytes of 30 normotensive and 35 hypertensive subjects and its relation to the previously reported decrease in erythrocyte pH. Erythrocyte cytosolic pH was measured by the pH-sensitive fluorescent probe 2'-7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)- 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. The activity of the anion exchanger was determined by acidifying cell pH and measuring the initial rate of the net sodium-independent, 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid-sensitive, bicarbonate influx driven by an outward proton gradient. The activity of the sodium-proton exchanger was determined by acidifying cell pH and measuring the initial rate of the net sodium-dependent proton efflux driven by an outward proton gradient. The activity of the anion exchanger was higher in hypertensive than control individuals (18,863 +/- 1081 vs 15,629 +/- 897 mmol/L cells per hour, P < .05). The activity of the sodium-proton exchanger was higher in hypertensive than control individuals (301 +/- 45 vs 162 +/- 23 mmol/L cells per hour, P < .005). Basal erythrocyte pH was lower in hypertensive than control individuals (7.27 +/- 0.02 vs 7.33 +/- 0.01, mean +/- SEM, P < .05). With the 100% confidence (lower) limit of the normotensive population as a cutoff point, a subgroup of 11 hypertensive patients had an abnormally low erythrocyte pH (< 7.19).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alonso
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Li DY, Kobayashi A, Nara Y, Ikeda K, Mori C, Yamori Y. Intracellular pH and sodium-proton exchange activity of lymphocytes in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1991; 18:589-92. [PMID: 1659957 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01630.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. At the age of 20 weeks, intracellular pH (pHi) of circulating lymphocytes suspended in HCO(3-)-free NaCl media was not significantly different between stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). 2. The initial recovery rate of pHi in lymphocytes tended to be greater in SHRSP than in WKY after the addition of 60 mmol/L or 120 mmol/L of NaCl, but there was no statistically significant difference. 3. The H+ equivalent efflux rate, which was a true reflection of Na(+)-H(+) activity, was significantly greater in SHRSP than in WKY (P less than 0.05). The difference in H+ equivalent efflux rate was not due to the difference in cellular buffering power between the two groups (P greater than 0.05). An increased Na(+)-H(+) exchange activity may play a partial role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Japan
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