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Mawkili A. Great saphenous vein suppurative thrombophlebitis due to Fusobacterium necrophorum infection. SAUDI JOURNAL FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_67_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ahmad S, Cutrone M, Ikram S, Yousaf A. Septic discitis and septic pulmonary emboli: rare complications of Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e243785. [PMID: 34426427 PMCID: PMC8383856 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-243785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a gram-negative bacterium frequently considered a pathogen of the urinary tract. Septic discitis and septic pulmonary emboli resulting from P. mirabilis urosepsis is a rare phenomenon. We report a 39-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital with a complicated urinary tract infection resulting in bacteraemia, septic discitis, paraspinal abscesses and septic emboli. She was treated with a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics resulting in the clinical resolution of her symptoms. Based on our PubMed search of the English literature, this is only the second reported case of septic discitis caused by P. mirabilis This paper illustrates that physicians should include septic discitis caused by P. mirabilis as a possible aetiology of low back pain in patients with active or recently treated urinary tract infection. Additionally, this article discusses the pathogenesis and other complications resulting from P. mirabilis bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soban Ahmad
- Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Madeleine Cutrone
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sundus Ikram
- General Surgery, SEGi University College Kota Damansara, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Amman Yousaf
- Internal Medicine, McLaren Health Care Corp, Flint, Michigan, USA
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Colomba C, Campa L, Siracusa L, Giordano S, Vella MC, Corsello G, Giuffrè M, Cascio A. Candida thrombophlebitis in children: a systematic review of the literature. Ital J Pediatr 2020; 46:145. [PMID: 33023609 PMCID: PMC7539504 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-020-00913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe a case of thrombophlebitis associated with Candida infection and to analyze other published reports to define clinical characteristics, prognostic data, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Study design A computerized search was performed without language restriction using PubMed and Scopus databases. An article was considered eligible for inclusion if it reported cases with Candida thrombophlebitis. Our case was also included in the analysis. Results A total of 16 articles reporting 27 cases of Candida thrombophlebitis were included in our review. The median age of patients was 4 years. In 10 cases there was a thrombophlebitis of peripheral veins; in the remaining cases the deep venous circle was interested. Candida albicans was the most frequently involved fungal species. The most recurrent risk factors were central venous catheter (19/28), broad spectrum antibiotics (17/28), intensive care unit (8/28), surgery (3/28), mechanical assisted ventilation (5/28), total parenteral nutrition (8/28), cancer (2/28), premature birth (6/28), cystic fibrosis (2/28). Fever was the most frequent clinical feature. All children with peripheral and deep thrombophlebitis were given antifungal therapy: amphotericin B was the most used, alone or in combination with other antifungal drugs. Heparin was most frequently used as anticoagulant therapy. Illness was fatal in two cases. Conclusion Candida thrombophlebitis is a rare but likely underdiagnosed infectious complication in pediatric critically ill patients. It is closely connected to risk factors such as central venous catheter, hospitalization in intensive care unit, prematurity, assisted ventilation, chronic inflammatory diseases. Antifungal therapy and anticoagulant drugs should be optimized for each patient and surgical resection is considered in the persistence of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Colomba
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Campa
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lucia Siracusa
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, "G. Di Cristina" Hospital, ARNAS Civico, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giordano
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, "G. Di Cristina" Hospital, ARNAS Civico, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria C Vella
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Hosokawa T, Shibuki S, Tanami Y, Sato Y, Ko Y, Nomura K, Oguma E. Extracardiac Complications in Intensive Care Units after Surgical Repair for Congenital Heart Disease: Imaging Review with a Focus on Ultrasound and Radiography. J Pediatr Intensive Care 2020; 10:85-105. [PMID: 33884209 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric patients show various extracardiac complications after cardiovascular surgery, and radiography and ultrasound are routinely performed in the intensive care unit to detect and evaluate these complications. This review presents images of these complications, sonographic approach, and timing of occurrence that are categorized based on their extracardiac locations and include complications pertaining to the central nervous system, mediastinum, thorax and lung parenchyma, diaphragm, liver and biliary system, and kidney along with pleural effusion and iatrogenic complications. This pictorial review will make it easier for medical doctors in intensive care units to identify and manage various extracardiac complications in pediatric patients after cardiovascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Saki Shibuki
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tanami
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Sato
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ko
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koji Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiji Oguma
- Department of Radiology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Wilson Dib R, Chaftari AM, Hachem RY, Yuan Y, Dandachi D, Raad II. Catheter-Related Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia and Septic Thrombosis: The Role of Anticoagulation Therapy and Duration of Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018; 5:ofy249. [PMID: 30377625 PMCID: PMC6201151 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Catheter-related septic thrombosis is suspected in patients with persistent central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) after 72 hours of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. The clinical diagnosis and management of this entity can be challenging as limited data are available. We retrospectively studied the clinical characteristics of patients with Staphylococcus aureus catheter-related septic thrombosis and the outcomes related to different management strategies. Methods This retrospective study included patients with CLABSI due to S. aureus who had concomitant radiographic evidence of catheter site thrombosis treated at our institution between the years 2005 and 2016. We collected data pertaining to patients’ medical history, clinical presentation, management, and outcome within 3 months of bacteremia onset. Results A total of 128 patients were included. We found no significant difference in overall outcome between patients who had deep vs superficial thrombosis. Patients with superficial thrombosis were found to have a higher rate of pulmonary complications (25% vs 6%; P = .01) compared with those with deep thrombosis. Patients who received less than 28 days of intravascular antibiotic therapy had higher all-cause mortality (31 vs 5%; P = .001). A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified 2 predictors of treatment failure: ICU admission during their illness (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–6.99; P = .034) and not receiving anticoagulation therapy (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11–0.54; P < .001). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the presence of S. aureus CLABSI in the setting of catheter-related thrombosis may warrant prolonged intravascular antimicrobial therapy and administration of anticoagulation therapy in critically ill cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Wilson Dib
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anne-Marie Chaftari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ray Y Hachem
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dima Dandachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Issam I Raad
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Shahani L. Diagnostic approach in persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-221073. [PMID: 28784899 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-221073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of bacteraemia and can lead to complicated infections that may be difficult to diagnose and hence lead to higher morbidity. Failure to identify such could lead to severe complications or relapsing bacteraemia due to inadequate treatment. The authors report a patient presenting with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia and septic arthritis, who developed a complicated infection with multiple metastasis and persistent bacteraemia despite adequate treatment. A fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography scan 2 weeks after the initial presentation identified a linear area of intense FDG uptake within the right upper extremity which raised suspicion for an infected thrombus within the right cephalic vein. Adequate treatment of the infected thrombus helped resolve the patient's persistent MRSA bacteraemia and complicated infection. This case highlights the importance of considering suppurative thrombophlebitis in the setting of persistent bacteraemia and metastatic infections due to MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Shahani
- University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Al-Benna S, O'Boyle C, Holley J. Extravasation injuries in adults. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:856541. [PMID: 23738141 PMCID: PMC3664495 DOI: 10.1155/2013/856541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insertion of an intravascular catheter is one of the most common invasive procedures in hospitals worldwide. These intravascular lines are crucial in resuscitation, allow vital medication to be administered, and can be used to monitor the patients' real-time vital parameters. There is, however, growing recognition of potential risks to life and limb associated with their use. Medical literature is now replete with isolated case reports of complications succinctly described by Garden and Laussen (2004) as "An unending supply of "unusual" complications from central venous catheters." This paper reviews complications of venous and arterial catheters and discusses treatment approaches and methods to prevent complications, based on current evidence and endeavours to provide information and guidance that will enable practitioners to prevent, recognise, and successfully treat extravasation injuries in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Al-Benna
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
- *S. Al-Benna:
| | - C. O'Boyle
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - J. Holley
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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Point-of-care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Peripheral Vein Septic Thrombophlebitis in the Emergency Department. J Emerg Med 2013; 44:183-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O'Grady NP, Raad II, Rijnders BJA, Sherertz RJ, Warren DK. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49:1-45. [PMID: 19489710 DOI: 10.1086/599376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2232] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
These updated guidelines replace the previous management guidelines published in 2001. The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for patients who either have these infections or may be at risk for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard A Mermel
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Ramasethu J. Complications of vascular catheters in the neonatal intensive care unit. Clin Perinatol 2008; 35:199-222, x. [PMID: 18280883 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of an intravascular catheter is the most common invasive procedure in the neonatal ICU. With every passing decade, technological innovations in catheter materials and sizes have allowed vascular access in infants who are smaller and sicker for purposes of blood pressure monitoring, blood sampling, and infusion of intravenous fluids and medications. There is, however, growing recognition of potential risks to life and limb associated with the use of intravascular catheters. This article reviews complications of venous and arterial catheters in the neonatal ICU and discusses treatment approaches and methods to prevent such complications, based on current evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Ramasethu
- Division of Neonatology, Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Road, NW Suite M 3400, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Yurt RW. Burns and Inhalation Injury. Surgery 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Luis Rodríguez-Peralto J, Carrillo R, Rosales B, Rodríguez-Gil Y. Superficial Thrombophlebitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 26:71-6. [PMID: 17544957 DOI: 10.1016/j.sder.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Superficial thrombophlebitis (STP) is a common disease usually characterized by an auto-resolving vasculitis of medium-sized veins of the upper subcutis or deep dermis that clinically manifests as a tender or painful palpable cord-like structure. It usually occurs in the setting of varicous veins, or hypercoagulable states, and may be the alarm signal for an underlining silent cancer. STP mainly involves the legs, but special locations, including the anterior chest wall or the penis, characterize specific clinical forms (Mondor's disease). The clinical signs and symptoms usually allow an easy diagnosis, but complementary techniques and biopsy are sometimes required. The main histopathologic differential diagnosis of STP is cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa.
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Ahmad A, Hayek B, Poulakidas S, Gamelli R. Orbital cellulitis in a burned child. Burns 2005; 31:650-2. [PMID: 15993311 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2004.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Accepted: 12/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Surgical Critical Care and Burns, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Mermel LA, Farr BM, Sherertz RJ, Raad II, O'Grady N, Harris JS, Craven DE. Guidelines for the management of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:1249-72. [PMID: 11303260 DOI: 10.1086/320001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 957] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L A Mermel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Mermel LA, Farr BM, Sherertz RJ, Raad II, O'Grady N, Harris JS, Craven DE. Guidelines for the management of intravascular catheter-related infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:222-42. [PMID: 11379714 DOI: 10.1086/501893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
These guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American College of Critical Care Medicine (for the Society of Critical Care Medicine), and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America contain recommendations for the management of adults and children with, and diagnosis of infections related to, peripheral and nontunneled central venous catheters (CVCs), pulmonary artery catheters, tunneled central catheters, and implantable devices. The guidelines, written for clinicians, contain IDSA evidence-based recommendations for assessment of the quality and strength of the data. Recommendations are presented according to the type of catheter, the infecting organism, and the associated complications.Intravascular catheter-related infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Coagulase-negative staphylococci,Staphylococcus aureus, aerobic gram-negative bacilli, andCandida albicansmost commonly cause catheter-related bloodstream infection. Management of catheter-related infection varies according to the type of catheter involved. After appropriate cultures of blood and catheter samples are done, empirical iv antimicrobial therapy should be initiated on the basis of clinical clues, the severity of the patient's acute illness, underlying disease, and the potential pathogen (s) involved. In most cases of nontunneled CVC-related bacteremia and fungemia, the CVC should be removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mermel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to present the microbiology and clinical features of six children with superficial suppurative thrombophlebitis (SST) caused by anaerobic bacteria. METHODS A retrospective review of microbiological and clinical data was undertaken. RESULTS Anaerobic bacteria alone were recovered in four instances, and they were mixed with facultative bacteria in two. There were 12 bacterial isolates (10 anaerobic and 2 facultatives). The bacteria were Peptostreptococcus species (four isolates), Prevotella species (three), and one isolate each of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. SST at an intravenous infusion site developed in all but one patient. One patient sustained trauma to the leg, and cellulitis developed. Anaerobes of oral origin (Prevotella and Fusobacterium species) were recovered in scalp vein SST, and of gastrointestinal origin (Bacteroides fragilis) in a lower extremity SST. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential importance of anaerobic bacteria in children with SST.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Brook
- Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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