Acute pancreatitis induced by the measles virus: a case report

The Occurrence of Acute Pancreatitis in Adult Patients during a Measles Outbreak from November 2017 to May 2018 in Southeastern Serbia

Background and Objectives: Although it is believed that measles infections are under control, there is a global reappearance, and their treatment has become more complex as the disease is followed by a relatively high incidence of complications. This study, conducted on patients during a measles outbreak from November 2017 to May 2018, aims to evaluate a rarely reported complication of measles, acute morbilous pancreatitis (AMP), which has been reported in several cases to date. Materials and Methods: A total of 207 patients admitted and treated at the Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center Nis, for measles infection were included in the analysis. The data collected from the patient's medical records included the demographic characteristics, disease duration, full blood, serum, and urine biochemical analysis, general measles-associated symptoms, and disease outcome. Results: According to the serum and urine amylase activity, and some clinical symptoms AMP were diagnosed in 14% (29/207) of the studied patients. These patients had significantly higher levels of ALT and vomited more frequently than the patients without AMP. Only slight differences in measles duration, changes in RBC count, and CRP levels were found between the males and females with AMP. Conclusions: Acute morbillous pancreatitis should not be underestimated as a complication, even though according to the results of our survey, it was not associated with a fatal outcome or disease severity as the course of it can be frequently rapid and fatal.

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Measles Encephalitis and Acute Pancreatitis in a Young Adult

Although rare, encephalitis and hepatitis are major complications of measles that are more common in adults than in infants. On the other hand, although several other complications of measles, such as pneumonia and myocarditis, are found in all ages, acute pancreatitis in measles is very rare in both children and adults. We describe a 16-year-old female patient with measles encephalitis who developed acute pancreatitis. The response to steroid therapy was favorable.

Uncommon histopathological findings in fatal measles infection: pancreatitis, sialoadenitis and thyroiditis

AIMS

We report uncommon histopathological findings in fatal measles infection.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We describe the autopsies of four patients who died during a measles outbreak in São Paulo, Brazil, in 1997. Two of the patients were children receiving chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, one was an adult with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the fourth was an apparently healthy woman. All patients had their deaths attributed to measles pneumonia. The autopsies revealed extensive giant cell pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage, severe acute pancreatitis, necrotizing sialoadenitis and thyroiditis due to measles. Measles antigen was detected in lung tissue using a monoclonal anti-measles antibody.

CONCLUSIONS

: Pancreatitis, thyroiditis and sialoadenitis are not previously reported histopathological findings in measles infection. Pancreatitis is a potentially severe complication and should be considered when treating patients with atypical measles.