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Smith WR, Sisler IY, Johnson S, Lipato TJ, Newlin JS, Owens ZS, Morgan AM, Treadwell MJ, Polak K. Lessons Learned from Building a Pediatric-to-Adult Sickle Cell Transition Program. South Med J 2019; 112:190-197. [PMID: 30830235 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More effective transitions and transfers of young people with sickle cell disease (SCD) into the adult healthcare setting is a focus of both primary care and specialty care medical organizations. Effective transition and transfer requires six core elements: establishing a policy, tracking progress, administering transition readiness assessments, planning for adult care, transferring to adult care, and integrating into an adult practice. We developed a program using these six core elements. The objective of our report was to assess the development and implementation of this program. METHODS We used the six core elements to develop and implement a program at Virginia Commonwealth University for children and adolescents with SCD to transition to adult health care. RESULTS We assessed individuals' differences by age and grade, their independent living skills, their feelings about moving to adult care; tallied and analyzed several assessment scales; and assessed transfer success and patient retention. CONCLUSIONS The principles and lessons we learned in developing and implementing this program over 5 years, accompanied by caring, flexible, and dedicated care team members, often can overcome even severe barriers to care transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wally R Smith
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, and Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco
| | - India Y Sisler
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, and Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco
| | - Shirley Johnson
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, and Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco
| | - Thokozeni J Lipato
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, and Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco
| | - Jennifer S Newlin
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, and Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco
| | - Zakiya S Owens
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, and Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco
| | - Alma M Morgan
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, and Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco
| | - Marsha J Treadwell
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, and Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco
| | - Kathryn Polak
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, and Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco
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Survey of Physician Perspective towards Management of Pain for Chronic Conditions in the Emergency Department. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:55-70. [PMID: 34528027 DOI: 10.22606/mcmr.2017.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) pain is often acute-on-chronic, likening it to other chronic acute-on-chronic pain conditions. Pain treatment of SCD was already reported as inadequate prior to the current opioid epidemic, but attitudes underlying treatment were understudied. Understanding these attitudes prior to the current epidemic would be revealing. Therefore in 1997, before the current opioid epidemic, we surveyed physicians' attitudes toward pain management and treatment preferences for acute pain exacerbations in the Emergency Department in SCD versus those of chronic pancreatitis and chronic low back pain, two other acute-on-chronic pain diseases. Thirty-nine residency trainees were surveyed in a level one triage hospital. Resident estimates of the rate of opioid addiction in SCD were higher than estimates in both chronic pancreatitis and chronic low back pain. Most residents relied on their personal clinical experience rather than external sources of data or knowledge as the most important driver when they managed chronic pain. This survey research shows that, predating the current opioid epidemic, there was both a backdrop of opioid-phobia and a bias against treating SCD pain compared to other chronic pain conditions among our sample. Repeating this survey research among current training physicians, along with surveys of other attitudes, would provide useful comparisons.
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Adult sickle cell quality-of-life measurement information system (ASCQ-Me): conceptual model based on review of the literature and formative research. Clin J Pain 2015; 30:902-14. [PMID: 24300219 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research-derived evidence about the impact of sickle cell disease (SCD) on the lives of affected adults is lacking. We conducted formative research to provide the basis for a comprehensive description of how SCD affects the lives of adults, with the goal of developing a SCD-specific quality-of-life measurement system. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature review of patient-reported outcomes, followed by a series of focus groups and structured individual interviews with adults with SCD (n=122) and their health care providers (n=15). RESULTS We reviewed 473 abstracts and included 86 articles in the final review. The literature revealed broad categories of the impact of SCD and its treatment on the lives of adults-pain; emotional distress; social-role functioning; overall quality-of-life; and quality of care. We classified 1213 incidents from the focus groups and interviews into a taxonomy (16 domains) that met the criterion for saturation and was demonstrated to be reliable for the classification of incidents. The final conceptual model was built upon the taxonomy. DISCUSSION Our conceptual model was similar to previous models with the effects of pain predominating, interwoven with emotional distress, quality of care, and stigmatization. We found a broad range of emotions reflected, including positive effects of SCD. Items for the quality-of-life measure were derived from the taxonomy and the conceptual model may be of use in generating hypotheses for clinical research and improving understanding for clinicians of the lived experience of adults with SCD.
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Smith WR. Treating pain in sickle cell disease with opioids: clinical advances, ethical pitfalls. THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2014; 42:139-146. [PMID: 25040377 DOI: 10.1111/jlme.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the ethical principles of prescribing in Sickle Cell Disease. The first two sections of the article provide detailed scientific justification for the last section of the manuscript, which explores and discusses the ethical principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wally R Smith
- Professor in the Division of General Internal Medicine and the Principal Investigator for the VCU Basic and Translational Research Program in Sickle Cell Disease at the VCU Sickle Cell Disease Outcomes Research Center, SCD Clinical Research Network
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Smith WR, Jordan LB, Hassell KL. Frequently asked questions by hospitalists managing pain in adults with sickle cell disease. J Hosp Med 2011; 6:297-303. [PMID: 21661104 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pain is the predominant medical presentation to hospitalists for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Dramatic treatment gains of SCD in childhood have resulted in more adults now requiring hospitalization than children. This has created new challenges to improve the quality of hospital care for SCD. The evidence base for pain management in SCD is lacking. We therefore offer some evidence and our informed opinion to answer frequently asked questions (FAQs) about pain management by hospitalists caring for adults with SCD. The most common questions center around defining a crisis; selecting and managing opioids; distinguishing between opioid tolerance, physical dependence, and addiction or misuse; determining appropriateness of discharge; and avoiding lengthy or recurrent hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wally R Smith
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Adult Sickle Cell Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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Liem RI, Cole AH, Pelligra SA, Mason M, Thompson AA. Parental attitudes toward research participation in pediatric sickle cell disease. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:129-33. [PMID: 20213846 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socio-cultural attitudes and perceptions are commonly cited barriers to the recruitment of African-Americans for medical research, yet no studies have examined the factors influencing research participation among individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) or caregivers of children with SCD. PROCEDURE We distributed a 32-item, self-administered survey to parents or legal guardians of children with SCD over a 6-month period. We used Pearson's chi-square to determine factors associated with a favorable attitude toward research participation and logistic regression to determine independent associations. RESULTS We collected 151 surveys in this pilot study. In general, 86% of respondents believed more research needed to be done for SCD and 57% would allow their child to participate in a medical research study, corresponding to a favorable attitude. Respondent belief that more research needed to be done for SCD (OR 23.4, 95% CI 4.5-121.9, P = 0.001), perception of greater severity of their own child's SCD (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0-7.1, P = 0.041) and prior exposure to research (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.0-10.3, P = 0.043) were significantly associated with a favorable attitude, although only the first two remained independent associations in our regression model. Attitude toward research participation was not affected by respondent country of birth. CONCLUSIONS Parents of children with SCD who allow participation in medical research are likely to believe that more research is needed in SCD and that their child's SCD is moderate to severe. Developing effective tools, based on identified knowledge gaps related to clinical research, may improve research participation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Liem
- Division of Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell Transplant, Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Haywood C, Lanzkron S, Ratanawongsa N, Bediako SM, Lattimer-Nelson L, Beach MC. Hospital self-discharge among adults with sickle-cell disease (SCD): associations with trust and interpersonal experiences with care. J Hosp Med 2010; 5:289-94. [PMID: 20533577 PMCID: PMC2886176 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient self-discharge from hospitals has been associated with a number of negative clinical outcomes. Research suggests that low patient trust and poor quality interpersonal experiences with care may be associated with hospital self-discharge. Although adults with sickle-cell disease (SCD) often report poorer quality healthcare experiences, research examining hospital self-discharge and its associations with both patient trust and quality of healthcare experiences is lacking for this patient population. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of interpersonal experiences with care and trust in the medical profession with hospital self-discharge history among patients with SCD. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A large, urban academic medical center. PATIENTS Adults (age 18+ years) with SCD seeking outpatient or inpatient care. MEASUREMENTS We compared patient characteristics, patient perceptions of the quality of interpersonal experiences with care, and levels of trust between patients with and without a history of hospital self-discharge. RESULTS Adjusted analyses indicated that having a history of hospital self-discharge was associated with more negative interpersonal experiences and lower levels of trust. CONCLUSIONS Hospital self-discharge may be an important indicator of the quality of care received by adults with SCD. Further research is needed to better understand this phenomenon so that effective interventions can be designed to prevent its occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlton Haywood
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Prabhakar H, Haywood C, Molokie R. Sickle cell disease in the United States: looking back and forward at 100 years of progress in management and survival. Am J Hematol 2010; 85:346-53. [PMID: 20425797 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The past 100 years since James Herrick's first description of sickle cell disease in the United States have been characterized by the gradual development of management strategies. We review the progress in sickle cell disease management in the United States over the past 100 years, with emphasis on the diverse forces surrounding advances in disease management. Mortality and survival data are presented chronologically, with an attempt to highlight improvements in survival associated with specific advancements for pediatric and adult care. Finally, the future course for sickle cell disease management is explored, given the continued work in advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Prabhakar
- MSI, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5750, USA.
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Abstract
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affects 1 in 600 black infants in the United States. The painful crisis is one of its most characteristic manifestations and consists of pain in the extremities, back, abdomen, or chest. It may occur in 4 phases and may be precipitated by a variety of factors. The frequency, location, duration, severity, and character of pain differ both within and among patients. The pain may be localized, involve several areas, be diffuse, or be migratory. The intensity of pain varies from mild to excruciating and is perceived to be more intense by those who have experienced other forms of pain such as postoperative pain. Patients with sickle cell anemia who experience frequent painful crises exhibit problems with self-concept and low self-esteem, anxiety, depression, dissatisfaction with body image, poor school performance, social isolation, decreased participation in normal activities of daily living, and poor peer and family relationships. The periodic and unpredictable episodes can be incapacitating and may affect the way children see and feel about themselves, the way they relate to other people, the goals they set for themselves, and the way they approach a range of activities and situations. Research is very limited, and most of the available literature is based on personal observations, opinions, and anecdotal reports. The purpose of this report is to describe the phases of a painful episode as well as to examine the predisposing factors to, defining characteristics of, and patient outcomes associated with a painful crisis from sickle cell anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jacob
- Hematology/Oncology Unit, Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Reese FL, Smith WR. Psychosocial determinants of health care utilization in sickle cell disease patients. Ann Behav Med 1998; 19:171-8. [PMID: 9603692 DOI: 10.1007/bf02883334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the literature on psychosocial factors associated with sickle cell disease and health care utilization. The Health Belief Model is proposed as a framework that may help guide our understanding about how these variables influence health care utilization. Since the existing literature on psychosocial variables and health care utilization among sickle cell disease patients is scant, studies from related behavioral medicine research will be presented as a basis for future research. This review suggests that identifying modifiable psychosocial variables associated with utilization could aid in the development of interventions aimed at reducing utilization and thereby reducing health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Reese
- Psychology Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23284-2018, USA
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