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Vardhan H, Prasad N, Jaiswal A, Yadav B, Kumar S, Bhadauria D, Kaul A, Gupta A, Srivartava A, Sharma RK. Outcomes of living donor renal transplant recipients with and without basiliximab induction: A long-term follow-up study. INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijt.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Sageshima J, Ciancio G, Chen L, Burke GW. Anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibodies-basiliximab and daclizumab-for the prevention of acute rejection in renal transplantation. Biologics 2009; 3:319-36. [PMID: 19707418 PMCID: PMC2726067 DOI: 10.2147/btt.2009.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of antibody induction after kidney transplantation has increased from 25% to 63% in the past decade and roughly one half of the induction agent used is anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibody (IL-2RA, ie, basiliximab or daclizumab). When combined with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based immunosuppression, IL-2RAs have been shown to reduce the incidence of acute rejection, one of the predictors of poor graft survival, without increasing risks of infections and malignancies in kidney transplantation. For low-immunological-risk patients, IL-2RAs, as compared with lymphocyte-depleting antibodies, are equally efficacious and have better safety profiles. For high-risk patients, however, IL-2RAs may be inferior to lymphocyte-depleting antibodies for the prophylaxis of acute rejection. In an effort to reduce toxicities of other immunosuppressive medications without increasing the risk of acute rejection and chronic graft loss, IL-2RAs have often been combined with steroid- and CNI-sparing immunosuppression protocols. More data support the benefits of early steroid withdrawal with IL-2RA in low-risk patients, but preferred induction therapy for high-risk patients has yet to be determined. Although CNI-sparing protocols with IL-2RA may preserve renal function and improve long-term survival in selected patients, further studies are needed to identify those who benefit most from this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Sageshima
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Lillian Jean Kaplan Renal Transplant Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Kirk AD, Bollinger RR, Finn OJ. Rapid, comprehensive analysis of human cytokine mRNA and its application to the study of acute renal allograft rejection. Hum Immunol 1995; 43:113-28. [PMID: 7591871 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)00158-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine mRNA analysis was performed on human renal allograft needle core biopsies by a PCR-based assay. The assay was specifically developed to be capable of simultaneous analysis of multiple interleukin transcripts (IL-1-IL-12), as well as those of other relevant cytokines, by one person in less than 1 day from cultured cells or directly from tissue samples. It was initially used on preparations containing known amounts of plasmid DNA encoding individual cytokine cDNA sequences, confirming that the sensitivity of this technique was both well defined and comparable for all target sequences tested. Analysis of human PBLs prior to stimulation, after polyclonal stimulation with PHA and after simultaneous treatment with PHA and MP or CyA, was also performed to show a proportional relationship between mRNA levels measured by PCR and protein release measured by ELISA (R2 = 0.86). This correlation was not adversely altered by pharmacologic immunosuppression by MP or CyA. Thus, this method of PCR primer design and usage was appropriate for the clinical study of cytokine mRNA levels during allograft rejection. Direct study of cytokine mRNA in allograft biopsy tissue showed that IL-2 was specifically and significantly (p = 0.006) elevated during ACR when compared to other causes of graft dysfunction. Transcripts from the IFN-gamma and IL-6 genes were also increased in ACR (p = 0.001 and 0.017, respectively), whereas increased IL-8 mRNA was correlated with irreversible loss of graft function (p = 0.02). TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-10 gene transcripts were also detected during ACR, but were not quantitatively increased compared to other forms of graft injury (p > 0.2). We conclude that acute cellular rejection is associated with intragraft mRNA from the IL-2 gene. Other transcripts, including those from the IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-8 genes, are detected in increased amounts during this process. Messenger RNA from the TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-10 genes is also detected during ACR, but the presence of these transcripts is not exclusive to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Kirk
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Amlot PL. The Clinical and Experimental Use of Monoclonal Antibodies to the IL-2 Receptor. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES IN TRANSPLANTATION 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-22195-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Schroeder
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, OH
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Hayes JM. The immunobiology and clinical use of current immunosuppressive therapy for renal transplantation. J Urol 1993; 149:437-48. [PMID: 8437243 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Verheul HA, Verveld M, Bos ES. Immunotherapy through the IL-2 receptor. Immunol Res 1992; 11:42-53. [PMID: 1602182 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hampson J, Southee J, Howell D, Balls M. An RSPCA/FRAME Survey of the Use of Non-human Primates as Laboratory Animals in Great Britain, 1984–1988. Altern Lab Anim 1990. [DOI: 10.1177/026119299001700407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A literature-based survey of the use of non-human primates as laboratory animals in Great Britain in 1984–1988 was carried out as a background to extending debate about the ethical and practical issues involved. The 289 publications considered were grouped in 15 subject areas and reviewed in terms of scientific purpose, methods employed, numbers and species of animals used, and their source, care and ultimate fate. In addition, the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry provided a comment on the use of non-human primates by pharmaceutical companies. Specific causes for concern were identified, and future prospects considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hampson
- FRAME, Eastgate House, 34 Stoney Street, Nottingham NG1 1NB, UK
| | | | - David Howell
- FRAME, Eastgate House, 34 Stoney Street, Nottingham NG1 1NB, UK
| | - Michael Balls
- FRAME, Eastgate House, 34 Stoney Street, Nottingham NG1 1NB, UK
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Steinbrüchel DA, Madsen HH, Nielsen B, Larsen S, Koch C, Jensenius JC, Hougesen C, Kemp E. Treatment with total lymphoid irradiation, cyclosporin A and a monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody in a hamster-to-rat heart transplantation model: graft survival and morphological analysis. Transpl Int 1990; 3:36-40. [PMID: 2369480 DOI: 10.1007/bf00333201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with preoperative total lymphoid irradiation and post-transplant cyclosporin A has been shown to have a synergistic effect on graft survival in allo- and xenotransplantation. Specific monoclonal antibodies against T cells and T cell subpopulations could offer new ways of preventing graft rejection in xenotransplantation. Graft survival and histology were examined after total lymphoid irradiation plus cyclosporin A treatment versus cyclosporin A plus a monoclonal antibody in a concordant, heterotopic, hamster-to-rat heart transplantation model. Preoperative total lymphoid irradiation was given at a dose of 1.25 Gy, 12 times over a period of 3 weeks. Cyclosporin A at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg per day was administered perorally and OX-19, a pan T cell monoclonal antibody, was given as intraperitoneal injections at doses of 100 micrograms or 500 micrograms/kg per day from day 0 until graft rejection. While total lymphoid irradiation alone prolonged graft survival to 9.4 days, total lymphoid irradiation plus cyclosporin A extended graft survival to a mean of 22 days. Cyclosporin alone or combined with the monoclonal antibody could not increase graft survival significantly when compared to untreated animals, which rejected their grafts within 3.7 days. Vascular rejection was the characteristic morphological finding, even after some weeks of excellent graft function. In conclusion, total lymphoid irradiation and cyclosporin A had a synergistic effect on graft survival in this concordant xenotransplantation model, although recent impressive results from other groups could not be reproduced. Total lymphoid irradiation combined with cyclosporin A appears to delay a primary humoral graft rejection, while the mechanism of rejection, judged by histology, stays the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Steinbrüchel
- Laboratory of Nephropathology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
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Cobbold SP, Rebello PR, Davies HF, Friend PJ, Clark MR. A simple method for measuring patient anti-globulin responses against isotypic or idiotypic determinants. J Immunol Methods 1990; 127:19-24. [PMID: 2319138 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(90)90335-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A simple inhibition of capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IOC-ELISA) was developed which permitted the independent measurement of anti-idiotypic and anti-isotypic antiglobulins in serum samples from patients receiving therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Cobbold
- Department of Pathology, Cambridge University, U.K
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Williams-Blangero S, Vandeberg JL, Blangero J, Konigsberg L, Dyke B. Genetic differentiation between baboon subspecies: Relevance for biomedical research. Am J Primatol 1990; 20:67-81. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.1350200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/1989] [Revised: 12/12/1989] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Steinbrüchel DA, Madsen HHT, Nielsen B, Larsen S, Koch C, Jensenius JC, Hougesen C, Kemp E. Treatment with total lymphoid irradiation, cyclosporin A and a monoclonal anti-T-cell antibody in a hamster-to-rat heart transplantation model: Graft survival and morphological analysis. Transpl Int 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.1990.tb01884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kyle V, Coughlan RJ, Tighe H, Waldmann H, Hazleman BL. Beneficial effect of monoclonal antibody to interleukin 2 receptor on activated T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48:428-9. [PMID: 2786388 PMCID: PMC1003775 DOI: 10.1136/ard.48.5.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Campath 6, a rat IgG2b monoclonal antibody to the interleukin 2 receptor on activated T cells, was used to treat three patients with active rheumatoid arthritis unresponsive to conventional treatment. Two patients had an excellent response for about three months. There were no significant side effects. The results suggest that activated T cells are of importance in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Although infusions of rat monoclonal antibodies could not be repeated because of the risk of sensitisation, the development of humanised monoclonal antibodies targeted against specific T cell sets would allow repeated courses of treatment to be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kyle
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge
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White DJG, Friend P, Calne RY. Immunosuppression. Transplantation 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0855-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Future aspects of renal transplantation. World J Urol 1988; 6:136-139. [PMID: 21151858 DOI: 10.1007/bf00326630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
New and exciting advances in renal transplantation are continuously being made, and the horizons for organ transplantation are bright and open. This article reviews only a few of the newer advances that will allow renal transplantation to become even more widespread and successful. The important and exciting implications for extrarenal organ transplantation are immediately evident.
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