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Ibstedt S, de Mattos CBR, Köster J, Mertens F. A cryptic EWSR1::DDIT3 fusion in myxoid liposarcoma: Potential pitfalls with FISH and cytogenetics. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2023; 62:167-170. [PMID: 36379683 PMCID: PMC10100227 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is molecularly characterized by fusions involving the DDIT3 gene in chromosome band 12q13; the fusion partner is FUS in band 16p11 in 90-95% of the cases and EWSR1 in band 22q12 in the remaining 5-10%. Hence, molecular studies, often fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for DDIT3 rearrangement, are useful for establishing a correct diagnosis. Although all MLS tumors should have DDIT3 fusions, it is important to be aware of reasons for potential false-negative results. We here present a case of MLS that was negative for FISH for DDIT3, that showed an unexpected t(11;22) at G-banding, but that displayed a characteristic EWSR1::DDIT3 fusion at RNA-sequencing. The results suggest that neoplasia-associated fusions that, due to the transcriptional orientations of the two genes involved, cannot arise through only two double-strand breaks are more likely to be associated with negative FISH-findings and unexpected karyotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ibstedt
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Köster
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Mikesch JH, Hartmann W, Angenendt L, Huber O, Schliemann C, Arteaga MF, Wardelmann E, Rudack C, Berdel WE, Stenner M, Grünewald I. AAA+ ATPases Reptin and Pontin as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in salivary gland cancer - a short report. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2018; 41:455-462. [PMID: 29873033 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-018-0382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Salivary gland cancer (SGC) is a rare and heterogeneous disease with significant differences in recurrence and metastasis characteristics. As yet, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the initiation and/or progression of these diverse tumors. In recent years, the AAA+ ATPase family members Pontin (RuvBL1, Tip49a) and Reptin (RuvBL2, Tip49b) have been implicated in various processes, including transcription regulation, chromatin remodeling and DNA damage repair, that are frequently deregulated in cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and functional significance of Reptin and Pontin expression in SGC. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining of Pontin, Reptin, β-catenin, Cyclin D1, TP53 and MIB-1 was performed on a collection of 94 SGC tumor samples comprising 13 different histological subtypes using tissue microarrays. RESULTS We found that Reptin and Pontin were expressed in the majority of SGC samples across all histological subtypes. Patients with a high Reptin expression showed a significantly inferior 5-year overall survival rate compared to patients with a low Reptin expression (47.7% versus 78.3%; p = 0.033), whereas no such difference was observed for Pontin. A high Reptin expression strongly correlated with a high expression of the proliferation marker MIB-1 (p = 0.003), the cell cycle regulator Cyclin D1 (p = 0.006), accumulation of TP53 as a surrogate p53 mutation marker (p = 0.042) and cytoplasmic β-catenin expression (p = 0.002). Increased Pontin expression was found to significantly correlate with both cytoplasmic and nuclear β-catenin expression (p = 0.037 and p = 0.018, respectively), which is indicative for its oncogenic function. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a role of Reptin and Pontin in SGC tumor progression and/or patient survival. Therefore, SGC patients exhibiting a high Reptin expression may benefit from more aggressive therapeutic regimens. Future studies should clarify whether such patients may be considered for more radical surgery, extended adjuvant therapy and/or targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Henrik Mikesch
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1 D17, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Linus Angenendt
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Otmar Huber
- Department of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Nonnenplan 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Francisca Arteaga
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1 D17, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudia Rudack
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Kardinal-von-Galen-Ring 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Stenner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Münster, Kardinal-von-Galen-Ring 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Inga Grünewald
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert Schweitzer Campus 1 D17, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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3
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Grünewald I, Trautmann M, Busch A, Bauer L, Huss S, Schweinshaupt P, Vollbrecht C, Odenthal M, Quaas A, Büttner R, Meyer MF, Beutner D, Hüttenbrink KB, Wardelmann E, Stenner M, Hartmann W. MDM2 and CDK4 amplifications are rare events in salivary duct carcinomas. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75261-75272. [PMID: 27662657 PMCID: PMC5342738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands associated with poor clinical outcome. SDCs are known to carry TP53 mutations in about 50%, however, only little is known about alternative pathogenic mechanisms within the p53 regulatory network. Particularly, data on alterations of the oncogenes MDM2 and CDK4 located in the chromosomal region 12q13-15 are limited in SDC, while genomic rearrangements of the adjacent HMGA2 gene locus are well documented in subsets of SDCs. We here analyzed the mutational status of the TP53 gene, genomic amplification of MDM2, CDK4 and HMGA2 rearrangement/amplification as well as protein expression of TP53 (p53), MDM2 and CDK4 in 51 de novo and ex pleomorphic adenoma SDCs. 25 of 51 cases were found to carry TP53 mutations, associated with extreme positive immunohistochemical p53 staining levels in 13 cases. Three out of 51 tumors had an MDM2 amplification, one of them coinciding with a CDK4 amplification and two with a HMGA2 rearrangement/amplification. Two of the MDM2 amplifications occurred in the setting of a TP53 mutation. Two out of 51 cases showed a CDK4 amplification, one synchronously being MDM2 amplified and the other one displaying concurrent low copy number increases of both, MDM2 and HMGA2. In summary, we here show that subgroups of SDCs display genomic amplifications of MDM2 and/or CDK4, partly in association with TP53 mutations and rearrangement/amplification of HMGA2. Further research is necessary to clarify the role of chromosomal region 12q13-15 alterations in SDC tumorigenesis and their potential prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Grünewald
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Alina Busch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Larissa Bauer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huss
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Vollbrecht
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Pathology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Moritz F Meyer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl-Bernd Hüttenbrink
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Stenner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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4
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Busch A, Bauer L, Wardelmann E, Rudack C, Grünewald I, Stenner M. Prognostic relevance of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and proliferation in surgically treated primary parotid gland cancer. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:403-409. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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5
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Targeted next generation sequencing of parotid gland cancer uncovers genetic heterogeneity. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18224-37. [PMID: 26053092 PMCID: PMC4627247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland cancer represents a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors. Due to their low incidence and the existence of multiple morphologically defined subtypes, these tumors are still poorly understood with regard to their molecular pathogenesis and therapeutically relevant genetic alterations. Performing a systematic and comprehensive study covering 13 subtypes of salivary gland cancer, next generation sequencing was done on 84 tissue samples of parotid gland cancer using multiplex PCR for enrichment of cancer related gene loci covering hotspots of 46 cancer genes. Mutations were identified in 22 different genes. The most frequent alterations affected TP53, followed by RAS genes, PIK3CA, SMAD4 and members of the ERB family. HRAS mutations accounted for more than 90% of RAS mutations, occurring especially in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas and salivary duct carcinomas. Additional mutations in PIK3CA also affected particularly epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas and salivary duct carcinomas, occurring simultaneously with HRAS mutations in almost all cases, pointing to an unknown and therapeutically relevant molecular constellation. Interestingly, 14% of tumors revealed mutations in surface growth factor receptor genes including ALK, HER2, ERBB4, FGFR, cMET and RET, which might prove to be targetable by new therapeutic agents. 6% of tumors revealed mutations in SMAD4. In summary, our data provide novel insight into the fundamental molecular heterogeneity of salivary gland cancer, relevant in terms of tumor classification and the establishment of targeted therapeutic concepts.
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6
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Schmitz K, Schildhaus HU. [Molecular pathology of soft tissue tumors: Contribution to diagnosis and therapy prediction]. DER PATHOLOGE 2015; 36:126-36. [PMID: 25822596 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-015-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue tumors are often challenging for pathologists on the basis of morphology alone; therefore, tumor-specific chromosomal aberrations, such as translocations and fusions, amplifications or deletions can be diagnostically useful. Fluorescence in situ hybridization is widely used for the detection of most aberrations in routine diagnostics. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase PCR, sequencing and specific immunohistochemical assays are also applied. Next generation sequencing has already contributed to the identification of hitherto unknown aberrations. Molecular pathology is mainly used in sarcomas to discriminate between different tumor entities. In terms of personalized therapy and targeted treatment, molecular pathology can be utilized to detect predictive markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Schmitz
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland
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7
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Trautmann M, Sievers E, Aretz S, Kindler D, Michels S, Friedrichs N, Renner M, Kirfel J, Steiner S, Huss S, Koch A, Penzel R, Larsson O, Kawai A, Tanaka S, Sonobe H, Waha A, Schirmacher P, Mechtersheimer G, Wardelmann E, Büttner R, Hartmann W. SS18-SSX fusion protein-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a therapeutic target in synovial sarcoma. Oncogene 2013; 33:5006-16. [PMID: 24166495 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a high-grade soft tissue malignancy characterized by a specific reciprocal translocation t(X;18), which leads to the fusion of the SS18 (SYT) gene to one of three SSX genes (SSX1, SSX2 or SSX4). The resulting chimeric SS18-SSX protein is suggested to act as an oncogenic transcriptional regulator. Despite multimodal therapeutic approaches, metastatic disease is often lethal and the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies is required. Several expression-profiling studies identified distinct gene expression signatures, implying a consistent role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in synovial sarcoma tumorigenesis. Here we investigate the functional and therapeutic relevance of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemical analyses of nuclear β-catenin and Wnt downstream targets revealed activation of canonical Wnt signaling in a significant subset of 30 primary synovial sarcoma specimens. Functional aspects of Wnt signaling including dependence of Tcf/β-catenin complex activity on the SS18-SSX fusion proteins were analyzed. Efficient SS18-SSX-dependent activation of the Tcf/β-catenin transcriptional complex was confirmed by TOPflash reporter luciferase assays and immunoblotting. In five human synovial sarcoma cell lines, inhibition of the Tcf/β-catenin protein-protein interaction significantly blocked the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, accompanied by the effective downregulation of Wnt targets (AXIN2, CDC25A, c-MYC, DKK1, CyclinD1 and Survivin) and the specific suppression of cell viability associated with the induction of apoptosis. In SYO-1 synovial sarcoma xenografts, administration of small molecule Tcf/β-catenin complex inhibitors significantly reduced tumor growth, associated with diminished AXIN2 protein levels. In summary, SS18-SSX-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling appears to be of crucial biological importance in synovial sarcoma tumorigenesis and progression, representing a potential molecular target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trautmann
- 1] Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany [2] Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Sievers
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Aretz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Kindler
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Michels
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Friedrichs
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Renner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Kirfel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Steiner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Huss
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Penzel
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Larsson
- Departments of Oncology & Pathology, The Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kawai
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - H Sonobe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chungoku Central Hospital, Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - A Waha
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Schirmacher
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Mechtersheimer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Wardelmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Büttner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - W Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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8
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Mackintosh C, Ordóñez JL, García-Domínguez DJ, Sevillano V, Llombart-Bosch A, Szuhai K, Scotlandi K, Alberghini M, Sciot R, Sinnaeve F, Hogendoorn PCW, Picci P, Knuutila S, Dirksen U, Debiec-Rychter M, Schaefer KL, de Álava E. 1q gain and CDT2 overexpression underlie an aggressive and highly proliferative form of Ewing sarcoma. Oncogene 2011; 31:1287-98. [PMID: 21822310 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive characterization of the role of the EWS-ETS fusions, little is known about secondary genetic alterations and their clinical contribution to Ewing sarcoma (ES). It has been demonstrated that the molecular structure of EWS-ETS lacks prognostic value. Moreover, CDKN2A deletion and TP53 mutation, despite carrying a poor prognosis, are infrequent. In this scenario identifying secondary genetic alterations with a significant prevalence could contribute to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the most aggressive forms of ES.We screened a 67 ES tumor set for copy number alterations by array comparative genomic hybridization. 1q gain (1qG), detected in 31% of tumor samples, was found markedly associated with relapse and poor overall and disease-free survival and demonstrated a prognostic value independent of classical clinical parameters. Reanalysis of an expression dataset belonging to an independent tumor set (n=37) not only validated this finding but also led us to identify a transcriptomic profile of severe cell cycle deregulation in 1qG ES tumors. Consistently, a higher proliferation rate was detected in this tumor subset by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. CDT2, a 1q-located candidate gene encoding a protein involved in ubiquitin ligase activity and significantly overexpressed in 1qG ES tumors, was validated in vitro and in vivo proving its major contribution to this molecular and clinical phenotype. This integrative genomic study of 105 ES tumors in overall renders the potential value of 1qG and CDT2 overexpression as prognostic biomarkers and also affords a rationale for the application of already available new therapeutic compounds selectively targeting the protein-ubiquitin machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mackintosh
- Molecular Pathology Program, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), Campus Miguel de Unamuno S/N, Salamanca, Spain.
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9
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Friedrichs N, Trautmann M, Endl E, Sievers E, Kindler D, Wurst P, Czerwitzki J, Steiner S, Renner M, Penzel R, Koch A, Larsson O, Tanaka S, Kawai A, Schirmacher P, Mechtersheimer G, Wardelmann E, Buettner R, Hartmann W. Phosphatidylinositol-3′-kinase/AKT signaling is essential in synovial sarcoma. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1564-75. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Schildhaus HU, Büttner R. [Sarcomas: classification with morphologic and genetic criteria]. DER PATHOLOGE 2010; 32:5-7. [PMID: 21181165 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-010-1392-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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[Molecular methods in the diagnosis of sarcoma]. DER PATHOLOGE 2010; 32:24-31. [PMID: 20978765 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-010-1395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of modern molecular techniques has gained importance in the diagnosis of sarcomas in recent years. Each of the analytical methods discussed here has its unique advantages and specific requirements. Cytogenetic screening methods which provide genome-wide information depend on the availability of fresh tissue. With the aid of fluorescence in situ hybridization and RT-polymerase chain reaction, specific events such as translocations in Ewing sarcoma, synovial sarcoma or alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, as well as gene amplifications in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma or radiation-induced angiosarcoma and deletions in rhabdoid tumors or well-differentiated spindle cell liposarcoma can be detected in fresh and formalin fixed tissues. Molecular methods including Sanger sequencing, pyrosequencing and high resolution melting provide information about specific molecular aberrations on gene level. Here we review the most important molecular techniques currently used in sarcoma diagnosis, describe their relevance for differential diagnosis and point out specific examples.
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12
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Ottaviano L, Schaefer KL, Gajewski M, Huckenbeck W, Baldus S, Rogel U, Mackintosh C, de Alava E, Myklebost O, Kresse SH, Meza-Zepeda LA, Serra M, Cleton-Jansen AM, Hogendoorn PCW, Buerger H, Aigner T, Gabbert HE, Poremba C. Molecular characterization of commonly used cell lines for bone tumor research: a trans-European EuroBoNet effort. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010; 49:40-51. [PMID: 19787792 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Usage of cancer cell lines has repeatedly generated conflicting results provoked by differences among subclones or contamination with mycoplasm or other immortal mammalian cells. To overcome these limitations, we decided within the EuroBoNeT consortium to characterize a common set of cell lines including osteosarcomas (OS), Ewing sarcomas (ES), and chondrosarcomas (CS). DNA fingerprinting was used to guarantee the identity of all of the cell lines and to distinguish subclones of osteosarcoma cell line HOS. Screening for homozygous loss of 38 tumor suppressor genes by MLPA revealed deletion of CDKN2A as the most common event (15/36), strictly associated with absence of the CDKN2A (p16) protein. Ten cell lines showed missense mutations of the TP53 gene while another set of nine cell lines showed mutations resulting in truncation of the TP53 protein. Cells harboring missense mutations expressed high levels of nuclear TP53, while cell lines with nonsense mutations showed weak/absent staining for TP53. TP53(wt) cell lines usually expressed the protein in 2-10% of the cells. However, seven TP53(wt) osteosarcomas were negative for both mRNA and protein expression. Our analyses shed light on the correlation between immunohistochemical and genetic data for CDKN2A and TP53, and confirm the importance of these signaling pathways. The characterization of a substantial number of cell lines represents an important step to supply research groups with proven models for further advanced studies on tumor biology and may help to make results from different laboratories more comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ottaviano
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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13
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Primary peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing's tumor of the testis in a 46-year-old man—differential diagnosis and review of the literature. Hum Pathol 2009; 40:893-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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15
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Friedrichs N, Küchler J, Endl E, Koch A, Czerwitzki J, Wurst P, Metzger D, Schulte JH, Holst MI, Heukamp LC, Larsson O, Tanaka S, Kawai A, Wardelmann E, Buettner R, Pietsch T, Hartmann W. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor acts as a growth regulator in synovial sarcoma. J Pathol 2008; 216:428-39. [DOI: 10.1002/path.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Friedrichs
- Department of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Küchler
- Department of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Endl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Czerwitzki
- Department of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Wurst
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - D Metzger
- Department of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - JH Schulte
- Department of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - MI Holst
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - LC Heukamp
- Department of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - O Larsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - A Kawai
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Wardelmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - R Buettner
- Department of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - T Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Hartmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
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Sun B, Sun Y, Wang J, Zhao X, Zhang S, Liu Y, Li X, Feng Y, Zhou H, Hao X. The diagnostic value of SYT-SSX detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for synovial sarcoma: a review and prospective study of 255 cases. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:1355-61. [PMID: 18460022 PMCID: PMC11160015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of SYT-SSX detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for synovial sarcoma (SS) in known and potential cases. SYT-SSX was analyzed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 62 known SS, 60 non-SS and 133 potential SS by RT-PCR and FISH. FISH was mainly performed on a tissue microarray with some modifications. SYT-SSX was detected in 94.7% (54/57) of known SS and 70.5% (86/122) of potential SS by RT-PCR and in 96.7% (58/60) of known SS and 78.1% (100/128) of potential SS by FISH. Moreover, SYT-SSX was negative in 100% (58/58) of non-SS by RT-PCR and in 100% (59/59) of non-SS by FISH. Accordingly, SYT-SSX was detected in 106 potential SS by RT-PCR or FISH, including 80 cases manifested by both methods, 20 specimens verified only by FISH and 6 samples confirmed only by RT-PCR. Clinical findings and immunohistochemistry data were analyzed in potential SS with final molecular diagnosis. The positive ratio of cytokeratin (CK) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) in finally diagnosed SS was 51.9% (55/106) and 61.3% (65/106), respectively. Except EMA, clinical parameters (age, sex, tumor size, tumor sites) and other immunohistochemistry indexes (CK, S-100, neurone specific enolase (NSE), CD99, myoglobin, smooth muscle actin (SMA), cluster of differentiation (CD) 68 and mesothelial cell) had no significant difference between finally diagnosed SS and non-SS. It is indicated that the efficiency of FISH is comparable to or even higher than that of RT-PCR for SYT-SSX detection. The detection of SYT-SSX by RT-PCR or FISH is very useful for the final diagnosis of potential synovial sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, China
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Schaefer KL, Eisenacher M, Braun Y, Brachwitz K, Wai DH, Dirksen U, Lanvers-Kaminsky C, Juergens H, Herrero D, Stegmaier S, Koscielniak E, Eggert A, Nathrath M, Gosheger G, Schneider DT, Bury C, Diallo-Danebrock R, Ottaviano L, Gabbert HE, Poremba C. Microarray analysis of Ewing’s sarcoma family of tumours reveals characteristic gene expression signatures associated with metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2008; 44:699-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2008.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sanati S, Lu DW, Schmidt E, Perry A, Dehner LP, Pfeifer JD. Cytologic diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor with paired prospective molecular genetic analysis. Cancer 2007; 111:192-9. [PMID: 17487851 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (EWS/PNET), since its characterization immunophenotypically and cytogenetically, has emerged as one of most common sarcomas of childhood. Currently, it is recognized that EWS/PNET can occur in any number of extraosseous sites and is one of several distinctive tumor types with an EWS translocation. In the past, the pathologic diagnosis of EWS/PNET relied on an open biopsy with the application of various ancillary studies, ranging from periodic acid-Schiff stain to molecular testing, but the tumor increasingly is diagnosed on the basis of cytologic specimens alone. METHODS The authors report 3 cases of EWS/PNET in patients aged 11 years to 53 years. These 3 patients had tumors that involved the parotid gland, cervical soft tissue, and pelvis, and were diagnosed by cytologic evaluation of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy material alone. The FNA materials also were evaluated prospectively by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results emphasized the diagnostic utility of FNA biopsy material for morphologic and molecular analysis without compromising conventional cytologic and immunocytochemical analysis, and that prospective molecular testing of FNA specimens has utility in routine practice although it is subject to many of the same limitations that impact molecular analysis when applied to conventional tissue biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS The current results demonstrated that molecular genetic techniques can provide clinically useful ancillary information for FNA specimens when cytologic features and/or immunophenotype are equivocal on the basis of limited sampling or secondary changes, such as hemorrhage and/or necrosis.
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MESH Headings
- 12E7 Antigen
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis
- Child
- Cytodiagnosis/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/diagnosis
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Souzan Sanati
- Lauren V Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Barnes-Jewish and Saint Louis Children's Hospitals, Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
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Alldinger I, Schaefer KL, Goedde D, Ottaviano L, Dirksen U, Ranft A, Juergens H, Gabbert HE, Knoefel WT, Poremba C. Microsatellite instability in Ewing tumor is not associated with loss of mismatch repair protein expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 133:749-59. [PMID: 17530287 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Only few clinical factors predict the prognosis of patients with Ewing tumors. Unfavorable outcome is associated with primary metastatic disease, age > 15 years, tumor volume above 200 ml, and the histological response to chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prevalence and clinical impact of microsatellite instability (MSI) together with the relation between MSI and mismatch repair protein expression in Ewing tumors. DNA from 61 primary Ewing tumors and 11 Ewing tumor cell lines was extracted and microsatellite analysis for the detection of instability or loss of heterozygosity was performed for the five markers of the Bethesda panel BAT25, BAT26, D5S346, D2S123, and D17S250, which represents the established marker panel for the analysis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) patients. In addition, single nucleotide repeat regions of the two tumor genes BAX and transforming growth factor receptor II (TGFBR2) were also included. All of the 61 samples were suitable for LOH analysis and 55 for the determination of MSI-status. LOH of these microsatellite markers was detected in 9 of the 61 patients (14.8%). Over all, genetic instability, i.e. MSI and/or LOH, was detected in 17 tumors (27.9%). One out of the 11 tumor cell lines (STA ET1) was characterized by instability of all the five Bethesda markers, while from primary tumor samples, only one showed MSI in more than one microsatellite marker (D5S346 and D17S250, MSI-high). Eight of the fifty-five patients (14.5%) showed instability of one microsatellite locus (MSI-low). No instability was detected in BAT26, D2S123, BAX and TGFBR2. There was no significant correlation between MSI and loss of expression of mismatch repair proteins MLH1, MSH2, or MSH6. The impairment of the p53 signaling pathway (expression of TP53 and/or MDM2 by immunohistochemistry) was significantly associated with reduced overall survival (15 of 49 patients (30.6%), P = 0.0410, log-rank test). We conclude that MSI is not prevalent in Ewing tumor and that the nature of instability differs from the form observed in colorectal carcinoma, the model tumor of MSI. This is documented by the different pattern of MSI (no BAT26 instability) in Ewing tumors and the lack of a strict correlation between MSI-high and loss of expression of MSH2, MSH6 and MLH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alldinger
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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