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Exploring evidence for behavioral risk compensation among participants in an HIV vaccine clinical trial. Vaccine 2017; 35:3558-3563. [PMID: 28533053 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV vaccine trial participants may engage in behavioral risk compensation due to a false sense of protection. We conducted an ancillary study of an HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) vaccine efficacy trial to explore risk compensation among trial participants compared to persons who were willing to participate but ineligible based on previous exposure to the Ad5 virus (Ad5+) across three timepoints. METHODS Participants were drawn from the Atlanta, GA site of the HVTN 505 vaccine trial. From 2011-2013, all persons who met prescreening criteria for the clinical trial and presented for Ad5 antibody testing were invited to participate in the ancillary study. Data were collected from vaccine trial participants (n=51) and Ad5+ participants (n=60) via online surveys across three timepoints: baseline, T2 (after trial participants received 2/4 injections) and T3 (after trial participants received 4/4 injections). Data analyses assessed demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral differences at baseline and changes at each timepoint. RESULTS At baseline, Ad5+ participants were less likely to have some college education (p=0.024) or health insurance (p=0.008), and were more likely to want to participate in the vaccine trial "to feel safer having unprotected sex" (p=0.005). Among vaccine trial participants, unprotected anal sex with a casual partner (p=0.05), HIV transmission worry (p=0.033), and perceived chance of getting HIV (p=0.027), decreased across timepoints. CONCLUSIONS Study findings suggest that persons with previous exposure to Ad5 may be systematically different from their Ad5-negative peers. Unprotected anal sex with a casual partner significantly decreased among HIV vaccine trial participants, as did HIV worry and perceived chance of getting HIV. Findings did not support evidence of risk compensation among HIV vaccine trial participants compared to Ad5+ participants.
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Mimiaga MJ, Reisner SL, Goldhammer H, Tetu AM, Belanoff C, Mayer KH. Sources of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Disease Information and Responses to Prevention Messages among Massachusetts Men Who Have Sex with Men. Am J Health Promot 2010; 24:170-7. [DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.08042841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates have continued to increase among men who have sex with men (MSM). The present study used qualitative methods to assess sources of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/STD information and responses to HIV/STD prevention messages among MSM. This was done to understand how to design more effective media campaigns on HIV/STD prevention and testing for this population. Design. One-on-one semistructured, qualitative interviews and a brief demographic written survey were conducted. Setting. A Massachusetts community-based organization specializing in HIV/AIDS healthcare. Participants. A novel, modified, respondent-driven sampling method was used to recruit a diverse sample of 50 Massachusetts MSM between January and April 2005; qualitative interviews were conducted until redundancy in responses was achieved. Method. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. NVIVO software was used to organize transcripts, identify themes, and report frequency of responses. Results. Respondents reported having derived information on sexual health from multiple media sources. Direct outreach, gay- and HIV-centered organizations, print and broadcast media, public transportation ads, and the Internet held the greatest potential for dissemination. Primary care providers were also frequently seen as trusted sources of HIV/STD prevention information. Ideas for content often included having “people just like you” in ads. Conclusion. Health messages that focus on getting tested for HIV and STDs, practicing safe sex, and incorporating straightforward and accurate information on prevention may be the most acceptable to MSM. Providers should be proactive in disseminating information about HIV/STD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Mimiaga
- Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH; San L. Reisner, MA; Hilary Goldhammer, ScM; Ashley M. Tetu, MPH; and Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, are with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH, is with Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Ashley M. Tetu, MPH, is with Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Candice Belanoff, MPH, is with the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sari L. Reisner
- Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH; San L. Reisner, MA; Hilary Goldhammer, ScM; Ashley M. Tetu, MPH; and Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, are with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH, is with Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Ashley M. Tetu, MPH, is with Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Candice Belanoff, MPH, is with the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary Goldhammer
- Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH; San L. Reisner, MA; Hilary Goldhammer, ScM; Ashley M. Tetu, MPH; and Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, are with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH, is with Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Ashley M. Tetu, MPH, is with Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Candice Belanoff, MPH, is with the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ashley M. Tetu
- Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH; San L. Reisner, MA; Hilary Goldhammer, ScM; Ashley M. Tetu, MPH; and Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, are with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH, is with Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Ashley M. Tetu, MPH, is with Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Candice Belanoff, MPH, is with the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Candice Belanoff
- Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH; San L. Reisner, MA; Hilary Goldhammer, ScM; Ashley M. Tetu, MPH; and Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, are with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH, is with Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Ashley M. Tetu, MPH, is with Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Candice Belanoff, MPH, is with the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH; San L. Reisner, MA; Hilary Goldhammer, ScM; Ashley M. Tetu, MPH; and Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, are with The Fenway Institute, Fenway Community Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Matthew J. Mimiaga, ScD, MPH, is with Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Ashley M. Tetu, MPH, is with Boston University, School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. Candice Belanoff, MPH, is with the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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