1
|
Wang C, Zhou C, Guo T, Jiaerken Y, Yang S, Xu X, Hu L, Huang P, Xu X, Zhang M. Current coffee consumption is associated with decreased striatal dopamine transporter availability in Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls. BMC Med 2023; 21:272. [PMID: 37491235 PMCID: PMC10369815 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffee is the most widely consumed psychostimulant worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that coffee consumption habit significantly reduces the risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the effect of coffee consumption on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration is still largely unknown. We therefore aim to investigate the role of coffee consumption in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration using dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging in PD and healthy controls (HC). METHODS A total of 138 PD patients and 75 HC with questionnaires about coffee consumption, and DAT scans were recruited from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort. Demographic, clinical, and striatal DAT characteristics were compared across subgroups of current, former, and never coffee consumers in PD and HC, respectively. Furthermore, partial correlation analyses were performed to determine whether there was a relationship between coffee cups consumed per day and striatal DAT characteristics in each striatal region. In addition, the factors that may have influenced the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were included in multiple linear regression analyses to identify significant contributing factors to DAT availability in each striatal region. RESULTS PD patients had lower DAT availability in each striatal region than HC (p < 0.001). In PD patients, there were significant differences in DAT availability in the caudate (p = 0.008, Bonferroni corrected) across three PD subgroups. Specifically, post hoc tests showed that current coffee consumers had significantly lower DAT availability in the caudate than former coffee consumers (p = 0.01) and never coffee consumers (p = 0.022). In HC, there were significant differences in DAT availability in the caudate (p = 0.031, Bonferroni uncorrected) across three HC subgroups. Specifically, post hoc tests showed that current coffee consumers had significantly lower DAT availability in the caudate than former coffee consumers (p = 0.022). Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that cups per day were negatively correlated with DAT availability in the caudate in current consumers of PD patients (r = - 0.219, p = 0.047). In addition, multiple linear regression analyses showed that current coffee consumption remained an independent predictor of decreased DAT availability in the caudate in PD patients and HC. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that current coffee consumption is associated with decreased striatal DAT availability in the caudate. However, the effects of caffeine on striatal DAT may fade and disappear after quitting coffee consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01141023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaopei Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No.88 Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yatham LN, Liddle PF, Gonzalez M, Saraf G, Vafai N, Lam RW, Sossi V. A Positron Emission Tomography Study of Dopamine Transporter Density in Patients With Bipolar Disorder With Current Mania and Those With Recently Remitted Mania. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:1217-1224. [PMID: 36322065 PMCID: PMC9631223 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although dopamine is implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), the precise alterations in the dopaminergic system remain unknown. Objective To assess dopamine transporter (DAT) density in the striatum in patients with BD with current and recently remitted mania in comparison to healthy control individuals and its correlation with severity of manic symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care referral center for mood disorders in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, recruited 26 patients with BD (9 with current mania; 17 with recently remitted mania) and 21 matched healthy control individuals. DAT density was measured using positron emission tomography with [11C]d-threo-methylphenidate (MP). The differences between the groups in nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) for DAT was assessed using statistical parametric mapping. The study was conducted from November 2001 to February 2007 and the data were analyzed from November 2020 to December 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures DAT density as indexed by BPND for MP across groups; manic symptom severity as measured with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and correlated with BPND values in patients with BD. Results Of 47 total participants (mean [SD] age, 37.8 [14.4] years), 27 (57.4%) were female; 26 individuals had BD (9 with current mania and 17 with recently remitted mania) and there were 21 healthy control individuals. MP BPND was significantly lower in patients with BD in the right putamen and nucleus accumbens (mean reduction [MR] = 22%; cluster level familywise error [FWE]-corrected P < .001) as well as left putamen and caudate (MR = 24%; cluster level FWE-corrected P < .001). The reduction in BPND was more extensive and pronounced in patients with current mania, while patients with recently remitted mania had lower BPND in the left striatum but not the right. There was a significant negative correlation between YMRS scores and MP BPND in the right striatum in patients with current mania (ρ = -0.93; 95% CI, -0.99 to -0.69; P < .001) and those with recently remitted mania (ρ = 0.64; 95% CI, -0.86 to -0.23; P = .005) but not in the left striatum in either group. Conclusions and Relevance These findings indicate that mania was associated with reduced DAT density and remitted mania was associated with DAT levels that approximated those present in individuals without BD. These results have potential implications for drug development for mania.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter F. Liddle
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marjorie Gonzalez
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Interior Health Authority, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gayatri Saraf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nasim Vafai
- Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, David Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Raymond W. Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vesna Sossi
- Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, David Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiu T, Xie F, Zeng Q, Shen Z, Du G, Xu X, Wang C, Li X, Luo X, Li K, Huang P, Zhang T, Zhang J, Dai S, Zhang M. Interactions between cigarette smoking and cognitive status on functional connectivity of the cortico-striatal circuits in individuals without dementia: A resting-state functional MRI study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1195-1204. [PMID: 35506354 PMCID: PMC9253779 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and controlling risk factors may curb the progression of AD. However, the underlying neural mechanisms of the effects of smoking on cognition remain largely unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the interaction effects of smoking × cognitive status on cortico‐striatal circuits, which play a crucial role in addiction and cognition, in individuals without dementia. Methods We enrolled 304 cognitively normal (CN) non‐smokers, 44 CN smokers, 130 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) non‐smokers, and 33 MCI smokers. The mixed‐effect analysis was performed to explore the interaction effects between smoking and cognitive status (CN vs. MCI) based on functional connectivity (FC) of the striatal subregions (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens [NAc]). Results The significant interaction effects of smoking × cognitive status on FC of the striatal subregions were detected in the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), bilateral cuneus, and bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Specifically, increased FC of right caudate to left IPL was found in CN smokers compared with non‐smokers. The MCI smokers showed decreased FC of right caudate to left IPL and of right putamen to bilateral cuneus and increased FC of bilateral NAc to bilateral ACC compared with CN smokers and MCI non‐smokers. Furthermore, a positive correlation between FC of the NAc to ACC with language and memory was detected in MCI smokers. Conclusions Cigarette smoking could affect the function of cortico‐striatal circuits in patients with MCI. Our findings suggest that quitting smoking in the prodromal stage of AD may have the potential to prevent disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Equipment and Medical Engineering, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guijin Du
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiaopei Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Cancer Center, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Shouping Dai
- Department of Radiology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schröder R, Reuter M, Faßbender K, Plieger T, Poulsen J, Lui SSY, Chan RCK, Ettinger U. The role of the SLC6A3 3' UTR VNTR in nicotine effects on cognitive, affective, and motor function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:489-507. [PMID: 34854936 PMCID: PMC8638222 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-06028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Nicotine has been widely studied for its pro-dopaminergic effects. However, at the behavioural level, past investigations have yielded heterogeneous results concerning effects on cognitive, affective, and motor outcomes, possibly linked to individual differences at the level of genetics. A candidate polymorphism is the 40-base-pair variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism (rs28363170) in the SLC6A3 gene coding for the dopamine transporter (DAT). The polymorphism has been associated with striatal DAT availability (9R-carriers > 10R-homozygotes), and 9R-carriers have been shown to react more strongly to dopamine agonistic pharmacological challenges than 10R-homozygotes. OBJECTIVES In this preregistered study, we hypothesized that 9R-carriers would be more responsive to nicotine due to genotype-related differences in DAT availability and resulting dopamine activity. METHODS N=194 non-smokers were grouped according to their genotype (9R-carriers, 10R-homozygotes) and received either 2-mg nicotine or placebo gum in a between-subject design. Spontaneous blink rate (SBR) was obtained as an indirect measure of striatal dopamine activity and smooth pursuit, stop signal, simple choice and affective processing tasks were carried out in randomized order. RESULTS Reaction times were decreased under nicotine compared to placebo in the simple choice and stop signal tasks, but nicotine and genotype had no effects on any of the other task outcomes. Conditional process analyses testing the mediating effect of SBR on performance and how this is affected by genotype yielded no significant results. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we could not confirm our main hypothesis. Individual differences in nicotine response could not be explained by rs28363170 genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kaja Faßbender
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Plieger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessie Poulsen
- Nicotine Science Center, Fertin Pharma A/S, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience (NACN) Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ulrich Ettinger
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Influence of DAT1 Promotor Methylation on Sports Performance. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091425. [PMID: 34573407 PMCID: PMC8464919 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian genome, DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involving the transfer of a methyl group onto the C5 position of the cytosine to form 5-methylcytosine. DNA methylation regulates gene expression by recruiting proteins involved in gene repression or by inhibiting the binding of transcription factors (TFs) to DNA. As there are still many questions concerning the role of methylation in creating personality, we concentrated on searching for such associations. The research group was 100 sports male subjects (mean age = 22.88, SD = 6.35), whereas the control group included 239 healthy male volunteers matched for age (mean age = 21.69, SD = 3.39), both of European origin. The methods used in our research were as follows: DNA isolation, methylation-specific PCR, sequencing chromatophores, all conducted according to the manufacturer’s procedure. To evaluate personality traits, the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI) and STAI Inventory were used. We observed the existence of a statistically significant correlation for all the aspects of personality covered and CpG islands’ methylation. Nonetheless, we think that the tested group and the number of tested promotor islands in the DAT1 gene are still too small to make explicit conclusions, so it needs further profound analysis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang C, Huang P, Shen Z, Qian W, Wang S, Jiaerken Y, Luo X, Li K, Zeng Q, Zhou C, Yang Y, Zhang M. Increased striatal functional connectivity is associated with improved smoking cessation outcomes: A preliminary study. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12919. [PMID: 32436626 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The striatum is the critical area of reward processing and has been repeatedly linked to nicotine addiction. However, it remains unclear whether different smoking cessation outcomes (relapse or not) are associated with different functional connectivity changes of the striatum during smoking cessation treatment. A total of 30 treatment-seeking smokers were recruited in the study and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans immediately before and after a 12-week treatment with varenicline. After the 12-week treatment with varenicline, 14 subjects relapsed to smoking (relapsers), whereas 16 not relapsed (nonrelapsers). Changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) across groups and visits were assessed using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Significant interaction effects were detected: (1) between left nucleus accumbens (NAc) and left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), insula, inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and bilateral precuneus; (2) between right NAc and left insula, IFG, and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC); and (3) between bilateral putamen and left precuneus. Post hoc region-of-interest analyses in brain areas showing interaction effects indicated significantly decreased rsFC after treatment compared with before treatment in relapsers but opposite longitudinal changes in nonrelapers. These novel findings suggest that increased striatal rsFC is associated with improved smoking cessation outcomes. These striatal functional circuits may serve as potential therapeutic targets for more efficacious treatment of nicotine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health Baltimore MD USA
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
12-h abstinence-induced functional connectivity density changes and craving in young smokers: a resting-state study. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 13:953-962. [PMID: 29926324 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Studying the neural correlates of craving to smoke is of great importance to improve treatment outcomes in smoking addiction. According to previous studies, the critical roles of striatum and frontal brain regions had been revealed in addiction. However, few studies focused on the hub of brain regions in the 12 h abstinence induced craving in young smokers. Thirty-one young male smokers were enrolled in the present study. A within-subject experiment design was carried out to compare functional connectivity density between 12-h smoking abstinence and smoking satiety conditions during resting state in young adult smokers by using functional connectivity density mapping (FCDM). Then, the functional connectivity density changes during smoking abstinence versus satiety were further used to examine correlations with abstinence-induced changes in subjective craving. We found young adult smokers in abstinence state (vs satiety) had higher local functional connectivity density (lFCD) and global functional connectivity density (gFCD) in brain regions including striatal subregions (i.e., bilateral caudate and putamen), frontal regions (i.e., anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbital frontal cortex (OFC)) and bilateral insula. We also found higher lFCD during smoking abstinence (vs satiety) in bilateral thalamus. Additionally, the lFCD changes of the left ACC, bilateral caudate and right OFC were positively correlated with the changes in craving induced by abstinence (i.e., abstinence minus satiety) in young adult smokers. The present findings improve the understanding of the effects of acute smoking abstinence on the hubs of brain gray matter in the abstinence-induces craving and may contribute new insights into the neural mechanism of abstinence-induced craving in young smokers in smoking addiction.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wiers CE, Lohoff FW, Lee J, Muench C, Freeman C, Zehra A, Marenco S, Lipska BK, Auluck PK, Feng N, Sun H, Goldman D, Swanson JM, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Methylation of the dopamine transporter gene in blood is associated with striatal dopamine transporter availability in ADHD: A preliminary study. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 48:1884-1895. [PMID: 30033547 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine transporters (DAT) are implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and are upregulated by chronic treatment with methylphenidate, commonly prescribed for ADHD. Methylation of the DAT1 gene in brain and blood has been associated with DAT expression in rodents' brains. Here we tested the association between methylation of the DAT1 promoter derived from blood and DAT availability in the striatum of unmedicated ADHD adult participants and in that of healthy age-matched controls (HC) using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and [11 C]cocaine. Results showed no between-group differences in DAT1 promoter methylation or striatal DAT availability. However, the degree of methylation in the promoter region of DAT1 correlated negatively with DAT availability in caudate in ADHD participants only. DAT availability in VS correlated with inattention scores in ADHD participants. We verified in a postmortem cohort with ADHD diagnosis and without, that DAT1 promoter methylation in peripheral blood correlated positively with DAT1 promoter methylation extracted from substantia nigra (SN) in both groups. In the cohort without ADHD diagnosis, DAT1 gene expression in SN further correlated positively with DAT protein expression in caudate; however, the sample size of the cohort with ADHD was insufficient to investigate DAT1 and DAT expression levels. Overall, these findings suggest that peripheral DAT1 promoter methylation may be predictive of striatal DAT availability in adults with ADHD. Due to the small sample size, more work is needed to validate whether DAT1 methylation in blood predicts DAT1 methylation in SN in ADHD and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinde E Wiers
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Falk W Lohoff
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jisoo Lee
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine Muench
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Clara Freeman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amna Zehra
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stefano Marenco
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Barbara K Lipska
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pavan K Auluck
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ningping Feng
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hui Sun
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David Goldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James M Swanson
- Child Development Center, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ashok AH, Mizuno Y, Howes OD. Tobacco smoking and dopaminergic function in humans: a meta-analysis of molecular imaging studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1119-1129. [PMID: 30887059 PMCID: PMC6591186 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE About 1.1 billion people smoke tobacco globally and tobacco-related health care costs 1.8% of GDP in many countries. The majority of people are unable to quit smoking despite pharmacological intervention, highlighting the need to understand the pathophysiology associated with tobacco smoking to aid the development of new therapeutics. The reinforcing effects of tobacco smoking are thought to be mediated by the dopamine system. However, the nature of dopamine dysfunction seen in smokers is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine the nature and robustness of the evidence for dopaminergic alterations in smokers. METHODS The entire MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies from inception date to November 18, 2018. In vivo human molecular imaging studies of dopamine measures (dopamine synthesis or release capacity, transporter levels, receptor levels) in tobacco smokers were selected. Demographic, clinical, and imaging measures were extracted from each study and meta-analyses, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria comprising a total sample of 219 tobacco smokers and 297 controls. The meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in dopamine transporter availability in the smokers relative to controls with an effect size of - 0.72 ([95% CI, - 1.38 to - 0.05], p = 0.03). However, there was no difference in D2/3 receptor availability in smokers relative to controls (d = -0.16 ([95% CI, - 0.42 to 0.1], p = 0.23). There were insufficient studies for meta-analysis of other measures. However, findings from the published studies indicated blunted dopamine release and lower D1 receptor availability, while findings for dopamine synthesis capacity were inconsistent. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that striatal dopamine transporter availability is lower but D2/3 receptors are unaltered in smokers relative to controls. We discuss the putative mechanisms underlying this and their implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishekh H. Ashok
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences Centre (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK ,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Du Cane Road, London, UK ,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB UK
| | - Yuya Mizuno
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB UK ,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences Centre (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK ,Psychiatric Imaging Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Du Cane Road, London, UK ,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yuan K, Yu D, Zhao M, Li M, Wang R, Li Y, Manza P, Shokri-Kojori E, Wiers CE, Wang GJ, Tian J. Abnormal frontostriatal tracts in young male tobacco smokers. Neuroimage 2018; 183:346-355. [PMID: 30130644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions in frontostriatal circuits have been associated with craving and cognitive control in smokers. However, the relevance of white matter (WM) diffusion properties of the ventral and dorsal frontostriatal tracts for behaviors associated with smoking remains relatively unknown, especially in young adulthood, a critical time period for the development and maintenance of addiction. Here, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and probabilistic tractography were used to investigate the WM tracts of the ventral and dorsal frontostriatal circuits in two independent studies (Study1: 36 male smokers (21.3 ± 1.3 years) vs. 35 male nonsmokers (21.2 ± 1.3 years); Study2: 29 male smokers (21.4 ± 1.1 years) vs. 25 male nonsmokers (21.0 ± 1.4 years)). Subjective craving was measured by the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU) and cognitive control ability was assessed with the Stroop task. In both studies, smokers committed more response errors than nonsmokers during the incongruent condition of the Stroop task. Relative to controls, smokers showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity in left medial orbitofrontal cortex-to-nucleus accumbens fiber tracts (ventral frontostriatal path) and also lower FA in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-to-caudate fiber tracts (dorsal frontostriatal path). The FA values of the right dorsal fibers were negatively correlated with incongruent response Stroop errors in smokers, whereas the mean diffusivity values of the left ventral fibers were positively correlated with craving in smokers. Thus, WM diffusion properties of the dorsal and ventral frontostriatal tracts were associated with cognitive control and craving, respectively, in young male tobacco smokers. These data highlight the importance of studying WM in relation to neuropsychological changes underlying smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China; Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China; Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, PR China.
| | - Dahua Yu
- Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, PR China
| | - Meng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China
| | - Min Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China
| | - Yangding Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, PR China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, PR China; Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee Y, Oh JS, Chung SJ, Chung SJ, Kim SJ, Nam CM, Lee PH, Kim JS, Sohn YH. Does smoking impact dopamine neuronal loss in de novo Parkinson disease? Ann Neurol 2017; 82:850-854. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonju Lee
- Department of Neurology; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jungsu S. Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine; University of Ulsan; Seoul South Korea
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Su Jin Chung
- Department of Neurology; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine; University of Ulsan; Seoul South Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine; University of Ulsan; Seoul South Korea
| | - Young H. Sohn
- Department of Neurology; Yonsei University College of Medicine; Seoul South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Artiges E, Leroy C, Dubol M, Prat M, Pepin A, Mabondo A, de Beaurepaire R, Beaufils B, Korwin JP, Galinowski A, D’Albis MA, Santiago-Ribeiro MJ, Granger B, Tzavara ET, Martinot JL, Trichard C. Striatal and Extrastriatal Dopamine Transporter Availability in Schizophrenia and Its Clinical Correlates: A Voxel-Based and High-Resolution PET Study. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1134-1142. [PMID: 28177089 PMCID: PMC5581903 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies investigating dopamine (DA) function widely support the hypothesis of presynaptic striatal DA hyperactivity in schizophrenia. However, published data on the striatal DA transporter (DAT) appear less consistent with this hypothesis, probably partly due to methodological limitations. Moreover, DAT in extrastriatal regions has been very poorly investigated in the context of schizophrenia. In order to address these issues, we used a high resolution positron emission tomograph and the selective DAT radioligand [11C]PE2I, coupled with a whole brain voxel-based analysis method to investigate DAT availability in striatal but also extra-striatal regions in 21 male chronic schizophrenia patients compared to 30 healthy male controls matched by age. We found higher DAT availability in schizophrenia patients in midbrain, striatal, and limbic regions. DAT availability in amygdala/hippocampus and putamen/pallidum was positively correlated with hallucinations and suspiciousness/persecution, respectively. These results are consistent with an increase of presynaptic DA function in patients with schizophrenia, and support the involvement of both striatal and extrastriatal DA dysfunction in positive psychotic symptoms. The study also highlights the whole brain voxel-based analysis method to explore DA dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Artiges
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,GH Nord Essonne, Psychiatry Department 91G16, Orsay Hospital, Orsay, France;,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, 4 place du Général Leclerc, 91401 Orsay cedex, France; tel: (33)-1-69-86-78-23, fax: (33)-1-69-86-78-10, e-mail:
| | - Claire Leroy
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), CEA, INSERM, CNRS, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Manon Dubol
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | - Marie Prat
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | - Audrey Pepin
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | - Audrey Mabondo
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | | | - Béatrice Beaufils
- Psychiatry Department, AP-HP, Corentin Celton Hospital, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | | | - André Galinowski
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France
| | | | | | - Bernard Granger
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,APHP Tarnier Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eleni T Tzavara
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,APHP Tarnier Hospital, Psychiatry Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France;,INSERM U1130 Research Unit, CNRS UMR 8246, UPMC UM CR18, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Christian Trichard
- INSERM, Research Unit 1000 “Neuroimaging and Psychiatry”, Paris Sud University-Paris Saclay University and Paris Descartes University, Orsay, France;,Psychiatry Department, Barthélémy Durand Hospital, Etampes, France;,These authors contributed equally to the article
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan K, Yu D, Bi Y, Wang R, Li M, Zhang Y, Dong M, Zhai J, Li Y, Lu X, Tian J. The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and caudate pathway: New evidence for cue-induced craving of smokers. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:4644-4656. [PMID: 28653791 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the striatum had been found in smoking cue induced craving task, whether and how the functional interactions and white matter integrity between these brain regions contribute to craving processing during smoking cue exposure remains unknown. Twenty-five young male smokers and 26 age- and gender-matched nonsmokers participated in the smoking cue-reactivity task. Craving related brain activation was extracted and psychophysiological interactions (PPI) analysis was used to specify the PFC-efferent pathways contributed to smoking cue-induced craving. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and probabilistic tractography was used to explore whether the fiber connectivity strength facilitated functional coupling of the circuit with the smoking cue-induced craving. The PPI analysis revealed the negative functional coupling of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the caudate during smoking cue induced craving task, which positively correlated with the craving score. Neither significant activation nor functional connectivity in smoking cue exposure task was detected in nonsmokers. DTI analyses revealed that fiber tract integrity negatively correlated with functional coupling in the DLPFC-caudate pathway and activation of the caudate induced by smoking cue in smokers. Moreover, the relationship between the fiber connectivity integrity of the left DLPFC-caudate and smoking cue induced caudate activation can be fully mediated by functional coupling strength of this circuit in smokers. The present study highlighted the left DLPFC-caudate pathway in smoking cue-induced craving in smokers, which may reflect top-down prefrontal modulation of striatal reward processing in smoking cue induced craving processing. Hum Brain Mapp 38:4644-4656, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education.,School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahua Yu
- School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Bi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education
| | - Ruonan Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education
| | - Min Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education
| | - Yajuan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education
| | - Minghao Dong
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education
| | - Jinquan Zhai
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangding Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multi-Source Information Mining and Security, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education.,Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yuan J, Liu XD, Han M, Lv RB, Wang YK, Zhang GM, Li Y. Comparison of striatal dopamine transporter levels in chronic heroin-dependent and methamphetamine-dependent subjects. Addict Biol 2017; 22:229-234. [PMID: 26040446 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To compare the effects of heroin and methamphetamine (METH) addiction on dopamine transporters (DATs) in the same dose and duration, we assessed DAT levels in the striatum by 99m Tc-TRODAT-1 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) brain images in people with heroin and METH dependence. We recruited 21 healthy human controls, 23 heroin-dependent subjects and 25 METH abusers. The heroin- and METH-dependent subjects exhibited negative urine toxicology after undergoing physiological detoxification. All subjects underwent SPECT brain imaging, and specific tracer uptake ratios (SURs) were assessed bilaterally in the regions of interest. A significant SUR reduction in heroin-dependent subjects and METH-dependent subjects compared with healthy controls was found in the left striatum, right striatum, left caudate nucleus, right caudate nucleus, left putamen and right putamen. There were no significant differences in the heroin group and METH group for the left striatum, right striatum, left caudate nucleus, right caudate nucleus, left putamen and right putamen. The scores of craving, HAMA (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale), in heroin abusers were lower than in the METH abusers. Our results show that people with heroin and METH dependence who are currently abstinent had lower DAT levels in the striatum than healthy controls. There were no differences in striatal DAT in heroin and METH users. These results suggest that chronic heroin and METH abuse appears to produce similar effects in striatal DAT in humans. METH users may have more serious craving and anxiety symptoms than heroin users with prolonged abstinence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Fudan University; China
| | - Xing Dang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Fudan University; China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; China
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Beijing Normal University; China
| | - Rong Bin Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Fudan University; China
| | - Yuan Kai Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Fudan University; China
| | | | - Yu Li
- Drug Rehabilitation Centre; China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gigante AF, Defazio G, Niccoli Asabella A, Superbo M, Ferrari C, Liuzzi D, Iliceto G, Livrea P, Rubini G. Smoking in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: preliminary striatal DaT-SPECT findings. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 134:265-70. [PMID: 26659996 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether cigarette smoking interferes with dopaminergic transmission in current- and never-smoking patients with Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Striatal [123I]FP-CIT single photon emission computed tomography was performed in 67 patients with Parkinson's disease (35 women and 32 men aging 60.8 ± 10.1 years and staging 1.76 ± 0.5 on the Hoehn and Yahr scale). At study time, there were 13 current-smokers and 54 never-smokers. RESULTS Current-smokers showed a significantly lower putamen/occipital [123I]FP-CIT ratio and a non-significant trend to a lower caudate/occipital [123I]FP-CIT ratio uptake. Current-smokers were also characterized by a lower off UPDRS-III motor score. A logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr staging, and medication indicated a significant lower [123I]FP-CIT uptake not only in the putamen (odds ratio, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.65; P = 0.02) but also in the caudate (odds ratio, 0.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.71; P = 0.015) as well as a lower UPDRS-III motor score (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 0.99; P = 0.04) in current-smokers. CONCLUSIONS The lower [123I]FP-CIT uptake together with the lower UPDRS-III motor score observed in our current-smokers patients with Parkinson's disease (even taking into account variables that are probably expression of dopaminergic neuron decline and treatment) would support an effect of smoking on dopaminergic synaptic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. F. Gigante
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs; “Aldo Moro” University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - G. Defazio
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs; “Aldo Moro” University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | | | - M. Superbo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs; “Aldo Moro” University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - C. Ferrari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - D.I.M.; “Aldo Moro” University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - D. Liuzzi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs; “Aldo Moro” University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - G. Iliceto
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs; “Aldo Moro” University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - P. Livrea
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs; “Aldo Moro” University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - G. Rubini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit - D.I.M.; “Aldo Moro” University of Bari; Bari Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yen CH, Shih MC, Cheng CY, Ma KH, Lu RB, Huang SY. Incongruent reduction of dopamine transporter availability in different subgroups of alcohol dependence. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4048. [PMID: 27537550 PMCID: PMC5370777 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence (AD) and major depression (MD), and males have more risk factors for the development of AD. However, imaging studies on brain DAT availability in males with AD comorbid with MD (AD/MD) are limited, and the association of DAT availability with cognitive function and depressive scores in patients with AD/MD has not been analyzed. Hence, this study examined the relationship between brain DAT availability, cognitive function, and depressive symptoms in different subgroups of males with AD.Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging with Tc-TRODAT-1 as a ligand was used to measure striatal DAT availability in 49 patients with AD (28 pure AD and 21 AD/MD) and 24 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were used to assess neurocognitive function and depressive scores, respectively. Patients with AD showed a significant reduction of DAT availability in 3 brain regions (P < 0.001), and this reduction was more pronounced in the patients with pure AD compared to healthy controls. The patients with AD showed significantly poorer performance on the WCST, but only in the control group was DAT availability significantly negatively correlated with total errors and perseverative errors (P < 0.001).These preliminary findings suggest that DAT availability is associated with neurocognitive function, and incongruent reduction of DAT may play a pathophysiological role in different subgroups of AD. In addition, decreased DAT availability may be associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with AD/MD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Mei-Chen Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Cheng-Yi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Kuo-Hsing Ma
- Department of Anatomy and Biology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Ru-Band Lu
- Institute of Behavior Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - San-Yuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center
- Correspondence: San-Yuan Huang, Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Cheng-Kung Road, Sec. 2, Nei-Hu, Taipei 11490, Taiwan, ROC (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rademacher L, Prinz S, Winz O, Henkel K, Dietrich CA, Schmaljohann J, Mohammadkhani Shali S, Schabram I, Stoppe C, Cumming P, Hilgers RD, Kumakura Y, Coburn M, Mottaghy FM, Gründer G, Vernaleken I. Effects of Smoking Cessation on Presynaptic Dopamine Function of Addicted Male Smokers. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:198-206. [PMID: 26803340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of abnormal cerebral dopamine transmission in nicotine-dependent smokers, but it is unclear whether dopaminergic abnormalities are due to acute nicotine abuse or whether they persist with abstinence. We addressed this question by conducting longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) examination of smokers before and after 3 months of abstinence. METHODS We obtained baseline 6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-DOPA (FDOPA)-PET scans in 15 nonsmokers and 30 nicotine-dependent smokers, who either smoked as per their usual habit or were in acute withdrawal. All smokers then underwent cessation treatment, and successful abstainers were re-examined by FDOPA-PET after 3 months of abstinence (n = 15). Uptake of FDOPA was analyzed using a steady-state model yielding estimates of the dopamine synthesis capacity (K); the turnover of tracer dopamine formed in living brain (kloss); and the tracer distribution volume (Vd), which is an index of dopamine storage capacity. RESULTS Compared with nonsmokers, K was 15% to 20% lower in the caudate nuclei of consuming smokers. Intraindividual comparisons of consumption and long-term abstinence revealed significant increases in K in the right dorsal and left ventral caudate nuclei. Relative to acute withdrawal, Vd significantly decreased in the right ventral and dorsal caudate after prolonged abstinence. Severity of nicotine dependence significantly correlated with dopamine synthesis capacity and dopamine turnover in the bilateral ventral putamen of consuming smokers. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a lower dopamine synthesis capacity in nicotine-dependent smokers that appears to normalize with abstinence. Further investigations are needed to clarify the role of dopamine in nicotine addiction to help develop smoking prevention and cessation treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rademacher
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Social Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Susanne Prinz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Rheinau, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Winz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
| | - Karsten Henkel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
| | - Claudia A Dietrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
| | | | | | - Ina Schabram
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Yoshitaka Kumakura
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Coburn
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen; Jülich/Aachen Research Alliance, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen; Jülich/Aachen Research Alliance, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ingo Vernaleken
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen; Jülich/Aachen Research Alliance, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yuan K, Yu D, Bi Y, Li Y, Guan Y, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qin W, Lu X, Tian J. The implication of frontostriatal circuits in young smokers: A resting-state study. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:2013-26. [PMID: 26918784 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical roles of frontostriatal circuits had been revealed in addiction. With regard to young smokers, the implication of frontostriatal circuits resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in smoking behaviors and cognitive control deficits remains unclear. In this study, the volume of striatum subsets, i.e., caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens, and corresponding RSFC differences were investigated between young smokers (n1 = 60) and nonsmokers (n2 = 60), which were then correlated with cigarette smoking measures, such as pack_years-cumulative effect of smoking, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)-severity of nicotine addiction, Questionnaire on Smoking Urges (QSU)-craving state, and Stroop task performances. Additionally, mediation analysis was carried out to test whether the frontostriatal RSFC mediates the relationship between striatum morphometry and cognitive control behaviors in young smokers when applicable. We revealed increased volume of right caudate and reduced RSFC between caudate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex in young smokers. Significant positive correlation between right caudate volume and QSU as well as negative correlation between anterior cingulate cortex-right caudate RSFC and FTND were detected in young smokers. More importantly, DLPFC-caudate RSFC strength mediated the relationship between caudate volume and incongruent errors during Stroop task in young smokers. Our results demonstrated that young smokers showed abnormal interactions within frontostriatal circuits, which were associated with smoking behaviors and cognitive control impairments. It is hoped that our study focusing on frontostriatal circuits could provide new insights into the neural correlates and potential novel therapeutic targets for treatment of young smokers. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2013-2026, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahua Yu
- Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhi Bi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangding Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Guan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixin Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Lu
- Information Processing Laboratory, School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, 014010, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tian
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Automation, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang KC, Wang SJ, Hsieh WC, Lirng JF, Yang CC, Deng JF, Lin CL, Chou YH. Longitudinal changes in the dopamine transporter and cognition in suicide attempters with charcoal burning. Psychiatry Res 2015; 231:160-7. [PMID: 25572798 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Suicide with charcoal burning, which results in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, is common in Asia. This study was designed to elucidate associations between changes in the dopamine transporter (DAT) and cognitive function in patients following CO poisoning during a follow-up period of 6 months. Participants comprised 31 healthy controls (HCs) and 21 CO poisoning patients. Each subject underwent single photon emission computed tomography with [(99m)Tc] TRODAT-1 to measure DAT availability and completed a cognitive battery assessing attention, memory, and executive function. For CO poisoning patients, a second DAT measurement and repeated cognitive evaluations were performed 6 months later. At baseline, DAT availability over bilateral striatum in CO poisoning subjects was significantly lower than in HCs. After 6 months, there was no significant change of DAT availability in CO poisoning patients. CO poisoning patients also had worse cognitive performance in all domains compared with HCs at baseline. After 6 months, most cognitive functions were significantly improved, except for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), a measure of executive function. Interestingly, changes in the WCST were significantly correlated with changes in DAT availability during the 6-month follow-up period. The persistence of reduced DAT availability and its association with impaired performance on the WCST indicate a crucial role of DAT in the recovery of executive function following CO poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Yang
- Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shyh-Jen Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Feng Lirng
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Fang Deng
- Department of Toxicology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lung Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hwa Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Camardese G, Di Giuda D, Di Nicola M, Cocciolillo F, Giordano A, Janiri L, Guglielmo R. Imaging studies on dopamine transporter and depression: a review of literature and suggestions for future research. J Psychiatr Res 2014; 51:7-18. [PMID: 24433847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We review the conflicting results from imaging studies of dopamine transporter availability in depressed patients and also discuss the heterogeneity of the variables involved. Major depression includes diverse clinical manifestations and in recent years there has been an increasing interest in the identification of homogeneous phenotypes and different clinical subtypes of depression, e.g. anhedonic depression, retarded depression, etc. In addition, the use of different radioligands and imaging techniques, diverse rating scales, together with the lack of control of clinical variables (clinical course, recent or past use of substances of abuse, etc.) make it difficult to clearly identify neuronal regions or networks with consistently abnormal structures or functions in major depressive disorder. It is probably necessary to build a shared approach between clinicians and researchers in order to identify standardized procedures to better understand the role of the dopamine transporter in depression. We outline a list of major issues and also suggest some standardized procedures in collecting clinical and imaging data on major depressed patients. Our aim is to delineate a possible "modus operandi" that would be a proposal for neuroreceptor studies on major depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Camardese
- Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - D Di Giuda
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - M Di Nicola
- Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - F Cocciolillo
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - A Giordano
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - L Janiri
- Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - R Guglielmo
- Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, L.go A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Thomsen G, Ziebell M, Jensen PS, da Cuhna-Bang S, Knudsen GM, Pinborg LH. No correlation between body mass index and striatal dopamine transporter availability in healthy volunteers using SPECT and [123I]PE2I. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1803-6. [PMID: 23696269 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dopamine plays an important role in both the rewarding and conditioning effects of food. These effects involve mesolimbic, mesocortical, and nigrostriatal pathways. In humans, the most consistent finding has been reduced striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability. In striatum, dopamine is inactivated by reuptake via the dopamine transporter (DAT). The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of lower DAT availability in obese healthy subjects using a selective DAT radiotracer in a sample of subjects with a wide range of BMI values. DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-three healthy subjects with a mean age of 48.4 ± 13.3 (range, 21-71) years and a mean BMI of 29.6 ± 7.8 kg/m2 (range, 21.0-49.5) were included in the study. We used [123I]PE2I and SPECT to measure DAT availability. RESULTS Using multiple linear regression analyses with striatal DAT as the dependent variable and BMI, age and gender as predictors was performed. We found no correlation between BMI and striatal DAT availability in striatum (P = 0.99), caudate nucleus (P = 0.61), and putamen (P = 0.30). Furthermore, we found no group difference between obese/severely obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and normal weight controls (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS We did not find any correlation between BMI and DAT availability in healthy volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Thomsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit 9201, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Thomsen G, Knudsen GM, Jensen PS, Ziebell M, Holst KK, Asenbaum S, Booij J, Darcourt J, Dickson JC, Kapucu OL, Nobili F, Sabri O, Sera T, Tatsch K, Tossici-Bolt L, Laere KV, Borght TV, Varrone A, Pagani M, Pinborg LH. No difference in striatal dopamine transporter availability between active smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers using [123I]FP-CIT (DaTSCAN) and SPECT. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:39. [PMID: 23688063 PMCID: PMC3671201 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways play important roles in both the rewarding and conditioning effects of drugs. The dopamine transporter (DAT) is of central importance in regulating dopaminergic neurotransmission and in particular in activating the striatal D2-like receptors. Molecular imaging studies of the relationship between DAT availability/dopamine synthesis capacity and active cigarette smoking have shown conflicting results. Through the collaboration between 13 SPECT centres located in 10 different European countries, a database of FP-CIT-binding in healthy controls was established. We used the database to test the hypothesis that striatal DAT availability is changed in active smokers compared to non-smokers and ex-smokers. Methods A total of 129 healthy volunteers were included. Subjects were divided into three categories according to past and present tobacco smoking: (1) non-smokers (n = 64), (2) ex-smokers (n = 39) and (3) active smokers (n = 26). For imaging of the DAT availability, we used [123I]FP-CIT (DaTSCAN) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Data were collected in collaboration between 13 SPECT centres located in 10 different European countries. The striatal measure of DAT availability was analyzed in a multiple regression model with age, SPECT centre and smoking as predictor. Results There was no statistically significant difference in DAT availability between the groups of active smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers (p = 0.34). Further, we could not demonstrate a significant association between striatal DAT and the number of cigarettes per day or total lifetime cigarette packages in smokers and ex-smokers. Conclusion Our results do not support the hypothesis that large differences in striatal DAT availability are present in smokers compared to ex-smokers and healthy volunteers with no history of smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Thomsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit 9201, Rigshospitalet and Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Costa A, la Fougère C, Pogarell O, Möller HJ, Riedel M, Ettinger U. Impulsivity is related to striatal dopamine transporter availability in healthy males. Psychiatry Res 2013; 211:251-6. [PMID: 23158972 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity characterises various psychiatric disorders, particularly attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Evidence shows that ADHD symptoms are associated with dopamine dysfunction and alleviated with methylphenidate, a drug that reduces dopamine transporter availability. ADHD-like symptoms and impulsive traits are continuously distributed across the general population. Here, we aimed to investigate the dopaminergic basis of impulsivity and other ADHD-related traits in healthy individuals by studying the association of these traits with striatal dopamine transporter availability. Single-photon emission computed tomography with [(123)I] FP-CIT was performed on 38 healthy males. Impulsivity was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and hyperactivity-impulsivity and inattention using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). We found that greater dopamine transporter availability was associated with higher BIS impulsivity but not with ADHD-related traits. The association with BIS was significant after accounting for individual differences in age and neuroticism. These results suggest that individual differences in the dopamine system may be a neural correlate of trait impulsivity in healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Costa
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chen KC, Yang YK, Howes O, Lee IH, Landau S, Yeh TL, Chiu NT, Chen PS, Lu RB, David AS, Bramon E. Striatal dopamine transporter availability in drug-naive patients with schizophrenia: a case-control SPECT study with [(99m)Tc]-TRODAT-1 and a meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2013; 39:378-86. [PMID: 22156764 PMCID: PMC3576153 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Central dopaminergic hyperactivity has been one of the main hypotheses of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia since the 1970s. Excess dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the striatum is hypothesized to alter the processing of information and result in psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) provides in vivo indices of DA neurotransmission. Our study aimed to compare dopamine transporter (DAT) availability between drug-naive patients with schizophrenia and controls using SPECT. DAT availability through [(99m)Tc]-TRODAT-1 SPECT was compared between 47 drug-naive patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and 112 healthy controls. We also conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of the available literature synthesizing the results of 6 comparable published articles as well as our current data. The mean specific striatal binding showed a statistical trend for a reduction among the patients compared with controls (estimated difference = 0.071; 95% CI -0.01, 0.15; P = .08). There was an effect of gender, whereby females had a higher ratio of specific striatal binding than males. Age was negatively correlated with the ratio of specific striatal binding, both in patients and controls. The meta-analysis provided a pooled standardized effect size (Cohen's d) of -0.07 (95% CI -0.31, 0.18; P = .60) for the patient vs control comparison in TRODAT binding, with no evidence of heterogeneity between studies or publication bias. Our findings suggest that striatal DAT levels are not altered in the early stages of schizophrenia before medication is introduced. We identified gender differences and aging effects that could have significance for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen Kuang Yang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +886-6-2353535 ext. 5213, fax: +886-6-2759259, e-mail:
| | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sabine Landau
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nan Tsing Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po See Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, National ChengKung University Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Ru Band Lu
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Anthony S. David
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Martin-Soelch C. Neuroadaptive changes associated with smoking: structural and functional neural changes in nicotine dependence. Brain Sci 2013; 3:159-76. [PMID: 24961312 PMCID: PMC4061825 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci3010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the most frequent form of substance abuse. We provide a review of the neuroadaptive changes evidenced in human smokers with regard to the current neurobiological models of addiction. Addiction is thought to result from an interplay between positive and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcing effects of the drugs are mediated by striatal dopamine release, while negative reinforcement involves the relief of withdrawal symptoms and neurobiological stress systems. In addition, drug-related stimuli are attributed with excessive motivational value and are thought to exert a control on the behavior. This mechanism plays a central role in drug maintenance and relapse. Further neuroadaptive changes associated with chronic use of the drug consist of reduced responses to natural rewards and in the activation of an antireward system, related to neurobiological stress systems. Reduced inhibitory cognitive control is believed to support the development and the maintenance of addiction. The findings observed in human nicotine dependence are generally in line with these models. The current state of the research indicates specific neuroadaptive changes associated with nicotine addiction that need to be further elucidated with regard to their role in the treatment of nicotine dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Martin-Soelch
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Leroy C, Karila L, Martinot JL, Lukasiewicz M, Duchesnay E, Comtat C, Dollé F, Benyamina A, Artiges E, Ribeiro MJ, Reynaud M, Trichard C. Striatal and extrastriatal dopamine transporter in cannabis and tobacco addiction: a high-resolution PET study. Addict Biol 2012; 17:981-90. [PMID: 21812871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) system is known to be involved in the reward and dependence mechanisms of addiction. However, modifications in dopaminergic neurotransmission associated with long-term tobacco and cannabis use have been poorly documented in vivo. In order to assess striatal and extrastriatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in tobacco and cannabis addiction, three groups of male age-matched subjects were compared: 11 healthy non-smoker subjects, 14 tobacco-dependent smokers (17.6 ± 5.3 cigarettes/day for 12.1 ± 8.5 years) and 13 cannabis and tobacco smokers (CTS) (4.8 ± 5.3 cannabis joints/day for 8.7 ± 3.9 years). DAT availability was examined in positron emission tomography (HRRT) with a high resolution research tomograph after injection of [11C]PE2I, a selective DAT radioligand. Region of interest and voxel-by-voxel approaches using a simplified reference tissue model were performed for the between-group comparison of DAT availability. Measurements in the dorsal striatum from both analyses were concordant and showed a mean 20% lower DAT availability in drug users compared with controls. Whole-brain analysis also revealed lower DAT availability in the ventral striatum, the midbrain, the middle cingulate and the thalamus (ranging from -15 to -30%). The DAT availability was slightly lower in all regions in CTS than in subjects who smoke tobacco only, but the difference does not reach a significant level. These results support the existence of a decrease in DAT availability associated with tobacco and cannabis addictions involving all dopaminergic brain circuits. These findings are consistent with the idea of a global decrease in cerebral DA activity in dependent subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leroy
- INSERM U1000 Research Unit 'Neuroimaging & Psychiatry', IFR49, Orsay, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
van de Giessen E, Hesse S, Caan MWA, Zientek F, Dickson JC, Tossici-Bolt L, Sera T, Asenbaum S, Guignard R, Akdemir UO, Knudsen GM, Nobili F, Pagani M, Vander Borght T, Van Laere K, Varrone A, Tatsch K, Booij J, Sabri O. No association between striatal dopamine transporter binding and body mass index: a multi-center European study in healthy volunteers. Neuroimage 2012; 64:61-7. [PMID: 22982354 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine is one among several neurotransmitters that regulate food intake and overeating. Thus, it has been linked to the pathophysiology of obesity and high body mass index (BMI). Striatal dopamine D(2) receptor availability is lower in obesity and there are indications that striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability is also decreased. In this study, we tested whether BMI and striatal DAT availability are associated. METHODS The study included 123 healthy individuals from a large European multi-center database. They had a BMI range of 18.2-41.1 kg/m(2) and were scanned using [(123)I]FP-CIT SPECT imaging. Scans were analyzed with both region-of-interest and voxel-based analysis to determine the binding potential for DAT availability in the caudate nucleus and putamen. A direct relation between BMI and DAT availability was assessed and groups with high and low BMI were compared for DAT availability. RESULTS No association between BMI and striatal DAT availability was found. CONCLUSION The lack of an association between BMI and striatal DAT availability suggests that the regulation of striatal synaptic dopamine levels by DAT plays no or a limited role in the pathophysiology of overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Recent advances in imaging of dopaminergic neurons for evaluation of neuropsychiatric disorders. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:259349. [PMID: 22570524 PMCID: PMC3335602 DOI: 10.1155/2012/259349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is the most intensely studied monoaminergic neurotransmitter. Dopaminergic neurotransmission plays an important role in regulating several aspects of basic brain function, including motor, behavior, motivation, and working memory. To date, there are numerous positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radiotracers available for targeting different steps in the process of dopaminergic neurotransmission, which permits us to quantify dopaminergic activity in the living human brain. Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system causes Parkinson's disease (PD) and related Parkinsonism. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that has been classically associated with the reinforcing effects of drug abuse. Abnormalities within the dopamine system in the brain are involved in the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Dopamine receptors play an important role in schizophrenia and the effect of neuroleptics is through blockage of dopamine D2 receptors. This review will concentrate on the radiotracers that have been developed for imaging dopaminergic neurons, describe the clinical aspects in the assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and suggest future directions in the diagnosis and management of such disorders.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the number of packs smoked per day and specific uptake ratio (SUR) in the striatum on Tc-99m TRODAT, and frequency of hand tremor. METHODS It was a prospective, cross-sectional study. In all, 23 healthy nonsmokers and 37 current smokers were recruited in the study. All subjects underwent Tc-99m TRODAT SPECT, brain CT scan, thyroid function test, tremor measurement system, and neurologic examinations. RESULTS There were significant differences in the SUR in the striatum on Tc-99m TRODAT and in the frequency of hand tremor in rest state and in arm extended state among nonsmokers (grade I), current smokers with less than 1 pack smoked per day (grade II), and current smokers with equal or more than 1 pack smoked per day (grade III) by ANOVA (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, there was a significantly negative correlation between smoke grade and SUR in the striatum on Tc-99m TRODAT by multiple linear regression (β = -0.45, P < 0.001). Smoke grade was the significant predictor for the frequency of hand tremor in rest state and in arm extended state, after adjusting for age and gender by multiple linear regression (β = 14.70, P < 0.001; β = 15.37, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is a dose-response relationship between the number of packs smoked per day and SUR in the striatum, and the frequency of hand tremor. Decreased dopamine transporter binding in the striatum and increased frequency of hand tremor in smokers may have important implications for evaluating the impact of smoking on the central and peripheral nerve systems.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen PS, Yeh TL, Lee IH, Lin CB, Tsai HC, Chen KC, Chiu NT, Yao WJ, Yang YK, Chou YH. Effects of C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene on availability of dopamine transporter in healthy volunteers — A SPECT study. Neuroimage 2011; 56:1526-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
31
|
Danielson K, Truman P, Kivell BM. The effects of nicotine and cigarette smoke on the monoamine transporters. Synapse 2011; 65:866-79. [DOI: 10.1002/syn.20914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
32
|
Fernagut PO, Li Q, Dovero S, Chan P, Wu T, Ravenscroft P, Hill M, Chen Z, Bezard E. Dopamine transporter binding is unaffected by L-DOPA administration in normal and MPTP-treated monkeys. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14053. [PMID: 21124922 PMCID: PMC2989907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotracer imaging of the presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is used to assess disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may provide a useful adjunct to clinical assessment during therapeutic trials of potential neuroprotective agents. Several clinical trials comparing dopamine agonists to L-DOPA or early vs. late L-DOPA have revealed differences between clinical assessment and imaging of the presynaptic dopaminergic system, hence questioning the comparability of these measures as neuroprotection outcome variables. Thus, results of these studies may have been affected by factors other than the primary biological process investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings We tested the possibility that L-DOPA might interfere with DAT binding. Post-mortem DAT binding was conducted in normal and MPTP-treated macaque monkeys that were administered L-DOPA, acutely or chronically. In parallel, DAT SPECT was conducted in MPTP-treated animals that were administered chronic L-DOPA. [99mTc]TRODAT-1 SPECT binding was similarly reduced in all MPTP monkeys regardless of L-DOPA treatment. L-DOPA had no significant effect on post-mortem DAT binding either in saline or in MPTP-lesioned animals. Conclusions/Significance These data indicate that L-DOPA does not induce modifications of DAT expression detectable by SPECT of by DAT binding autoradiography, suggesting that differences between clinical assessment and radiotracer imaging in clinical trials may not be specifically related to L-DOPA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Université Victor Segalen-Bordeaux 2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Bordeaux Institute of Neuroscience, UMR 5227, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Abstract
This chapter will review the literature on differences in the brain chemistry of alcohol- and drug-dependent individuals compared to healthy controls as measured with positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography. Specifically, alterations in dopamine, serotonin, opioid, and GABA systems in cocaine, alcohol, nicotine, and heroin dependence have been examined. These neurochemical systems are integrated and play significant roles in a final common pathway mediating addiction in the brain. One recurrent finding is that dopaminergic dysfunction is prevalent in both alcohol and drug dependent populations, and specifically there is a lower availability of dopamine type 2/3 receptors in cocaine-, alcohol-, nicotine-, and heroin-dependent individuals compared to healthy controls. The development of novel radiotracers that target additional receptor systems will further our understanding of the neurochemical basis of addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
We utilized a cohort of 828 treatment-seeking self-identified white cigarette smokers (50% female) to rank candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), a measure of nicotine dependence which assesses quantity of cigarettes smoked and time- and place-dependent characteristics of the respondent's smoking behavior. A total of 1123 SNPs at 55 autosomal candidate genes, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and genes involved in dopaminergic function, were tested for association to baseline FTND scores adjusted for age, depression, education, sex, and study site. SNP P-values were adjusted for the number of transmission models, the number of SNPs tested per candidate gene, and their intragenic correlation. DRD2, SLC6A3, and NR4A2 SNPs with adjusted P-values <0.10 were considered sufficiently noteworthy to justify further genetic, bioinformatic, and literature analyses. Each independent signal among the top-ranked SNPs accounted for approximately 1% of the FTND variance in this sample. The DRD2 SNP appears to represent a novel association with nicotine dependence. The SLC6A3 SNPs have previously been shown to be associated with SLC6A3 transcription or dopamine transporter density in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo. Analysis of SLC6A3 and NR4A2 SNPs identified a statistically significant gene-gene interaction (P=0.001), consistent with in vitro evidence that the NR4A2 protein product (NURR1) regulates SLC6A3 transcription. A community cohort of N=175 multiplex ever-smoking pedigrees (N=423 ever smokers) provided nominal evidence for association with the FTND at these top ranked SNPs, uncorrected for multiple comparisons.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia and psychosis originated from observations of the dopamine-blocking actions of early neuroleptic drugs. These results support the dopamine hypothesis, however, only on the assumption that the drugs act by reversing an underlying disease mechanism (or part of it). An alternative explanation is that the drugs work by inducing a state of neurological suppression that reduces the intensity of symptoms. Although stimulant drugs are known to induce episodes of psychosis, the mechanism for stimulant-induced psychosis has not been clarified, and stimulants are known to affect many neurotransmitters other than dopamine. Recent imaging studies suggest that there may be increased dopamine release in response to amphetamine administration compared to controls. Some studies indicate increased uptake of L-dopa in parts of the striatum, but some do not. The potential confounding effects of factors associated with dopamine release--such as movement, arousal, attention, stress, and smoking--have rarely been examined, and prior medication use may also have influenced results in some studies. Comparable research on other psychiatric conditions associated with increased arousal, stress, and physical activity is sparse. Research on dopamine concentrations in postmortem brain tissue, on homovanillic acid concentrations, and on dopamine receptors has been negative or inconclusive. Therefore, the idea that the symptoms of psychosis or schizophrenia are caused by the overactivity of dopamine is not supported by current evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moncrieff
- Department of Mental Health Sciences, University College London, North East London Mental Health Trust, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Dome P, Lazary J, Kalapos MP, Rihmer Z. Smoking, nicotine and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2009; 34:295-342. [PMID: 19665479 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption, but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of smoking and its health consequences among psychiatric patients are widely known, the neurobiological background of this epidemiological association is still obscure. The diverse neuroactive effects of NIC and some other major tobacco smoke constituents in the central nervous system may underlie this association. This present paper summarizes the pharmacology of NIC and its receptors (nAChR) based on a systematic review of the literature. The role of the brain's reward system(s) in NIC addiction and the results of functional and structural neuroimaging studies on smoking-related states and behaviors (i.e. dependence, craving, withdrawal) are also discussed. In addition, the epidemiological, neurobiological, and genetic aspects of smoking in several specific neuropsychiatric disorders are reviewed and the clinical relevance of smoking in these disease states addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dome
- Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Kutvolgyi Clinical Center, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Kutvolgyi ut 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
van de Giessen EM, de Win MML, Tanck MWT, van den Brink W, Baas F, Booij J. Striatal dopamine transporter availability associated with polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3. J Nucl Med 2008; 50:45-52. [PMID: 19091889 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.108.053652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Polymorphisms in the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene SLC6A3 are associated with human striatal DAT expression, but the exact effects on DAT expression are not clear. A variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the 3' untranslated region of the DAT gene was previously investigated in relation to striatal DAT availability, but the results were inconclusive. Other polymorphisms in the DAT gene were not extensively studied. Therefore, we investigated whether polymorphisms in both 3' and 5' ends of the DAT gene show association with in vivo striatal DAT expression. METHODS The subjects were an ethnically homogeneous group of 79 healthy young adults. Striatal DAT availability was measured with 123I-(2-beta-carbomethoxy-3-beta(4-iodophenyl)-tropane) (123I-beta-CIT) SPECT. The 40-base-pair VNTR in the 3' untranslated region of the DAT gene and the 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2652511 and rs2937639 in the 5' end of the DAT gene were genotyped. Multiple-regression analysis was performed for each of the 3 polymorphisms. Analysis of the combination of the polymorphisms (haplotype analysis) was conducted for the triad rs2652511-rs2937639-VNTR. RESULTS For the VNTR, the 9-repeat (9R) allele was associated with significantly higher striatal DAT expression than was the 10-repeat (10R) allele (P=0.002). Subanalysis suggested a dominant effect for the 9R allele. Neither SNP rs2652511 nor SNP rs2937639 was associated with striatal DAT availability. The haplotype T-A-9R (rs2652511-rs2937639-VNTR) was significantly more associated with higher striatal DAT expression than were the other haplotypes (P=0.009). CONCLUSION The DAT VNTR 9R carriers have higher striatal DAT availability than do 10R homozygotes. This finding replicates former studies that included healthy subjects and also used 123I-beta-CIT SPECT. Our haplotype analysis identified a subgroup of 9R carriers, the T-A-9R, which appears to be mainly responsible for the association with higher striatal DAT availability. Thus, a combination of polymorphisms in both the 3' and the 5' ends of the DAT gene is associated with in vivo striatal DAT expression. This finding in healthy subjects may contribute to research on DAT availability and genotype in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M van de Giessen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Crits-Christoph P, Newberg A, Wintering N, Ploessl K, Gibbons MBC, Ring-Kurtz S, Gallop R, Present J. Dopamine transporter levels in cocaine dependent subjects. Drug Alcohol Depend 2008; 98:70-6. [PMID: 18565692 PMCID: PMC2564619 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2007] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use is a significant problem in the US and it is well established that cocaine binds to the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the brain. This study was designed to determine if the DAT levels measured by 99mTc TRODAT SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) brain scans are altered in cocaine dependent subjects and to explore clinical correlates of such alterations. SPECT brain scans were acquired on 21 cocaine dependent subjects and 21 healthy matched controls. There were significantly higher DAT levels in cocaine dependent subjects compared to controls for the anterior putamen (p=0.003; Cohen's d effect size=0.98), posterior putamen (p<0.001; effect size=1.32), and caudate (p=0.003; effect size=0.97). DAT levels in these regions were 10%, 17%, and 8% higher in the cocaine dependent subjects compared to controls. DAT levels were unrelated to craving, severity of cocaine use, or duration of cocaine use, but DAT levels in the caudate and anterior putamen were significantly (p<0.05) negatively correlated with days since last use of cocaine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Crits-Christoph
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 650, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Andrew Newberg
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania 110 Donner Building, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nancy Wintering
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania 110 Donner Building, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl Ploessl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania 110 Donner Building, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mary Beth Connolly Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Market Street, Suite 650, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah Ring-Kurtz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Market Street, Suite 650, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert Gallop
- Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, West Chester University, 323B Anderson Hall, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
| | - Julie Present
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Market Street, Suite 650, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lucignani G. Clinical use of dopamine transporter imaging in movement disorders: benefits of appropriate use. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35:1213-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-008-0792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Krause J. SPECT and PET of the dopamine transporter in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 2008; 8:611-25. [PMID: 18416663 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.8.4.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of frontostriatal circuits, which are modulated by dopamine, have been found by brain imaging studies in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). With special radiolabeled ligands selective imaging of the dopamine transporter (DAT), which has a key function in dopamine metabolism, can be performed by SPECT and PET. Most of the studies showed a higher DAT availability in untreated patients with ADHD compared with controls. The relationship between DAT availability and a polymorphism of DAT1 gene in patients with ADHD is not clear and the results are controversial. It has been shown that methylphenidate lowers DAT availability very effectively in normal people and in patients with ADHD. First results seem to indicate that nonresponders to methylphenidate among ADHD patients have a low primary DAT availability, whereas patients with a good response to the drug have high DAT. Nicotine seems to lower DAT availability such as stimulant medication; this may explain the high percentage of smokers among patients with ADHD. Zinc is a DAT inhibitor and seems to have a positive therapeutic effect on ADHD symptoms. This article reviews the function and structure of the DAT, the results of DAT imaging with SPECT and PET, the relations between DAT availability and the DAT1 gene polymorphism, the influence of stimulants on DAT and the significance of DAT for therapeutic response, nicotine, zinc and psychotic symptoms in patients with ADHD.
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang YK, Yao WJ, Yeh TL, Lee IH, Chen PS, Lu RB, Chiu NT. Decreased dopamine transporter availability in male smokers -- a dual isotope SPECT study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:274-9. [PMID: 17900774 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 08/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the mesolimbic dopaminergic system has been shown to play a role in reinforcing tobacco smoking, results of imaging studies that examine the relationship between tobacco smoking and the central dopamine system remain discrepant. To delineate the role of tobacco addiction in central pre- and post-synaptic dopaminergic activities, we analyzed the central D2-family receptors, the dopamine transporters (DAT), and degrees of dependence in male smokers. METHODS Eleven male smokers and 11 healthy non-smokers were recruited. The striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability was approximated using SPECT and [123 I] IBZM while the DAT availability was approximated using SPECT and [99m Tc] TRODAT-1. All of the smokers completed the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and other related questionnaires. RESULTS A decrease in DAT availability in the striatum of male smokers is noted (p<05). However, the striatal D2/D3 receptor availability in male smokers does not differ from that of non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cigarette smoking may alter central dopamine functions in males, particularly at the pre-synaptic sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Kuang Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, 138 Sheng Li Road, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|