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Han SP, Kumwenda B. Bridging the digital divide: Promoting equal access to online learning for health professions in an unequal world. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024. [PMID: 38860836 DOI: 10.1111/medu.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Online learning has the potential to enhance open and equitable access to medical education resources globally. Conversely, there are also concerns that it can perpetuate and exacerbate digital inequalities between developed (global North) and developing (global South) countries. In this article, we describe the historical lack of representation of the global South in the design of online medical education, as well as the resulting consequences and potential solutions. We compare the Northern and Southern views of online learning in medical education and identify the different types of barriers to its adoption. We describe how socioeconomic disparities and the historical dominance of the global North over the global South have led to systemic digital inequalities in the design and implementation of online learning in education generally, and in medical education particularly. The lack of representation of global South voices hinders the development of digital learning solutions relevant to local contexts, therefore limiting their effectiveness and sustainability. Thus, we propose approaches to build more equitable partnerships by soliciting local input and local expertise. Further, we discuss the need to maintain local relevance while setting global standards. Overall, we hope to inform and guide the development of more equitable and accessible online education training for a diverse global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Ping Han
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ben Kumwenda
- Centre for Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Lee J, Kwon HJ, Park SY, Jung JH. Importance of multimodal resident education curriculum for general surgeons: perspectives of trainers and trainees. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:518. [PMID: 38730375 PMCID: PMC11088119 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Satisfaction should be prioritized to maximize the value of education for trainees. This study was conducted with professors, fellows, and surgical residents in the Department of general surgery (GS) to evaluate the importance of various educational modules to surgical residents. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to professors (n = 28), fellows (n = 8), and surgical residents (n = 14), and the responses of the three groups were compared. Four different categories of educational curricula were considered: instructor-led training, clinical education, self-paced learning, and hands-on training. RESULTS The majority of surgeons regarded attending scrubs as the most important educational module in the training of surgical residents. However, while professors identified assisting operators by participating in surgery as the most important, residents assessed the laparoscopic training module with animal models as the most beneficial. CONCLUSIONS The best educational training course for surgical residents was hands-on training, which would provide them with several opportunities to operate and perform surgical procedures themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Hoguk-Ro 807, Buk-Gu, 41404, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Hoguk-Ro 807, Buk-Gu, 41404, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Park
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Hoguk-Ro 807, Buk-Gu, 41404, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyang Jung
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Hoguk-Ro 807, Buk-Gu, 41404, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Michels-Zetsche JD, Schubert-Haack J, Tanck K, Neetz B, Iberl G, Müller M, Kempa A, Joves B, Rheinhold A, Ghiani A, Tsitouras K, Schneider A, Rauch C, Gehrig P, Biehler E, Fleischauer T, Britsch S, Frerk T, Szecsenyi J, Herth FJF, Trudzinski FC. E-learning-an interventional element of the PRiVENT project to improve weaning expertise. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:420. [PMID: 38641835 PMCID: PMC11027525 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRiVENT (PRevention of invasive VENTilation) is an evaluation of a bundle of interventions aimed at the prevention of long-term invasive mechanical ventilation. One of these elements is an e-learning course for healthcare professionals to improve weaning expertise. The aim of our analysis is to examine the implementation of the course in cooperating intensive care units. METHODS The course has been developed through a peer review process by pulmonary and critical care physicians in collaboration with respiratory therapists, supported by health services researchers and a professional e-learning agency. The e-learning platform "weLearn" was made available online to participating healthcare professionals. Feedback on the e-learning programme was obtained and discussed in quality circles (QCs). We measured the acceptance and use of the programme through access statistics. RESULTS The e-learning course "Joint Prevention of Long-Term Ventilation" consists of 7 separate modules with practice-oriented training units as well as a cross-module area and corresponding interactive case studies. Users can receive 23 CME (continuing medical education) credits. The platform was released on July 1, 2021. By June 28, 2023, 214 users from 33 clinics had registered. Most users (77-98%) completed the modules, thus performing well in the test, where 90-100% passed. In the QCs, the users commended the structure and practical relevance of the programme, as well as the opportunity to earn CME credits. CONCLUSION Especially for medical staff in intensive care units, where continuous training is often a challenge during shift work, e-learning is a useful supplement to existing medical training. TRIAL REGISTRATION The PRiVENT study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05260853) on 02/03/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Michels-Zetsche
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Thoraxklinik, University Hosptial Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Janina Schubert-Haack
- aQua Institute for Applied Quality Improvement and Research in Health Care, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Tanck
- Common Sense eLearning & Training Consultants GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Neetz
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Thoraxklinik, University Hosptial Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Iberl
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Thoraxklinik, University Hosptial Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Thoraxklinik, University Hosptial Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Kempa
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, SLK Loewenstein Lung Center, Loewenstein, Germany
| | - Biljana Joves
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, SLK Loewenstein Lung Center, Loewenstein, Germany
| | - Andreas Rheinhold
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, SLK Loewenstein Lung Center, Loewenstein, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ghiani
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus Klinik Schillerhöhe, Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Tsitouras
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus Klinik Schillerhöhe, Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Armin Schneider
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Waldburg-Zeil Kliniken, Wangen im Allgäu, Germany
| | - Christoph Rauch
- Department of Pneumology, Critical Care and Allergology, Lung Centre South-West, Wangen im Allgäu, Germany
| | - Patrick Gehrig
- Department of Pneumology, Critical Care and Allergology, Lung Centre South-West, Wangen im Allgäu, Germany
| | - Elena Biehler
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleischauer
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Britsch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Haemostaseology and Medical Intensive Care, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS) and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Timm Frerk
- aQua Institute for Applied Quality Improvement and Research in Health Care, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joachim Szecsenyi
- aQua Institute for Applied Quality Improvement and Research in Health Care, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Thoraxklinik, University Hosptial Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska C Trudzinski
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Thoraxklinik, University Hosptial Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
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Jin R, Addison S, Kitchin V, Golden DW, Tam V, Ingledew PA. Assessing the Landscape in Medical Education Literature in Medical Oncology: A Scoping Review. JCO Oncol Pract 2024; 20:558-565. [PMID: 38315938 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Medical oncology and medical education (ME) have both expanded exponentially over the past 50 years; thus, it is important to understand the current status of postgraduate medical oncology education and develop ways to advance this field. This study undertakes a scoping review of ME literature in medical oncology to inform future scholarship in this area. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, and Web of Science were searched to find peer-reviewed English language articles on postgraduate ME in medical oncology published from 2009 to 2020. Established scoping review methodologies were used in study design; articles were classified by specialty, learner training level, region of authorship, institution type, year of publication, journal type, study methodology, and research topic. Curriculum intervention, scholarship, and domain(s) of physician competency were also assessed. The results were interpreted using descriptive statistics and collated using predetermined conceptual frameworks. RESULTS A total of 2,959 references were initially found across four databases. After title and abstract screening, 305 articles remained; after full-text review, 144 articles were included in final analysis. Postgraduate medical oncology education research is increasing, with the majority of articles published in North America. Quantitative studies were most common, primarily survey approaches. For physician competencies, professionalism and medical expertise comprised the large majority of article focuses, whereas very few articles addressed leadership or health advocacy. Curriculum development, professional development, and communication skills were dominant research themes while no articles discussed teacher training. CONCLUSION Although areas such as professionalism and communication skills are well-studied, medical oncology ME research is lacking in leadership, health advocacy, and teacher training. This study provides valuable guidance for future ME research in medical oncology and establishes a benchmark to examine changes in educational scholarship over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Jin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sean Addison
- Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Daniel W Golden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Chicago, Faculty of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center at Silver Cross Hospital, New Lenox, IL
| | - Vincent Tam
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paris-Ann Ingledew
- Department of Surgery, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Gogollari A, Mitchell S, Guttormsen S. Swiss medical schools' experiences with online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic in light of international experiences. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:242. [PMID: 38448941 PMCID: PMC10916260 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the pandemic, all universities had to switch to digital learning and teaching (DLT), the experiences were diverse. The advantages and obstacles of DLT are well reported in research. To ensure a sustainable DLT implementation, the requirements of institutions, educators and students should be aligned. OBJECTIVE This paper aims at identifying and describing the experiences made at the Swiss medical schools after having to switch from on-site to on-line teaching; in particular, the experienced issues, requirements, and solutions were investigated and compared to international literature. METHODS We conducted a literature review to derive themes and subthemes regarding the central aspects of the transition from on-site to on-line teaching. Also, we conducted semi-structured interviews with people responsible for the medical curricula at the Swiss Medical Schools. We used a purposive sampling method and invited eleven curriculum managers at the seven Swiss Medical Schools. The interviews were conducted in English, audio-recorded and transcribed. Subsequently the data was analysed with the software NVivo. We used a qualitative, deductive, content analysis to explore faculty experiences. RESULTS Twenty-four articles met the eligibility criteria and were included for full text screening. Of the included articles, 15 reported on DLT in general and nine articles reported on DLT during the Pandemic. The thematic analysis of the interviews resulted in four overall themes, requirements, obstacles, facilitators and advantages. Curriculum managers reported that institutions were relatively unprepared for the quick transition from onsite to online at the onset of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Our research reports a lack of institutional structures, communication, digital competences and literacy, teaching strategies, as well as a theoretical foundation for DLT implementation. A conceptual framework for DLT adapted to the Swiss universities beyond the current situation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemisa Gogollari
- Institute of Medical Education, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Sharon Mitchell
- Institute of Medical Education, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sissel Guttormsen
- Institute of Medical Education, University of Bern, Mittelstrasse 43, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Jedwab R, Boas S, Potashner D, Ostrovsky D, Wacht O, Taragin BH, Gat T, Dayan RR, Fuchs L. A Comparison of Online Self-Training and Standard Bedside Training in Lung Ultrasonography for Medical Students. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2024; 99:304-309. [PMID: 37801582 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is increasingly integrated into medical education. Traditionally taught at the bedside using a hands-on approach, POCUS is limited by cost, time, faculty availability, and access to POCUS resources. With the recent transition to digitalization in medical education, the authors compare lung POCUS performance and pathology identification among medical students to examine whether using an online, self-learning lung POCUS module is noninferior to traditional bedside, faculty-led lung POCUS training. METHOD This study assessed the performance of 51 medical students from August to October 2021 on an elearning lung POCUS course with traditional bedside training and no training. POCUS students were scored on use of a simulator to identify pathologies, ability to identify lung ultrasonographic pathological clips, and scanning technique. RESULTS The elearning group had a significantly higher median (interquartile range [IQR]) total test score (15/18 [10.5-16] vs. 12/18 [9-13]; P = .03) and scanning technique score (5/5 [4-5] vs. 4/5 [3-4]; P = .03) compared with the standard curriculum group. The median (IQR) accuracy in the clip segment of the examination was 7.5 of 10 (4-9) in the self-learning group and 6 of 10 (4-7) in the standard curriculum group ( P = .18). The median (IQR) grade on the simulator segment of the examination was 2 of 3 (2-3) in the self-learning group and 2 of 3 (1-2) in the standard curriculum group ( P = .06). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that self-directed elearning of lung POCUS is at least noninferior to bedside teaching and possibly even a superior method of learning lung POCUS. This teaching method POCUS is feasible for medical students to learn lung ultrasonography and has potential to complement or augment the traditional learning process or eliminate or lessen the requirement for bedside teaching by reaching a larger audience while minimizing costs and human resources.
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Farhadi Z, Rezaei E, Bazrafkan L, Amini M, Sanaiey NZ, Barati-Boldaji R, Mehrabi M. Need assessment of medical school curriculum for MOOCs: perspectives of instructors and students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:141. [PMID: 38351037 PMCID: PMC10865553 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Designing, developing, and implementing a course without assessing and prioritizing instructional needs may result in inefficiency due to the disregard for the actual needs of the target population. The present study aimed to determine and prioritize medical students' instructional needs regarding Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. METHODS This survey study was carried out in three stages (2020-2021) using the Delphi technique. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to select the instructors. The students were selected through simple random sampling. The first round of the Delphi technique involved a questionnaire consisting of one open-ended question, completed by 49 basic/clinical faculty members and 47 senior medical students. In the second round, a 5-point Likert scale-based questionnaire was used to prioritize the instructional needs. The reliability of the questionnaire was verified by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In the third round, a focus group was used. A total of six expert faculty members and one senior medical student were invited to the focus group session to prioritize the needs. Data were analyzed using Friedman's non-parametric ranking test in SPSS version 26. RESULTS Ten instructional needs priorities were extracted, including common pharmacotherapies (antibiotics and narcotics), prescriptions, physiology, anatomy, physical examination, electrocardiography interpretation, radiography, computed tomography scans, serum electrolyte disorders, and cardiovascular and internal (endocrine and metabolic) diseases. The chi-squared calculated value (715.584) indicated a significant difference in the importance of the questionnaire's questions (P < 0.001). These questions did not have equal value, and the importance, from the respondent's point of view and the observed distribution of ranks, was not the output of a random factor. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study can be used to design MOOCs, revise instructional programs, and adapt the curriculum to meet the needs of general practitioners, which will, in turn, help meet the medical needs of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farhadi
- Medical Education, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Eisa Rezaei
- Department of Educational Technology in Medical Sciences, Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Bazrafkan
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mitra Amini
- Clinical Education Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Zarif Sanaiey
- Department of E-Learning in Medical Sciences, Virtual School (Center of Excellence for E-Learning in Medical Sciences), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Third Floor, Sina & Sadra Hall, Neshat Street, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Barati-Boldaji
- Public Health Nutrition, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manoosh Mehrabi
- Department of E-Learning in Medical Sciences, Virtual School (Center of Excellence for E-Learning in Medical Sciences), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Third Floor, Sina & Sadra Hall, Neshat Street, Shiraz, Iran.
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Langmann GA, Childers J, Merlin JS. Caring for Patients With Opioid Misuse or Substance Use Disorders in Hospice: A National Survey. J Palliat Med 2024; 27:209-215. [PMID: 37824806 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Opioid misuse and substance use disorders (SUDs) including opioid use disorder (OUD) are common and negatively impact quality of life. Hospice clinicians' experiences with these conditions have not been well described. Objectives: We sought to explore hospice clinicians' knowledge, practices, and comfort caring for patients with opioid misuse (e.g., a pattern of unsanctioned opioid use escalation, or concurrent illicit substance use) and SUDs. Design: We recruited hospice clinicians in the United States via national hospice and palliative care organizations to complete an online survey designed by the study authors and pilot tested with an interdisciplinary group of current/former hospice clinicians. Results: One hundred seventy-five clinicians (40% nurses, 40% physicians, 16% nurse practitioners) responded to the survey; most had cared for two or more hospice patients with opioid misuse or SUD in the past month. The majority felt confident identifying opioid misuse (94%) and taking SUD histories (79%). Most (62%) felt it is their role to treat hospice patients for SUD, though 56% lacked comfort in using buprenorphine for OUD treatment. While the majority felt it is their role to treat pain in hospice patients with SUDs (94%) and that hospice can help patients with SUDs (94%), many were not comfortable managing pain in patients taking buprenorphine (45%) or naltrexone (49%) for SUDs. Most felt comfortable managing pain in patients taking methadone for SUD (73%). Conclusions: Opioid misuse and SUD are common in hospice. Though clinicians are comfortable taking relevant histories, they feel less comfortable managing patients' opioid misuse or SUD, or these patients' pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Langmann
- Supportive and Palliative Care Program, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Utah Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Julie Childers
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica S Merlin
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Research on Health Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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MacNeill H, Masters K, Nemethy K, Correia R. Online learning in Health Professions Education. Part 1: Teaching and learning in online environments: AMEE Guide No. 161. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024; 46:4-17. [PMID: 37094079 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2197135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Online learning in Health Professions Education (HPE) has been evolving over decades, but COVID-19 changed its use abruptly. Technology allowed necessary HPE during COVID-19, but also demonstrated that many HP educators and learners had little knowledge and experience of these complex sociotechnical environments. Due to the educational benefits and flexibility that technology can afford, many higher education experts agree that online learning will continue and evolve long after COVID-19. As HP educators stand at the crossroads of technology integration, it is important that we examine the evidence, theories, advantages/disadvantages, and pedagogically informed design of online learning. This Guide will provide foundational concepts and practical strategies to support HPE educators and institutions toward advancing pedagogically informed use of online HPE. This Guide consists of two parts. The first part will provide an overview of evidence, theories, formats, and educational design in online learning, including contemporary issues and considerations such as learner engagement, faculty development, inclusivity, accessibility, copyright, and privacy. The second part (to be published as a separate Guide) focuses on specific technology tool types with practical examples for implementation and integration of the concepts discussed in Guide 1, and will include digital scholarship, learning analytics, and emerging technologies. In sum, both guides should be read together, as Guide 1 provides the foundation required for the practical application of technology showcased in Guide 2.Please refer to the video abstract for Part 1 of this Guide at https://bit.ly/AMEEGuideOnlineLearning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather MacNeill
- Department of Medicine, Continusing Professional Development, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ken Masters
- Medical Education and Informatics Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Kataryna Nemethy
- Baycrest Academy, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raquel Correia
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Do M, Sanford K, Roseff S, Hovaguimian A, Besche H, Fischer K. Gamified versus non-gamified online educational modules for teaching clinical laboratory medicine to first-year medical students at a large allopathic medical school in the United States. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:959. [PMID: 38098014 PMCID: PMC10720092 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04951-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical educators seek innovative ways to engage learners efficiently and effectively. Gamification has been explored as one way to accomplish this feat; however, questions remain about which contexts gamification would be most useful. Time constraints and student interest present major barriers for teaching laboratory medicine to students. This study aims to compare two versions of an interactive online module, one gamified and one not, for teaching laboratory medicine concepts to pre-clinical medical students. METHODS First-year medical students reviewed either a gamified or non-gamified version of an interactive online module in preparation for an in-person flipped classroom session on Laboratory Medicine. Learning theory guided the design of the modules and both contained identical content, objectives, and structure. The "gamified" module included the additional elements of personalization, progress meters, points, badges, and story/role play. After reviewing the module, students completed an anonymous knowledge check and optional survey. RESULTS One hundred seventy-one students completed the post module knowledge check as assigned (82 gamified, 89 non-gamified). Knowledge check scores were higher for the students who reviewed the gamified module (p < 0.02), corresponding to an effect size of 0.4 for the gamified module. Eighty-one students completed optional post-module surveys (46 gamified, 35 non-gamified). Instructional efficiency was calculated using task difficulty questions and knowledge check scores, and the resulting instructional efficiency was higher for the gamified module. There was no significant difference in the student-reported time required to complete the modules. Additionally, both versions of the module were well received and led to positive ratings related to motivation and confidence. Finally, examination of open-ended survey results suggested that the addition of game elements added value to the gamified module and enhanced engagement and enjoyment. CONCLUSIONS In this setting, the addition of gamification to an interactive online module enhanced learning outcome, instructional efficiency, student engagement and enjoyment. These results should inspire further exploration of gamification for teaching Laboratory Medicine concepts to pre-clinical medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Do
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Box 980662, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Kimberly Sanford
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Box 980662, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Susan Roseff
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1101 E. Marshall Street, Box 980662, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Alexandra Hovaguimian
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), 330 Brookline Avenue, Shapiro 8, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Henrike Besche
- Harvard Medical School, 260 Longwood Avenue TMEC368, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Krisztina Fischer
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 260 Longwood Ave, Rm 160, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Zhang C, Greengold J, Tackett S, Lentz C, Bennett W, McGuire M. Evaluation of online educational curriculum on HPV vaccination practices among adult primary care providers. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:923. [PMID: 38053126 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. While HPV is a vaccine-preventable illness, vaccine utilization rates in the United States remain low, particularly among adults. METHODS The objective of this study was to assess the impact of an online, asynchronous educational module on HPV vaccination for adult primary care providers. We designed and implemented the module for family medicine, internal medicine, medicine/pediatrics, and obstetrics/gynecology providers in a community practice network affiliated with a large academic health system. We evaluated the effect of the module on provider knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors with pre-, post-, and delayed post-tests, using Likert-scales for measurement. We summarized data with descriptive statistics and compared changes in individuals using paired t-tests. RESULTS One hundred forty-four out of 223 providers completed the module (response rate of 65%). At baseline, internists had the lowest knowledge scores compared to other specialties (pre-test mean of 3.6, out of 5, SD 1.2). Internists were also the least likely to counsel patients on HPV vaccination (mean 1.6, SD 0.9). There was a statistically significant improvement in knowledge from pre-test to post-test (from mean of 3.8 to 4.6, out of 5, p < .001) across all specialties. There was also statistically significant improvement in mean confidence for all providers from pre-test to post-test to identify patients aged 19-26 (3.3 to 3.7, p < .001) and patients aged 27-45 (2.7 to 3.5, p < .001) who needed vaccination. There was a statistically significant improvement in likelihood to counsel eligible patients on the risks of HPV infection (mean 2.3 to 2.8, p-value 0.002). The delayed post-test demonstrated retention of improved knowledge, confidence, and self-reported behavior. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that an asynchronous online module was effective at improving confidence, knowledge, and self-reported behavior of adult primary care providers in recommending HPV immunization. Given the important role that healthcare providers play in vaccine uptake, this study suggests that an online educational intervention can be a powerful tool to encourage increased utilization and delivery of the HPV vaccine. Further efforts are needed to educate internists and providers who take care of the adult population on HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Zhang
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Judy Greengold
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sean Tackett
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Wendy Bennett
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, USA
| | - Maura McGuire
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Johns Hopkins Community Physicians, Baltimore, USA
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Czech H, Hildebrandt S, Reis SP, Chelouche T, Fox M, González-López E, Lepicard E, Ley A, Offer M, Ohry A, Rotzoll M, Sachse C, Siegel SJ, Šimůnek M, Teicher A, Uzarczyk K, von Villiez A, Wald HS, Wynia MK, Roelcke V. The Lancet Commission on medicine, Nazism, and the Holocaust: historical evidence, implications for today, teaching for tomorrow. Lancet 2023; 402:1867-1940. [PMID: 37951225 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Herwig Czech
- Ethics, Collections, and History of Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Hildebrandt
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shmuel P Reis
- Center for Medical Education, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Digital Medical Technologies, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Tessa Chelouche
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute, Haifa, Israel
| | - Matthew Fox
- Jakobovits Center for Jewish Medical Ethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Esteban González-López
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Etienne Lepicard
- Center for Medical Education, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Astrid Ley
- Memorial and Museum Sachsenhausen, Oranienburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Offer
- Center of the Study of Jewish Medicine during the Holocaust, Western Galilee College, Acre, Israel
| | - Avi Ohry
- Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maike Rotzoll
- Institute for the History of Pharmacy and Medicine, Marburg University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carola Sachse
- Institute of Contemporary History, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sari J Siegel
- Center for Medicine, Holocaust, and Genocide Studies, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michal Šimůnek
- Institute of Contemporary History of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amir Teicher
- Department of History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kamila Uzarczyk
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna von Villiez
- Memorial Israelitische Töchterschule, Hamburger Volkshochschule, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hedy S Wald
- Department of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew K Wynia
- Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Volker Roelcke
- Institute for the History, Theory and Ethics of Medicine, Giessen University, Gießen, Germany
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13
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Leach A, Shim J, Murphy K, Godard M, Ortiz F, Swartz M, Sokoll LJ. A novel internal training program using Kern's 6-step approach to curriculum development for medical laboratory scientists training to be international quality assurance/quality control coordinators. Lab Med 2023; 54:e186-e196. [PMID: 37471140 PMCID: PMC10629921 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient Safety Monitoring in International Laboratories (pSMILE) is a resource ensuring quality testing in clinical laboratories performing National Institutes of Health-funded HIV research requiring specific staff training. We demonstrate the development of an online asynchronous training model using Kern's 6-step approach to support pSMILE functions. METHODS An existing curriculum was revamped to incorporate Kern's approach. Metrics for success were described in rubrics with feedback guiding improvements and updates. RESULTS Curriculum updates took more than a year. Direct observations of skills informed curriculum changes. Module self-evaluations were reviewed to assess performance and the overall curriculum. The content, curriculum, and training documentation were deemed compliant with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9001:2015. CONCLUSION Asynchronous training for highly skilled and self-directed staff is a novel way to deploy training while maintaining productivity of existing staff. Feedback and evaluation allowed for curriculum updates including previously underdeveloped topics. Kern's approach ensured that the needs of the sponsor, management, laboratories, and learners were met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Leach
- Clinical Chemistry Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Josephine Shim
- Clinical Chemistry Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Kristin Murphy
- Clinical Chemistry Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Mandana Godard
- Clinical Chemistry Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Felix Ortiz
- Clinical Chemistry Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Mark Swartz
- Clinical Chemistry Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
| | - Lori J Sokoll
- Clinical Chemistry Division, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, US
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14
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Perrotta C, Downey V, Elabbasy D, Ingram C, Lo C, Naseer A, Thorson A, Brizuela V. Remote training for strengthening capacity in sexual and reproductive health and rights research: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1964. [PMID: 37817136 PMCID: PMC10566165 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training has been used to develop research skills among sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) researchers. Remote education may accelerate transfer of skills and reduce barriers to strengthening research capacity. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of remote training on SRHR research and describe enablers and barriers of effective remote training. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Scielo were searched up to December 2022 for studies that evaluated in any language online research training programmes either on a SRHR topic or tailored for professionals working in SRHR published since 1990. Characteristics of included studies, the programmes they evaluated, the programme's effectiveness, and reported barriers and enablers to remote learning were extracted. Three researchers synthesized and described findings on effectiveness, impact and outcomes mapping them against the Kirkpatrick model. Additionally, thematic analysis from qualitative data was conducted to identify themes relating to the barriers and enablers of remote learning. RESULTS Of 1,510 articles retrieved, six studies that included 2,058 remote learners met the inclusion criteria. Five out of six studies described empirical improvements in participant research knowledge/skills and three studies reported improvements in attitudes/self-efficacy towards research. Follow-up surveys from four studies revealed frequent application of new research skills and improved opportunities for career advancement and publication following online trainings. Cited barriers to effective online SRHR research training included time management challenges and participants' competing professional obligations; limited opportunities for interaction; and lack of support from home institutions. Cited enablers included well-structured and clear courses, learning objectives and expectations with participants; ensuring a manageable workload; facilitating interactions with mentors and hands-on experience; and selecting programme topics relevant to participants' jobs. CONCLUSION Remote SRHR training can lead to improvements in research knowledge, skills, and attitudes, particularly when course learning objectives, structure, and expectations are outlined clearly, and ongoing mentorship is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Perrotta
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, ROI, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Vicky Downey
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, ROI, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Darin Elabbasy
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, ROI, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carolyn Ingram
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, ROI, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Chungwan Lo
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, ROI, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amara Naseer
- School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, ROI, Woodview House, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Anna Thorson
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, CH, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Brizuela
- UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, CH, Switzerland
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15
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Norman MK, Spagnoletti C, Proulx C, Crevasse I, Vazquez N, Radomski TR. The Case for Instructional Teams in the New Era of Online Medical Education. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2023; 33:1231-1238. [PMID: 37886263 PMCID: PMC10597977 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01850-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
After a period of "emergency remote teaching" precipitated by COVID-19, academic medical centers are moving into a second, more mature phase in online education. This article offers guidance to institutions planning for this second phase. In it, we advocate a reorientation towards "instructional teams;" outline typical roles and skill sets on instructional teams; discuss the hardware, software, and space required to develop high-quality online courses; and describe common pitfalls experienced by instructional teams along with strategies to avoid them. Our objective is to help institutions hoping to develop high-quality, sustainable online programming to set realistic and informed expectations, allocate resources intelligently, hire appropriately, and work productively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K. Norman
- Innovative Design for Education and Assessment (IDEA) Lab, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Carla Spagnoletti
- Institute for Clinical Research Education (ICRE), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Chelsea Proulx
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Isabel Crevasse
- Innovative Design for Education and Assessment (IDEA) Lab, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Natalie Vazquez
- Innovative Design for Education and Assessment (IDEA) Lab, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Thomas R. Radomski
- Institute for Clinical Research Education (ICRE), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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16
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Yasser NBM, Tan AJQ, Harder N, Ashokka B, Chua WL, Liaw SY. Telesimulation in healthcare education: A scoping review. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2023; 126:105805. [PMID: 37062239 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a comprehensive overview on the utilization and effectiveness of telesimulation in healthcare education. DESIGN A scoping review. DATA SOURCES A search of five databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, EMBASE and ProQuest was conducted between 2000 and 2022. REVIEW METHODS Arksey and O' Malley's scoping review framework was utilised. Data were narratively synthesised. RESULTS 29 articles were included. More than half of the publications on telesimulation were borne out of need during the COVID-19 pandemic. Innovation reports were the most prevalent publications followed by descriptive studies. Telesimulation was applied for the delivery of diverse learning content including patient care management, procedural skills and team training. A variety of videoconferencing software and simulation modalities have been used for telesimulation. Telesimulation was generally well-received, despite its technical challenges. Learning effectiveness of telesimulation was evident in quasi-experimental studies. CONCLUSION Telesimulation has been gaining acceptance as a distance-based simulation education modality. It will continue to evolve and potentially blend with in-person simulation. More rigorous research is warranted to evaluate learning outcomes and establish best practices in telesimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apphia J Q Tan
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Nicole Harder
- College of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Balakrishnan Ashokka
- Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore; Centre for Medical Education, CenMED, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Ling Chua
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Sok Ying Liaw
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Jacoby N, Gullick M, Sullivan N, Shalev D. Development and Evaluation of an Innovative Neurology E-learning Didactic Curriculum for Psychiatry Residents. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2023; 47:237-244. [PMID: 36918470 PMCID: PMC10330300 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-023-01769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes the development, implementation, and piloting of an e-learning neuropsychiatry curriculum for psychiatry residents. The primary outcome of interest was feasibility. Secondary outcomes were interest and confidence caring for patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, and knowledge about neuropsychiatry. METHODS The curriculum was designed utilizing Kern's six-step framework. A ten-module, interactive, primarily vignette-based e-learning curriculum was developed focusing on the neurocognitive exam and neurocognitive disorders. The curriculum was piloted in two psychiatry residencies in Brooklyn, NY (n = 80 residents). The curriculum was evaluated using a survey adapted from the General Practitioner Attitudes and Confidence Scale for Dementia (GPACS-D) and a 24-item neuropsychiatry examination prior to the intervention and 1-month post-intervention. Qualitative feedback was acquired through four open-ended items in the post-curriculum survey, which underwent a thematic analysis. RESULTS Seventy-eight of eighty residents completed the full curriculum. Three of nine attitude items demonstrated significant differences, with residents feeling less frustrated managing dementia (pre-mean = 2.32, post = 2.68, t(2,59) = 2.00, p = 0.004), less frustrated due to not knowing how to effectively treat dementia (pre-mean = 2.05, post = 2.95, t(2,59) = 6.27, p = 0.000), and demonstrating less interest in pursuing further training in neuropsychiatry (pre-mean = 1.95, post = 2.18, t(2,59) = 1.70, p = 0.047), though still overall showing interest. There was no change in confidence ratings. There was a small but significant improvement in total number of knowledge items answered correctly. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing an e-learning neuropsychiatry curriculum. It also demonstrated an improvement in resident responses to two attitude items and an increase in neuropsychiatry knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Jacoby
- State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Margaret Gullick
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Sullivan
- State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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18
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Kempegowda SN, Ramachandra SC, Arun B, Devaraju A, Shivashankar KK, Raghunathachar SK, Bettadapura AS, Puttalingaiah S, Devegowda D, Vishwanath P, Nataraj SM, Prashant A. Online practical assessment in biochemistry designed on Bloom's taxonomy to assess the student's competency: Prior exposure of the students to online tools beneficial. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 51:341-349. [PMID: 36916221 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Online assessments are needed during the prevailing pandemic situation to continue educational activities while ensuring safety. After conducting the online practical assessment (OPrA) in Biochemistry, we analyzed the students' responses. The blueprint of the OPrA was prepared by the faculty, referring to the various levels and domains of Bloom's taxonomy. Four components were chosen for the online assessment: digital spotters, enumerating the steps of objective structured practical examination, interpretation of quantitative estimation, and case discussion. Each faculty assessed about 12-13 students in separate breakout rooms over 15-20 min on all four components. Feedback on the conduct of the examination was collected from the students and faculty anonymously and analyzed. Out of the 200 students who attended the online assessment, only one scored less than 50%, majority of them scored between 71% and 90%. Under the individual exercises, the average score of students in "Spotters" was 9.8 out of 10; in "OSPE," 8.7 out of 10; in "Quantitative experiments," 15.2 out of 20 and in "Case discussion," 22.4 out of 30. Around 20% had previous experience attending the OPrA. They differed in their opinion from the rest of the students on five aspects; time allotted for the assessment (p value = 0.02, χ2 = 5.07), students using unfair means during the online viva (p value = 0.02, χ2 = 5.57), their computing skills (p value = 0.001, χ2 = 19.82), their performance (p value = 0.001, χ2 = 8.84), and overall conduct of the examination (p value = 0.001, χ2 = 15.55). OPrA tools may be designed referring to Bloom's taxonomy, and prior exposure to the online tools may benefit the students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brunda Arun
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Akila Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India
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19
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Zhang S, Ma H, Zhu X, Niu A, Luo Y. Learning needs of nursing postgraduates in Southwest China based on Hutchinson's learning needs theory: a qualitative research. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:223. [PMID: 37029368 PMCID: PMC10081817 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The process of education is mutual. The learning needs of students need to be paid attention to and can affect the learning outcome. In order to make nursing postgraduates' curriculum better, meet the learning needs of students, and help to achieve the learning objectives of students, this study based on Hutchinson's learning needs theory, aims to collect the learning experience of nursing graduates, as well as the gap between learning needs and target needs, and explore the benefits and barriers of nursing graduates in the curriculum learning. It may provide beneficial reference for further optimizing teaching content and improving teaching methods. METHODS This study was designed as a qualitative research. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 17 nursing postgraduates in the only two universities in Chongqing, Southwest China, 2021. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted to explore how they subjectively experience the benefits and demands of the professional curriculum. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step analysis. RESULTS Three main themes "clear learning cognition and goals," "positive learning attitude," and "the gap between learning goals and actual needs" were identified from the original data. Respectively, Subthemes concerning the first theme included "improve scientific research capabilities, enlighten thinking and broaden your horizons, and learn new knowledge and new skills." Subthemes of the second theme were "improve abilities in practice and actively seek diversification of course content and format." Subthemes of the third theme included "the course has a certain depth and breadth, but the course study does not meet the needs of scientific research, the course contents are theoretical, not knowing how to use the research method in certain conditions." CONCLUSIONS The learning needs of nursing postgraduates in Southwest China could be divided into two parts: benefits and barriers, among which the benefits were participants had clear learning goals and positive learning attitudes. When curriculum could not meet their needs, they actively sought methods (e.g., networks or off-campus resources) to close the gap between those needs and their goals. Follow-up educators should focus on learning needs and build curricula by optimizing the contents and methods of existing teaching resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suofei Zhang
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University/Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Ma
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University/Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhu
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University/Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Aifang Niu
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University/Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- School of Nursing, Third Military Medical University/Army Medical University, No.30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China.
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20
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Zhang C. A Literature Study of Medical Simulations for Non-Technical Skills Training in Emergency Medicine: Twenty Years of Progress, an Integrated Research Framework, and Future Research Avenues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4487. [PMID: 36901496 PMCID: PMC10002261 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medical simulations have led to extensive developments in emergency medicine. Apart from the growing number of applications and research efforts in patient safety, few studies have focused on modalities, research methods, and professions via a synthesis of simulation studies with a focus on non-technical skills training. Intersections between medical simulation, non-technical skills training, and emergency medicine merit a synthesis of progress over the first two decades of the 21st century. Drawing on research from the Web of Science Core Collection's Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Science Citation Index editions, results showed that medical simulations were found to be effective, practical, and highly motivating. More importantly, simulation-based education should be a teaching approach, and many simulations are utilised to substitute high-risk, rare, and complex circumstances in technical or situational simulations. (1) Publications were grouped by specific categories of non-technical skills, teamwork, communication, diagnosis, resuscitation, airway management, anaesthesia, simulation, and medical education. (2) Although mixed-method and quantitative approaches were prominent during the time period, further exploration of qualitative data would greatly contribute to the interpretation of experience. (3) High-fidelity dummy was the most suitable instrument, but the tendency of simulators without explicitly stating the vendor selection calls for a standardised training process. The literature study concludes with a ring model as the integrated framework of presently known best practices and a broad range of underexplored research areas to be investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cevin Zhang
- School of Media and Design, Beijing Technology and Business University, Sunlight South Road 1, Beijing 102488, China
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21
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Chalupa RL, Kocher BK, Douglas MS. Using Kern's Model to Redesign a Postgraduate Curriculum for Orthopaedic Physician Assistants. J Physician Assist Educ 2023; 34:54-57. [PMID: 36728326 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Postgraduate physician assistant (PA) specialty training expands entry-level education, allowing PAs to work in concentrated fields. The United States Army - Baylor University Doctor of Science in PA Studies Orthopaedics program provides formal education to fill the capability gap caused by surgeon shortages in the military. Based on several sources of feedback, the authors recognized that the curriculum needed modernization and set forth to rewrite the curriculum. This article describes the use of Kern's 6-Step Approach for Curriculum Development for Medical Education to redesign a curriculum for an 18-month postgraduate doctoral program for military orthopaedic PAs. The resulting formal curriculum enables 4 geographically separated sites to execute an orthopaedic PA degree program that addresses a critical specialty care access challenge for the military. Kern's 6-Step approach could be used to design or redesign any PA educational content, from a single course to an entire degree program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn L Chalupa
- Robyn L. Chalupa, DSc, PA-C, is research coordinator for the US Army - Baylor University Doctor of Science in Physician Assistant Studies, Orthopaedics Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland
- Benjamin K. Kocher, DSc, PA-C, is chief of the Warrior Training Branch at the US Army Medical Center of Excellence Graduate School in Fort Sam Houston, Texas
- Matthew S. Douglas, DSc, PA-C, is dean of the US Army Medical Center of Excellence Graduate School in Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Benjamin K Kocher
- Robyn L. Chalupa, DSc, PA-C, is research coordinator for the US Army - Baylor University Doctor of Science in Physician Assistant Studies, Orthopaedics Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland
- Benjamin K. Kocher, DSc, PA-C, is chief of the Warrior Training Branch at the US Army Medical Center of Excellence Graduate School in Fort Sam Houston, Texas
- Matthew S. Douglas, DSc, PA-C, is dean of the US Army Medical Center of Excellence Graduate School in Fort Sam Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew S Douglas
- Robyn L. Chalupa, DSc, PA-C, is research coordinator for the US Army - Baylor University Doctor of Science in Physician Assistant Studies, Orthopaedics Program, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland
- Benjamin K. Kocher, DSc, PA-C, is chief of the Warrior Training Branch at the US Army Medical Center of Excellence Graduate School in Fort Sam Houston, Texas
- Matthew S. Douglas, DSc, PA-C, is dean of the US Army Medical Center of Excellence Graduate School in Fort Sam Houston, Texas
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A Framework for Creating a FOAMed Organization in Gastroenterology: Lessons Learned from the Liver Fellow Network. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:256-259. [PMID: 36137557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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von Grünigen S, Dessane B, Le Pape P, Falaschi L, Geissbühler A, Bonnabry P. Development and Evaluation of an e-Learning Module for Low- and Middle-Income Countries on the Safe Handling of Chemotherapy Drugs. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2023; 38:285-291. [PMID: 34791602 PMCID: PMC9852134 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-02113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing use of chemotherapy drugs in resource-constrained settings, training opportunities on safe handling practices are lacking. This study's objectives were to develop and evaluate an e-learning training module on the safe handling of chemotherapy drugs to strengthen knowledge and practices in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The module's curriculum was developed using the Six-Step Approach for Curriculum Development for Medical Education. Asynchronous, self-paced, e-learning lessons within the module were created and uploaded onto a free online platform, Pharm-Ed. The study ran online from January to April 2021. Participant recruitment was done using convenience sampling through various channels (social media, communities of practice). Training module effectiveness was evaluated using knowledge assessments (a pre-test and post-test study design) and participant satisfaction. We developed a comprehensive e-learning module on the safe handling of chemotherapy drugs comprising 11 asynchronous, self-paced, e-learning lessons. Eighty-two participants (68% pharmacists and 17% pharmacy students) from 17 countries completed at least one lesson, with a total of 259 lessons completed. Evaluation of the different lessons showed significant improvements in theoretical knowledge (p < 0.01) in all except one lesson and a high degree of participant satisfaction. As the use of anti-cancer drugs in LMICs will continue to increase, this e-learning module is an effective means to address the lack of training opportunities on the safe handling of chemotherapies for healthcare workers in these countries. The module could be integrated into a multi-modal approach aimed at reducing occupational exposure and increasing patient safety in cancer care centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine von Grünigen
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Berangère Dessane
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Le Pape
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ludivine Falaschi
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Geissbühler
- HI5lab, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of eHealth and Telemedicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Bonnabry
- Pharmacy, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Andersson ML, Duch P, Bessmann EL, Lundstrøm LH, Ekelund K. Preparing for obstetric anaesthesia-An educational randomised controlled trial comparing e-learning to written course material. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 67:36-43. [PMID: 36112027 PMCID: PMC10092133 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-learning is increasingly used in postgraduate medical education. Its numerous benefits include an enhanced learning experience through learning style individualisation, interactive elements, and assessment through tests and quizzes. Current meta-analyses conclude that the overall effectiveness of e-learning is comparable to traditional teaching modalities. However, studies demonstrating its benefits are heterogeneous and of varying quality. This randomised controlled trial aims to investigate whether contemporary e-learning completed prior to a course in obstetric anaesthesia prepares the course participants better than self-study of written course material. METHODS A randomised controlled trial allocated second-year resident anaesthetists to receive either e-learning in postpartum haemorrhage and written course material in preeclampsia or e-learning in preeclampsia and written course material in postpartum haemorrhage, prior to a compulsory course in obstetric anaesthesia. The primary outcome was knowledge after completion of e-learning before the course, assessed by type X multiple-choice questions with a score ranging from zero to 35. The secondary outcomes were anxiety level before course simulations, performance during course simulations, and knowledge four and 12 weeks after the course. RESULTS The per protocol analysis of the primary outcome included 45 participants and demonstrated a mean difference of 1.8 (95% CI 0.7-2.9; p = .002) in knowledge after completion of e-learning before the course, in favour of e-learning compared to written course material. There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION This blinded parallel group randomised controlled trial found a numerically small but statistically significant difference in knowledge favouring e-learning over written course material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Legaard Andersson
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Patricia Duch
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Lahn Bessmann
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Hyldborg Lundstrøm
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Ekelund
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Anaesthesia, Juliane Marie Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Martin HD, Traffanstedt FD, Feldman SS. Content Analysis for a Statewide Substance Use Disorder and Pain Management Curriculum for Health Professional Students (ALAHOPE). South Med J 2023; 116:38-41. [PMID: 36578116 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alabama's health professions schools have many common goals when it comes to educating their students about substance use disorder (SUD) and pain, but a statewide consistent SUD and pain management curriculum does not exist in Alabama. The ALAbama Health professionals' Opioid and Pain management Education (ALAHOPE) project set out to create an interprofessional curriculum around SUD and pain management that all Alabama health professions schools can use to promote consistent evidence-based teaching and a patient-centered approach around these two topics. An adapted form of the Kern model of curriculum development was used to guide the project. The first dimension of this model is problem identification, which requires identifying the desired future state. One of many assessments performed to identify the desired future state was an analysis of six external curricula. The purpose of this assessment was to critically document and analyze existing SUD and pain management curricula to inform the ALAHOPE curriculum content. METHODS The learning objectives and detailed content topics of each curriculum were documented and categorized into content topics. These broad topics were used as one piece of a cross-thematic analysis of several future state assessments that led to the development of broad curriculum goals for the ALAHOPE curriculum project. RESULTS Common trends found in the analyzed curricula included learning objectives not being all-inclusive or not matching the actual curricula content, combining SUD and pain management content, and including the risks of treating pain with controlled substances in content solely created for pain management. CONCLUSIONS These results can be used to help inform other SUD and pain management educational content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D Martin
- From the Department of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | | | - Sue S Feldman
- From the Department of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
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Kim KJ. Moving forward: embracing challenges as opportunities to improve medical education in the post-COVID era. HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 9:419. [PMID: 36466707 PMCID: PMC9702690 DOI: 10.1057/s41599-022-01451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pandemics affect every aspect of life, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is no exception. The impact of COVID-19 might be even greater in medical education, which involves close contact with patients. This comment reviews current trends in medical education in response to COVID-19, especially in the pre-clerkship curriculum, and discusses opportunities and challenges in medical education in the post-pandemic era. COVID-19 has accelerated the adoption of online teaching and learning and is expected to boost innovation in medical education. First, blended learning, which is a mix of online and offline learning intended to incorporate the best of both worlds, is expected to become more widespread. Second, more novel approaches to learning that involve student-led initiatives likely become popular mediated by various technologies. Third, there will be more use of online learning resources and assessments. As online learning is expected to play a prominent role in the post-COVID-19 era, such transitions offer both opportunities and challenges. These challenges include faculty development on online teaching skills, creation and sharing of online resources, and effective design and implementation of online assessments. This comment calls for institutional support and collaborations for faculty development and for the development and sharing of learning resources, more models and guidelines for effective technology integration, and use of the virtual learning environment to promote student-centered learning to embrace the challenges as opportunities to improve medical education in the post-COVID era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong-Jee Kim
- Department of Medical Education, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, South Korea
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Peperstraete H, Steenhout A, De Somer F, Depuydt P, Hoste E, Van Herzeele I. Adult essential extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) skills for use in an e-learning program for ICU physicians, nurses and perfusionists: a consensus by a modified Delphi questionnaire. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:786. [PMID: 36376826 PMCID: PMC9662121 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education in ECMO starts with basic theory and physiology. For this type of training, self-assessment e-learning modules may be beneficial. The aim of this study was to generate consensus on essential ECMO skills involving various professional groups involved in caring for ECMO patients. These skills can be used for educational purposes: development of an e-learning program and fine-tuning of ECMO-simulation programs. METHODS Experts worldwide received an e-mail inviting them to participate in the modified Delphi questionnaire. A mixture of ECMO experts was contacted. The expert list was formed based on their scientific track record mainly in adult ECMO (research, publications, and invited presentations). This survey consisted of carefully designed questionnaires, organized into three categories, namely knowledge skills, technical skills, and attitudes. Each statement considered a skill and was rated on a 5-point Likert-scale and qualitative comments were made if needed. Based on the summarized information and feedback, the next round Delphi questionnaire was developed. A statement was considered as a key competency when at least 80% of the experts agreed or strongly agreed (rating 4/5 and 5/5) with the statement. Cronbach's Alpha score tested internal consistency. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used as reliability index for interrater consistency and agreement. RESULTS Consensus was achieved in two rounds. Response rate in the first round was 45.3% (48/106) and 60.4% (29/48) completed the second round. Experts had respectively for the first and second round: a mean age of 43.7 years (8.2) and 43.4 (8.8), a median level of experience of 11.0 years [7.0-15.0] and 12.0 years [8.3-14.8]. Consensus was achieved with 29 experts from Australia (2), Belgium (16), France (1), Germany (1), Italy (1), Russia (2), Spain (1), Sweden, (1), The Netherlands (4). The consensus achieved in the first round was 90.9% for the statements about knowledge, 54.5% about technical skills and 75.0% about attitudes. Consensus increased in the second round: 94.6% about knowledge skills, 90.9% about technical skills and 75.0% about attitudes. CONCLUSION An expert consensus was accomplished about the content of "adult essential ECMO skills". This consensus was mainly created with participation of physicians, as the response rate for nurses and perfusion decreased in the second round.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harlinde Peperstraete
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Annelien Steenhout
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Somer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Depuydt
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Hoste
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Van Herzeele
- Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Dada OE, Bukenya GW, Konan L, Mbangtang CB, Ooi SZY, Makambo PDDN, Adrien TDE, Kenfack YJ, Senyuy WP, Abu-Bonsrah N, Karekezi C, Jokonya L, Alalade AF, Esene I, Kanmounye US. State of African Neurosurgical Education: An Analysis of Publicly Available Curricula. World Neurosurg 2022; 166:e808-e814. [PMID: 35926702 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Africa bears more than 15% of the global burden of neurosurgical disease; however, it has the lowest neurosurgical workforce density worldwide. The past decade has seen an increase in neurosurgery residency programs on the continent. It is unclear how these residency programs are similar or viable. This study highlights the current status and interdepartmental and regional differences, with the main objective of offering a template for improving the provision of neurosurgical education on the continent. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar were searched using keywords related to "neurosurgery," "training," and "Africa" from database inception to October 13, 2021. The residency curricula were analyzed using a standardized and validated medical education curriculum viability tool. RESULTS Curricula from 14 African countries were identified. The curricula differed in resident recruitment, evaluation mode and frequency, curriculum content, and length of training. The length of training varied from 4 to 8 years, with a mean of 6 years. The Eastern African region had the highest number of examinations, with a mean of 8.5. Few curricula had correlates of viability: ensuring that the instructors are competent (64.3%), prioritization of faculty development (64.3%), faculty participation in decision making (64.3%), prioritization of resident support services (50%), creating a conducive environment for quality education (42.9%), and addressing student complaints (28.6%). CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in the African postgraduate neurosurgical education curriculum warranting standardization. This study identifies areas of improvement for neurosurgical education in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaoluwa Ezekiel Dada
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon; College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - George William Bukenya
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon; Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Landry Konan
- Neurosurgery Department, University Felix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Setthasorn Zhi Yang Ooi
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon; Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Yves Jordan Kenfack
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Wah Praise Senyuy
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Nancy Abu-Bonsrah
- Research Department, Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaounde, Cameroon; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Claire Karekezi
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Luxwell Jokonya
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Andrew F Alalade
- Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Ignatius Esene
- Neurosurgery Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
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Patel SJ, Patel PA, Martin AK, Tsai A, Linganna RE, Ghofaily LA, Notarianni AP, Allen WL, Buric DM, Bodmer NJ, Kothari P, Jackson E, Feinman JW. The Year in Graduate Medical Education: Selected Highlights from 2021. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:3475-3482. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Patell R, Maddaleni G, Dodge L, Buss M, Freed J. Communication Skills Training for Internal Medicine Residents Using a Brief Animated Video. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:379-386. [PMID: 32661936 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Patient communication courses are time-intensive, making incorporation into residency curricula challenging. Using a short video could be an efficient means to teach residents communication skills. We created a 4-min animated video focused on the "ask more and summarize technique". Residents rotating on the inpatient oncology and palliative care service received a video link with a survey (S1) on the tool and its projected utility. A second survey (S2) was sent upon rotation completion to assess the utility of the technique. A 6-month follow up e-mail was sent to determine retention of skills. A total of 52/106 residents responded to S1 and 32/52 to S2. Median age was 28 years and 86% were PGY-1. On S1, 95% enjoyed the format, and 95% thought the narration was an effective learning tool and 90% that the animation was effective. A majority (87%) felt the tool would be useful. On comparing self-reported acquisition of skills for paired survey responses, there was a significant increase in asking more regarding patient questions (p = 0.04) but not summarizing back responses (p = 0.1). This tool was reported to be useful in a variety of settings including explaining prognoses, unrealistic patient expectations, upset patients, and patients with fear or anxiety. A 6-month follow up survey (n = 22) showed that almost all the respondents continued to report using the skills learned. A short video is a brief and effective tool that can be incorporated into a busy clinical curriculum to teach residents communication skills in the areas of cancer and palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushad Patell
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (East Campus), Shapiro Clinical Center 9th Floor, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215-5400, USA
| | - Geeda Maddaleni
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Dodge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Buss
- Section of Palliative Care, Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Freed
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (East Campus), Shapiro Clinical Center 9th Floor, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215-5400, USA.
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Parker AS, Hill KA, Steffes BC, Mangaoang D, O’Flynn E, Bachheta N, Bates MF, Bitta C, Carter NH, Davis RE, Dressler JA, Eisenhut DA, Fadipe AE, Kanyi JK, Kauffmann RM, Kazal F, Kyamanywa P, Lando JO, Many HR, Mbithi VC, McCoy AJ, Meade PC, Ndegwa WY, Nkusi EA, Ooko PB, Osilli DJ, Parker ME, Rankeeti S, Shafer K, Smith JD, Snyder D, Sylvester KR, Wakeley ME, Wekesa MK, Torbeck L, White RE, Bekele A, Parker RK. Design of a Novel Online, Modular, Flipped-classroom Surgical Curriculum for East, Central, and Southern Africa. ANNALS OF SURGERY OPEN 2022; 3:e141. [PMID: 37600110 PMCID: PMC10431259 DOI: 10.1097/as9.0000000000000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We describe a structured approach to developing a standardized curriculum for surgical trainees in East, Central, and Southern Africa (ECSA). Summary Background Data Surgical education is essential to closing the surgical access gap in ECSA. Given its importance for surgical education, the development of a standardized curriculum was deemed necessary. Methods We utilized Kern's 6-step approach to curriculum development to design an online, modular, flipped-classroom surgical curriculum. Steps included global and targeted needs assessments, determination of goals and objectives, the establishment of educational strategies, implementation, and evaluation. Results Global needs assessment identified the development of a standardized curriculum as an essential next step in the growth of surgical education programs in ECSA. Targeted needs assessment of stakeholders found medical knowledge challenges, regulatory requirements, language variance, content gaps, expense and availability of resources, faculty numbers, and content delivery method to be factors to inform curriculum design. Goals emerged to increase uniformity and consistency in training, create contextually relevant material, incorporate best educational practices, reduce faculty burden, and ease content delivery and updates. Educational strategies centered on developing an online, flipped-classroom, modular curriculum emphasizing textual simplicity, multimedia components, and incorporation of active learning strategies. The implementation process involved establishing thematic topics and subtopics, the content of which was authored by regional surgeon educators and edited by content experts. Evaluation was performed by recording participation, soliciting user feedback, and evaluating scores on a certification examination. Conclusions We present the systematic design of a large-scale, context-relevant, data-driven surgical curriculum for the ECSA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S. Parker
- From the Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya
- Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
- College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Katherine A. Hill
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Deirdre Mangaoang
- Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eric O’Flynn
- Institute of Global Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niraj Bachheta
- College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Maria F. Bates
- Department of Surgery, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH
| | - Caesar Bitta
- Department of Surgery, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John K. Kanyi
- Department of Surgery, AIC Litein Hospital, Litein, Kenya
| | - Rondi M. Kauffmann
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Division of Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery, Nashville, TN
| | - Frances Kazal
- Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Patrick Kyamanywa
- Department of Surgery, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Justus O. Lando
- From the Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya
| | - Heath R. Many
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN
| | | | - Amanda J. McCoy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Wairimu Y.B. Ndegwa
- Department of Surgery, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmy A. Nkusi
- Department of Surgery, Rwanda Military Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Philip B. Ooko
- Department of Surgery, AIC Litein Hospital, Litein, Kenya
| | - Dixon J.S. Osilli
- Department of Surgery, Barking, Havering, and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, England, UK
| | | | | | | | - James D. Smith
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - David Snyder
- Pan-African Academy of Christian Surgeons, Palatine, Illinois
| | | | - Michelle E. Wakeley
- Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Laura Torbeck
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Russell E. White
- From the Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya
- Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
- College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Abebe Bekele
- College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa, Arusha, Tanzania
- University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Robert K. Parker
- From the Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya
- Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
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Schooley SP, Tackett S, Peraza LR, Shehadeh LA. Development and piloting of an instructional video quality checklist (IVQC). MEDICAL TEACHER 2022; 44:287-293. [PMID: 34666585 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1985099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medical education instructional videos are more popular and easier to create than ever before. Standard quality measures for this medium do not exist, leaving educators, learners, and content creators unable to assess these videos. MATERIALS AND METHODS Drawing from the literature on video quality and popularity, reusable learning objects, and multimedia and curriculum development principles, we developed a 26-item instructional video quality checklist (IVQC), to capture aspects of educational design (six items), source reliability (four items), multimedia principle adherence (10 items), and accessibility (six items). Two raters applied IVQC to 206 videos from five producers across topics from two organ systems (cardiology and pulmonology) encompassing four disciplines (anatomy, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology). RESULTS Inter-rater reliability was strong. According to two-rater means, eight multimedia items were present in over 80% of videos. A minority of videos included learning objectives (46%), alternative language translations (41%), when the video was updated (40%), analogies (37%), or references (9%). Producer ratings varied significantly (p < .001) across 17 of 26 items. There were no significant differences according to the video topic. CONCLUSIONS IVQC detected differences in elements of instructional video quality. Future work can apply this instrument to a broader array of videos and in authentic educational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Schooley
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sean Tackett
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lazaro R Peraza
- Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Lina A Shehadeh
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Billings H, Malin T, Allen J, Bergene A, Cornelius K, Craft S, Hartzheim L, Johnson SA, Kallay J, Kreuter J, Raths M, Renner AS, Hall E. Reimagining Learning Spaces of the Future: An Interprofessional, Virtual Workshop Utilizing Rapid Idea Generation and Lean Startup Methodologies. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2022; 18:11217. [PMID: 35224186 PMCID: PMC8833263 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The needs and expectations of health professional educators and learners are evolving. Therefore, physical and virtual learning environments will look and function differently in the future. Understanding desirable, feasible options for educators and learners, including online, in-person, hybrid, and extended realities, is critical. We designed and facilitated a faculty development workshop that adapted Lean Startup methodologies and role-modeled effective virtual teaching skills to engage stakeholders in generating ideas to inform future development of learning spaces within one national academic medical center. METHODS We facilitated the 3-hour workshop with an interprofessional group of health professional educators, learners, and administrative staff. The workshop included asynchronous prework and synchronous microlectures, small-group activities, and large-group report-outs. We employed Lean Startup methodologies to promote divergent thinking. Each small group had a dedicated convener and scribe. A designated chat moderator, social media facilitator, and several audiovisual staff provided support during the workshop. RESULTS More than 4,000 ideas were generated by the 350 participants. Participants reported that prework, microlectures, and small-group activities were successful in preparing them to engage in rapid idea generation and propose potential solutions for future learning spaces within health professions education. DISCUSSION The workshop, which utilized a rapid idea generation and Lean Startup methodologies format, was successful in producing an abundance of original ideas and potential solutions for future learning spaces within health professions education. As reported through postsession evaluation, participants valued the opportunity to contribute ideas and co-create potential solutions to guide future planning and feasibility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Billings
- Assistant Professor and Director of Faculty Development, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Theresa Malin
- Senior Education Specialist, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Jennifer Allen
- Instructor in Medical Education, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Angela Bergene
- Instructor in Medical Education and Education Specialist, Faculty Development, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Katherine Cornelius
- Instructor in Medical Education and Lead Evaluator, Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science
| | - Stacy Craft
- Senior Instructional Design Specialist, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Lisa Hartzheim
- Instructor in Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Stacy A. Johnson
- Instructor in Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Jennifer Kallay
- Manager, Education Technology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Justin Kreuter
- Instructor in Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Michelle Raths
- Instructor in Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Amy Seegmiller Renner
- Assistant Professor and Associate Director of Curriculum and Assessment, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
| | - Elissa Hall
- Assistant Professor and Director of Curriculum and Education Technology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science
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Ginesi M, Ofshteyn A, Bliggenstorfer J, Bingmer K, Juza R, Stein SL, Steinhagen E. General Surgery Residents' Retention of Knowledge After an Anorectal Skills Workshop. J Surg Res 2022; 274:102-107. [PMID: 35144040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have demonstrated suboptimal resident exposure to anorectal pathology. A workshop was developed at an academic general surgery residency. This study assesses durability of learning from the workshop. METHODS Thirty-six residents participated in a skills laboratory addressing diagnosis and management of anorectal complaints. The skills laboratory was broken into didactic and hand-on skills stations. Residents completed pre-, post- and 6-mo after workshop assessments to evaluate knowledge and confidence. Knowledge and confidence-based scores pre-, post- and 6-mo after workshop were compared. RESULTS Scores demonstrated retention of information. Knowledge-based question median scores improved from 63.2% pre-workshop to 73.7% post-workshop and 76.3% at 6 mo (P = 0.0005). Median confidence scores improved from 31 pre-workshop to 40 post-workshop, and were stable at 6 mo (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge and confidence gained from an anorectal skills workshop was stable or improved at 6 mo. These results suggest that an anorectal curriculum is effective at improving general surgery resident background knowledge and confidence when managing anorectal complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meridith Ginesi
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Asya Ofshteyn
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan Bliggenstorfer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katherine Bingmer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ryan Juza
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sharon L Stein
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Emily Steinhagen
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes & Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), Cleveland, Ohio.
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Stojan J, Haas M, Thammasitboon S, Lander L, Evans S, Pawlik C, Pawilkowska T, Lew M, Khamees D, Peterson W, Hider A, Grafton-Clarke C, Uraiby H, Gordon M, Daniel M. Online learning developments in undergraduate medical education in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A BEME systematic review: BEME Guide No. 69. MEDICAL TEACHER 2022; 44:109-129. [PMID: 34709949 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2021.1992373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic spurred an abrupt transition away from in-person educational activities. This systematic review investigated the pivot to online learning for nonclinical undergraduate medical education (UGME) activities and explored descriptions of educational offerings deployed, their impact, and lessons learned. METHODS The authors systematically searched four online databases and conducted a manual electronic search of MedEdPublish up to December 21, 2020. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts, performed data extraction and assessed risk of bias. A third author resolved discrepancies. Findings were reported in accordance with the STORIES (STructured apprOach to the Reporting in healthcare education of Evidence Synthesis) statement and BEME guidance. RESULTS Fifty-six articles were included. The majority (n = 41) described the rapid transition of existing offerings to online formats, whereas fewer (n = 15) described novel activities. The majority (n = 27) included a combination of synchronous and asynchronous components. Didactics (n = 40) and small groups (n = 26) were the most common instructional methods. Teachers largely integrated technology to replace and amplify rather than transform learning, though learner engagement was often interactive. Thematic analysis revealed unique challenges of online learning, as well as exemplary practices. The quality of study designs and reporting was modest, with underpinning theory at highest risk of bias. Virtually all studies (n = 54) assessed reaction/satisfaction, fewer than half (n = 23) assessed changes in attitudes, knowledge or skills, and none assessed behavioral, organizational or patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS UGME educators successfully transitioned face-to-face instructional methods online and implemented novel solutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although technology's potential to transform teaching is not yet fully realized, the use of synchronous and asynchronous formats encouraged virtual engagement, while offering flexible, self-directed learning. As we transition from emergency remote learning to a post-pandemic world, educators must underpin new developments with theory, report additional outcomes and provide details that support replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stojan
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary Haas
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Satid Thammasitboon
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lina Lander
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sean Evans
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Pawlik
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Madelyn Lew
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Deena Khamees
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Peterson
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ahmad Hider
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hussein Uraiby
- School of Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Morris Gordon
- Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Michelle Daniel
- Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Kuroda N, Suzuki A, Ozawa K, Nagai N, Okuyama Y, Koshiishi K, Yamada M, Kikukawa M. Predicting the effectiveness of the online clinical clerkship curriculum: Development of a multivariate prediction model and validation study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263182. [PMID: 35085367 PMCID: PMC8794117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Given scientific and technological advancements, expectations of online medical education are increasing. However, there is no way to predict the effectiveness of online clinical clerkship curricula. To develop a prediction model, we conducted cross-sectional national surveys in Japan. Social media surveys were conducted among medical students in Japan during the periods May–June 2020 and February–March 2021. We used the former for the derivation dataset and the latter for the validation dataset. We asked students questions in three areas: 1) opportunities to learn from each educational approach (lectures, medical quizzes, assignments, oral presentations, observation of physicians’ practice, clinical skills practice, participation in interprofessional meetings, and interactive discussions with physicians) in online clinical clerkships compared to face-to-face, 2) frequency of technical problems on online platforms, and 3) satisfaction and motivation as outcome measurements. We developed a scoring system based on a multivariate prediction model for satisfaction and motivation in a cross-sectional study of 1,671 medical students during the period May–June 2020. We externally validated this scoring with a cross-sectional study of 106 medical students during February–March 2021 and assessed its predictive performance. The final prediction models in the derivation dataset included eight variables (frequency of lectures, medical quizzes, oral presentations, observation of physicians’ practice, clinical skills practice, participation in interprofessional meetings, interactive discussions with physicians, and technical problems). We applied the prediction models created using the derivation dataset to a validation dataset. The prediction performance values, based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, were 0.69 for satisfaction (sensitivity, 0.50; specificity, 0.89) and 0.75 for motivation (sensitivity, 0.71; specificity, 0.85). We developed a prediction model for the effectiveness of the online clinical clerkship curriculum, based on students’ satisfaction and motivation. Our model will accurately predict and improve the online clinical clerkship curriculum effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Kuroda
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Epileptology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Suzuki
- Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kai Ozawa
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Makoto Kikukawa
- Department of Medical Education, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Smith CD, Atawala N, Klatt CA, Klatt EC. A review of web-based application of online learning in pathology and laboratory medicine. J Pathol Inform 2022; 13:100132. [PMID: 36268065 PMCID: PMC9577126 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpi.2022.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Web-based learning applications can support health sciences education, including knowledge acquisition in pathology and laboratory medicine. Websites can be developed to provide learning content, assessments, and products supporting pathology education. In this paper, we review informatics principles, practices, and procedures involved with educational website development in the context of existing websites and published studies of educational website usage outcomes, including that of the authors. We provide an overview with analysis of potential results of usage to inform how such websites may be used, and to guide further development. We discuss the value of educational websites for individual users, educational institutions, and professional organizations. Educational websites may offer assessments that are formative, for learning itself, as practice, preparation, and self-assessment. Open access websites have the advantage of worldwide availability 24/7, particularly aiding persons in low resource settings. Commercial offerings for educational support in formal curricula are beyond the scope of this review. This review is intended to guide those interested in website development to support non-commercial educational purposes for users seeking to improve their knowledge and diagnostic skills supporting careers in pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Edward C. Klatt
- Corresponding author at: Mercer University Health Sciences Center, 1250 East 66 Street, Savannah, GA 31404, USA.
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Scala JJ, Braun NJ, Shamardani K, Rashes ER, Wang W, Mediratta RP. Applying Kern's Six Steps to the Development of a Community-Engaged, Just-in-Time, Interdisciplinary COVID-19 Curriculum. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2022; 9:23821205221096370. [PMID: 35509682 PMCID: PMC9058336 DOI: 10.1177/23821205221096370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Universities and medical schools often work towards operationalizing their shared mission of facilitating community-engaged work independently. Based on their experience teaching the COVID-19 Elective course at Stanford University School of Medicine, the authors proposed a novel solution for universities and medical schools to achieve an interdisciplinary collaboration within a diverse student population by creating targeted, project-based, and community-engaged courses for addressing emergent health needs. In this article, the authors discuss their curriculum, which was created using Kern's six-step approach for curriculum development, to address emergent health needs related to the novel coronavirus pandemic. The curriculum provides an opportunity for universities and medical schools to advance community health, educate students across the medical and non-medical education continuum, and foster interdisciplinary cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J. Scala
- BS candidate, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel J. Braun
- Research Manager/Analyst in the Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kiarash Shamardani
- PhD Candidate in the Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Emma R. Rashes
- MS Candidate in the Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - William Wang
- BS Candidate in the Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Rishi P. Mediratta
- Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Gorman L, Berry A, Dangiolo M. Virtual Self-learning Modules Integrating Pharmacology Concepts into a Geriatric Elective. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2021; 31:1767-1772. [PMID: 34956696 PMCID: PMC8651892 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given barriers to vertical integration during clinical rotations, many struggle with employing effective virtual strategies to revisit foundational sciences during clerkship. To address this, we developed virtual geriatric pharmacology self-learning modules (SLMs) for a fourth-year geriatric elective using cases, interactive exercises, resources, feedback, and quizzes. To evaluate effectiveness, learners were administered a pre- and post-elective quiz with survey. Learners improved performance after using SLMs, valued pharmacology clerkship integration and reinforcement, and agreed SLMs improved understanding, confidence, and attitudes. Thus, SLMs were an effective virtual method for integrating pharmacology that could be modified to teach other foundational sciences during clerkships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Gorman
- Dept. Medical Education, University Central Florida College of Medicine, 6850 Lake Nona Blvd, Orlando, FL 32827 USA
| | - Andrea Berry
- Office of Faculty Life, University Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL USA
| | - Mariana Dangiolo
- Dept. Internal Medicine, University Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL USA
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Zhou B, Calkins C, Jayaraman T, Cassells S, Rotto T, Vaughan L, Srinivasan M, Schillinger E. Implementing Value-Added Medical Education: Lessons Learned From the Student-Initiated Stanford Frontline COVID-19 Consult Service. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2021; 96:1690-1695. [PMID: 33983140 PMCID: PMC8603438 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Value-added medical education (VAME) has been difficult to implement due to student and educator constraints. The COVID-19 pandemic caused mass transitions to online learning, removed students from clinical settings, and underscored students' desires for meaningful VAME opportunities. The authors introduced the Stanford Frontline COVID-19 Consult Service (SFCS), through which off-service medical and physician assistant (PA) students provided assistance to clinicians in the form of rapid research regarding COVID-19 clinical questions. APPROACH The SFCS, a student-derived VAME initiative, was implemented from March to May 2020 by Stanford University medical students, PA students, and faculty. SFCS aligned with not only the interests of clinicians and students but also national accreditation standards. Students attended weekly editorial meetings, didactic sessions on literature reviews and information management, and they underwent rigorous training on the peer review process. After 2 months, the authors expanded the service to local community clinicians. OUTCOMES The SFCS enrolled 16 students, was supported by 13 faculty members, and produced 87 peer-reviewed evidence syntheses. Of the 16 SFCS students, 13 (81%) completed evaluations; of 128 Stanford Primary Care and Population Health clinicians, 48 (38%) completed evaluations. Overall student satisfaction with the SFCS was 4.9/5 (standard deviation [SD] 0.3). Self-assessed achievement of SFCS learning objectives exceeded 90% for all objectives. Overall faculty satisfaction with the SFCS was 4.4/5 (SD 0.8). Most faculty (40/46 [87%]) planned to use the database to answer future COVID-19 questions. NEXT STEPS The SFCS is a novel, student-initiated VAME curriculum focused on increasing students' meaningful contributions to patient care. The authors will track SFCS students throughout their clerkships to gauge clerkship performance/preparedness, and they will develop training for integrating VAME into preclerkship curricula at other institutions. Given its adaptive, student-driven design, the VAME framework used to develop the SFCS empowers students to create their own personalized, experiential learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright Zhou
- B. Zhou is a fourth-year medical student, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0253-9179
| | - Christopher Calkins
- C. Calkins is a fourth-year medical student, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-1957
| | - Tanvi Jayaraman
- T. Jayaraman is a third-year medical student, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-6652
| | - Sandrene Cassells
- S. Cassells is a fourth-year medical student, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-8149
| | - Torsten Rotto
- T. Rotto is a fourth-year medical student, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Laura Vaughan
- L. Vaughan is clinical assistant professor, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-0995
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- M. Srinivasan is clinical professor, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-0016
| | - Erika Schillinger
- E. Schillinger is clinical professor and vice chief of education, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0836-6237
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Gatsios D, Antonini A, Gentile G, Konitsiotis S, Fotiadis D, Nixina I, Taba P, Weck C, Lorenzl S, Lex KM, Paal P. Education on palliative care for Parkinson patients: development of the "Best care for people with late-stage Parkinson's disease" curriculum toolkit. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:538. [PMID: 34696752 PMCID: PMC8547059 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care education among all stakeholders involved in the care of patients with late-stage Parkinson's disease is not adequate. In fact, there are many unmet educational and training needs as confirmed with a targeted, narrative literature review. METHODS To address these needs we have developed the "Best Care for People with Late-Stage Parkinson's Disease" curriculum toolkit. The toolkit is based on recommendations and guidelines for training clinicians and other healthcare professionals involved in palliative care, educational material developed in recent research efforts for patients and caregivers with PD and consensus meetings of leading experts in the field. The final version of the proposed toolkit was drafted after an evaluation by external experts with an online survey, the feedback of which was statistically analysed with the chi-square test of independence to assess experts' views on the relevance and importance of the topics. A sentiment analysis was also done to complement statistics and assess the experts positive and negative sentiments for the curriculum topics based on their free text feedback. RESULTS The toolkit is compliant with Kern's foundational framework for curriculum development, recently adapted to online learning. The statistical analysis of the online survey, aiming at toolkit evaluation from external experts (27 in total), confirms that all but one (nutrition in advanced Parkinson's disease) topics included, as well as their objectives and content, are highly relevant and useful. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, the methods for the development of the toolkit, its stepwise evolution, as well as the toolkit implementation as a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC), are presented. The "Best Care for People with Late-Stage Parkinson' s disease" curriculum toolkit can provide high-quality and equitable education, delivered by an interdisciplinary team of educators. The toolkit can improve communication about palliative care in neurological conditions at international and multidisciplinary level. It can also offer continuing medical education for healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Gatsios
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece.
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Study Center for Neurodegeneration, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gentile
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, Study Center for Neurodegeneration, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Spyridon Konitsiotis
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Irini Nixina
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Pille Taba
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine|, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Clinic of Neurology, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christiane Weck
- University Hospital Agatharied, Hausham, Germany
- Palliative Care Research Hub, WHO Collaborating Centre at the Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University in Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Lorenzl
- University Hospital Agatharied, Hausham, Germany
- Palliative Care Research Hub, WHO Collaborating Centre at the Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University in Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Maria Lex
- Palliative Care Research Hub, WHO Collaborating Centre at the Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University in Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Piret Paal
- Palliative Care Research Hub, WHO Collaborating Centre at the Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University in Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Yang L, Zheng S, Xu X, Sun Y, Wang X, Li J. Medical Data Mining Course Development in Postgraduate Medical Education: Web-Based Survey and Case Study. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 7:e24027. [PMID: 34596575 PMCID: PMC8520135 DOI: 10.2196/24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical postgraduates' demand for data capabilities is growing, as biomedical research becomes more data driven, integrative, and computational. In the context of the application of big data in health and medicine, the integration of data mining skills into postgraduate medical education becomes important. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the design and implementation of a medical data mining course for medical postgraduates with diverse backgrounds in a medical school. METHODS We developed a medical data mining course called "Practical Techniques of Medical Data Mining" for postgraduate medical education and taught the course online at Peking Union Medical College (PUMC). To identify the background knowledge, programming skills, and expectations of targeted learners, we conducted a web-based questionnaire survey. After determining the instructional methods to be used in the course, three technical platforms-Rain Classroom, Tencent Meeting, and WeChat-were chosen for online teaching. A medical data mining platform called Medical Data Mining - R Programming Hub (MedHub) was developed for self-learning, which could support the development and comprehensive testing of data mining algorithms. Finally, we carried out a postcourse survey and a case study to demonstrate that our online course could accommodate a diverse group of medical students with a wide range of academic backgrounds and programming experience. RESULTS In total, 200 postgraduates from 30 disciplines participated in the precourse survey. Based on the analysis of students' characteristics and expectations, we designed an optimized course structured into nine logical teaching units (one 4-hour unit per week for 9 weeks). The course covered basic knowledge of R programming, machine learning models, clinical data mining, and omics data mining, among other topics, as well as diversified health care analysis scenarios. Finally, this 9-week course was successfully implemented in an online format from May to July in the spring semester of 2020 at PUMC. A total of 6 faculty members and 317 students participated in the course. Postcourse survey data showed that our course was considered to be very practical (83/83, 100% indicated "very positive" or "positive"), and MedHub received the best feedback, both in function (80/83, 96% chose "satisfied") and teaching effect (80/83, 96% chose "satisfied"). The case study showed that our course was able to fill the gap between student expectations and learning outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We developed content for a data mining course, with online instructional methods to accommodate the diversified characteristics of students. Our optimized course could improve the data mining skills of medical students with a wide range of academic backgrounds and programming experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Si Zheng
- Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yueping Sun
- Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwen Wang
- Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Institute of Medical Information and Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Roberts B, Mehta AK, McWhirter M, Dy SM, Wright SM, Wu DS. Narrative Approach to Goals of Care Discussions: Adapting the 3-Act Model Training to an Online Format. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 62:197-201. [PMID: 33587992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The three-Act Model, a narrative approach to goals of care (GOC) discussions centered on patients' individual stories, has proven to be effective as measured by objective skill improvement among medical trainees. This study describes the adaptation of the in-person curriculum to a streamlined, online format, in the setting of the Covid19 pandemic. We hypothesized that high levels of skill proficiency and learner satisfaction observed in previous in-person cohorts would be sustained amongst trainees in the online setting. OBJECTIVE Our primary aim was to assess the skills proficiency of a cohort of internal medicine interns undergoing online training for GOC discussions with the three-Act Model. Our secondary goal was to assess learners' satisfaction with the prerecorded didactic video and online role plays. METHODS Our team used REDCap for the data collection, and as the user-facing hub for learners to access didactic video content and for submitting surveys. We used Zoom to host synchronous discussions and role-play sessions. Trainers used the previously validated Goals of Care Assessment Tool (GCAT) to objectively rate intern proficiency in two role plays each. RESULTS Twenty-one internal medicine interns began the training; 20 completed the training and were assessed using the GCAT. All but one intern who completed the training (19 of 20, 95%) achieved proficiency in leading a GOC discussion as measured objectively using the GCAT. Learner satisfaction was high: 1) 100% of respondents recommended the training to others as a "good" (26.7%) or "outstanding" experience (73.3%); 2) 93.3% were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" using a online, distance-learning format for the prerecorded didactic component; 3) 80% were "satisfied" or "very satisfied" using an online, distance-learning format for the role-play component; and 4) 93.3% were content with the number of role plays. The amount of time dedicated to this training decreased compared to prior years when done in person (six hours) - to four hours and 40 minutes for learners and under four hours for trainers. CONCLUSION After completing the adapted online three-Act Model training, nearly all learners were scored to be proficient in GOC communication skills and reported high satisfaction with the online curriculum. Achieving high quality more efficiently represents genuine educational value. Further, these online teaching results show that the three-Act Model training can be delivered to geographically distanced learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Roberts
- Palliative Care Program, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Ambereen K Mehta
- Palliative Care Program, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle McWhirter
- Palliative Care Program, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sydney Morss Dy
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott M Wright
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Shih Wu
- Palliative Care Program, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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D de la Cruz MS, Smith RS, Silverio AE, Casola AR, Kelly EL. What we learned in the development of a third-year medical student curricular project. PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 10:167-170. [PMID: 33502749 PMCID: PMC8187514 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-021-00648-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The application of continuous systems improvement in medical education can provide actionable information for curriculum development, improvement, and future planning (as reported by Bowe and Armstrong, Acad Med 92:585-92, 2017). After receiving a medical education grant, we developed a curriculum to teach medical students how to use quality improvement (QI) to address health disparities in vulnerable populations. During the process of developing and implementing this curriculum, we learned several lessons.One of the major surprises was that our proposed project work took much longer to complete than anticipated. This was mainly because we did not have the right team assembled from the beginning. Specifically, we were missing a team member with evaluation expertise, and therefore we did not devise a systematic process for evaluation and assessment. Without periodic checks or timely assessments built into our curriculum design, we received feedback from students after it was too late to implement changes. We realized that our initial research design had some methodological flaws, which we later rectified.We encountered additional technical challenges during the curriculum implementation. We struggled with various online learning platforms. Through this, we learned the importance of being knowledgeable upfront about the features of learning platforms and adaptable to changing educational technologies. We also learned our curriculum could and should evolve to meet the needs of our learners and faculty. Moving forward, we realize the benefit of applying a quality improvement process to our curriculum development and implementation, which will help us to continuously transform medical education for future health care needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Syl D de la Cruz
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Rashida S Smith
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexis E Silverio
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison R Casola
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erin L Kelly
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Yilmaz Y, Sarikaya O, Senol Y, Baykan Z, Karaca O, Demiral Yilmaz N, Altintas L, Onan A, Sayek İ. RE-AIMing COVID-19 online learning for medical students: a massive open online course evaluation. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:303. [PMID: 34039344 PMCID: PMC8154107 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02751-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical training during the COVID-19 pandemic is high risk for medical students. Medical schools in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have limited capacity to develop resources in the face of rapidly developing health emergencies. Here, a free Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) was developed as a COVID-19 resource for medical students working in these settings, and its effectiveness was evaluated. METHODS The RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of MOOC in teaching medical students about COVID-19. The data sources included the student registration forms, metrics quantifying their interactions within the modules, students' course feedback, and free-text responses. The data were collected from the Moodle learning management system and Google analytics from May 9 to September 15, 2020. The research team analyzed the quantitative data descriptively and the qualitative data thematically. RESULTS Among the 16,237 unique visitors who accessed the course, only 6031 medical students from 71 medical schools registered, and about 4993 (83% of registrants) completed the course, indicating high levels of satisfaction (M = 8.17, SD = 1.49) on a 10-point scale. The mean scores of each assessment modules were > 90%. The free-text responses from 987 unique students revealed a total of 17 themes (e.g., knowing the general information on COVID-19, process management of the pandemic in public health, online platform use, and instructional design) across the elements of the RE-AIM framework. Mainly, the students characterized the MOOC as well-organized and effective. CONCLUSIONS Medical students learned about COVID-19 using a self-paced and unmonitored MOOC. MOOCs could play a vital role in the dissemination of accurate information to medical students in LMIC in future public health emergencies. The students were interested in using similar MOOCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Yilmaz
- McMaster Education Research, Innovation, and Theory (MERIT), and Office of Continuing Professional Development Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 100 Main Street West, 5th Floor, Room 5003, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada.
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ozlem Sarikaya
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Senol
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Baykan
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ozan Karaca
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Levent Altintas
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arif Onan
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İskender Sayek
- Association for Evaluation and Accreditation of Medical Education Programs, İzmir, Turkey
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[E-Learning in pathology]. DER PATHOLOGE 2021; 42:305-309. [PMID: 33852052 PMCID: PMC8044288 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-021-00936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Digital formats have become an indispensable part of academic teaching, including education and training in pathology. Their use offers the perspective of rendering conventional teaching formats more diversified and more flexible since students can adopt the timing and learning speed to their individual needs. However, digital formats should be designed to fulfill the intended didactic purpose within a teaching concept that addresses competences and specific aims. The current view is that E‑learning neither will nor should replace face-to-face teaching, but that both can fuse into blended-learning formats using the best of both worlds. It is important to view the implementation of E‑learning as a dynamic process that should be underpinned by didactic research and be constantly developed further through evaluation and feedback from both teachers and students.
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Baticulon RE, Sy JJ, Alberto NRI, Baron MBC, Mabulay REC, Rizada LGT, Tiu CJS, Clarion CA, Reyes JCB. Barriers to Online Learning in the Time of COVID-19: A National Survey of Medical Students in the Philippines. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2021; 31:615-626. [PMID: 33649712 PMCID: PMC7904236 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-021-01231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In March 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced medical schools in the Philippines to stop face-to-face learning activities and abruptly shift to an online curriculum. This study aimed to identify barriers to online learning from the perspective of medical students in a developing country. METHODS The authors sent out an electronic survey to medical students in the Philippines from 11 to 24 May 2020. Using a combination of multiple-choice, Likert scale, and open-ended questions, the following data were obtained: demographics, medical school information, access to technological resources, study habits, living conditions, self-assessment of capacity for and perceived barriers to online learning, and proposed interventions. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Responses were compared between student subgroups using nonparametric tests. RESULTS Among 3670 medical students, 93% owned a smartphone and 83% had a laptop or desktop computer. To access online resources, 79% had a postpaid internet subscription while 19% used prepaid mobile data. Under prevailing conditions, only 1505 students (41%) considered themselves physically and mentally capable of engaging in online learning. Barriers were classified under five categories: technological, individual, domestic, institutional, and community barriers. DISCUSSION Medical students in the Philippines confronted several interrelated barriers as they tried to adapt to online learning. Most frequently encountered were difficulty adjusting learning styles, having to perform responsibilities at home, and poor communication between educators and learners. By implementing student-centered interventions, medical schools and educators play a significant role in addressing these challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-021-01231-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie E. Baticulon
- Department of Anatomy, University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jinno Jenkin Sy
- University of the Philippines College of Medicine, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charlie A. Clarion
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - John Carlo B. Reyes
- National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
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Ketterer B, Childers JW, Arnold RM. An Innovative Application of Online Learning for Hospice Education in Medicine Trainees. J Palliat Med 2021; 24:919-923. [PMID: 33646055 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To improve residents' knowledge, self-perceived skills, and attitudes about hospice. Methods: An online case-based curriculum in a flipped classroom design was provided to postgraduate year-one (PGY-1) residents. Residents completed a pre- and postassessment. Postgraduate year-two (PGY-2) residents served as a historical control. Results: Fifty-one PGY-1 residents received the curriculum. Postcurriculum knowledge scores increased significantly and were not statistically different from PGY-2 controls (n = 55). Postcurriculum confidence scores increased significantly and were statistically different from controls in subdomains of talking about hospice, facilitating the clinic to hospice transition, and seeking help with hospice dilemmas. Satisfaction with training in hospice was significantly higher after receiving the curriculum. Conclusion: A flipped classroom curriculum increased knowledge, confidence in skills, and satisfaction with residency training in hospice care. This design offers curriculum solutions that address competing demands in the new era of social distancing and remote learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Ketterer
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Julie W Childers
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert M Arnold
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tsujimoto H, Kataoka Y, Sato Y, Banno M, Tsujino-Tsujimoto E, Sumi Y, Sada R, Fujiwara T, Ohtake Y, Kumasawa J, Imura H, Matsuda Y, So R, Kagawa T, Yoshioka T, Uneno Y, Nagano H, Akazawa M, Hozumi T, Tsujimoto Y. A model six-month workshop for developing systematic review protocols at teaching hospitals: action research and scholarly productivity. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:98. [PMID: 33568114 PMCID: PMC7875449 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research engagement contributes to the improvement of patient care. A systematic review is a suitable first scholarly activity because it entails summarization of publicly available data and usually requires neither rigorous ethical review nor research funding. METHODS This study aimed to develop a model workshop for healthcare staff to acquire skills in creating systematic review protocols based on their own clinical questions at teaching hospitals. We used an action research method to create a model workshop at four hospitals in Japan from April 2015 to March 2017. To improve the program, we solicited reflections using participant questionnaires for each lecture and examined the quality of homework submitted by participants after each lecture. We administered a revised final version of the workshop at five hospitals from April 2016 to March 2017. We evaluated the participants' scholarly productivity related to these workshops. The observation period was a minimum of 2 years following the workshops. RESULTS Most participants had never developed a formal clinical research protocol and voluntarily participated in the workshop. The action research was developed and implemented at nine teaching hospitals in Japan, including one university hospital. The study developed a model nine-step workshop curriculum: 1) Research question development, 2) Search strategy development, 3) Search strategy brush-up, 4) Exclusion and inclusion criteria development, 5) Risk of bias assessment planning, 6) Meta-analysis planning, 7) Subgroup and sensitivity analysis planning, 8) Planning the presentation of results, and 9) Presentation protocols. A total of 233 participants, including medical doctors and other health professionals, produced 414 research questions. Seventy-nine participants (34%) completed the workshop, and 47 review teams accomplished systematic review protocols. The participants published 13 peer-reviewed articles as a result of the workshop. CONCLUSIONS We developed a structured scholarly productive model workshop for healthcare staff working at hospitals. We found healthcare staff with clinical subspecialties were able to develop an unexpectedly high number of research questions through this workshop. Medical teachers at hospitals with prior systematic review experience could teach how to develop systematic review protocols using this model. Further research is needed to increase the academic productivity of such workshops. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN (https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/), UMIN000017107 (4/15/2015), UMIN000025580 (1/10/2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tsujimoto
- Hospital Care Research Unit, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Hospital Care Research Unit, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan.
- Systematic Review Workshop Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan.
- Section of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yukihito Sato
- Hospital Care Research Unit, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Banno
- Systematic Review Workshop Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Seichiryo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Yukiyoshi Sumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujiwara
- Department of Otolaryngology Neck and Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ohtake
- Department of Internal Medicine, Itami Seifu Hospital, Itami, Japan
| | - Junji Kumasawa
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Haruki Imura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Matsuda
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Ryuhei So
- Systematic Review Workshop Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health Promotion and Human Behavior, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshioka
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence (CiRC2LE), Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yu Uneno
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagano
- Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Akazawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takunori Hozumi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Ohbu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsujimoto
- Systematic Review Workshop Peer Support Group (SRWS-PSG), Osaka, Japan
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine / School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Kyoritsu Hospital, Kawanishi, Japan
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Parikh SV, Bostwick JR, Bastida M, Taubman DS. Improving psychiatric medication use through the Michigan e-psychopharmacology course for nurse practitioners: A pre-post/follow-up study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2020; 56:547-553. [PMID: 31879974 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing demands for mental health treatment represent a key opportunity for nurse practitioners (NPs) to provide more psychiatric medication treatment (psychopharmacology). Given this need, NPs could benefit from opportunities to enhance knowledge and skills in psychopharmacology. DESIGN AND METHODS A novel videoconference course was developed and tested, with 6 weekly sessions taught by a facilitator and a speaker, evaluated by multiple outcomes. FINDINGS Course feasibility and evidence of improved NP confidence and performance in psychopharmacology were both demonstrated. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Continuing education providers should consider adopting this model for effective and accessible NP psychopharmacology education, potentially expanding NP mental healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar V Parikh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Maria Bastida
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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