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Zhou C, Li M, Ren Y, Miao F, Wang Y, Wu T, Gou X, Li W. Immune characteristics of dedifferentiated retroperitoneal liposarcomas and the reliability of regional samples in evaluating their tumor immune microenvironments. World J Surg Oncol 2024; 22:25. [PMID: 38254190 PMCID: PMC10804478 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor immunotherapy is a new treatment breakthrough for retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS), which is highly invasive and has few effective treatment options other than tumor resection. However, the heterogeneity of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) leads to missed clinical diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate whether the TIME of a certain part of the tumor reliably represents the whole tumor, particularly for very large tumors, such as RPLS. METHODS We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the TIME in different regions of dedifferentiated RPLS (DDRPLS) by detecting the expressions of markers such as CD4+, CD8+, Foxp3+, CD20+, CD68+, LAMP3+, PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and PD-L1 in tumors and corresponding paratumor tissues via immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing. RESULTS In DDRPLS, very few TILs were observed. Differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in cell part and cell functions, as well as the metabolic pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In addition, for most tumors (70-80%), the TIME was similar in different tumor regions. CONCLUSIONS For most tumors (70-80%), the TIME in any region of the tumor reliably represents the whole tumor. DDRPLS may regulate cell functions by modulating the metabolic and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways to promote its malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Zhou
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Retroperitoneal Tumor Research Center of Oncology Chapter of Chinese Medical Association, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Retroperitoneal Tumor Research Center of Oncology Chapter of Chinese Medical Association, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Xiamen Medicine Research Institute, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yantao Ren
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Retroperitoneal Tumor Research Center of Oncology Chapter of Chinese Medical Association, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Miao
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Retroperitoneal Tumor Research Center of Oncology Chapter of Chinese Medical Association, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
- Retroperitoneal Tumor Research Center of Oncology Chapter of Chinese Medical Association, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Retroperitoneal Tumor Research Center of Oncology Chapter of Chinese Medical Association, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wengang Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
- Retroperitoneal Tumor Research Center of Oncology Chapter of Chinese Medical Association, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, People's Republic of China.
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Shen YC, Hsu CL, Jeng YM, Ho MC, Ho CM, Yeh CP, Yeh CY, Hsu MC, Hu RH, Cheng AL. Reliability of a single-region sample to evaluate tumor immune microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2020; 72:489-497. [PMID: 31634533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intratumor heterogeneity has frequently been reported in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, the reliability of single-region tumor samples for evaluation of the tumor immune microenvironment is also debatable. We conducted a prospective study to analyze the similarity in tumor immune microenvironments among different regions of a single tumor. METHODS Multi-region sampling was performed on newly resected tumors. The tumor immune microenvironment was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of PD-L1, CD4, CD8, CD20, FoxP3, DC-LAMP (or LAMP3), CD68, MPO, and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). PD-L1 expression was manually quantified according to the percentage of PD-L1-stained tumor or stromal cells. The densities (number/mm2) of immune cells and the number of TLSs per sample were determined by whole-section counting. RNA-sequencing was applied in selected samples. Similarities in tumor immune microenvironments within each tumor were evaluated by multivariate Mahalanobis distance analyses. RESULTS Thirteen tumors were collected from 12 patients. The median diameter of tumors was 9 cm (range 3-16 cm). A median of 6 samples (range 3-12) were obtained from each tumor. Nine (69.2%) tumors exhibited uniform expression of PD-L1 in all regions of the tumor. Out of 13 tumors analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, 8 (61.5%) tumors displayed a narrow Mahalanobis distance for all regions within the tumor; while 8 (66.7%) of the 12 tumors analyzed by RNA-sequencing displayed a narrow Mahalanobis distance. Immunohistochemistry and RNA-sequencing had a high concordance rate (83.3%; 10 of 12 tumors) for the evaluation of similarities between tumor immune microenvironments within a tumor. CONCLUSIONS A single-region tumor sample might be reliable for the evaluation of tumor immune microenvironments in approximately 60-70% of patients with HCC. LAY SUMMARY Heterogeneity in the regional immune microenvironments of tumors has been reported in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. This heterogeneity could be an obstacle when trying to reliably evaluate the immune microenvironment of an entire tumor using only a single-region tumor sample, which may be the only option in patients with more advanced disease. Our study utilized both immunohistochemical and transcriptomic analyses to demonstrate that a single-region sample is reliable for evaluation of tumor immune microenvironments in 60-70% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taiwan; Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Jeng
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Ho
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Maw Ho
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chi Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Heng Hu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taiwan; Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Oncology, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
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Guisier F, Barros-Filho MC, Rock LD, Strachan-Whaley M, Marshall EA, Dellaire G, Lam WL. Janus or Hydra: The Many Faces of T Helper Cells in the Human Tumour Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1224:35-51. [PMID: 32036603 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35723-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T helper (TH) cells are key regulators in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), mediating the adaptive immunological response towards cancer, mainly through the activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. After antigen recognition and proper co-stimulation, naïve TH cells are activated, undergo clonal expansion, and release cytokines that will define the differentiation of a specific effector TH cell subtype. These different subtypes have different functions, which can mediate both anti- and pro-tumour immunological responses. Here, we present the dual role of TH cells restraining or promoting the tumour, the factors controlling their homing and differentiation in the TIME, their influence on immunotherapy, and their use as prognostic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Guisier
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology and Intensive Respiratory Care, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.
| | - Mateus Camargo Barros-Filho
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leigha D Rock
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Oral and Biological Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.,Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network (CE2C.ca), Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Canadian Environmental Exposures in Cancer (CE2C) Network (CE2C.ca), Halifax, NS, Canada
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Chen CH, Lu TP. Utilizing gene expression profiles to characterize tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in cancers. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S289. [PMID: 32016008 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Tzu-Pin Lu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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Xu X, Tan Y, Qian Y, Xue W, Wang Y, Du J, Jin L, Ding W. Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e13923. [PMID: 30633166 PMCID: PMC6336640 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the clinicopathologic and prognostic roles of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells for survival are still controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to resolve this issue. METHODS We identified studies from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to evaluate the clinicopathologic and prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in patients with HCC. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate clinicopathologic characteristics, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated employing fixed-effect or random-effect models depending on the heterogeneity of the included trials. RESULTS A total of 3509 patients from 21 observational studies were enrolled. The meta-analysis revealed that high levels of intratumoral CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were associated with better OS (OS; HR = 0.676, P = .001) and disease-free survival (disease-free survival [DFS]; HR = 0.712, P = .002). The pooled analysis also demonstrated high density of infiltration of CD8+ TILs in margin of tumor (MT) was statistically significant associated with better OS (HR = 0.577; P <.001). Moreover, the patients with low CD8+ TILs infiltration had negative HBSAg (OR = 1.67, P = .02), large tumor size (OR = 1.74, P <.01), and later TNM stage (OR = 1.70, P <.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that low levels of CD8+ TILs predict large tumor size, later TNM stage and might be a promising prognostic factor of HCC especially for Asian patients. High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to determine if CD8+ TILs could serve as targets for immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yulin Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiration, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Jianguo Du
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
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6
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Ding W, Xu X, Qian Y, Xue W, Wang Y, Du J, Jin L, Tan Y. Prognostic value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13301. [PMID: 30557978 PMCID: PMC6320107 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for survival is still controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the prognostic effect of TILs in HCC. METHODS We identify studies from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to evaluate the prognostic value of TILs in patients with HCC. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate overall survival and disease-free survival. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated employing fixed-effect or random-effect models depending on the heterogeneity of the included trials. RESULTS A total of 7905 patients from 46 observational studies were enrolled. For TILs subsets, the density of CD8+, FOXP3+, CD3+, and Granzyme B+ lymphocytes was significantly associated with improved survival (P < .05). The density of FOXP3+ TILs in intratumor (IT) was the most significant prognostic marker (pooled HR = 1.894; 95% CI = 1.659-2.164; P < .001). Patients with high infiltration of CD8+ TILs in IT (pooled HR = 0.676; 95% CI = 0.540-0.845; P = .001) or in margin of tumor (MT) (pooled HR = 0.577; 95% CI = 0.437-0.760; P < .001) had better OS. The pooled analysis revealed that high density of Granzyme B+ T-lymphocytes in IT was statistically significant associated with better OS (pooled HR = 0.621; 95% CI = 0.516-0.748; P < .001) and DFS (pooled HR = 0.678; 95% CI = 0.563-0.815; P < .001). It was interesting that high density of CD3+ in IT foreboded worse OS (pooled HR = 1.008; 95% CI = 1.000-1.015; P = .037), but better DFS (pooled HR = 0.596; 95% CI = 0.374-0.948; P = .029). CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that some TIL subsets could serve as prognostic biomarkers in HCC. High-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to determine if these TILs could serve as targets for immunotherapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Xuezhong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of respiration, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yibo Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Jianguo Du
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
| | - Yulin Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Wujin Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province
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Obeid JM, Kunk PR, Zaydfudim VM, Bullock TN, Slingluff CL, Rahma OE. Immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients: is it ready for prime time? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2018; 67:161-174. [PMID: 29052780 PMCID: PMC11028155 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Current treatment options for patients with intermediate and advanced HCC are limited, and there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. HCC is an attractive target for immunomodulation therapy, since it arises in an inflammatory milieu due to hepatitis B and C infections and cirrhosis. However, a major barrier to the development and success of immunotherapy in patients with HCC is the liver's inherent immunosuppressive function. Recent advances in the field of cancer immunology allowed further characterization of immune cell subsets and function, and created new opportunities for therapeutic modulation of the immune system. In this review, we present the different immune cell subsets involved in potential immune modulation of HCC, discuss their function and clinical relevance, review the variety of immune therapeutic agents currently under investigation in clinical trials, and outline future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Obeid
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Paul R Kunk
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Timothy N Bullock
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Osama E Rahma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, M1B13, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Mazumdar M, Moshier EL, Özbek U, Parsons R. Ten Essential Practices for Developing or Reforming a Biostatistics Core for a NCI Designated Cancer Center. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018; 2:pky010. [PMID: 31360841 PMCID: PMC6649702 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There are 69 National Cancer Institute (NCI) designated Cancer Centers (CCs) in the United States. Biostatistical collaboration is pivotal in cancer research, and support for a cancer biostatistics shared resource facility (C-BSRF) is included in the award. Although the services and staff needed in a C-BSRF have been outlined in general terms and best practices for biostatistical consultations and collaboration in an academic health center have been agreed upon, implementing these practices in the demanding setting of cancer centers interested in pursuing or maintaining NCI designation remains challenging. We surveyed all C-BSRF websites to assess their organizational charts, governance, size, services provided, and financial models and have identified 10 essential practices for the development of a successful C-BSRF. Here, we share our success with, and barriers to, implementation of these practices. Showcasing development plans for these essential practices resulted in an NCI score of "Excellent to Outstanding" for our C-BSRF in 2015, and performance metrics in 2016-2017 demonstrated notable improvement since our original Cancer Center Support Grant (CCSG) application in 2014. We believe that the essential practices described here can be adapted and adjusted, as needed, for CCs of various sizes and with different types of cancer research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Mazumdar
- Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Biostatistics Shared Resource Facility, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Erin L Moshier
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Biostatistics Shared Resource Facility, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Umut Özbek
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Biostatistics Shared Resource Facility, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Ramon Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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9
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Xu F, Yi J, Wang F, Wang W, Wang Z, Xue J, Luan X. Involvement of soluble B7-H3 in combination with the serum inflammatory cytokines interleukin-17, -8 and -6 in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:8138-8143. [PMID: 29344257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that B7-H3, and the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-17, IL-8 and IL-6, are involved in the development of a variety of tumors. The objectives of the present study were: i) To investigate the association between soluble B7-H3 (sB7-H3) and cytokine levels of IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); and ii) to determine their potential value for use in HCC diagnosis. Serum sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 levels in the HCC patients and healthy control subjects were measured using ELISA. The accuracy of each of these biomarkers in HCC diagnosis was compared using a receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC). A logistic regression model was used to investigate the accuracy of diagnosing HCC when evaluated using combined determinations of sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 levels. The data demonstrated that serum levels of sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 were significantly increased in HCC patients compared with those in the healthy control group. Serum sB7-H3 levels were positively associated with serum IL-17, whereas serum IL-8 levels were negatively correlated with serum IL-17 levels. The AUC values for sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 were 83.2, 65.7, 95.3 and 97.0%, respectively, and indicated that all four biomarkers exhibited a statistically significant capacity for diagnosing HCC. Using the logistic regression model, the AUC value, sensitivity and specificity, as determined for the combination of the four biomarkers, were 99.2, 96.67 and 97.14%, respectively. This was significantly greater than that achieved when any single biomarker was used alone in the logistic regression model to assess their accuracy in HCC diagnosis. The optimum cutoff value of the predicted probability obtained by the combination of sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 in the regression model was 0.5745. To conclude, the present study revealed that there exists a positive association between serum sB7-H3 and IL-17 levels in HCC patients. Determinations involving the combination of serum sB7-H3, IL-17, IL-8 and IL-6 levels demonstrate great potential for use in HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghuang Xu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Junzhu Yi
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoya Wang
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Xue
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xiying Luan
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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10
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Yao W, He JC, Yang Y, Wang JM, Qian YW, Yang T, Ji L. The Prognostic Value of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7525. [PMID: 28790445 PMCID: PMC5548736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical studies have found that the levels of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) significantly correlated with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, these conclusions and data remain controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value and clinical utilization of TILs in patients with HCC. A total of 23 relevant studies of 3173 patients were included into our meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that high levels of CD8 + and CD3 + TILs had a better prognostic value on overall survival (OS), with HRs of 0.71 (P = 0.04) and 0.63 (P = 0.03), respectively, compared to low levels, as did high levels of CD8 + , CD3 + and CD4 + TILs on disease/recurrence-free survival (DFS/RFS), with HRs of 0.66 (P = 0.01), 0.60 (P = 0.01) and 0.79 (P = 0.04), respectively. In contrast, high levels of FoxP3 + TILs had a worse prognostic value on OS and DFS/RFS, with HRs of 2.06 (P < 0.00001) and 1.77 (P < 0.00001), respectively. The FoxP3+/CD4+ and FoxP3+/CD8+ ratios negatively correlated with OS and DFS/RFS. These findings suggest that TILs may serve as a prognostic biomarker in HCC. However, further research should be performed to clarify the clinical value of TILs in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jun-Chuang He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Ya-Wei Qian
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Lei Ji
- Department of Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery/Cancer Research Center Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
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11
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Barnes TA, Amir E. HYPE or HOPE: the prognostic value of infiltrating immune cells in cancer. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:451-460. [PMID: 28704840 PMCID: PMC5558691 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between immune and malignant cells have been known to have clinical relevance for decades. The potential for immune control is now being therapeutically enhanced with checkpoint inhibitors and other novel agents to improve outcomes in cancer. The importance of the immune infiltrate as a prognostic marker is increasingly relevant. In this minireview, we present an overview of the immune infiltrate and its spatial organisation, and summarise the prognostic value of immune cells in different cancer types. International collaborative efforts are standardising histopathologic reporting of the immune infiltrate, to allow application of these parameters in the clinical and research settings. In general terms, a 'pro-inflammatory' tumour microenvironment and infiltrating CD8-expressing T lymphocytes are associated with improved clinical outcomes in a broad range of tumour types. The inhibitory function of other immune cells, for example, myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, appear to have a major role in disrupting the capacity for the immune control of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan A Barnes
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Eitan Amir
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
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12
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Sun L, Xu G, Liao W, Yang H, Xu H, Du S, Zhao H, Lu X, Sang X, Mao Y. Clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of regulatory T cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:39658-39672. [PMID: 28487498 PMCID: PMC5503641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to resolve this issue. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and the Web of Science were searched to identify eligible studies performed up to November 2016. A total of 3,854 HCC patients from 27 cohort studies were included. The meta-analysis revealed that high levels of Tregs were associated with poor overall survival (OS; HR = 1.95, P < 0.00001) and disease-free survival (DFS; HR = 1.82, P < 0.00001). However, the prognostic effect varied greatly according to the site of the Tregs. Higher intratumoral and peripheral blood levels of Tregs were associated with shorter OS and DFS, whereas a high peritumoral Tregs level was not associated with decreased OS and DFS. Trial design, therapy and method of detection had no effect on prognosis of Tregs. Moreover, the patients with high Tregs infiltration had multiple tumors, high AFP level, poor differentiation, later TNM stage, and vascular invasion. The present study demonstrates that high levels of intratumoral and peripheral blood Tregs predict multiple tumors, high AFP level, poor differentiation, later TNM stage, and vascular invasion and might be a promising prognostic factor in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haifeng Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
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Chang NW, Dai HJ, Shih YY, Wu CY, Dela Rosa MAC, Obena RP, Chen YJ, Hsu WL, Oyang YJ. Biomarker identification of hepatocellular carcinoma using a methodical literature mining strategy. Database (Oxford) 2017; 2017:bax082. [PMID: 31725857 PMCID: PMC7243925 DOI: 10.1093/database/bax082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths, carries a 5-year survival rate of 18%, underscoring the need for robust biomarkers. In spite of the increased availability of HCC related literatures, many of the promising biomarkers reported have not been validated for clinical use. To narrow down the wide range of possible biomarkers for further clinical validation, bioinformaticians need to sort them out using information provided in published works. Biomedical text mining is an automated way to obtain information of interest within the massive collection of biomedical knowledge, thus enabling extraction of data for biomarkers associated with certain diseases. This method can significantly reduce both the time and effort spent on studying important maladies such as liver diseases. Herein, we report a text mining-aided curation pipeline to identify potential biomarkers for liver cancer. The curation pipeline integrates PubMed E-Utilities to collect abstracts from PubMed and recognize several types of named entities by machine learning-based and pattern-based methods. Genes/proteins from evidential sentences were classified as candidate biomarkers using a convolutional neural network. Lastly, extracted biomarkers were ranked depending on several criteria, such as the frequency of keywords and articles and the journal impact factor, and then integrated into a meaningful list for bioinformaticians. Based on the developed pipeline, we constructed MarkerHub, which contains 2128 candidate biomarkers extracted from PubMed publications from 2008 to 2017. Database URL: http://markerhub.iis.sinica.edu.tw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Wen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jie Dai
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
- Interdisciplinary Program of Green and Information Technology, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yu Shih
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yang Wu
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lian Hsu
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jen Oyang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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