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Su H, Mueller A, Goldstein H. Recent advances on anti-HIV chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell treatment to provide sustained HIV remission. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:169-178. [PMID: 38695148 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Successful sustained remission of HIV infection has been achieved after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of leukemia in a small cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH). This breakthrough demonstrated that the goal of curing HIV was achievable. However, the high morbidity and mortality associated with bone marrow transplantation limits the routine application of this approach and provides a strong rationale for pursuing alternative strategies for sustained long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free HIV remission. Notably, long-term immune-mediated control of HIV replication observed in elite controllers and posttreatment controllers suggests that potent HIV-specific immune responses could provide sustained ART-free remission in PLWH. The capacity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells engineered to target malignant cells to induce remission and cure in cancer patients made this an attractive approach to provide PLWH with a potent HIV-specific immune response. Here, we review the recent advances in the design and application of anti-HIV CAR-T-cell therapy to provide a functional HIV cure. RECENT FINDINGS HIV reservoirs are established days after infection and persist through clonal expansion of infected cells. The continuous interaction between latently infected cells and the immune system shapes the landscape of HIV latency and likely contributes to ART-free viral control in elite controllers. CAR-T cells can exhibit superior antiviral activity as compared with native HIV-specific T cells, particularly because they can be engineered to have multiple HIV specificities, resistance to HIV infection, dual costimulatory signaling, immune checkpoint inhibitors, stem cell derivation, CMV TCR coexpression, and tissue homing ligands. These modifications can significantly improve the capacities of anti-HIV CAR-T cells to prevent viral escape, resist HIV infection, and enhance cytotoxicity, persistence, and tissue penetration. Collectively, these novel modifications of anti-HIV CAR-T cell design have increased their capacity to control HIV infection. SUMMARY Anti-HIV CAR-T cells can be engineered to provide potent and sustained in-vitro and in-vivo antiviral function. The combination of anti-HIV CAR-T cells with other immunotherapeutics may contribute to long-term HIV remission in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology
| | | | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Li S, Wang H, Guo N, Su B, Lambotte O, Zhang T. Targeting the HIV reservoir: chimeric antigen receptor therapy for HIV cure. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2658-2667. [PMID: 37927030 PMCID: PMC10684145 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce the viral load in the plasma to undetectable levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, ART alone cannot completely eliminate HIV due to its integration into the host cell genome to form viral reservoirs. To achieve a functional cure for HIV infection, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are underway to develop innovative immunotherapies to eliminate HIV reservoirs in the absence of ART. Early studies have tested adoptive T-cell therapies in HIV-infected individuals, but their effectiveness was limited. In recent years, with the technological progress and great success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in the treatment of hematological malignancies, CAR therapy has gradually shown its advantages in the field of HIV infection. Many studies have identified a variety of HIV-specific CAR structures and types of cytolytic effector cells. Therefore, CAR therapy may be beneficial for enhancing HIV immunity, achieving HIV control, and eliminating HIV reservoirs, gradually becoming a promising strategy for achieving a functional HIV cure. In this review, we provide an overview of the design of anti-HIV CAR proteins, the cell types of anti-HIV CAR (including CAR T cells, CAR natural killer cells, and CAR-encoding hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells), the clinical application of CAR therapy in HIV infection, and the prospects and challenges in anti-HIV CAR therapy for maintaining viral suppression and eliminating HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Na Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Department of Internal Medicine, AP-HP, Bicêtre Hospital, UMR1184 INSERM CEA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, University Paris Saclay, Paris 94270, France
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Sino-French Joint Laboratory for Research on Humoral Immune Response to HIV Infection, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Galy A, Berkhout B, Breckpot K, Pichon C, Bloom K, Kiem HP, Mühlebach MD, McCune JM. Recent Advances Using Genetic Therapies Against Infectious Diseases and for Vaccination. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:896-904. [PMID: 37639360 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of prophylatic or therapeutic medicines for infectious diseases is one of the priorities for health organizations worldwide. Innovative solutions are required to achieve effective, safe, and accessible treatments for most if not all infectious diseases, particularly those that are chronic in nature or that emerge unexpectedly over time. Genetic technologies offer versatile possibilities to design therapies against pathogens. Recent developments such as mRNA vaccines, CRISPR gene editing, and immunotherapies provide unprecedented hope to achieve significant results in the field of infectious diseases. This review will focus on advances in this domain, showcasing the cross-fertilization with other fields (e.g., oncology), and addressing some of the logistical and economic concerns important to consider when making these advances accessible to diverse populations around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Galy
- ART-TG, Inserm, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Department of Medical Microbiology Laboratory of Experimental Virology Amsterdam UMC, AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, ART-ARNm, Inserm, Orléans
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Kristie Bloom
- Wits/SAMRC Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Joseph M McCune
- HIV Frontiers, Global Health Accelerator, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Pan H, Yang X, Wang J, Liang H, Jiang Z, Zhao L, Wang Y, Liang Z, Shen X, Lin Q, Liang Y, Yang J, Lu P, Zhu Y, Li M, Wang P, Xu J, Lu H, Zhu H. Allogeneic gene-edited HIV-specific CAR-T cells secreting PD-1 blocking scFv enhance specific cytotoxic activity against HIV Env + cells invivo. Virol Sin 2023; 38:285-295. [PMID: 36657565 PMCID: PMC10176442 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells have been developed to target HIV-1 infected CD4+ T-cells that express HIV Env proteins. However, T cell exhaustion and the patient-specific autologous paradigm of CAR-T cell hurdled clinical applications. Here, we created HIV-specific CAR-T cells using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and a 3BNC117-E27 (3BE) CAR construct that enabled the expression of programmed cell death protein (PD-1) -blocking scFv E27 and the single-chain variable fragment of the HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibody 3BNC117 to target native HIV Env. Compared with T cells expressing 3BNC117-CAR alone, 3BE CAR-T cells showed greater cytotoxic activity against HIV Env+ cells with stronger proliferation capability, higher killing efficiency, and enhanced cytokine secretion in the presence of HIV Env-expressing cells. Furthermore, we manufactured TCR-deficient 3BE CAR-T cells through gene editing and demonstrated that these CAR-T cells could effectively kill HIV Env + cells in vivo without the occurrence of severe graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in NSG mice. These data suggest that we have provided a feasible approach to the generation of "off-the-shelf" anti-HIV CAR-T cells in combination with PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy, which can be a powerful therapeutic candidate for the functional cure of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huitong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhengtao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhiming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qinru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinglong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Panpan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Hongzhou Lu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Nursing Research Institution, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Huanzhang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, And Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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