Racial Disparities in the Cardiac Computed Tomography Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease: Does Gender Matter

The Relationships Among Neighborhood Disadvantage, Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Diagnoses, and Race/Ethnicity in a U.S. Urban Location

Childhood health disparities by race have been found. Neighborhood disadvantage, which may result from racism, may impact outcomes. The aim of the study is to describe the distribution of mental health (MH) and developmental disabilities (DD) diagnosis across Child Opportunity Index (COI) levels by race/ethnicity. A cross-sectional study using 2022 outpatient visit data for children < 18 years living in the Louisville Metropolitan Area (n = 115,738) was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined the association between diagnoses and COI levels, controlling for sex and age. Almost 18,000 children (15.5%) had a MH or DD (7,905 [6.8%]) diagnosis. In each COI level, the prevalence of MH diagnosis was lower for non-Hispanic (N-H) Black than for N-H White children. In adjusted analyses, there were no significant associations between diagnoses and COI for non-White children for MH or DD diagnoses. The odds of receiving a MH [OR: 1.74 (95% CI: 1.62, 1.87)] and DD [OR: 1.69 (95% CI: 1.51, 1.88)] diagnosis were higher among N-H White children living in Very Low compared to Very High COI areas. Current findings suggest that COI does not explain disparities in diagnosis for non-White children. More research is needed to identify potential multi-level drivers such as other forms of racism. Identifying programs, policies, and interventions to reduce childhood poverty and link children and families to affordable, family-centered, quality community mental and physical health resources is needed to ensure that families can build trusting relationships with the providers while minimizing stigma.

The Relationship Between the Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease and Ethnic Minorities

The study aimed at the determination of risk factors, their relationship with the development of stenosing lesions of the coronary arteries in different ethnic groups in Kazakhstan.

Primary coronary angiographies of n=640 patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease (CHD) (2017-2019) have been analysed (Almaty, Kazakhstan). The patients were subdivided into: Kazakhs (n=338) and Russians (n=302).

In the Russian group, the chance of arterial hypertension incidence was higher (44% and 33%, p<0.05). In the Russian group, the percentage of obstructive CHD was higher than in the Kazakhs (66% and 57%, p<0.05). There was association between obstructive CHD and risk factors such as male sex, diabetes, smoking, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the Kazakhs (p<0.05). In the Russian group, the relationship between development of CHD and age, level of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was higher (p<0.05). There is an association between smoking, diabetes, sex, DBP and the development of CHD in Kazakhs. In the Russian group, CHD was associated with risk factors such as older age, dyslipidaemia and arterial hypertension.

There were significant ethnic differences in the risk factors and CHD, in the Russian group the probability of development of obstructive CHD was higher. There was an association between smoking, diabetes, sex, DBP and the development of CHD in Kazakhs. In the Russian group, CHD was associated with risk factors such as older age, dyslipidaemia and arterial hypertension. These finding indicate the need to develop differentiated programmes for the screening, preventive measures for different ethnic groups.