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Zhao K, Wu T, Yang C, Pan H, Xu T, Zhang J, Guo X, Tu J, Zhang D, Kong X, Zhou B, Sun W. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound prevents angiotensin II-induced aortic smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch via hampering miR-17-5p and enhancing PPAR-γ. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174509. [PMID: 34547245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular events can trigger a pathological phenotypic switch in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), decreasing and disrupting the plasticity and diversity of vascular networks. The development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary to prevent these changes. We aimed to investigate the effects and associated mechanisms of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) irradiation on the angiotensin II (AngII)-induced phenotypic switch in VSMCs. In vivo, AngII was infused subcutaneously for 4 weeks to stimulate vascular remodeling in mice, and LIPUS irradiation was applied for 20 min every 2 days for 4 weeks. In vitro, cultured rat aortic VSMCs (RAVSMCs) were pretreated once with LIPUS irradiation for 20 min before 48-h AngII stimulation. Our results showed that LIPUS irradiation prevents AngII-induced vascular remodeling of the whole wall artery without discriminating between adventitia and media in vivo and RAVSMC phenotypic switching in vitro. LIPUS irradiation downregulated miR-17-5p expression and upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. The PPAR-γ activator rosiglitazone could mimic the favorable effects of LIPUS irradiation on AngII-treated RAVSMCs. In contrast, GW9662 could impede the LIPUS-mediated downregulation of RAVSMC proliferation and inflammation under AngII stimulation conditions in vivo and in vitro. Also, the miR-17-5p agomir has the same effects as GW9662 in vitro. Besides, the inhibitory effects of GW9662 against the anti-remodeling effects of LIPUS irradiation in AngII-induced RAVSMCs could be blocked by pretreatment with the miR-17-5p antagomir. Overall, LIPUS irradiation prevents AngII-induced RAVSMCs phenotypic switching through hampering miR-17-5p and enhancing PPAR-γ, suggesting a new approach for the treatment of vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Haotian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China; Department of Genetics, Pediatrics and Medicine Cardiology, Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
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Cheng H, Li J, Wu Q, Zheng X, Gao Y, Yang Q, Sun N, He M, Zhou Y. Effect of SKF‑96365 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:806-814. [PMID: 31974621 PMCID: PMC6947876 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important bioactive peptide in the renin-angiotensin system, and it can contribute to cell proliferation and cardiac hypertrophy. Dysfunctions in transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are involved in many types of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the TRPC channel inhibitor SKF-96365 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by Ang II and the potential mechanisms of SKF-96365. H9c2 cells were treated with different concentrations of Ang II. The expression levels of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy markers and TRPC channel-related proteins were also determined. The morphology and surface area of the H9c2 cells, the expression of hypertrophic markers and TRPC channel-related proteins and the [3H] leucine incorporation rate were detected in the Ang II-treated H9c2 cells following treatment with the TRPC channel inhibitor SKF-96365. The intracellular Ca2+ concentration was tested by flow cytometry. The present results suggested that the surface area of H9c2 cells treated with Ang II was significantly increased compared with untreated H9c2 cells. The fluorescence intensity of α-actinin, the expression of hypertrophic markers and TRPC-related proteins, the [3H] leucine incorporation rate and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration were all markedly increased in the Ang II-treated H9c2 cells but decreased following SKF-96365 treatment. The present results suggested that Ang II induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in H9c2 cells and that the TRPC pathway may be involved in this process. Therefore, SKF-96365 can inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by Ang II by suppressing the TRPC pathway. The present results indicated that TRPC may be a therapeutic target for the development of novel drugs to treat cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Cheng
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Jiaoxia Li
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Wu
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Gao
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Qiaofen Yang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Ningxi Sun
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Meiqiong He
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
| | - Youjun Zhou
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650051, P.R. China
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Martínez-Martínez S, Lozano-Vidal N, López-Maderuelo MD, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Armesilla ÁL, Redondo JM. Cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for the onset and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in adult mice. FEBS J 2018; 286:46-65. [PMID: 30548183 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that activation of calcineurin induces pathological cardiac hypertrophy (CH). In these studies, loss-of-function was mostly achieved by systemic administration of the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A. The lack of conditional knockout models for calcineurin function has impeded progress toward defining the role of this protein during the onset and the development of CH in adults. Here, we exploited a mouse model of CH based on the infusion of a hypertensive dose of angiotensin II (AngII) to model the role of calcineurin in CH in adulthood. AngII-induced CH in adult mice was reduced by treatment with cyclosporin A, without affecting the associated increase in blood pressure, and also by induction of calcineurin deletion in adult mouse cardiomyocytes, indicating that cardiomyocyte calcineurin is required for AngII-induced CH. Surprisingly, cardiac-specific deletion of calcineurin, but not treatment of mice with cyclosporin A, significantly reduced AngII-induced cardiac fibrosis and apoptosis. Analysis of profibrotic genes revealed that AngII-induced expression of Tgfβ family members and Lox was not inhibited by cyclosporin A but was markedly reduced by cardiac-specific calcineurin deletion. These results show that AngII induces a direct, calcineurin-dependent prohypertrophic effect in cardiomyocytes, as well as a systemic hypertensive effect that is independent of calcineurin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Noelia Lozano-Vidal
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Maderuelo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Hospital de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Luis Armesilla
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Research Institute in Healthcare Science, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
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Bernardi S, Michelli A, Zuolo G, Candido R, Fabris B. Update on RAAS Modulation for the Treatment of Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8917578. [PMID: 27652272 PMCID: PMC5019930 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8917578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of insulin, the improvements in diabetes detection and the therapies to treat hyperglycemia have reduced the mortality of acute metabolic emergencies, such that today chronic complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. More than half of the mortality that is seen in the diabetic population can be ascribed to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which includes not only myocardial infarction due to premature atherosclerosis but also diabetic cardiomyopathy. The importance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonism in the prevention of diabetic CVD has demonstrated the key role that the RAAS plays in diabetic CVD onset and development. Today, ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers represent the first line therapy for primary and secondary CVD prevention in patients with diabetes. Recent research has uncovered new dimensions of the RAAS and, therefore, new potential therapeutic targets against diabetic CVD. Here we describe the timeline of paradigm shifts in RAAS understanding, how diabetes modifies the RAAS, and what new parts of the RAAS pathway could be targeted in order to achieve RAAS modulation against diabetic CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Bernardi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Division of Medicina Clinica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- *Stella Bernardi:
| | - Andrea Michelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Zuolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Candido
- Diabetes Centre, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Via Puccini, 34100 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bruno Fabris
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Division of Medicina Clinica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste (ASUITS), Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume, 34100 Trieste, Italy
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Guo H, Liu B, Hou L, The E, Li G, Wang D, Jie Q, Che W, Wei Y. The role of mAKAPβ in the process of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1159-68. [PMID: 25739102 PMCID: PMC4380120 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) is the central product of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and this octapeptide contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. mAKAPβ is an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) that has the function of binding to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and confining the holoenzyme to discrete locations within the cell. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of mAKAPβ in AngII‑induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the possible mechanisms involved. Cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were treated with AngII. Subsequently, the morphology of the cardiomyocytes was observed and the expression of mAKAPβ and cardiomyocyte hypertrophic markers was measured. mAKAPβ‑shRNA was constructed for RNA interference; the expression of mAKAPβ and hypertrophic markers, the cell surface area and the [3H]Leucine incorporation rate in the AngII‑treated rat cardiomyocytes were detected following RNA interference. Simultaneously, changes in the expression levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)2 in the cardiomyocytes were assessed. The cell size of the AngII-treated cardiaomyocytes was significantly larger than that of the untreated cardiomyocytes. The expression of hypertrophic markers and p-ERK2, the cell surface area and the [3H]Leucine incorporation rate were all significantly increased in the AngII‑treated cells. However, the expression of mAKAPβ remained unaltered in this process. RNA interference simultaneously inhibited the protein expression of mAKAPβ and p‑ERK2, and the hypertrophy of the cardiomyocytes induced by AngII was attenuated. These results demonstrate that AngII induces hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes, and mAKAPβ is possibly involved in this process. The effects of mAKAPβ on AngII‑induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy may be associated with p-ERK2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Baoxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Erlinda The
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Qiqiang Jie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Che
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yidong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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Chen CY, Hsu HC, Chen MF. The reduced autophagic response by oxidative stress in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophic H9C2 cells causes more apoptotic cell death. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1688-98. [DOI: 10.1177/1535370214542071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important process in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a causative role in the induction of cardiomyocyte autophagy. The purpose of this study was to explore whether, under conditions of oxidative stress, levels and types of cell death were different in untreated and Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes (H9C2 cells). Treatment with 20 µM Ang II induced cardiac hypertrophy in H9C2 cells, with increased expression of the hypertrophic markers c-Fos, ß-myosin heavy chain, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), and brain natriuretic factor (BNF). Under normal conditions, there was no difference in the levels of autophagic vacuoles and apoptotic bodies in untreated and Ang II-treated H9C2 cells. However, oxidative stress generated by 100 µM H2O2 triggered autophagy in untreated control cells, but had a reduced effect in Ang II-induced hypertrophic cells, resulting in more cell death, and this was associated with a decrease in connexin 43 expression. Blocking this autophagic response with 3-methyladenine resulted in a significant increase in cell death and apoptosis of H9C2 cells but did not significantly affect the response of Ang II-treated cells. The autophagic response to 100 µM H2O2 provides a survival advantage for cells and this is reduced by Ang II treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ching Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
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Sopel MJ, Rosin NL, Falkenham AG, Bezuhly M, Esmon CT, Lee TDG, Liwski RS, Légaré JF. Treatment with activated protein C (aPC) is protective during the development of myocardial fibrosis: an angiotensin II infusion model in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45663. [PMID: 23029168 PMCID: PMC3446915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Myocardial fibrosis contributes to the development of heart failure. Activated Protein C (aPC) is a circulating anticoagulant with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. Using a model of myocardial fibrosis second to Angiotensin II (AngII) infusion, we investigated the novel therapeutic function aPC in the development of fibrosis. Methods and Results C57Bl/6 and Tie2-EPCR mice were infused with AngII (2.0 µg/kg/min), AngII and aPC (0.4 µg/kg/min) or saline for 3d. Hearts were harvested and processed for analysis or used for cellular isolation. Basic histology and collagen deposition were assessed using histologic stains. Transcript levels of molecular mediators were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Mice infused with AngII exhibited multifocal areas of myocardial cellular infiltration associated with significant collagen deposition compared to saline control animals (p<0.01). AngII-aPC infusion inhibited this cellular infiltration and the corresponding collagen deposition. AngII-aPC infusion also inhibited significant expression of the pro-fibrotic cytokines TGF-β1, CTGF and PDGF found in AngII only infused animals (p<0.05). aPC signals through its receptor, EPCR. Using Tie2-EPCR animals, where endothelial cells over-express EPCR and exhibit enhanced aPC-EPCR signaling, no significant reduction in cellular infiltration or fibrosis was evident with AngII infusion suggesting aPC-mediate protection is endothelial cell independent. Isolated infiltrating cells expressed significant EPCR transcripts suggesting a direct effect on infiltrating cells. Conclusions This data indicates that aPC treatment abrogates the fibrogenic response to AngII. aPC does not appear to confer protection by stimulating the endothelium but by acting directly on the infiltrating cells, potentially inhibiting migration or activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mryanda J. Sopel
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nicole L. Rosin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Alec G. Falkenham
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Michael Bezuhly
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Charles T. Esmon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. G. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert S. Liwski
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail: (RSL); (J-FL)
| | - Jean-Francois Légaré
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail: (RSL); (J-FL)
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by left ventricular hypertrophy in rats: effects of telmisartan. Am J Med Sci 2011; 342:318-23. [PMID: 21642821 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0b013e3182112baf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies have revealed that excessive endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leads to apoptosis. Although cardiomyocytes apoptosis contributes to the transition from left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to heart failure, it is unknown whether ER stress participates in the pathologic process. The authors first induced coarctation of the abdominal aorta in rats to induce LVH and then investigated the effect of telmisartan on the resulting ER stress. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation, abdominal aortic coarctation (AAC) and AAC + telmisartan. Telmisartan (5 mg · kg · d) or vehicle was infused into the stomach 1 week after the operation. ER stress signaling pathway molecules and apoptosis were studied in pressure-overloaded hearts 9 weeks after AAC. RESULTS Telmisartan significantly reduced LVH and interstitial fibrosis and improved left ventricular function compared with AAC alone. Cardiac markers of ER stress such as GRP78, C/EBP homologous protein, caspase-12 and phospho c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase were significantly increased in rats with AAC, and telmisartan significantly blunted these changes. Rats that received both telmisartan and AAC had less apoptosis due to ER stress. CONCLUSIONS Increased ER stress might be responsible for enhanced cardiomyocyte apoptosis after aortic coarctation. Telmisartan may reduce ER stress and thereby attenuate both apoptosis and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Blagonravov ML, Onufriev MV, Demurov EA, Guliaeva NV, Frolov VA. [Assessment of caspase-3 activity in rabbit myocardial tissue during experimental hemodynamic overload of the left ventricle of the heart]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2011; 56:719-25. [PMID: 21395074 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20105606719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It's well known that chronic overload of the cardiac left ventricle is accompanied by an increase in the cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate. However direction and extent of programmed cell death changes under an acute overload of the left ventricle still requires detailed investigation. Caspase-3 activity has been investigated in myocardium of rabbits on the 1, 3 and 5 days after modeling of left ventricle hemodynamic overload caused by surgical narrrowing of the ascending aorta. Control group included intact animals. It was found that caspase-3 activity significantly increased in both ventricles on day 1; it increased more than twofold above controls on day 3; it began to decrease by day 5. On the basis of the obtained data it was concluded that: an acute hemodynamic overload of the left ventricle is a cause of apoptosis acceleration in the myocardial tissue of both cardiac ventricles during first days of the investigated process.
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Toffoli B, Bernardi S, Candido R, Zacchigna S, Fabris B, Secchiero P. TRAIL shows potential cardioprotective activity. Invest New Drugs 2011; 30:1257-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Zhao Z, Wang W, Geng J, Wang L, Su G, Zhang Y, Ge Z, Kang W. Protein kinase C epsilon-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with angiotensin II stimulation. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:653-62. [PMID: 20052676 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a critical role in hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes; however, the molecular mechanism, especially the signaling cascades, in cardiomyocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the mechanism of Ang II in hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes. Ang II rapidly stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCepsilon) in a time- and dose-dependent manner via Ang II receptor-1 (AT(1)). Furthermore, Ang II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) phosphorylation and translocation was mediated through a signal pathway that involves AT(1) and PKCepsilon, which resulted in transcriptional activation of myocyte enhancer factor-2C (MEF2C) and hypertrophy. Consequently, inhibiting PKCepsilon or ERK5 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly attenuated Ang II-induced MEF2C activation and hypertrophy of rat cardiomyocytes. These data provide evidence that PKCepsilon-dependent ERK5 phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic traffic mediates Ang II-induced MEF2C activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. PKCepsilon and ERK5 may be potential targets in the treatment of pathological vascular hypertrophy associated with the enhanced renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Shandong, PR China
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Dent MR, Tappia PS, Dhalla NS. Gender differences in apoptotic signaling in heart failure due to volume overload. Apoptosis 2009; 15:499-510. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0441-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Schlüter KD, Wenzel S. Angiotensin II: a hormone involved in and contributing to pro-hypertrophic cardiac networks and target of anti-hypertrophic cross-talks. Pharmacol Ther 2008; 119:311-25. [PMID: 18619489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a major role in the progression of myocardial hypertrophy to heart failure. Inhibiting the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) or blockade of the corresponding Ang II receptors is used extensively in clinical practice, but there is scope for refinement of this mode of therapy. This review summarizes the current understanding of the direct effects of Ang II on cardiomyocytes and then focus particularly on interaction of components of the renin-angiotensin system with other hormones and cytokines. New findings described in approximately 400 papers identified in the PubMed database and published during the 2.5 years are discussed in the context of previous relevant literature. The cardiac action of Ang II is influenced by the activity of different isoforms of ACE leading to different amounts of Ang II by comparison with other angiotensinogen-derived peptides. The effect of Ang II is mediated by at least two different AT receptors that are differentially expressed in cardiomyocytes from neonatal, adult and failing hearts. The intracellular effects of Ang II are influenced by nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP-dependent cross talk and are mediated by the release of autocrine factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and interleukin (IL)-6. Besides interactions with cytokines, Ang II is involved in systemic networks including aldosterone, parathyroid hormone and adrenomedullin, which have their own effects on cardiomyocytes that modify, amplify or antagonize the primary effect of Ang II. Finally, hyperinsulemia and hyperglycaemia influence Ang II-dependent processes in diabetes and its cardiac sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-D Schlüter
- Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany.
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